Underground Infrastructure in Singapore Challenges Site Investigation Deep Excavation Bored Tunnelling Conclusions
Planning, Design and Construction of Underground Infrastructure Rail Network Expansion by 2030 RTS Link Between Singapore and Johor Singapore to Kuala Lumpur 315km, 90mins travelling time Operational in 2020 Possibly part underground
High Speed Rail Link
Major Underground Road Tunnels CTE: North Tunnel: 0.7 km; South Tunnel: 1.7 km; Opened: 21 Sep 1991 Fort Canning Tunnel: 0.35 km; Opened 16 Jan 2007 KPE: Total tunnel length: 9km; Opened 26 Oct 2007 and 20 Sep 2008 Woodsville Interchange: Total tunnel length: 0.69km; Opened 28 Jan 2012 MCE Tunnel : 3.5km to be opened at end 2013 Singapore Underground Road System: underground road tunnels North South Expressway Tunnel and Semi Tunnel : 12.3 km to be completed around 2020 Transmission Cable Tunnel Route Overview MARYMOUNT THOMSON PIE GAMBAS SEMBAWANG MANDAI NS Tunnel EW Tunnel AYER RAJAH NORTH BUONA VISTA HOLLAND DUNEARN RANGOON MAY ROAD INTERFACE KALLANG AIRPORT ROAD TAGORE ANG MO KIO PAYA LEBAR JIP Tunnel BENOI PIONEER PESEK WEST JURONG ISLAND Underground Infrastructure in Singapore Challenges Site Investigation Deep Excavation Bored Tunnelling Conclusions
Planning, Design and Construction of Underground Infrastructure To provide sufficient ground and ground water data for a proper description of essential ground properties/ behaviour to plan the most appropriate construction method; and for a reliable assessment of characteristic values of ground parameters to achieve a safe and cost-effective design Continuous process for entire duration of project
Objectives of Site Investigation Boreholes too widely spaced To have more boreholes practical problems Challenges Boreholes Spacing Challenges MRT Tunnel Tunnel Alignment 41m 65m 56m 58m Potential JTC 2 nd Link Immersed Tunnel PUB NIPE Tunnel DTSS Phase 2 (Future) Upper/Lower Limits 1.6km 3.2km 0.4km PROPOSED JURONG ISLAND PIONEER TRANSMISSION CABLE TUNNEL Challenges Tunnelling under Water Bodies BH-169 (GL-49m) ABH-216 (GL-49m) ABH-214 (GL-36m) Tender stage : 4 Boreholes Approximate Level of Rock Head Ground Level RL 102.7m BH-214 FILL N=0 M N=0 F2 N=1~12 F1 N=7~19 G-V N=41~86 G-I, II N=76~100 G-III R=20~80% G-I,II R=90~100% E N=9 G-III N=54~67 ABH-215 (GL-66m) Tender Design Rock head level = 70.5m as per GIBR Diaphragm wall depth = 32m Shotcrete & rockbolt for lower shaft (in G-III/G-II) Challenges Variable Rockhead Deep shaft ~60m depth Tender Stage Borehole = 4 nos 1 st Stage Add Borehole = 5 nos 2 nd Stage Add borehole = 10 nos ABH-D-01 (GL-57m) ABH-D-05 (GL-42m) BH-169 (GL-49m) ABH-216 (GL-49m) ABH-D-08 (GL-31m) ABH-D-06 (GL-42m) ABH-215 (GL-66m) ABH-D-04 (GL-67m) ABH-D-07 (GL-62m) ABH-D-02 (GL-43m) ABH-D-03 (GL-69m) Option-2 7m move ABH-D-09 (GL-57m) ABH-D-10 (GL-62m) ABH-D-11 (GL-49.5m) ABH-214 (GL-36m) ABH-D-12 (No Rock head) ABH-D-13 (GL-45m) ABH-D-14 (GL-65m) ABH-D-15 (GL-54m) From additional SI Rock head level (G-III) is much deeper than original Max difference in rock head level (G-III) is 25m Alternative construction method is needed due to new geological information Challenges Variable Rockhead Challenges Variable Rockhead Option 1 To relocate shaft 7m Challenges Variable Rockhead Option 2 Original location with redesigned shaft GIBR Rockhead Level Commonly used methods Electrical resistivity Seismic refraction Seismic reflection Surface wave method Geo-tomography Geophysical Survey More efficient and accurate methods are required to determine rock levels depth of piles to minimise risk of underground construction in urban areas Challenges Underground Infrastructure in Singapore Challenges Site Investigation Deep Excavation Bored Tunnelling Conclusions
