UNIT-I

1. (a) What is the objective in economic load scheduling?

(b) A power system consists of two 120MW units whose input cost data is represented by the
equations:
C
1
= 0.004

+22

+800 Rs./hr.
C
2
= 0.03

+18

+1000 Rs./hr.
If the total received power is 200MW, determine the load sharing units for most economical
operation.
2. (a) Explain the various factors to be considered in allocating generation of different power
station for optimal operation?
(b) A power system with two generating units supplying a total load of 110 MW. The
incremental fuel cost characteristics of two units are
IC
1
= 15+0.08

IC
2
= 13+0.1

Determine the saving in fuel cost in Rs/hr due to economic scheduling as compared to equal
distribution of the same load between the two units. Neglect the losses.
3. (a) Derive the condition for economic scheduling of generators in a plant by excluding the
losses in the system?
(b) The incremental fuel costs in Rs/MWh for two units are given below:

= 0.01

+2.0

= 0.012

+1.6
The limits on the plants are

=20 MW,

=125 MW. Obtain the optimal schedule if the

load varies from 50 to 250 MW.
4. (a) Describe the curves pertaining to all the characteristics of thermal generators in the
perspective of their optimal operation.

(b) A power system consists of two 100MWunits whose input cost data are represented by
equations below
C
1
= 0.004

+22

+800 Rs./hr.
C
2
= 0.45

+15

+1000 Rs./hr
If total received power P
R
= 150 MW. Determine
(i) The load sharing between units for most economic operation
(ii) The corresponding costs of operations.

5. (a) Discuss the procedure for lambda-iteration method of solution for all thermal dispatching
problem-neglecting losses?
(b) Three plants of load capacity 425 MW are scheduled for operation to supply a total load
of 300 MW. Find the optimum load scheduling if the plants have the following incremental
cost characteristics and generation constraints. Neglect the losses.

= 0.15

+30 Rs/MWh, 25

125

= 0.20

+40 Rs/MWh, 30

100

= 0.18

+15 Rs/MWh, 50

200
UNIT-II
1. Derive general transmission line loss for a system consisting of n-generating plants supplying
several loads inter connected through a transmission networks. State any assumptions made.
2. (a) What is a penalty factor in economic scheduling? Explain its significance?
(b) On a system consisting of two generating plants the incremental costs in Rs/ MWh with

and

in MW are

= 0.007

+7.5 and

= 0.0011

+9.0
The system is operating on economic dispatch with

=500MW and

= 0.2
.Find the penalty factor of plant 1.
3. (a) What are B-coefficients and derive them.
(b) The fuel inputs to plants are given by
C
1
= 0.015

+16

+50
C
2
= 0.02

+12

+30
The loss coefficients of the system are given by B
11
=0.005, B
12
=-0.0012 and B
22
=0.002.
The load to be met is 200MW.Determine the economic operating schedule and the
corresponding cost of generation if the transmission line losses are coordinated.

4. (a) Discuss the algorithm for optimal generation scheduling of thermal generators including
transmission losses.
(b) A system consisting of two generating plants with fuel costs of
C
1
= 0.03

+15

+1
C
2
= 0.04

+21

+1.4 Rs/hr
The system is operating on economical dispatch with 120 MW of power generation by each
plant. The incremental transmission loss of plant-2 is 0.15. Find the penalty factor of plant-1.
5. The cost curves of two plants are
C
1
= 0.05

+20

+150 Rs/hr
C
2
= 0.05

+15

+180 Rs/hr
The loss co-efficient for the above system are given as B
11
=0.0015/MW, B
12
=B
21
= -
0.0004/MW and B
22
=0.0032/MW. Determine the economical generation scheduling
corresponding =25 Rs./MWh and corresponding system load that can be met with. If the
total load connected to the system is 120 MW taking 4% change in the value of , what
should be the value of l in the next iteration.
UNIT-III
1. Explain the hydroelectric power plant model and discuss the functions of its components.
2. (a) Discuss the costs associated with hydro-plants
(b) Write advantages of operation of hydrothermal combinations
3. State what is meant by base load and peak load stations? Discuss the combined
hydroelectric and steam operation.