TATA Indoor Presentation

1 NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.
PPT/ DATE / NN
In-Building Planning
Pradeep Narayan
Senior Radio Network Planner
NOKIA INDIA
2 NOKIA 1999 FILENAMs.PPT/ DATE / NN
Topics
In-Building Solution Proposal
Planning
Measurement
Implementation
Optimising In-Building Solution
In-Building Acceptance Testing
RF Requirements RF Requirements
Quality of Service
Customer requirement : >= -80dBm @ 95% location probability
Server from In-Building Solution in dedicated mode >= 90%
Call Set-up Success Rate >= 98%
Drop Call Rate < 2%
DL RxQual 0-2 > 90%
DL RXQual 0-4 > 95%
Spillage level < -85dBm in-car, on the street @ 90%location probability
Indoor Freq. Reservations in diffrerent parts of the city
Parameter settings
Resources Resources
Measurement
Engineer
Radio Network
Planner
Subcontractor Installation supervisor
Installation Planner
Customers Radio
Network Planner
Customers Site
Acquisition
Team
Process
Process
Flow
Flow
In-Building Roll-Out In-Building Roll-Out
Pre-Survey
Coverage
requirement
discussion with
Customers RNP
Survey
Detailed RF Design
1. Power Budget
2. System Diagram
3. Coverage Plan
4. Antenna location in pictures
5. Antenna location on floor plan
submit
1. Install. Planng. Proposal
2. ACAD drawing
3. Material list
Proposal submission
Implementation
Indoor solution requirement
confirmation with survey
schedule from Customer
Floor plan
Discuss installation
issues on System
Design with Installation
Planner
Discuss solution
with Customers
RNP
Compilation
Site
Acquisition
Site Acceptance Test
1. Antenna Line
Acceptance
2. BTS Acceptance
Transmission Integration Optimization
RF
Acceptance
RNP RNP Report Report
Solution description
Coverage plan
System diagram
Power budget calculation
Proposed antenna locations photographs
System layout on floor plan
Measurement result
RNP Report
RNP Report
Solution Description Solution Description
Overview
Network Solution Passive Coaxial and Antenna Distribution
Coverage Plan -> Target Coverage Area
How many levels, basement carpark, lift lobby, toilets, staff areas etc.
Antenna Network Configuration
How many antennas (omni, panel) and Leaky Co-aXial cables (LCX)
BTS Accommodation
Type of BTS (Flexitalk, Flexitalk+, Intratalk, Citytalk or Metrosite)
BTS location (which level?)
BTS Configuration (esp. Intra:1+1+1 or 1+1?)
Electrical Power
Flexi : 20A single phase
City/Intra : 20A 3-phase or 50A single-phase
RF Transmission Techniques
RF Transmission Techniques
vDistributed Antennas
wPassive distribution
wActive - with amplifiers
vLeaky Coax
wCoupling Loss
wAttenuation over distance
vFibre Optic Antennas
wOutput Power
wU/L Noise
Passive Antennas
Passive Antennas
vUse RF couplers for asymmetrical power splits
wavailable in the following common coupling factors:
w-3dB, -6dB, -10dB, -15dB, -20dB
vDesign to have similar total distribution and coupling loss
to each antenna
vBest to minimize coax length
-10dB
I/P=0dB
-0.5dB
Distributed Antenna Structure
Distributed Antenna Structure
vMinimize coax length!
vAn example:
vGood design minimizes losses!
vLower power for same output
L=-10dB
+10dB
+10dB
+21dBm
-10dB
L=-5dB
+10dB +10dB
+18dBm
-3dB
L=-5dB
-3dB
End Fed:
Center Fed:
Leaky Coax
Leaky Coax
vCoupling loss
wdepends on installation, environment, proximity of metal
wnot like in the cable specifications!
wcoupling losses can be big
vMulti systems will require separate TX and RX cables
wcritical in active systems
vInstallation is key to system performance
vBig installations that rely on small design margins absolutely
need careful design using measured cable attenuation and
coupling factors valid for the actual installation
Fibre Optic Equipment
Fibre Optic Equipment
vActive equipment (over priced with poor performance)
wOutput power low, linear amp, limited channel capacity
wNot suitable to transmit into air (Intermods!)