Planning, Design and Construction of Underground Infrastructure Challenges Deep Excavations in Soft Clay without Ground Treatment Deep Excavations in Soft Clay with Ground Treatment Ground Treatment Typical Station Excavation Depth Deep Excavation Bras Basah Station Singapore Art Museum Cathedral of the Good Shepherd Bras Basah Rd B1 Level B2 Level B3 Level B4 Level B5 Level Connection SMU Reflection Pool Deep Excavation Bras Basah Station
Deep Excavation Bencoolen Station Subway NAFA Campus 1 NAFA Campus 2 Bayview Hotel Plaza By The Park SMU NAFA Campus 1 Slide 26 B r a s
B a s a h
R o a d
H o t e l
R e n d e z v o u s
Strand Hotel B e n c o o l e n
H o u s e
Hotel 81 H o t e l
B e n c o o l e n
Somerset Bencoolen
Manulife Centre Bayview Hotel NAFA Campus 2 New Devt. NAFA Campus 1 P r i n s e p
L i n k
Subway link to SMU Project Challenges
1. Built-up corridor -- close proximity to existing buildings -- very deep station box (43m below ground) -- thick layer of hard ground (boulders) -- restricted working hours due to stakeholders requests 2. Pedestrian walkway & vehicular access to buildings to be maintained at all times Space Furniture C936 Bencoolen Station S M U
Bayview Hotel NAFA Campus 2 New Devt. Station Footprint Station Excavation DTL3 CROSS SECTION BENCOOLEN STREET 4 3 . 2 m
Need for Horizontal Grouting Top tunnel in Marine Clay
Bottom tunnel in OA Existing Tunnels Future Tunnels Existing Piles / Barrettes Transfer Beams and Barrettes for Underpinning Cable Tunnel Deep Shafts Utility building (above ground) Shaft (~60m) Adit Tunnel enlargement Cable tunnel Soil/Rock Interface Deep Shaft Rock Fissure Grouting Underground Infrastructure in Singapore Challenges Site Investigation Deep Excavation Bored Tunnelling Conclusions
Planning, Design and Construction of Underground Infrastructure Phase 1/2 MRT Construction in 1980s: Greathead Shield with hydraulic backhoe excavator or roadheaders / 1 EPBM / 1 TBM Compressed air used extensively Grouting done through the segments Construction Methods Greathead Shield EPBM (C301) NEL: 14 EPBMs (2 Dual Modes), 2 Open Face TBMs Face pressure and stability by controlling the extrusion of the spoil through the screw conveyor and the advancement of the machine Automatic tail void grouting Construction Methods EPBM (C705) EPBM (C706) EPBM (C710) Circle Line: 19 EPBM, 8 Slurry TBMs Scanners / belt weighing experimented and adopted subsequently Slurry TBM used for sections with granite Construction Methods Slurry TBM (C854) Slurry Treatment Plant EPBM (C823) DTL1: 3 EPBMs DTL2: 10 EPBMs + 9 Slurry TBMs DTL3: 19 TBMs Construction Methods EPBM (C902) Slurry TBM (C915) EPBM (C917) Expansion of underground rail system constrained by tight time schedule Significant number of TBMs required over a short period of time TBM manufacturing and delivering lead time critical Client procurement an effective way to manage this Possible cost savings from direct procurement from the TBM manufacturers Procurement of TBMs restricted to areas with homogeneous soil such as Old Alluvium Bulk procured 10 nos Downtown Line Stage 3 TBMs Novated to successful civil contractors TBM Bulk Procurement 10m 20m 30m 40m 50m 60m 70m Deep Tunnels Underpasses & Shopping Malls MRT System Cable Tunnel Common Services Tunnel Deep Tunnel Sewerage System Underground Expressways Sewers & Gas Pipes Source : The Straits Times, 11 Feb 12 Specifications beefed up 19 inch disc cutters introduced 2 x double compartment manlock required Probe drills permanently mounted Front midget drill provided TBM Specifications Permanently Mounted Drills Page 39 TBM Front Drilling Tunnelling through Tight Curves 75m radius curve Tunnelling through Tight Curves Major underground facilities to be built in Singapore Challenges to the industry New methods and technologies to address the challenges
Conclusions THANK YOU MRT Network in Singapore by 2020 To match the design of soil improvement methods to the groutability of the ground encountered the targeted engineering property of soil to be improved To have minimum disturbance to surrounding structures To develop new method and technology, e.g. horizontal grouting techniques Challenges