Basic Principles of WCDMA System WCDMA Billing System

Chapter 9 WCDMA Billing System

In a telecomm operating network, as subscribers are offered serice, serice billing is
accompanied! "ssentially, as a measure of t#e network resources used by
subscribers, billing is classified into Circuit Switc#ed $CS% domain billing and Packet
Serice $PS% domain billing! CS domain adopts circuit switc#ing, so call duration
becomes t#e primary factor of billing! PS domain data works in packet transmission,
so traffic is t#e primary factor of billing, but time is not e&cluded! '#is c#apter mainly
introduces t#e billing principles of CS domain and PS domain, including t#e billing
arc#itecture of (uawei core network, bill generation mec#anism and processing
course!
)!* WCDMA CS Domain Billing Principles
)!*!* WCDMA CS Domain Billing Arc#itecture

'#e billing system of WCDMA system CS domain is consistent wit# t#at of +SM
system, t#at is, t#e billing data are bot# generated by MSC,MSC Serer and directly
transported to billing center! '#erefore, in iew of t#e arc#itecture, t#e billing system
of CS domain consists of billing module of MSC,MSC Serer and billing center!
Between t#e billing module and billing center, bill data are transported wit# -'P,-'AM
file transporting protocol!
Because no specific interface parameter is prescribed for MSC,MSC Serer billing
module in t#e protocol, t#e interface between MSC,MSC Serer #ost system and
billing module is an internal interface, and t#e implementation of t#e billing module is
also diersified! As an e&ample, t#e implementation of billing module in (uawei
MSC,MSC Serer is described below!
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Basic Principles of WCDMA System WCDMA Billing System
3
BAU BAU
MSC/ MSC/MSC Server
Bill service console
LAN LAN
ROUTER ROUTER
IP IP network
Host system
Heartbeat
network cable
Disk array
Active server
Standby
server
Highly-reliable
system design
Large-capacity
Billing center
3
Internal interface
FTP/FTAM transission
!rotocol
BAU BAU
MSC/ MSC/MSC Server
LAN LAN
ROUTER ROUTER
IP IP network
Host system
Heartbeat
network cable
Disk array
Active server
Standby
server
Highly-reliable
system design
Large-capacity
storage capability
Billing center
Fi"#re $%$ WCDA CS domain billing architect!re
MSC,MSC Serer billing system mainly consists of #ost modules and Bill
Administration 6nit $BA6%! -igure *!* s#ows t#e CS domain billing arc#itecture!
(ost system7 '#e bill information is generated from t#e #ost system, and firstly
buffered in t#e bill pool of #ost! '#e original bills in t#e bill pool are, in t#e form of
packet, continuously transported to BA6 wit# 'CP,IP!
Bill Administration 6nit $BA6%7 BA6, t#e processing core of MSC,MSC Serer billing
system, is a dual1system #ot backup system! Connected to t#e #ost t#roug# local
area network $8A4% and to billing center t#roug# wide area network $WA4%, BA6
proides -'P,-'AM interface for billing center to support Serer,Client in -'P and
9esponder in -'AM, to transport bills to billing center!
BA6 functions7 After saing t#e original bills receied from t#e #ost system, it carries
out sorting and format conersion for t#e original bills to generate t#e final bill! BA6
saes t#e final bill and transports it to billing center! Specifically7
Saing original bills7 After receiing t#e bill packets from t#e #ost, unpacking and
alidating t#e packets, BA6 saes t#e receied original bills in #ard disk, t#en
sends confirmation message to t#e #ost and makes t#e corresponding log
record, and finally carries out sorting and format conersion for t#e original bills!
Sorting bills7 It means classifying bills according to a domain, to process t#em in
different flows and sae t#em in different p#ysical pat#s! All data domains in bills
can be used as t#e criterion for sorting!
Bill format conersion7 '#e format conersion on BA6 inoles c#oosing bill
domain, c#anging t#e two1digit c#ronology into four1digit c#ronology, and
conerting into specified te&t format!
Saing final bill7 After sorting and format conersion on t#e original bills, BA6
saes t#e final bills in different directories according to t#eir classification!
Billing center7 Collecting and processing final CD9s, and generating final subscriber
bills based on tariffs!
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Basic Principles of WCDMA System WCDMA Billing System
)!*!. Billing Data +enerated by MSC,MSC Serer
*! Bill type
MSC,MSC Serer can be used as :MSC, 'MSC, +MSC and SSP! Different calls may
#ae different bill types! '#e ma;or bill types are as follows7
Mobile calling bill7 A bill generated w#en a local mobile subscriber initiates a call!
Mobile called bill7 A bill generated w#en a local mobile subscriber is called!
9oaming bill7 A bill generated w#en a subscriber of anot#er office calls a local
subscriber!
+ateway office outgoing bill7 A bill generated w#en a local subscriber calls a
subscriber of anot#er network!
'andem bill7 A bill generated w#en t#e caller and called are not local subscribers
and t#is office is a 'MSC!
Substituting bill7 W#en a non1prepaid subscriber calls prepaid subscriber and it is
an <:"98A= networking, SSP will replace t#e originating MSC to generate t#is
bill to c#arge t#e non1prepaid calling subscriber!
-orwarding bill7 A bill generated w#en a local subscriber is called and t#e call is
forwarded!
Call attempt bill7 A bill generated w#en a call is not successful!
SM bill7 A bill generated w#en an SM is originated,terminated!
Special serice bill7 A bill generated w#en special serice call or special serice
emergency call is inoled!
.! Bill format
'#e bill format t#at MSC,MSC S"9:"9 BA6 proides for billing center complies wit#
