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Surat.
Seminar Report
7th Semester
BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY
Certificate
This is to certify that Ms. Freny Singhvi Exam Seat Number 000074 has
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VN South Gujarat University, Surat
INDEX
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What is BIOMETRICS?
BIOMETRICS refers to the automatic identification of a
person based on his physiological / behavioral
characteristics .
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Uniqueness.
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Biometrics are used for:
IDENTIFICATION
VERIFICATION (AUTHENTICATION)
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Typology of Biometrics
There are two types of biometrics :-
PHYSICAL BIOMETRICS
BEHAVIORAL BIOMETRICS
Physical biometrics
A physiological characteristic is a relatively stable physical
feature such as finger print, hand silhouette , iris
pattern or facial features. These factors are basically
unalterable with out trauma to the individual.
Behavioral Biometrics
A behavioral tract, on the other hand, has some
physiological basis, but also reflects person’s physiological
makeup. The most common trait used in identification is a
person’s signature. Other behaviours used include a
person’s keyboard typing and speech patterns.
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sample capture
feature extraction
template comparison and
matching.
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Fingerprint Recognition
Iris Scanning
Retinal Scanning
Hand Geometry
Face Recognition
Fingerprint Recognition
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Step 1:
Finger is scanned and viewed by the System’s
access unit at the point of entry.
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Step 2:
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Step 3:
System develops a grid of intersection points (minutia points) from
the swirls and arcs of the scanned finger.
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Step 4:
The image is discarded from the record and is no longer available
to the system or any operator.
Only a “Template remains that indicates the intersection points.
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BIOMETRIC TECHNOLOGY
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Step 5:
In fact, all that the system stores and recognizes for each individual
is a set of numbers that can only be interpreted as a template.
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Advantages:
Disadvantages:
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Iris Scanning
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The iris of the eye has a unique pattern, from eye to eye and
person to person.
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An iris scan will analyze over 200 points of the iris, such as
rings,
furrows,
freckles,
the corona
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To prevent an image / photo of the iris from being used
instead of a real "live" eye, iris scanning systems will vary
the light and check that the pupil dilates or contracts.
Advantages
Highly accurate: There is no known case of a false
acceptance for iris recognition .
Not intrusive and hygienic - no physical contact required .
Disadvantages:
The user must hold still while the scan is taking place .
Relatively high expense of the system as compared to other
biometric technologies.
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Retinal Scanning
The blood vessels on the retina, at the back of the eye have a
unique pattern, from eye to eye and person to person.
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This information is stored as small data templates which
provides quick identity confirmations, and handles well the
job of recognizing individuals in a database at the time
of matching.
Advantages
Low occurrence of false negatives
Highly reliable because no two people have the same retinal
pattern
Speedy results: Identity of the subject is verified very
quickly.
Disadvantages
Measurement accuracy can be affected by diseases such as
cataracts and glaucoma.
High equipment costs.
Poor lighting can affect results.
Enrollment and scanning are intrusive and slow
Hand Geometry
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Principles of hand biometrics
An individual's hand does not significantly change after a
certain age.
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The user places the palm of his or her hand on the reader's
surface and aligns his or her hand with the guidance pegs
which indicate the proper location of the fingers .
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Advantages
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Easy to use .
Non intrusive .
Small amount of data required to uniquely identify a user, so
a large number of templates can be easily stored in a
standalone device .
Disadvantages
Lack of accuracy .
Fairly expensive .
Injuries to hands are fairly common and would prevent the
hand biometric system from working properly .
Face recognition
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How face biometrics work?
At enrolment, several pictures are taken of the user's face,
with slightly different angles and facial expressions, to allow
for more accurate matching.
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Advantages:
Not intrusive .
No physical contact with system: can be done from a
distance.
Disadvantages:
User perceptions / civil liberty: Most people are not
comfortable with having their picture taken.
It is easy to change the proportion of one's face by wearing a
mask, a nose extension, etc.
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Voice Recognition
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Speech includes two components:
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VOICE PRINT
Advantages
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Disadvantages
Signature Recognition
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Advantages
It is extremely difficult to mimic the behavior of signing .
Low False Acceptance Rates (FAR).
Disadvantages
People may not always sign in a consistent manner.
Problems of long-term reliability.
Lack of accuracy.
Multimodal Biometrics
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Conclusion
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References
www.Biometricnewsportal.com
Google search
Biometric image description technology - David Zang.
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