No.

Name

Staphylococcus Aures

Streptococcus Pyogens

Pneumococcus

Shape n
arrangement

Spherical , grapes
like cluster

Round or oval; in
chains

Lanceolate
diplococci

Meningococcus

Oval/Sperical, in
pairs; intracellular

Gonococcus

Small,kidney
shaped, in pairs;
intracellular

Corynebacterium
Diptheria ( Klebs
Loeffler Bacillus)

Slending rods,
clubbed at both
ens; Chinese letter
pattern

Pseudomonas
Aeruginosa

H. Influenza

Gram Stain

+ve

+ve

+ve

-ve

-ve

+ve

Slender

-ve

Pleomorphic

-ve, selective
stain, Loffler
methyle blue,
dilute carbol
fuchsin

Sporing n motility

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-sporing, motile
ny flagellum

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Capsule

Non-capsulated

Some are
capsulated;
GrpA&Chyaluronate;
GrpB&Dpolysaccharide

aerobic/anaerobic+
Growth Req

aerobic

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe, require
enriched media

Selective media

Nutrient-Golden yellow,
Nutrient slope- oil paint appearance,
Ludlan's medium, K Tellurite, Slat
Blood agar- -hemolysis,
milk agar, mannitol salt agar
Mac-conkey-pink by lactose ferment

Blood agar- circular, semitransperent,

convex haemolysis;
virulent- matt/fine granular,
avirulent-glossy,
capsule-mucoid

Blood agar
aerobic--haemolysis- initial dome
shaped due to capsule aggre, later
draughtsman or carrom coin appera
anaerobic-haemolysis due to O2
labile haemolysin

Biochemical- OC

Pathogenicity/Disease

Toxins/Virulance Factors

Treatment

MR,VP,Urease,Hyal
uronidase +ve
Indole-ve Ferment
all sugar with acid
and no gas

Localized Pyogenic Infection + Intoxification

Virulence Factor =>

1. Cell assoc polysacc-Cell wall polysacc, Telchoic Acid.
Capsular polysacc
2. Cell surface pr.- Pr.A, Clumping factr
3. Extracellular Enzyme- Coagulase, Lipase, Nuclease,
hyaluronidase
Toxins =>
1. Cytotoxins-, , , haemolysin, leucocidin
2. Enterotoxin A-H
3. TSST- enterotoxin F
4. Exfoliative toxin

Benzyl Penicillin ->

Methicillin ->
Vancomycin ->
Linezolid

GrpA- PYRase test n

Bacitracin test +ve ;
ferment all sugaracid + no gas

Suppurative infection
o Respiratory infectionpharyngitis,tonsillitis,throat soar,etc
o Skin&soft tissue inf.-Impetigo&Ersipelas
o Genital Infection-Puerperal Sepsis
Non-Suppurative infection
o Acute Rheumatic Fever
o Acute Glomerularnephritis

Streptolysin O&S; Streptokinase; DNAase, hyaluronidase;

NADase

PnG ->
Erythromycin

OC-ve

Ferment inulin and

they are bile
solubility test +ve

1. single most cause of pneumonia & otitis

media in child;
2. Pneumoniaa. lobar pneumonia-if defence mechenism is
suppresed,
b. bronchopneumonia- secondary to other
infection
3. Meningitis- secondary to other infection
4. Otits media and sinusitis

Pneumolysin and capsules

[Severe=PnG ;
Mild=Amoxycillin ] > 3G ->
Vancomycin

Ferment
Glucose+Maltose acid and no gas

Capsular Polysaccharide

PnG

Pilli

3G+Azithromycin
/3G+Doxycycline

Diptheria toxins

Antitoxin+Erythrom
ycin

Main is Exotoxin A; Others- proteases, elastases,

haemolysin and enterotoxin

AG +
Antipseudomonal
BetaLactum

C+ve O-ve

C-ve O+ve

CapsulaetdPolysaccharide

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe, require
enriched media

Non-capsulated

Blood agar- small, translucent, convex,

Aerobic, growth in
Mullar-Hinton; Modified-Thayerbluish gray colonies + smooth
enriched media
Martin media
glistering surface

OC+ve

Non-capsulated

Aerobic but can

also grow
Acute- Blood/Chocolate agar; Chronicanaerobically, 5Modified Thayer Martin media
10% CO2 essential

Stuat's transport media

OC+ve

Loefflers slopesmall,circular,white creamy,

opaque
Blood tellurite agar- black

C+ve O-ve

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe,
fastidious

Blood agar

Some strain
contain slime
layer

Obligate aerobe

1. Ordinary media- large, opaque,

irregular with musty/earthy smell
2. Nutrient agar- iridescent patches
with metallic sheen
3. MacConkey- non-lactose
4. Blood agar- many strains are
haemolytic
5. Broth- dense turbidity with surface
pellicle

Non-capsulated

Fastidious- req
Factor X+V in
blood; also
anaerobic

Non-capsulated

E. Coli

Straight rod,
single/pairs

-ve

Non-sporing, motile
with peritrichate
flagella

Capsulated

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe, Non
fastidious

10

Shigella dysentery

Straight rod,
single/pairs

-ve

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

Non-capsulated

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe

Salmonella typhi

Rods,
single/grps/pairs

-ve

Non-sporing, motile
with peritrichate
flagella

Non-capsulated

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe

11

By- Dr. Sanket

Cultural Characteristics

Blood agar- scanty growth, so

satellitism done

Hugh and leifson's media,

cetrimide agar

Boiled blood agar, Levinthal m,

Fildes agar

Inhibited in selective mediaBlood agar- Haemolytic; MacConkeyDCA, SS m used for Salmonella n

pink colony
Shigella

Cerebrospinal Meningitis
Meningococcemia
o Acute
o Fulminant( Waterhouse Friedrichson
Syndrome)
Gonorrhea
Acute Gonococcal Urethritis
Ferment Glucose Male mucopurulant
acid and no gas;
discharge+abscesses+multiple sinus+watercan
Rapid Carbo Utiliz
perineum
Test +ve
Female- cervicitis+Fitz-Hugh-Crurtis
Syndrome