wUplink noise figure high (up to 20dB) - means that its
unsuitable for combining more than a few together
vMaybe suitable for single operator in few applications - (the toy
stuff, fibre optic antennas)
vNeed custom made equipment for special or multi-operator &
multi-system operation (tunnels & MTR system)
RNP Report
RNP Report
Coverage Plan Coverage Plan
Level 1 Floor Plan
To be covered by outdoor cell
Indoor cell coverage area
RNP Report
RNP Report
System Diagram System Diagram
RNP Report
RNP Report
Power Budget Power Budget
A n t e n n a A - B 2 - 1 A - B 2 - 2 A - B 2 - 3 A - B 1 - 1 A - B 1 - 2 A - B 1 - 3 A - B 1 - 4 A - L 1 - 1 A - L 1 - 2 A - L 1 - 3 A - L 2 - 1 A - L 2 - 2 A - L 2 - 3
C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m ) 3 3 1 0 1 0 1 0
C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m ) 1 1
C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m )
C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m )
C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( m )
T o t a l C a b l e l e n g t h 1 / 2 " ( 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 4 3 1 0 1 0 1 1
T o t a l C a b l e l o s s 1 / 2 " ( d B 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 0 . 0 - 0 . 4 - 0 . 3 - 1 . 1 - 1 . 1 - 1 . 2
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5 2 5
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 2 0 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1 2
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 6 8 6 8 6 8 6 0 6 0 6 0 6 0 2 9 2 9 2 9 2 2 2 2 2 2
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 4 8 2 0 4 2 6 6 4 0 2 6 2 6 3 0 6 2 3 3 3 4
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m ) 1 0 3 6
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m )
C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( m )
T o t a l C a b l e l e n g t h 7 / 8 " ( 1 6 1 1 3 3 1 5 5 1 7 1 1 4 5 1 4 1 1 6 7 5 9 2 9 9 1 5 9 9 2 9 3
T o t a l C a b l e l o s s 7 / 8 " ( d B - 9 . 5 - 7 . 8 - 9 . 1 - 1 0 . 1 - 8 . 5 - 8 . 3 - 9 . 8 - 3 . 5 - 1 . 7 - 5 . 4 - 3 . 5 - 5 . 4 - 5 . 5
T o t a l c a b l e l o s s ( d B ) - 9 . 5 - 7 . 8 - 9 . 1 - 1 0 . 1 - 8 . 5 - 8 . 3 - 9 . 8 - 3 . 5 - 2 . 1 - 5 . 7 - 4 . 5 - 6 . 5 - 6 . 6
J u m p e r L o s s ( d B ) - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0 - 1 . 0 0
C o u p l e r 6 d B ( c o u p l i n g ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0
C o u p l e r 6 d B ( t h r u ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 0
C o u p l e r 8 d B ( c o u p l i n g ) 1 . 0 0
C o u p l e r 8 d B ( t h r u )
C o u p l e r 1 0 d B ( c o u p l i n g ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0
C o u p l e r 1 0 d B ( t h r u ) 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 0
C o u p l e r 1 3 d B ( c o u p l i n g )
C o u p l e r 1 3 d B ( t h r u )
C o u p l e r 1 5 d B ( t h r u )
C o u p l e r 2 0 d B ( t h r u )
T o t a l C o u p l e r L o s s - 6 . 3 5 - 6 . 3 5 - 6 . 3 5 - 1 . 7 0 - 1 . 7 0 - 8 . 0 5 - 3 . 4 0 - 1 0 . 3 5 - 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 1 . 3 0 - 1 2 . 2 5 - 1 1 . 2 0
S p l i t t e r 2 w a y 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0
S p l i t t e r 3 w a y 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0 1 . 0 0
S p l i t t e r 4 w a y
