The signal is sampled at regular intervals such that each sample is

proportional to the amplitude of the signal at that sampling instant. This

technique is called sampling.
For minimum distortion, the sampling rate should be more than twice the
signal frequency.
In P!, amplitude of pulses is varied in accordance with instantaneous value
of modulating signal. nalog voice data must be translated into a series of
binary digits before they can be transmitted. "ith Pulse mplitude
!odulation, the amplitude of the sound wave is sampled at regular intervals
and translated into a binary number. The di#erence between the original
analog signal and the translated digital signal is called quanti$ing error.
The carrier is in the form of narrow pulses having frequency fs.The uniform
sampling ta%es place in multiplier to generate P! signal.&amples are placed
Ts sec away from each other.
'epending upon the shape and polarity of the sampled pulses, P! is of two
types,
(atural P! sampling occurs when top portion of the pulses are sub)ected to
follow the modulating wave.
Flat topped P! sampling is often used because of the ease of generating the
modulated wave. In this pulses have *at tops after modulation.
The signal +original wave, is quanti$ed into -./ pulse amplitude +P!,. In this
e0ample we have used only the eight pulse amplitude for simplicity. These
eight amplitudes can be depicted by using only a 12bit code instead of the /
bit code normally used to encode each pulse amplitude.
fter quanti$ing, the samples are ta%en at speci3c points to produce
amplitude modulated pulses. These pulses are then coded. 4ecause we need
eight pulse levels, we only need three binary positions to code each pulse. If
we had used -./ pulse amplitudes, then a 5 bit code plus one parity bit
would be required.
For digiti$ing a voice signal, /666 samples per second are ta%en. These /666
samples are transmitted as a serial stream of 6s and -s. In our case /666
samples times 1 bits per sample would require a .7666 bps transmission
rate. In reality, / bits per sample times /666 samples require a 87666 bps
transmission rate.
66-9 P! :evel -
6-69 P! :evel .
6--9 P! :evel 1
-669 P! :evel 7
-6-9 P! :evel ;
--69 P! :evel 8
---9 P! :evel 5
6669 P! :evel /
&<=>?@ ?<'@ AAA
clcB
clear allB
a 9 input+C@nter the amplitude 9 C,B
f 9 input+C@nter the frequency 9 C,B
n 9 input+C@nter the ( value 9 C,B
t 9 6D6.-DnB
0- 9 stem+2tE1,B
0. 9 sin+.FpiFfFt,B
y 9 0-.F0.B
subplot+1,-,-,B
stem+0-,B
title+CImpulse &ignalC,B
ylabel+Cmplitude 2222AC,B
0label+Cn 2222AC,B
grid onB
subplot+1,-,.,
plot+t,0.,B
title+C&ine "aveC,B
0label+CTime 22222AC,B
ylabel+Cmplitude 22222AC,B
grid onB
subplot+1,-,1,
stem+t,y,B
title+CPulse !odulated "aveC,B
0label+CTime 22222AC,B
ylabel+Cmplitude 22222AC,B
grid onB