Ferment
Glucose+Maltose acid and no gas

Diptharia

OC+ve

Blue pus, cystic fibrosis, suppurative otitis in

Arginine
community, localized & generalized infection,
dihydrolase test +ve
inf after catheter, most common inf after
burns

OC+ve

Ferment Glu,
Xylose, not
lact,sucrose,mannit
ol; Nitrate+ve

1. Invasive- meningitis, pneumonia,

pericarditis
2. Non-invasive- otitis media, sinusitis,
exacerbation of COPD, brochiectasis

1. Capsular polysacc
2. Outer memb pr
3. Lipo-oligosacc

Cefotaxime/Ceftazi
dime

IMViC ++-C+ve O-ve

Ferment all sugar

except sucrose,
TTC+ve, GriessNitrite test+ve

1. Normal Commensals
2. Diarrhea(EPEC, ETEC, EIEC, EHEC, EAEC)
3. UTI
4. Abd pain
5. Meningitis & septicemia

1. Surface Ag- O, K, H, Fimbrial Ag

2. Toxin- Haemolysin, Enterotoxin- 1. Heat labile(LT), 2.
Heat stable(ST), 3. Verotoxin(Shiga like)

Amoxi, 3G, cipro,

cotri, AG

Ferment glucose,
not mannitol

Bacillary Dysentry, Shigellosis

Shiga toxin

No AMA treatment,
oral rehydration for
acute

1. Enteric Fever
2. Septicemia
3. Gasteroenteritis(Food poisoning)

1. Falgellar Ag
2. Somatic Ag(Bovin Ag)
3. Surface Ag Vi

Cipro, Ceftriaxone

DCA agar, S-S agar; Transport

C- type1 -ve rest
MacConkey- no change(ex. Sh. Sonnei) media- Sach's buffered gylcerol +ve O-ve
IMViC
medium
-+-1. Ordinary m- larege circular convex
smooth
2. MacConkey, DCA- colorless

Biochemical other

1. Wilson Blair- black colonies

C+ve O-ve
IMViC
2. Selenite broth+ Tetrethinate
-+-broth

By- Dr. Sanket

No.

Name

Shape n
arrangement

12

Yersina

Short, ovoid with

rounded ends safety pin
appearance

13

Klebsiella

Short, plump,
straight rod

14

15

Proteus Bacilli

Vibrio Cholera

Any shape

Comma shaped,
highly
pleomorphic

Gram Stain

Sporing n motility

-ve

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

-ve

Non-sporing ,nonmotile

-ve

Non-sporing &
swarming motility

-ve

Capsule

aerobic/anaerobic+
Growth Req

Cultural Characteristics

1. Nutrient broth- flocculent growth at

bottom & sides of tube
2. When grown in flask of browth with
aerobic and
butter or oil on top(ghee broth) facultative
contain slim layer
stalactile growth
anaerobe, require
3. Nutrient agar small translucent
enriched media
colony
4. Blood agar- -haemolysis
5. MacConkey- colorless
Capsulated

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe

Non-capsulated

aerobic and
facultative
anaerobe

MacConkey- Smooth colorless colonies

Facultative
anaerobe

1. Ordinary m- moist translucent

2. Nutrient m- Colorless, prolong
incu=red
3. Blood- initial green, later colorless
4. Gelatin swab- Funnel/napiform
shape liquef

Spore- variable, motile

Non-capsulated
by polar flagella

Ordinary media- large dome , mucoid

colonies

Selective media

Biochemical- OC

Biochemical other

Pathogenicity/Disease

Toxins/Virulance Factors

Plaque
1. Bubonic-lymphatic spread
2. Pneumonic-spread via droplet infection
3. Septicemic- primary or secondary to
bubonic

1. F-I heat labile protein envelop Ag

2. V-W Ag
3. Toxins
a. Lipopolysaccharide endotoxin
b. Protein exotoxin+endotoxin-murine toxin
4. Bacitracin, coagulase, fibrinolysin

Treatment

IMViC --+- Glucose,

C+ve O-ve
IMViC maltose, mannitol-+-ferment with acid &
no gas urease -ve

C+ve O-ve
IMViC
--++

Urease+ , Ferment
glucose, lactose,
sucrose, mannitol

Nosocomal Infection, Pneumonia, UTI,

pyogenic infection, septicemia, meningitis

Cotimoxazole, TC
3G

C+ve O-ve
IMViC
P.Mirabilis -+-+
P.Vulgaris ++--

IMViC P.Mirabilis -+-P.Vulgaris ++--

Oppurtunistic Infection for UTI & sepsis, often

nosocomal

Cipro, Cotri

Cholera toxin

1st- Oral fluid, glu,

electro administ
2nd- oral TC

Transport media- VR m, Carry

Blair m, Autoclaved sea water,
Bile peptone m, Enrichment mOC+ve
IMViC
Alkaline peptone water,
+-++
Mouser's m Planking m.Alkaline bile salt, TCBS, BSA,
GTTA

I, VP, Urease -ve

Cholera

CPL/Doxycycline/St
reptomycin