Multilevel Geographic Routing

for VANETs

Mouaz Chamieh

Mobility constraints and high dynamics make the routing process one of the
most challenging tasks in VANETs. Many researches proved that geographic
routing is the most suitable routing method for such networks that this method
needs the least information to be published in order to send a packet from
source to destination rather than building a route or a routing table, which will
in necessary rapidly lose its value because of high dynamics characteristic, in
addition some geographic routing protocols are better than others due to
protocol algorithm, which may be blind or unable to be implemented.
In this thesis, we analyze the topology features that influence routing only once
at the initialization state or when the road optimization is changed, and use that
knowledge to design a multilevel geographic routing protocol for vehicular
networks.
First, at the initialization state the system will divide the urban topology into
zones in an intelligent way that each zone contains a main road and some other
branches and ensure that every zone with topology of a fully connected sub-
network (i.e. each any point is reachable from any other point in the same zone)
to produce at the end a full connected zones network with a fixed weight to
each zone because this is related to the nature of the city on which VANET is
operating, sometimes these weights may be changed due to some special states
-for instance the rush hour-. Second, (Macro-Level) the geographic routing
protocol in order to send a packet from source to destination will build a route
of zones based on the location of each zone and its weight, and use this route to
forward the packet rather than forwarding the packet to a specific node, this
will surpass the problem of unreliable links of VANETs. Finally, (Micro-
Level) at this level the routing protocol deals with the routing process within
each zone individually, here we design a new advanced geographic routing
protocol for small VANETs (in a zone) rather than using GPSR or any other
routing protocols which may contain a blind algorithm, ours will contain some
detailed information such as vehicle movement direction and the existence of
multi-direction lanes.

Related Works
A VANET routing based on the real-time road vehicle density in the city
environment. Hyun Yu ; Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Seoul, Seoul,
South Korea ; Joon Yoo; Sanghyun Ahn. IEEE 2013
VANET routing protocols: Issues and challenges. Singh, S. ; UIET,
Panjab Univ., Chandigarh, India ; Agrawal, S. IEEE 2014
GeoSVR: A Geographic Stateless VANET Routing. Zheng Liu
; College of Information Engineering, Capital Normal University,
Beijing, China 100048 ; Yong Xiang ; Weizhen Sun. IEEE 2013
An Improved GPSR Routing Strategy in VANET. Hu, Lili ; Ding,
Zhizhong ; Shi, Huijing. IEEE 2012