T o t a l S p l i t t e r L o s s - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 1 0 . 1 0 - 8 . 3 0 - 8 . 3 0 - 8 . 3 0 - 5 . 0 5 - 5 . 0 5 - 5 . 0 5
B T S r a c k t o p p o w e r ( d B 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0 3 6 . 0 0
A n t e n n a G a i n ( d B i ) 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0 2 . 0 0
A n t e n n a EI R P ( d B m ) 1 1 . 1 1 2 . 7 1 1 . 4 1 5 . 1 1 6 . 7 1 0 . 6 1 3 . 7 1 4 . 9 1 5 . 3 1 1 . 7 1 6 . 1 1 3 . 2 1 4 . 1
B T S R e c e i v e d L e v e l ( d B m - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0 - 8 6 . 0
A n t e n n a A - B 2 - 1 A - B 2 - 2 A - B 2 - 3 A - B 1 - 1 A - B 1 - 2 A - B 1 - 3 A - B 1 - 4 A - L 1 - 1 A - L 1 - 2 A - L 1 - 3 A - L 2 - 1 A - L 2 - 2 A - L 2 - 3
RNP Report
RNP Report
Proposed Antenna Location Photographs Proposed Antenna Location Photographs
A-L1-3 (Above the information counter)
Antenna type 1
Antenna type 2
A-L3-1 (On the side wall of shop no. 03-36)
RNP Report
RNP Report
Antenna System Layout on Floor Plan Antenna System Layout on Floor Plan
RNP Report
RNP Report
Measurement Results Measurement Results
Measurement Procedures (TEMS Light)
Lock on to transmitting channel
Walk slowly (1 sample per second)
Measure and mark walking route on floor plan
Draw conclusion from measurement and decide antenna location & ERP!!
Antenna Location
Pre-survey (0.5 day)
Survey + Measurement (1 day for average-sized building)
System diagram, antenna location on the floor plan, system description,
power budget (3 days)
IP report, material list and ACAD drawing (4 days)
Compilation of the proposal (1 day)
Update of As-built System Diagram, Power Budget & Floor Plan (usu. 1 day)
Note: Total about 10 days but the actual average is 14 days
Planning
Planning
Lead Time Lead Time
Planning
Planning
Component Specifications Component Specifications
Radiating Cable
Power Splitters
Br and Code Component Coupled Por t Thr u por t
Loss (dB) Loss (dB)
ARGUS CJS6W Ar gus 6 dB coupler (100W) 6.50 1.50
ARGUS CJS8W Ar gus 8 dB coupler (100W) 8.5 1
NK Feeder 900 MHz (dB/100m) 1800 MHz(dB/100m) 1800 MHz(dB/100m)
normal superflex
1/2" 7.13 10.56 15.59
7/8" 3.95 5.90 7.29
1 1/4" 2.87 4.36 -
1 5/8" 2.37 3.65 -
Brand Code Component Loss (dB)
KATHREIN 737303 Kathrein 2 way splitter (200W) 3.5
C a b le ty p e 5 0 % c o u p lin g lo s s 9 5 % c o u p lin g lo s Atte n u a tio n
d B d B d B /1 0 0 m
1 /2 " R F X 7 8 8 8 1 2 .9
7 /8 " R F X 7 6 8 7 7 .5
7 /8 " R F X T 7 0 8 0 8 .0
7 /8 " R F 2 X 7 2 8 2 9 .0
RF Cable
Couplers
Antenna type Gain Horizontal beamwidth Vertical beamwidth
dBi Degrees Degrees
Antel IOA 890/1710 2.1 360 90
Katherein 736935 8 90 65
Antenna
Omni Antennas
Omni Antennas
Antel Omnidirectional
antenna
Gain 2.1dBi
360 deg.
Dimensions 205*67mm
N-female connector
Kathrein 737602 omnidirectional
antenna
Gain 2 dBi
360 deg.
Dimensions 200*70*110mm
N-female connector
Symbol in
system
diagram
Directional Antenna
Directional Antenna
Kathrein 736395 directional
antenna
Gain 8 dBi
90 deg.
Dimensions 290*105*30mm
N-female connector with 1m
RG58/CU tail cable
Symbol in
system
diagram
Splitters
Splitters
2-Way
3-Way
4-Way
Symbol in
system
diagram
Symbol in
system
diagram
Symbol in
system
diagram
N-female
connectors
Outputs
Input
Mounting
bracket
Couplers
Couplers
Available following models:
6dB, 8dB, 10dB, 13dB, 15dB, 20dB and 30dB.
