Limitations to the Powers of an Administrative Agency
Matienzon vs Abellera 162 SCRA 1
C. Nature of the Powers of Administrative Agencies
Quasi Legislative Quasi-Judicial
D. Express and Implied Powers
Villegas vs Subido 30 SCRA 498 LLDA vs Court of Appeals 231 SCRA 292 Polloso vs Gangan 335 SCRA 750 Blaquera vs Alcala 295 SCRA 411 RCPI vs NTC, G.R. No. 93237, 215 SCRA 455 Buenaseda vs Flavier 226 SCRA 645
E. Discretionary Powers Vs Ministerial Duty
Carino vs Capulong, 222 SCRA 593 Mateo vs CA, 196 SCRA 280 Binamira vs Garrucho, 188 SCRA 154
F. Mandatory/Prohibitory and Permissive/Directory Duties and Powers
Article 5 Civil Code
1. Mandatory/prohibitory statute, defined and effect - Sarina vs CFI of Bukidnon 24 SCRA 715
2. Permissive/directory statute, defined and effect - Meralco Securities Corp. vs Savellano, 117 SCRA 804
G. Error in the Exercise of Powers
1. Doctrine of non-suability of the state inapplicable - Shauf vs CA, 191 SCRA 713
2. Estoppel inapplicable - Commissioner of Internal Revenue vs CTA, 234 SCRA 348
3. Presumption of regularity - Blue Bar Coconut vs Tantuico, 163 SCRA 716
Acts done by an official are presumed to be valid
IV. INVESTIGATORY POWERS
A. Scope and Extent of Powers Carino vs CHR, 204 SCRA 483 Concerned Officials of MWSS vs Vasquez, 240 SCRA 502 Deloso vs Domingo, 191 SCRA 545
B. Requirement of Notice and Hearing Secretary of Justice vs Lantion, 322 SCRA 160 Ruiz vs Drilon, 209 SCRA 695 Pefianco vs Moral, 322 SCRA 439
C. Right to Counsel in Administrative Investigations
D. Importance of Administrative Investigations Evangelista vs Jarencio, 68 SCRA 99
E. Executive Power to Investigate, source
Section 64c Revised Administrative Code Power of the President
Section 20 Book III, 1987 Administrative Code Residual Powers
Larin vs Executive Secretary, 280 SCRA 713 Evangelista vs Jarencio, 68 SCRA 99
V. Quasi-Legislative/Rule-Making Powers
Remolona vs CSC, 362 SCRA 304
Rule Making Power
A. Nature of power, definition
People vs Maceren, 79 SCRA 450
1. Ordinance Power of the President/Delegation to the President - Sections 23.2, 28.2, Article VI, Constitution - Sections 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Book III, Title I, Chapter 2, 1987 Admin Code a. Araneta vs Gatmaitan, 101 Phil 328 b. Olsen & Co. vs Aldanese, 43 Phil 259
2. Delegation to the Supreme Court - Section 5.5, Article VIII, Constitution a. First Lepanto Ceramics vs CA, 231 SCRA 30
B. Rationale for the delegation of quasi-legislative power Tatad vs Secretary of DOE, 281 SCRA 330 Eastern Shipping Lines vs POEA, 166 SCRA 533 Pangasinan Transportation Co., Inc. vs Public Service Commission, 70 Phil 221 Calalang vs Williams, 70 Phil 726
C. Limitations on the Rule-Making Power Smart Communications vs NTC, G.R. No. 151908, 12 August 2003 Philippine Apparel Workers Union vs NLRC, 106 SCRA 444
D. Requisites for Valid Delegation of Quasi-Legislative Power
1. Completeness Test Tatad vs Secretary of DOE, 281 SCRA 330 U.S. vs Ang Tang Ho, L-4288 20 Nov 1952 Eastern Shipping Lines vs POEA, 166 SCRA 533 People vs Vera, 65 Phil 56
2. Sufficient Standard Test Chiongbian vs Orbos, 245 SCRA 253 Cervantes vs Auditor General, L-4043, 26 May 1952 Pelaez vs Auditor General, 15 SCRA 569 Ynot vs IAC, 148 SCRA 659
3. Exceptions to the Requirement of Sufficient Legislative Standards a. Power which is not directly or exclusively a legislative on and has no relation whatsoever to personal or property rights; b. Power to regulate a mere matter of privilege
E. Issues on Validity of Legislation
1. Against the delegating statute itself 2. Against the exercise of the delegated power Solicitor General vs Metropolitan Manila Authority, 204 SCRA 837
F. Rule and Rule-Making, Defined
Section 2.2 Book VII, Admin Code of 1987 Section 4, Book VII, Admin Code of 1987 Eslao vs COA, 236 SCRA 161 Supplementary Legislation 1. Classification of rules and regulations a. Those issued by an administrative superior and directed exclusively to the subordinates --- rules and regulations of internal administration to be observed by subordinate officials for the prompt and efficient dispatch of government business and to facilitate the transactions of the general public with the government; b. Those directed not only to the inferior officers but also and primarily to private individuals, fixing the manner by which the terms of a statute are to be complied with.
