/ 1 : 2011

SS7

GSM

Diode

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:

:
:

. Bandwidth
:
ISDN
. Mobile
:
Error
.

.

: Source

transmitter
).(modulation
: Transmission Medium

)(WIRED ).(WIRELESS
: Destination
receiver

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% 17



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Analog
.
Continous


.. .
.
Digital
.
Discrete

.
.1 0

:

Noise


.

.

Bandwidth


.



Security and Authentication .


SS7
PTNs


.
SS7
:
( services switching points (SSPs
( signal transfer Points (STPs
( service control points (SCPs


.

56Kbps 65

( Message Transfer Part ( MTP
3
) ) level 1,2 and 3

Integrated services Digital
Network User
Signaling Connection
) Control Part ( SCCP
Transmission
) Capabilities Application Part ( TCAP

Global System for Mobile

Communications

.







.




.
GSM MHz 900 MHz1800
KHz200 ) ) Digital

.
54MHz 95,
Uplink Downlink .

.

FDM ( Frequency division multiplexing ) 1

Carriers
carrier

Capacity
.
FDM

FDM

TDM ( Time division multiplexing ) 2

Channel time slots
time slot



.
8 20
8 Time slot

TDM
10

FDMA ( Freq. division multiple access ) 3

carriers FDM
carrier


.
Capacity .

TDMA ( Time division multiple access ) 4

Frames
time slotes
.
GSM

Channels Frames
time slots 8
time slot .

CDMA
OFDMA
.

11

1065
3
.

:
:

- :

50 100000

6300


.

20
.. 80
.

1828

12

Puplic Switching Telecomunication

Network
PSTN
( )



30
12-6


.

digital concentrator
8000
bit -8

-
-
.


loop



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.

13



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Hz 3000
Hz 400 Hz 3400

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14


( ) p ) ) n

.



.

forward biased



. reverse biased

p-type
n-type

Diode

semiconductor
p-type
n-type .

0.6
Si
0,3 .




.

15


.



.

L A

1 1.2

V = IR

R= L / A

LED
.

R
RC. t

Th Tc .

16

 :
-1 Carbon RES.


.

.

-2 wire-wound RES.



:
--- --- . .

:
-3 Thermistor

.

-4 Photoresistor
Cadmium
Sulfide
.

-5

Potentiometer
.

17

(
. )

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:
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:
-1 ( - )
-2 ( )
-3 .

18

-8

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(
) .



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-2
.
( - )
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-3
.
.

-4



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.
-5
.
-6
.
-7

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19

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