Integración numérica de funciones mediante los métodos del rectángulo, punto medio, trapecio y Simpson

Bloque II.
Aproximacin Numrica
Tema 2 Integracin Numrica
Ejercicios resueltos

II.2-1 Aproxima el valor de las siguientes i ntegrales defini das por los mt odos
del rectngul o, del punt o medi o, del trapecio y de Simpson, t omando
para todos los casos el mismo valor de h = 0.1. Calcula el error que se
comete en cada caso en relacin con el valor exacto que se proporciona.

2
2
0
) 3 8 a x dx =
}
b e
1
0
) 1.71828
x
dx =
}
( )
1
2 3 4
1
) 2 5 3.3333 c x x x x dx
+ + =
}

3
2
1
) 0.828427
1
d dx
x
=
}

2
2
1
2 1
) 1.09861
x
e dx
x x
+
=
+
}

+
=
+
}
1
2
0
1
) 0.785398
1
f dx
x
=
+
}

Solucin

2
2
0
) 3 8 a x dx =
}
2 0.1 20 b a nh n n = = =

Rectngulo: ( )
( )
1
0
n
b
i
a
i
f x dx h f x
=
~

}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
0
3 0.1 3 0 3 0.1 3 1.8 3 1.9 7.41 x dx ( ~ + + + + =
}

8 7.41 0.59 ERROR = =

Punto medio: ( )
1
0
0
2 1
2
n
b
a
i
i
f x dx h f x h
=
+
| |
~ +
|
\ .
}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2
0
3 0.1 3 0.05 3 0.15 3 1.85 3 1.95 7.995 x dx ( ~ + + + + =
}

8 7.995 0.005 ERROR = =

Trapecio: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
n
b
i
a
i
h
f x dx f a f b h f x
=
~ + +

}

Matemticas. Primer curso del Grado de CTA Bloque II. Aproximacin Numrica. Tema 2. Integracin Numrica
MATEMTICA APLICADA - Universidad de Zaragoza Ana Isabel Allueva Pinilla Jos Luis Alejandre Marco
Ejercicios resueltos 1
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
0
0.1
3 3 0 3 2 0.1 3 0.1 3 0.2 3 1.8 3 1.9 8.01
2
x dx ( ( ~ + + + + + + =
}

8 8.01 0.01 ERROR = =

Simpson: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
f x dx f a f b f x f x
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
2
2 2 2 2 2 2
0
2 2 2 2
0.1 0.2
3 3 0 3 2 3 0.2 3 0.4 3 1.6 3 1.8
3 3
0.4
3 0.1 3 0.3 3 1.7 3 1.9 8
3
x dx ( ~ + + + + + +

( + + + + + =

}

2
( +

8 8 0 ERROR = =

1
0
) 1.71828
x
b e dx =
}
1 0.1 10 b a nh n n = = =

Rectngulo: ( )
( )
1
0
n
b
i
a
i
f x dx h f x
=
~

}

1
0 0.1 0.8 0.9
0
0.1 1.6337994
x
e dx e e e e ~ + + + + = (
}

1.71828 1.6337994 0.0844806 ERROR = =

Punto medio: ( )
1
0
0
2 1
2
n
b
a
i
i
f x dx h f x h
=
+
| |
~ +
|
\ .
}

1
0.05 0.15 0.85 0.95
0
0.1 1.717566086
x
e dx e e e e ~ + + + + = (
}

1.71828 1.717566086 0.000713914 ERROR = =

Trapecio: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
n
b
i
a
i
h
=
~ + +

}

1
0 1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9
0
0.1
0.1 1.6337994
2
x
e dx e e e e e e ~ + + + + + + = ( (
}

1.71828 1.6337994 0.0844806 ERROR = =

Simpson: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

1
0 1 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
0
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9
0.1 0.2
3 3
0.4
1.661006721
3
x
e dx e e e e e e
e e e e e
~ + + + + + + ( (

+ + + + + = (

}

1.71828 1.661006721 0.0572733 ERROR = =

( )
1
2 3 4
1
) 2 5 3.3333 c x x x x dx
+ + =
}
2 0.1 20 b a nh n n = = =

Rectngulo: ( )
( )
1
0
n
b
i
a
i
f x dx h f x
=
~

}

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2 3 4
1
2 5 0.1 1 0.9 0.8 0.9 3.3733 x x x x dx f f f f
+ + ~ + + + + =
}

3.3733 3.3333 0.04 ERROR = =

Punto medio: ( )
1
0
0
2 1
2
n
b
a
i
i
f x dx h f x h
=
+
| |
~ +
|
\ .
}

( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2 3 4
1
2 5 0.1 0.95 0.85 0.85 0.95
3.3133625
x x x x dx f f f f
+ + ~ + + + +
=
}
=