2. Types of rule-making 2.1. Rule-making by reason of particular delegation of authority (supplementary or detailed legislation) 2.2. Rule-making by the construction and interpretation of a statute being administered (interpretative legislation) 2.3. The ascertainment of facts which will form the basis for the enforcement of a statute (contingent legislation or determination)
G. Supplementary/Detailed Legislation 1. Source 2. Requisites for validity a. Vda de Pineda vs Pena, 187 SCRA 22 b. UST vs Court of Tax Appeals, 93 Phil 376 c. Boie Takeda Chemicals vs Dela Serna, 228 SCRA 329 d. GMCR vs Bell Telecommunication Phil., Inc., 271 SCRa 79 e. Toledo vs CSC, 264 SCRA 19 f. Grego vs COMELEC, 274 SCRA 481 g. Conte vs COA, 264 SCRA 19 h. China Banking Corp vs HDMF, 307 SCRA 44 i. Romulo, Mabanta vs HDMF, 333 SCRA 777 j. Nasipit Lumber Co. vs NWPC, 289 SCRA 667
3. Requirement of reasonableness a. Bears a reasonable relation to the purpose sought to be accomplished; b. Supported by good reasons; c. Free from constitutional infirmities or charge of arbitrariness
H. Interpretative Legislation
1. Distinction between rule and interpretation - Victorias Milling Co vs Social Security Commission, 114 Phil 555
2. Types of executive construction/interpretation a. Construction by an executive officer directly called to implement the law. It may be express (embodied in a circular, directive or regulation) or implied (practice or mode of enforcement of not applying the statute to certain situations; by usage or practice); b. Construction by the Secretary of Justice as Chief Legal Adviser of the government. May be reversed by President in the exercise of the power to modify, alter or reverse; c. Interpretation handed down in an adversary proceeding in the form of a ruling by an executive officer exercising quasi-judicial power. d. Weight accorded to administrative constructions - Asturias Sugar Central vs Commissioner of Customs, 29 SCRA 617 - Melendres vs COMELEC, 319 SCRA 262 - Peralta vs CSC, 212 SCRA 425 - United Christian Missionary Society vs SSC, 30 SCRA 982
3. Construction of administrative rules and regulations - Ollada vs Secretary of Finance, 109 Phil 1072
I. Contingent Legislation or Delegation to Ascertain Facts Cruz vs Youngberg, 56 Phil 234 People vs Vera, 65 Phil 56 US vs Ang Tang Ho, 43 Phil 1 Lovina vs Moreno, 9 SCRA 557
J. Penal Rules and Regulations 1. Requisites for validity of penal rules and regulations - Marcos vs CA, 278 SCRA 843 - US vs Panlilio, 28 Phil 608 - Peopl vs Exconde, 101 Phil 1125 - People vs Maceren, 79 SCRA 450
2. Imposition of penalties by administrative authorities
K. Rate-Fixing Power Philcomsat vs Alcuaz, 180 SCRA 218
L. Effectivity of Administrative Rules and Regulations
1. Publication requirement Section 2, Civil Code Section 18, Book 1, 1987 Administrative Code Chapter 2, Book VII, 1987 Administrative Code - Tanada vs Tuvera, 146 SCRA 446
2. Notice and hearing requirement Misamis Oriental Association of Coco Traders vs DOF, 238 SCRA 63
3. Application, general rule that the issuance of rules and regulations to implement the law does not require that there be prior notice and hearing conducted by the administrative agencies. However, if the statute making the delegation requires such hearing, then one must be conducted before such rules and regulations are issued. On the other hand, if the statute is silent on the matter, a public hearing, if practicable, may be conducted.