Symbol in
system
diagram
6dB
Terminator & Adaptor
Terminator & Adaptor
1 W/50ohm. Power Terminator
with N-female connector
Terminator of leaky cable
Symbol in
system
diagram
N-male / N-female right angle adaptor
Feeders
Feeders
Symbol in
system
diagram
1/2"
7/8"
1-1/4"
RFF 1/2"
Super Flex
RFX 1/2"
Leaky Cable
RFX 7/8"
Leaky Cable
Hole
RF 7/8"
Feeder Cable
Installation instructions
Installation instructions
Hello !
Example 1
Example 1
Coupler to Coupler 2 Couplers and 2 Splitters together
Example 2
Example 2
Installation in Carpark area
(Omni directional antenna)
Example 3
Example 3
Front view Back view
Installation in car park area
(Directional antenna)
Measurement
Measurement
Tools Tools
TEMS Light for propagation testing (TEMS Transmitter, Panel & Co-linear test antennas,
tripod support, cables, Fujitsu touch-screen PC & pen)
In-Building Acceptance
In-Building Acceptance
Testing
Testing
5 Essential Measurements Done
Coverage: walk-test inside building based on planned indoor coverage
Handover:
Building entrances (3 successful HO per entrance, walking)
Carpark entrances (3 successful HO per entrance, driving)
Spillage: Main/busy streets surrounding building
Idle Mode: Yes/No criteria if mobile camps onto indoor
IMSI Tracing: Obtain UL RXLev & Quality results
Tools
NIB (for measurements on site)
SAM (for QSR, DCR, HOSR, CSSR, DL_RXQual)
Acceptance Report Summary
1. Acceptance Report Summary
Signal strength inside building from indoor system >= -80dBm 99.66%(>95%)
DL RX quality 0-2 99.1%(>90%)
DL RX quality 0-4 99.7%(>95%)
Call set-up success rate 100%(>98%)
Drop call rate 0%(<2%)
HO success rate 100%(>98%)
UL RxLev >= -90dBm 96.82%(90%)
UL RxQual better than 2 98.61%(90%)
UL RxQual better than 4 99.19%(95%)

Acceptance Report Summary - HO Report
HO Report In -> Out
HO Report Out -> In
HO between 'outdoor cell and indoor cell' was successful as follow (3 times every entrance)
Outdoor Indoor Remark
Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location Cell ID Channel BSIC
RxLev
Location
10331 705 22 -70
See ref. 1
26041 729 58 -75
See ref. 1
HO ok
10331 727 22 -68
See ref. 1
26041 729 58 -78
See ref. 1
HO ok
10331 727 22 -70
See ref. 1
26041 729 58 -78
See ref. 1
HO ok
HO between 'indoor cell and outdoor cell' was successful as follow (3 times every entrance).
Indoor Outdoor Remark
Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location
26041 729 58 -82
See ref. 1
10331 705 22 -65
See ref. 1
HO ok
26041 729 58 -84
See ref. 1
10331 727 22 -66
See ref. 1
HO ok
26041 729 58 -87
See ref. 1
10331 727 22 -71
See ref. 1
HO ok
Acceptance Report Summary - HO Report
HO Report In -> In
HO between 'indoor cell and outdoor cell' was successful as follow (3 times every entrance).