Mobile Phone Billing Standard Pre-processing Bill Format! BA6 can proide billing
center wit# bills in binary or te&t format as re>uired!
A bill mainly consists of t#e following information7
WCDMA,+SM,P8M4 resource utili?ation $suc# as MSC number and
incoming,outgoing trunk group number%
Basic serice utili?ation $in accordance wit# source, destination, call date, call
time, call duration, and bearer serice%
Supplementary serices utili?ation $suc# as call forwarding%
Subscriber related numbers $suc# as MSISD4, IMSI and MS94%
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Basic Principles of WCDMA System WCDMA Billing System
)!. Billing Principles of WCDMA PS Domain
)!.!* WCDMA PS Domain Billing System Arc#itecture
Fi"#re $%$ "S domain billing system architect!re
-igure *!* s#ows t#e PS domain billing arc#itecture! Billing system of PS domain
consists of t#ree parts7 S+S4,++S4 billing module, C+ and billing center! '#ere is a
standard +a interface wit# +'P@ protocol between S+S4,++S4 and C+! Between
C+ and billing center, bill data are transported wit# -'P,-'AM file transporting
protocol!
'#e functions of eac# part are described as follows7
S+S4 and ++S47 +enerating billing data!
C+-7
Collecting t#e billing data of S+S4 and ++S4!
Saing for a long time and e&ecuting some pre1processing work, suc# as
integrating and sorting!
'ransporting t#e collected billing data to t#e billing center!
Billing System $billing center% 7 Processing billing data and generating final bill!
Note: In Ga interface, the billing data is called CD! CD that is Call Detail ecord!
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Basic Principles of WCDMA System WCDMA Billing System
)!.!. Billing Data +enerated by +S4
*! Billing data
'#ere are A types of CD9s generated in 3+ billing7
M1CD97 +enerated by S+S4, used for recording billing information of mobility
management for mobile p#one! It can be configured w#et#er to generate t#is bill
or not, not re>uired normally!
S1SM<1CD97 +enerated by S+S4, used for recording billing information of SM
origination!
S1SM'1CD97 +enerated by S+S4, used for recording billing information of SM
termination!
S1CD97 +enerated by S+S4!
+1CD97 +enerated by ++S4!
As for t#e same PDP course, t#ere are . types of CD9s generated, S1CD9 and +1
CD9! Billing center usually calculates t#e final c#arge according to +1CD9, w#ile S1
CD9 is mainly used for statistics!
CD9 generated in S+S4 and ++S4 mainly records t#e following information7
9adio resource utili?ation
Duration
+P9S resource utili?ation
<riginator and terminator
"&ternal data network utili?ation
Mobile terminal location!
.! Integration of partial CD9s
<ne PDP conte&t may be corresponding to multiple partial CD9s, w#ic# are
generated because of7
Data amount limitation
'ime limitation
C#anged billing condition $suc# as tariff c#ange%!
Because in t#e bill finally sent to subscriber, t#ere is only one bill in one PDP conte&t,
all partial CD9s in one PDP conte&t must be integrated! Integration of partial CD9s is
carried out in . steps7 '#e integration in t#e first step is carried out by C+-! '#is can
reduce t#e re>uirement of bandwidt# between C+- and billing center and alleiate
t#e processing operation of billing center! -or t#is reason or t#at, t#e integration in
t#is step may be incomplete! '#e second step is carried out by billing center, w#ere
t#ose CD9s t#at are not integrated completely in C+- will be integrated, resulting in
final CD9s!
As for eac# PDP conte&t, ++S4 generates one e&clusie C1ID! According to C1
IDB++S4 address, it is possible to know w#et#er two partial CD9s belong to t#e
same PDP conte&t!
As for +1CD9, all partial CD9s wit# t#e same C1IDB++S4 address must be
integrated!
As for S1CD9, all partial CD9s wit# t#e same C1IDB++S4 address and BS+S4
address must be integrated!
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Basic Principles of WCDMA System WCDMA Billing System
)!.!3 C+-
C+- offers a mec#anism to send t#e billing information generated by ++S4 and
S+S4 to designated billing center! C+- is an abstract functional concept, and C+ is
a specific implementation of C+-! '#e specific implementation of C+ differs wit#
manufacturers!
C+- must offer t#e following functions7
Collecting CD9 from S+S4 and ++S4
Proiding long1time reliable storage of CD9
'ransporting CD9 to billing center!
In addition, to reduce t#e transmission amount between C+- and billing center, C+-
s#ould proide some integration function of partial CD9s to minimi?e t#e amount of
CD9s transmitted to billing center, t#us lig#tening t#e bandwidt# re>uirement for t#e
billing center!
C+- must offer #ig# degree of reliability and redundancy! <ne +S4 s#ould be
corresponding to multiple C+-s in different leels of priority! W#en C+- in #ig#er
priority can not process t#e communication wit# +S4, +S4 will redirect it to C+- in
lower priority!
)!.!0 Billing Center
Billing center #as t#e following main functions7
Collecting t#e CD9s on C+-
-iguring out c#arge according to bill
-ully Integrating CD9s
Proofreading bills!
)!.!A +'PC Protocol
+'PC protocol is a communication protocol between +S4 and C+- and between
different C+-s! It is an application layer protocol! '#e bottom protocol stack adopts
6DP,'CP and IP, as s#own below!
UDP
L2
L1
IP
L2
L1
IP
UDP
Ga
GSN/CGF CGF
GTP' GTP'
Fi"#re $%$ #$"% "rotocol
'#e ma;or functions of +'PC protocol are as follows7
'ransporting CD9s from +S4 to C+-
9edirecting CD9s to anot#er C+-
Detecting t#e communication failure between C+- and +S4
9ecommending anot#er aailable C+- to +S4 in case of failure in one C+-
Preenting duplicate CD9s!
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