Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Part 1 – Introduction
________________
________________
opening remarks to catch reader’s ________________ ( )
________________ statement ( )
plan of development (recommended) ( )
________________
________________ (recommended) ( )
general closing remarks ( )
1
Nowadays, the Internet provides students with endless
information. 2 Therefore, some people think that traditional
secondary schools and teachers are no longer necessary. 3 I
disagree. 4 I think traditional secondary schools are irreplaceable
because of students’ inability to manage time well, the provision of
a desirable learning environment by the school and the importance
of students having direct interaction with teachers and schoolmates.
5
First of all, most students are not able to arrange their own time
properly without teachers’ help. 6 They are used to live with a
timetable during studying at schools. 7 Hence, they would most
probably feel lost without a timetable, and waste their time at last. 8
For instance, they may go to bed at night and not wake up until
afternoon. 9 They may also use more time for their leisure activities
such as playing online games and watching TV. 10 Moreover,
students will not know the length of time they should spend on each
topic. 11 Spending more unnecessary time in one area will be a
waste since it will affect the learning in other subjects.
12
Other than time management, an ideal learning environment is
also a good reason for keeping traditional secondary schools and
teachers. 13 It is no doubt that schools provide a good environment
with all-round facilities for students to study in. 14 Facilities like
laboratories are provided in schools and these are necessary for
studying, especially for science students. 15 Students can only use
these resources when they are under close supervision of
experienced people. 16 Without the help of these people and the
chance to practice, students are necessary to provide a practical
learning environment to students.
17
What is more, direct teaching and interaction with peers are
highly important to students. 18 I believe that most of us have ever
23
In conclusion, as we know students need guidance on time
management, a school environment and face-to-face interaction
with teachers and schoolmates, the Internet can only be a useful
tool but not a substitute for traditional secondary schools. (398
words)
Nowadays, social interaction via the Internet is very popular. More and
more people spend lots of time on the Internet. Some of them even
believe surfing on the Internet has become their essential habit. In other
words, they feel they cannot live without it. In fact, how many pluses and
minuses of social interaction via the Internet do they know? If they know a
lot, have they ever thought more deeply about them? So, they should
realize both of them first.
When it comes to the advantages, the first one is that people can easily
make new friends. Nowadays, many people from various countries usually
do plenty of things on the Internet, for example chatting, playing online
games, documenting their lives in weblogs, reading and commenting on
others’ weblogs. Furthermore, some webs provide numerous chatrooms as
communicative platforms. In these chatrooms, people can opt for others
who may have the same hobbies or similar personalities and chat
whatever they like. By chatting with each other, they can know more
about their new friends.
The second one is providing great convenience. In the past, people mainly
sent letters or talked on the phone to keep contact with their friends. But
these two methods are not convenient. Now, with advanced software,
people can make new friends conveniently. For instance, they can chat
with others whenever they like with MSN or ICQ, as well as make personal
weblogs so that other people can know more about one another.
Social interaction via the Internet has many advantages, such as ease to
make new friends and convenience. However, they should consider the
disadvantages as well.
Other than that, personal information can be stolen and used in crimes.
Many users, in particular teenagers, like posting their own photos and
their personal details on their weblogs so as to let others know more about
themselves and desire to make friends with them. Basically, these people
just want to share some special things with visitors and most of them have
never thought that other people may use their personal information to do
illegal things, such as stealing credit card passwords and making fake
identity cards. Therefore, posting personal information on the Internet can
be very dangerous.
All in all, social interaction via the Internet has both advantages and
disadvantages. From my point of view, using the Internet for social
interaction, which may lead to isolation and Internet crimes, should not
substitute for our real-life social interaction. So, to keep bad consequences
away from us, we had better not use the Internet for social interaction.
(522 words)
B. Transitional words
1. addition signals: first of all, ________________, lastly…
2. time signals: first, ________________, after, before…
3. space signals: next to, on the ________________ side, below…
4. change-of-direction signals: but, however, in ________________, on
the contrary
5. illustration signals: for example, ________________ as, as an
illustration…
6. conclusion signals: therefore, as a ________________, to conclude…
C. Transitional Sentences
Practice:
Revising Sentences
A. Use parallelism
By balancing the items in a sentence so that they have the same
kind of structure, you will make the sentence clearer and easier to
read. See examples in the following table.
F. Vary sentences
One part of effective writing is to vary the kinds of sentences you
Proofreading
You should remember to look for and correct mistakes in grammar,
punctuation, usage and _____________ before you submit your essay.
2. Second-person approach
The writer speaks directly to the reader, using the pronoun
_____________. This approach is appropriate for giving direct
instructions and explanations to the reader. Otherwise, in
3. Third-person approach
In the third person, the writer includes no direct references to
the reader (you) or the self (I). Third person gets its name from
the stance it suggests – that of an outsider or “third person”
observing and reporting on matters of _____________ rather
than private importance. You should use pronouns like they.
Writing Argumentative Essays
Five strategies you can use to help win over readers whose
viewpoint may differ from yours:
A. Use tactful, courteous language
It is important not to make readers angry by referring to them or
their opinions in rude terms. Don’t use sweeping statements like
“Everybody knows that…” Also, keep the focus on the issue you
are discussing, not on the _____________ involved in the debate.
Don’t write, “My opponents say that online dating…” Instead,
write, “Supporters of online dating say that …” Terms like “my
opponents” imply that the argument is between you and anyone
who disagrees with you.