Cylinder

From Greek kulindros, "roller, tumbler is one of the most basic curvilinear geometric shapes. It is a
closed solid that has two parallel (usually circular) bases connected by a curved surface.
Relation to a prism
A prism with many sides approaches a cylinder shape. A prism is a solid with bases that are polygons and
the sides are flat surfaces. Strictly speaking a cylinder is not a prism, however it is extremely similar. In a
prism where the bases are regular polygons, the prism begins to approach being a cylinder when the
number of sides is large.
Parts of a Cylinder
Base and side
A cylinder is a geometric solid that is very common in everyday life, such as a soup can. If you take it
apart you find it has two ends, called bases that are usually circular. The bases are always congruent
and parallel to each other. If you were to 'unroll' the cylinder you would find the side is actually a
rectangle when flattened out.
Height
The height h is the perpendicular distance between the bases. It is important to use the perpendicular
height (or 'altitude') when calculating the volume of an oblique cylinder.
Radius
The radius r of a cylinder is the radius of a base. If you are given the diameter instead, remember to
halve it.
Axis
A line joining the center of each base.









Surface Area of a Cylinder
The surface area is the covering of a three-dimensional gure.
Surface Area- 2r(r+h)
The surface area of a cylinder can be found by breaking it down into three parts:
The two circles that make up the ends of the cylinder.
The side of the cylinder, which when "unrolled" is a rectangle.

The area of each end disk can be found from the radius r of the circle.
The area of a circle is r
2
, so the combined area of the two disks is twice that, or 2r
2
.

The area of the rectangle is the width times height. A= wxh
The width is the height h of the cylinder, and the length is the distance around the end circles.
This is the circumference of the circle and is 2r. Thus the rectangle's area is 2r h.

Combining these parts we get the final formula:
where:
Area- 2r
2
+ 2rh

- is Pi, approximately 3.1416
r - is the radius of the cylinder
h - height of the cylinder

By factoring 2r from each term we can simplify this to: Area- 2r(r+h)
Other reference: SA = 2 r2 + dh
Example:
A cylinder has a radius of 13 cm and a height of 22 cm. Find it's surface area.
(let pi = 3.1416)
Surface Area- 2r(r+h)

A= 2(3.1416)(13)(13+22)
= 2858.9 square cm
2


Another example:
Find the surface area of the cylinder whose radius is 3cm and height is equal to 8cm.Use 3.1416 for the
Pi.
Surface Area- 2r(r+h)
SA= 2(3.1416)(3cm)(3cm+8)
= 207cm
2

Finding the Height of a Cylinder
A balance board rocks back and forth on a wooden cylinder. The cylinder has a radius of 3 inches and a
surface area of 245 square inches. Find the height of the cylinder. Use 3.1416 for pi.
Solution:
SA= 2r
2
+ 2rh
245= 2(3.14)(3)
2
+ 2(3.1416)(3)h
245= 56.52+ 18.84h
245-56.52= 18.84h
188.48=18.84h
18.48 18.84 10=h

Lateral Area of a cylinder
Circumference height.
LA= 2Pir x H

Example:
Find the lateral surface area (LSA) of the cylinder whose radius is 21 ft and the height measures 45 ft.
Use 3.14 For pi.

LA= 2Pir x H
= 2(3.14)(21) x 45
= 5934.6 ft
2




Volume of a Cylinder

Volume= r2h

Although a cylinder is technically not a prism, it shares many of the properties of a prism. Like prisms,
the volume is found by multiplying the area of one end of the cylinder (base) by its height.

Since the end (base) of a cylinder is a circle, the area of that circle is given by the formula:
Area= r
2

Multiplying by the height h we get
where:
volume= r
2
h is Pi, approximately 3.142
r is the radius of the circular end of the cylinder
h height of the cylinder

Example:
a. Calculate the radius of the base is 14 cm and the height is 10 cm.
Solution: V= area of the base x height
V= 3.14 (14
2
)cm (10)cm
V= 6154.4 cm
3

b. The area of the base is 30 cm
2
and the height is 6 cm.
Solution: V= area of the base x height
V= 30 cm
2
x 6 cm
V= 180 cm
3


Surface Area of Prism

Surface Area of a Rectangular Prism
A rectangular prism has 6 faces. Which are the 2 ends and 4
sides. Opposite sides have the same area. The surface area of a
Rectangular Prism (three dimensional figure) is the area outside. The
top and bottom is called base. The surface area is the sum of the areas
of all six sides.
SA = 2lw+2lh+2wh
Ex.1:
= 2x11cmx5cm+2x11cmx6cm+2x5cmx6cm
= 110+ 132+ 60
= 302cm2

SA = 2lw+2lh+2wh
Ex.2:
Find the surface area of a rectangular prism with a length of 7 cm, a width of 4 cm, and a height of 2 cm.
= 2x7x4+2x7x2+2x4x2
= 56+ 28+ 16
=100cm
2

Surface Area of a Triangular Prism
SA= B+ph B= area of the base p=perimeter of the base h=height



SA= B+ph
= 24cm2+ (16cm)(12cm)
= 24cm
2
+ 192cm
2

= 216cm
2


Lateral Area of Prism

Lateral area= the lateral area is the surface area of a 3D figure, but excluding the area of any bases.
Lateral Area is often abbreviated L.A.
-Imagine a soup can. Now cut down the side of the can and roll it flat. What was the circumference of
the base is now the length of a rectangle. To find the area of this rectangle which is the same as the
lateral area, multiply this length by the width, which was the height of the can.

L= Ph



5 in P= 10
H= 5 L=Ph
10x5= 50 inches
2

2in
3in
Example:
What is the lateral area of the rectangular prism?



6ft Answer: 180 ft
2


2ft
13 ft
Volume of a Prism

Volume of a Rectangular Prism


13cm

7cm
9cm

Solution

The formula for the volume of a prism is V = Bh , where B is the base area and h is the height.
The base of the prism is a rectangle. The length of the rectangle is 9 cm and the width is 7 cm.
The area A of a rectangle with length l and width w is A = lw .
So, the base area is 9 times 7 or 63 cm2 .
The height of the prism is 13 cm.

Substitute 63 for B and 13 for h in V = Bh .
V = (63)(13)
Multiply.
V = 819
Therefore, the volume of the prism is 819 cubic centimeters.




Volume of a Triangular Prism

Find the volume of a triangular box given that
The base has a length of 5 cm, altitude is 12 cm
And the height of the box is 3 cm.

V=bh x H
2
V= (5cm)(12cm) (3 cm)
2
V= 60 cm (squared)
2
V= 30 cm (squared) (3 cm)
V= 90 cm (cube)


Volume of a cylinder
A metal tube is in the form of a
Right circular cylinder. The radius of
Its base is 12 cm and its height is
8 cm. find the volume of the metal
Tube.