Indoor Outdoor Remark
Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location Cell ID Channel BSIC RxLev Location
26041 729 58 -82
See ref. 1
10331 705 22 -65
See ref. 1
HO ok
26041 729 58 -84
See ref. 1
10331 727 22 -66
See ref. 1
HO ok
26041 729 58 -87
See ref. 1
10331 727 22 -71
See ref. 1
HO ok
Acceptance Report Summary - Handover Ref. Points
Ref. 1
Ref. 2
Ref. 3
Ref. 4
Acceptance Report Summary - Spillage Report
Spillage report
Measure by driving on the main street near-by the building
Signal from indoor system not higher than -85dBm %(>90%)
Mobile always camp on outdoor system in dedicated mode Yes
Mobile always camp on outdoor system in idle mode Yes
Acceptance Report Summary - Spillage Plot
DL RxLev Plot on Floor Plans
7/8 RFXT 7/8" RFX
Transmitting power 8 dBm
15 m
Measurement results
cabels
cabels
With RFXT the coverage is stil quite good in 20 m away from the cabel
With RFX the coverage is already quite limited, 10-15 meters away
Adjacencies Defined
Adjacencies defined at the Parameter Database
S/N Adjacencies Cell ID
1 10321 (outdoor cell)
6 20323 (indoor cell)
7 20322 (indoor cell)
Planning
Planning
Experience
Experience
Lead Time Lead Time
Pre-survey (0.5 day)
Survey + Measurement (1 day for average-sized building)
System diagram, antenna location on the floor plan, system description,
power budget (3 days)
IP report, material list and ACAD drawing (4 days)
Compilation of the proposal (1 day)
Update of As-built System Diagram, Power Budget & Floor Plan (usu. 1 day)
Note: Total about 10 days but the actual average is 14 days
Planning Experience
Planning Experience
What Went Wrong - Time Buster What Went Wrong - Time Buster
BTS Location Change
Due to building owner's decision
After Indoor Solution Design is done -> Re-Design!!
Unforseen, sometimes dependent on Site Acquisition relationship with
Building Owner
Cable Routing Changes
Due to inaccessibility of risers, certain parts of the ceiling (eg. aircon duct),
renovation etc.
Re-design!!
Planning Experience
Planning Experience
Planning for "First Time Right" Planning for "First Time Right"
Coverage Criteria & Planning
Coverage area and criteria MUST be clearly defined
eg. -80 dBm @95% location probability
eg. Airport, Convention Centre, large shopping malls
Design must not be too optimistic, do not be afraid to add antenna & justify
it thru' measurement plots
Always first decide how much area you want to cover
Predict the ERP required (Don't waste power!)
Measurement to verify
Planning Experience
Planning Experience
Planning for "First Time Right" Planning for "First Time Right"
RF component location
install inside riser or near ceiling access hole - for pain-free Trouble-
Shooting
Antenna Location
Install near ceiling access hole for ease of installation
Of course, general aesthetic consideration for bldg.
Multi-Sector BTS
Sectorise the building to minimise handover - cause for failure and
interference due to improper/sometimes difficult frequency planning
Optimisation Experience
Budget Time Bomb! Budget Time Bomb!
Planning, Installation issues not properly handled will result in extra,
unforseen amount of project spending during Optimisation!!
Poor Coverage Poor Coverage
Poor Coverage in some areas - Common Causes
Open connection
antenna, coupler, splitter port
Coupler
coupled port/thru port reversed
input port/thru port reversed
Poor design
miscalculated distribution loss - esp. large buildings
RNP too optimistic
Poor Coverage Poor Coverage
Solution to Poor Coverage Due to Design:
Increase output power of the BTS (free!!, change at NMS)
Change coupler values ($, subcon required)
shift antenna location ($$, subcon required)
add antennas ($$, subcon required)
Spillage Spillage
Spillage:
caused by antennas too close to building edge & radiating excessively
Solution
Change coupler values
shift antenna location ($$, subcon required)
add attenuators ($, subcon required)
* Solution sometimes leads to poor coverage, very tricky
Quality Quality
Poor Quality
co-channel interference from another indoor or outdoor site
adjacent interference between different sectors of same BTS
hardware fault
Solution:
The need for good Freq Planning:
esp. City Centre (lots of high-rise buildings in close proximity)
Co-ordinate with outdoor freq planning to avoid adjacent channel
ParameterSettings
Idle Mode- Cell reselction Parameters
Use C2 reselection instead of C1 for Indoor users to remain camped on to theindoor
cell
Use Double BA list in IdleMode for nearby Macro cells
Dedicated Mode - Handover parameters
Gateway Cells - No pbdgt handovers to macro cells except macro cells (except Rx
qual HO's).
Umbrella handovers - Incoming handovers only to Gateway cells.
Pbdgt Handovers between indoor Cells - faster power budget periods to reduce
drops in handovers.
Locating antennas near elevator shafts for smooth handovers.
Freq. Allocation
Dedicated frequencies- staggered
Indentifying Freqs. for upper levels using BA list

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