3.3333333 3.3133625 0.0199708 ERROR = =

Trapecio: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
n
b
i
a
i
h
=
~ + +

}

( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2 3 4
1
0.1
2 5 1 1
2
0.1 0.9 0.8 0.8 0.9 3.3733
x x x x dx f f
f f f f
+ + ~ +
+ + + + + =
}
+

3.3733 3.3333 0.04 ERROR = =

Simpson: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2 3 4
1
0.1
2 5 1 1
3
0.2
0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8
3
0.4
0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 3.333466667
3
x x x x dx f f
f f f f
f f f f
+ + ~ + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

Matemtic imer curso del Grado de CTA Bloque II. Aproximacin Numrica. as. Pr Tema 2. Integracin Numrica
3.333466667 3.333333333 0.000133334 ERROR = =

3
2
1
) 0.828427
1
d dx
x
=
}
1 0.1 10 b a nh n n = = =

Rectngulo: ( )
( )
1
0
n
b
i
a
i
f x dx h f x
=
~

}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
3
2
1
0.1 2 2.1 2.8 2.9 0.843340902
1
dx f f f f
x
~ + + + + =
}

0.843340902 0.828427 0.014913902 ERROR = =

Punto medio: ( )
1
0
0
2 1
2
n
b
a
i
i
f x dx h f x h
=
+
| |
~ +
|
\ .
}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
3
2
1
0.1 2.05 2.15 2.85 2.95
1
0.828292655
dx f f f f
x
~ + + + +
=
}
=

0.828292655 0.828427 0.000134345 ERROR = =

Trapecio: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
n
b
i
a
i
h
=
~ + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
3
2
1 0.1
2 3
1 2
0.1 2.1 2.2 2.8 2.9 0.828696241
dx f f
x
f f f f
~ + +
+ + + + + =
}

0.828696241 0.88427 0.000269241 ERROR = =

Simpson: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
3
2
1 0.1
2 3
1 3
0.2
2.2 2.4 2.6 2.8
3
0.4
2.1 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.9 0.828428056
3
dx f f
x
f f f f
f f f f f
~ + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

0.828428056 0.828427 0.00000105593 ERROR = =

2
2
1
2 1
) 1.09861
x
e dx
x x
+
=
+
}
1 0.1 10 b a nh n n = = =

Rectngulo: ( )
( )
1
0
n
b
i
a
i
f x dx h f x
=
~

}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
2
1
2 1
0.1 1 1.1 1.8 1.9 1.132685544
x
dx f f f f
x x
+
~ + + + + =
+
}

1.132685544 1.09861 0.034075544 ERROR = =

Punto medio: ( )
1
0
0
2 1
2
n
b
a
i
i
f x dx h f x h
=
+
| |
~ +
|
\ .
}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
2
1
2 1
0.1 1.05 1.15 1.85 1.95
1.098242635
x
dx f f f f
x x
+
~ + + + +
+
=
}
=

1.098242635 1.09861 0.000367365 ERROR = =

Trapecio: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
n
b
i
a
i
h
=
~ + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
2
1
2 1 0.1
1 2
2
0.1 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.9 1.09935221
x
dx f f
x x
f f f f
+
~ + +
+
+ + + + + =
}

1.09935221 1.09861 0.00074221 ERROR = =

Simpson: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
2
1
2 1 0.1
1 2
3
0.2
1.2 1.4 1.6 1.8
3
0.4
1.1 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.9 1.098615505
3
x
dx f f
x x
f f f f
f f f f f
+
~ + +
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

1.098615505 1.09861 0.00000550486 ERROR = =

1
2
0
1
) 0.785398
1
f dx
x
=
+
}
1 0.1 10 b a nh n n = = =

Rectngulo: ( )
( )
1
0
n
b
i
a
i
f x dx h f x
=
~

}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2
0
1
0.1 0 0.1 0.8 0.9 0.809981497
1
dx f f f f
x
~ + + + + =
+
}

0.809981497 0.785398 0.024583497 ERROR = =

Punto medio: ( )
1
0
0
2 1
2
n
b
a
i
i
f x dx h f x h
=
+
| |
~ +
|
\ .
}

( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2
0
1
0.1 0.05 0.15 0.85 0.95
1
0.785606496
dx f f f f
x
~ + + + +
+
=
=
}

0.785606496 0.785398 0.000208496 ERROR = =

Trapecio: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( )
1
1
2
n
b
i
a
i
h
=
~ + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2
0
1 0.1
0 1
1 2
0.1 0.1 0.2 0.8 0.9 0.784981497
dx f f
x
f f f f
~ + +
+
+ + + + + =
}

0.784981497 0.785398 0.000416503 ERROR = =

Simpson: ( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2
0
1 0.1
0 1
1 3
0.2
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
3
0.4
0.1 0.3 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.785398153
3
dx f f
x
f f f f
f f f f f
~ + +
+
+ + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

0.785398153 0.785398 0.000000153485 ERROR = =

II.2-2 Calcula el rea de la regin li mitada po r las sigui entes grficas
utilizando el mtodo de Simpson con h = 0.01 para obtener la integral
definida correspondiente.