VI. ADJUDICATORY POWERS
A. Quasi-Judicial Power and Quasi-Judicial Body, defined a. Quasi-judicial power b. Quasi-judicial body
Smart Communications vs NTC, G.R. No. 151908, 12 August 2003 Santiago, Jr. vs Bautista, 32 SCRA 188 Filipinas Shell Petroleum Corp. vs Oil Industry Commission, 145 SCRA 433
B. Distinguished from Judicial Power a. Judicial power
Carino vs CHR, 204 SCRA 483 Luzon Development Bank vs Association of LDB Employees, 249 SCRA 162
C. Distinguished from Administrative Function
Presidential Anti-Dollar Salting Task Force vs CA, 171 SCRA 348 Cojuangco vs PCGG, 190 SCRA 226 Sideco vs Sarenas, 41 Phil 80 Ocampo vs U.S., 234 US 91
D. Distinguished from Legislative Power or Rule-Making
Lupangco vs CA, 160 SCRA 848
E. Rationale for Vesting Administrative Agencies with Quasi-Judicial Power
C.T. Torres Enterprises, Inc. vs Hibionada, 191 SCRA 268
F. Scope of Quasi-Judicial Powers of an Administrative Agency
GSIS vs CSC, 202 SCRA 799 Angara vs Electoral Commission, 63 Phil 139 Provident Tree Farms vs Batario, Jr., 231 SCRA 463 Tejada vs Homestead Property Corporation, 178 SCRA 164 Cario vs CHR, 204 SCRA 483
Caamic vs Galaon, 237 SCRA 390 Universal Rubber Products vs CA, 130 SCRA 104 Masangcay vs COMELEC, 6 SCRA 27
VIII. THE POWER TO PUNISH FOR CONTEMPT
People vs Mendoza, 92 Phil 570 Camelo vs Ramos, 116 Phil 1152
IX. POWER TO IMPOSE PENALTIES
Scotys Department Store vs Micaller 99 Phil 762 CAB vs PAL, 63 SCRA 524
X. POWER IN DEPORTATION AND CITIZENSHIP CASES
Lao Gi vs Court of Appeals, 180 SCRA 756
ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEEDINGS
I. JURISDICTION
A. Definition
People vs Mariano, 71 SCRA 600
B. Extent of Jurisdiction of Administrative Agencies Performing Quasi-Judicial Acts
Chin vs LBP, 201 SCRA 190 Taule vs Santos, 200 SCRA 512
II. PROCEDURE TO BE FOLLOWED
Sections 1 and 2.1 Book VII, 1987 Administrative Code
A. Source of Authority to Promulgate Rules of Procedure Section 5.5, Article VIII, Constitution - Angara vs Electoral Commission, 63 Phil 139
B. Limitations on the Power to Promulgate Rules of Procedure
First Lepanto Ceramics vs CA, 231 SCRA 30
C. Technical Rules Not Applicable
Kanlaon Construction Enterprises vs NLRC, 279 SCRA 337 Ang Tibay vs CIR, 69 Phil 635 Police Commission vs Lood, 127 SCRA 757
D. Justiciable Controvery and Forum Shopping
SEC vs CA, 246 SCRA 738
Section 2.5, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
- Santiago, Jr. vs Bautista, 32 SCRA 188 - Villanueva vs Adre, 172 SCRA 876 - Chemphil Export & Import Corp. vs CA, 251 SCRA 257 - First Phil. Intl. Bank vs CA, 252 SCRA 259 - R. Transport Corp. vs Laguesma, 227 SCRA 826 - Galongco vs CA, 283 SCRA 492
E. Institution of Proceedings; Acquisition of Jurisdiction
Section 5, Rule 7 1997 Rules of Civil Procedure - Santos vs NLRC, 254 SCRA 675 - Matanguihand vs Tengo, 272 SCRA 704
