Non Destructive Testing in Welder Qualifcation

Reference: ASME Sec IX

QW-! Radiogra"#ic E$a%ination
QW-!& Met#od& The radiographic examination in QW-142 for welders and in QW-143 for
welding operators
shall meet the requirements of Article 2, ection !, except as follows"
(a) A written radiographic examination procedure is not required# $emonstration of densit%
and penetrameter
image requirements on production or technique radiographs shall &e considered satisfactor%
e'idence of compliance
with Article 2 of ection !#
(b) The requirements of T-2() of Article 2 of ection ! are to &e used onl% as a guide# *inal
acceptance of
radiographs shall &e &ased on the a&ilit% to see the prescri&ed penetrameter image and the
speci+ed hole or the
designated wire or a wire penetrameter# The acceptance standards of QW-1,1#2 shall &e
met#
QW-!&' Radiogra"#ic Acce"tance (riteria
QW-!&'& Ter%inolog)
(a) Linear Indications. -rac.s, incomplete fusion, inadequate penetration, and slag are
represented on the
radiograph as linear indications in which the length is more than three times the width#
(b) Rounded Indications. /orosit% and inclusions such as slag or tungsten are represented on
the radiograph
as rounded indications with a length three times the width or less# These indications ma% &e
circular, elliptical, or
irregular in shape0 ma% ha'e tails0 and ma% 'ar% in densit%#
QW-!&'&' Acce"tance Standards& Welder and welding operator performance tests &%
radiograph% of
welds in test assem&lies shall &e 1udged unaccepta&le when the radiograph exhi&its an%
imperfections in excess
of the limits speci+ed &elow#
(a) Linear Indications
(1) an% t%pe of crac. or 2one of incomplete fusion or penetration
(2) an% elongated slag inclusion which has a length greater than
(a) 13( in# 43 mm5 for t up to 33( in# 416 mm5, inclusi'e
(b) 133t for t o'er 33( in# 416 mm5 to 2134 in# 4)7 mm5, inclusi'e
(c) 334 in# 41, mm5 for t o'er 2134 in# 4)7 mm5
(3) an% group of slag inclusions in line that ha'e an aggregate length greater than t in a
length of 12t, except
when the distance &etween the successi'e imperfections exceeds 8L where L is the length of
the longest imperfection in the group
(b) Rounded Indications
(1) The maximum permissi&le dimension for rounded indications shall &e 269 of t or 13( in# 43
mm5,
whiche'er is smaller#
(2) *or welds in material less than 13( in# 43 mm5 in thic.ness, the maximum num&er of
accepta&le rounded
indications shall not exceed 12 in a 8 in# 41)6 mm5 length of weld# A proportionatel% fewer
num&er of rounded
indications shall &e permitted in welds less than 8 in# 41)6 mm5 in length#
(3) *or welds in material 13( in# 43 mm5 or greater in thic.ness, the charts in Appendix :
represent the maximum
accepta&le t%pes of rounded indications illustrated in t%picall% clustered, assorted, and
randoml% dispersed
con+gurations# ;ounded indications less than 1332 in# 46#( mm5 in maximum diameter shall
not &e considered in the radiographic acceptance tests of welders and welding operators in
these ranges of material thic.nesses#
QW-!&'&* +roduction Welds& The acceptance standard for welding operators who
qualif% on production
welds shall &e that speci+ed in the referencing -ode ection# The acceptance standard for
welders who qualif%
on production welds as permitted &% QW-364#1 shall &e per QW-1,1#2#2#
QW-!&* Record of Tests& The results of welder and welding operator performance tests
&% radiograph%
shall &e recorded in accordance with QW-361#4#
QW-,, -isual E$a%ination
!isual examination as descri&ed in QW-1,4 is used to determine that the +nal weld surfaces
meet speci+ed
qualit% conditions#
QW-!, -isual E$a%ination . +erfor%ance
/erformance test coupons shall show complete 1oint penetration with complete fusion of
weld metal and &ase
metal#
QW-!/ 0i1uid +enetrant E$a%ination
QW-!/& The liquid penetrant examination in QW- 214 for corrosion-resistant weld metal
o'erla% shall meet
the requirements of ection !, Article 8# The acceptance standards of QW-1,)#2 shall &e
met#
QW-!/&' 0i1uid +enetrant Acce"tance (riteria
QW-!/&'& Ter%inolog)
relevant indications" indications with ma1or dimensions greater than 1318 in# 41#) mm5#
linear indications" an indication ha'ing a length greater than three times the width#
rounded indications" an indication of circular or elliptical shape with the length equal to or
less than three times
the width#
QW-!/&'&' Acce"tance Standards& /rocedure and performance tests examined &%
liquid penetrant techniques
shall &e 1udged unaccepta&le when the examination exhi&its an% indication in excess of the
limits
speci+ed &elow"
(a) rele'ant linear indications
(b) rele'ant rounded indications greater than 3318 in# 4) mm5
(c) four or more rele'ant rounded indications in a line separated &% 1318 in# 41#) mm5 or less
4edge-to-edge5
QW-*2'&' Radiogra"#ic E$a%ination& When the welder or welding operator is quali+ed
&% radiographic
examination, as permitted in QW-364 for welders and QW-36) for welding operators, the
minimum length of
coupon4s5 to &e examined shall &e 8 in# 41)6 mm5 and shall include the entire weld
circumference for pipe4s5,
except that for small diameter pipe, multiple coupons ma% &e required, &ut the num&er
need not exceed four
consecuti'el% made test coupons# The radiographic technique and acceptance criteria shall
&e in accordance with
QW-1,1#
QW-*2/&' 3ailure to Meet Radiogra"#ic Standards&
:f a portion of a production weld is selected for welding operator performance quali+cation,
and it does not meet the radiographic standards, the welding operator has failed the test# :n
this e'ent, the entire production weld made &% this welding operator shall &e radiographed
completel% and repaired &% a quali+ed welder or welding operator# Alternati'el%, retests ma%
&e made as permitted in QW-326#
QW-*2'&, -isual E$a%ination&
*or plate coupons all surfaces 4except areas designated <discard=5 shall &e examined
'isuall% per QW-1,4 &efore cutting of &end specimens# /ipe coupons shall &e 'isuall%
examined per QW-1,4 o'er the entire circumference, inside and outside#
QW-*'2 RETESTS AND RENEWA0 43 Q5A0I3I(ATI4N
QW-*' Retests
A welder or welding operator who fails one or more of the tests prescri&ed in QW-364 or QW-
36), as applica&le,
ma% &e retested under the following conditions#
QW-*'& I%%ediate Retest 5sing -isual E$a%ination&
When the quali+cation coupon has failed the 'isual examination of QW-362#4, retesting shall
&e &% 'isual examination &efore conducting the mechanical testing# When an immediate
retest is made, the welder or welding operator shall ma.e two consecuti'e test coupons for
each position which he has failed, all of which shall pass the 'isual examination
requirements# The examiner ma% select one of the successful test coupons from each set of
retest coupons which pass the 'isual examination for conducting the mechanical testing#