) 1
0 ( )
0
1
a y x
y EJE OX
x
x
= +

=

`
=

=
)

2
) 1
0 ( )
1
2
b y x
y EJE OX
x
x
= +
=

`
=

=
)

Solucin

) 1
0 ( )
0
1
a y x
y EJE OX
x
x
= +

=

`
=

=
)

3
( )
1
0
1 A x dx = +
}
2

1 0.01 100 b a nh n n = = =

Simpson:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
0
0.01
1 0 1
3
0.02
0.02 0.04 0.96 0.98
3
0.04
0.01 0.03 0.97 0.99 1.5
3
x dx f f
f f f f
f f f f
+ ~ + +
+ + + + +
+ + + + +
}
+
=

- 2 - 1 1 2 3 4
- 2
- 1
1
= + y x 1
= y 0
= x 0 = x 1
2
) 1
0 ( )
1
2
b y x
y EJE OX
x
x
= +
=

`
=

=
)

( )
2
2
1
1 A x dx = +
}

1 0.01 100 b a nh n n = = =

Simpson:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
2
2
1
0.01
1 1 2
3
0.02
1.02 1.04 1.96 1.98
3
0.04
1.01 1.03 1.97 1.99 3.333333333
3
x dx f f
f f f f
f f f f
+ ~ + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

II.2-3 Calcula el volumen del slido de rev olucin generado al girar alrededor
del eje OX las siguientes grficas. Utiliza el mtodo de Simpson con
h = 0.1 para obtener la integral definida correspondiente.

2
) 1
1
1
a y x
x
x
=
`
=

)

2
1
) 2
2
1
2
b y x x
y x
= +

`
=
)

Solucin

2
) 1
1
1
a y x
x
x
=
`
=

)

( )
1
2
2
1 V x dx t =
}
1

- 3 - 2 - 1 1 2 3
- 1
1
2
3
4
5
= + y x
2
1
=
= x 1
y 0
= x 2
- 1 1
1
= y x
2
1 = x 1 = x 1

2 0.1 20 b a nh n n = = =

Simpson:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( )
( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
1
2
2
1
0.1
1 1 1
3
0.2
0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8
3
0.4
0.9 0.7 0.7 0.9 1.066693333
3
x dx f f
f f f f
f f f f
~ + +
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

1.066693333 V t =

2
1
) 2
2
1
2
b y x x
y x
= +

`
=
)

1 2 3 4
-0. 5
0. 5
1
1. 5
2
= + y x x
2
1
2
2
= y x
1
2

Puntos de corte:

( ) + = + = = = = ,
x x
x x x x x x x x x
2
2 2
2 4 3 0 3 0 0 3
2 2

Se calcula el volumen generado por la grfica de arriba (volumen lleno) y
se le resta el volume n generado po r la gr fica de abajo (volumen del
agujero):

2
2 2 4
3 3 3
3 2
0 0 0
4
3
3 2
0
2 2 4
2 2 4
15
2
4 4
x x x
V x dx dx x x dx dx
x
x x dx
t t t t
t
| | | |
| |
= + = +
|
| |
\ .
\ . \ .
| |
= +
|
\ .
} } } }
}
2
3
0
4
x
=

3 0.1 30 b a nh n n = = =

Simpson:
( ) ( )
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
1
2 2
1 1
2 4
3 3 3
n n
b
i i
a
i i
h h h
1
= =
~ + + +

}

( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) | |
4
3
3 2
0
15 0.1
2 3 0
4 4 3
0.2
0.2 0.4 2.6 2.8
3
0.4
0.1 0.3 2.7 2.9 5.40001
3
x
x x dx f f
f f f f
f f f f
| |
+ ~ + +
|
\ .
+ + + + + +
+ + + + + =
}

5.40001 V t =


Integración numérica de funciones mediante los métodos del rectángulo, punto medio, trapecio y Simpson

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Integración numérica de funciones mediante los métodos del rectángulo, punto medio, trapecio y Simpson

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Bloque II.

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