F. Pre-trial Conference; default
Section 10, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code - Auyong vs CTA, 59 SCRA 110
G. Hearing
Secretary of Justice vs Lantion, 322 SCRA 160 Section 11.1, Book VII 1987 Admin. Code - Medenilla vs CSC, 194 SCRA 278 - Simpao vs CSC, 191 SCRA 396 - Alejandro vs CA, 191 SCRA 700
H. Evidence
Section 12.3, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code - State Prosecutor vs Muro, 246 SCRA 505
1. Proof beyond reasonable doubt - People vs Bacalzo, 195 SCRA 557
2. Clear and convincing evidence - Blacks Law Dictionary 5 th ed. p.227
3. Preponderance of evidence - New Testament Church of God vs CA, 246 SCRA 266
4. Substantial evidence - Velasquez vs Nery, 211 SCRA 28 - Malonzo vs COMELEC, 269 SCRA 380
I. Decision
Section 2.8, 14 Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
Marcelino vs Cruz, 121 SCRA 51 Romualdez-Marcos vs COMELEC, 248 SCRA 300
1. Form of decision - Mangca vs COMELEC, 112 SCRA 273 - Malinao vs Reyes, 255 SCRA 616
- Sections 2.13 and 2.12, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
2. Publication of decisions - Section 16.1.2, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
3. Finality, promulgation and notice of decision - Section 15, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
- Robert Dollar Company vs Tuvera, 123 SCRA 354 - Lindo vs COMELEC, 194 SCRA 25 - Jamil vs COMELEC, 283 SCRA 349
- Section 14, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
- Zoleta vs Drilon, 166 SCRA 548
4. Collegiate decision, requirement to be valid
- Mison vs COA, 187 SCRA 445 - Aquino-Sarmiento vs Morato, 203 SCRA 515
5. Finality of decisions - Section 15, Chapter III, Book VII Admin Code of 1987 - Administrative Order No. 18 Section 7
- Uy vs COA, 328 SCRA 607 - Camarines Norte Electric Cooperative vs Torres, 286 SCRA 666
6. Application of the doctrine of res judicata - Republic vs Neri, 213 SCRA 812 - Brillantes vs Castro, 99 Phil 497 - Ipekdjian Merchandising vs CTA, L-15430, 30 Sept. 1963 - Teodoro vs Carague, 206 SCRA 429
J. Administrative Appeal in Contested Cases Section 19, 20, 21, 22, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
Mendez vs CSC, 204 SCRA 965 PCIB vs CA, 229 SCRA 283 Diamonon vs DOLE, 327 SCRA 283 De Leon vs Heirs of Gregorio Reyes, 155 SCRA 584 Vda de Pineda vs Pena, 187 SCRA 22 Reyes vs Zamora, 90 SCRA 92
Section 23, Book VII, 1987 Admin Code
Zambales Chromite Mining Co. vs. Court of Appeals, 94 SCRA 261 Ysmael vs Dep. Exec. Sec., 190 SCRA 673
K. Execution Divinagracia vs CFI, 3 SCRA 775 GSIS vs CSC, 202 SCRA 799 Vital-Gozon vs CA, 212 SCRA 235
III. DUE PROCESS OF LAW IN ADMINISTRATIVE ADJUDICATION
A. Substantive and Procedural Due Process, defined Santiago vs Alikpala, 25 SCRA 356 Secretary of Justice vs Lantion, 322 SCRA 160 Albert vs CFI of Manila, 23 SCRA 948