Assessment Questions - Molecular Biology

Molecular Biology

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.


____ 2. In the restriction map shown in the Figure below, which line, or band, represents the smallest DNA
fragments?


a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D



____

____ 5. The restriction enzymes used by scientists to cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences come from
a. mice.
b. yeasts.
c. bacteria.
d. viruses.

____ 6. Suppose the restriction site for a particular restriction enzyme is: GATC | | | | CTAG. The enzyme cuts the
DNA between the A and the T on the top strand, and between the T and the A on the bottom strand. How
many restriction sites for this enzyme are there in the DNA sequence shown in Figure 9.2?


a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

____

____ 8. Which of the following statements is true for the restriction map shown in the Figure below?

a. fragments B and D smaller than A.
b. fragments A and B smaller than D.
c. fragments B and C same size as D.
d. fragment B smaller than C.

____

____

____ 11. Bacterial enzymes that cut DNA molecules at specific nucleotide sequences are called
a. cDNA enzymes.
b. bacterial polymerases.
c. restriction enzymes.
d. DNA polymerases.

____ 12. Suppose the restriction site for a particular restriction enzyme is: GATC CTAG. The enzyme cuts the
DNA between the A and the T on the top strand, and between the T and the A on the bottom strand. How
many fragments are produced from the DNA sequence shown in Figure 9.2?


a. 2
b. 3
c. 4
d. 5

____


Short Answer


14. What is shown in Figure 9.3?

15. What is this type of DNA analysis used for?

16. What does each of the bands in the diagram represent?

17. The analysis of DNA shown in Figure 9.3 comes from a mother, a father, and their child. Could person 3 be
the child? Explain.

18. Describe one way this type of DNA analysis is used in organisms other than humans.

Use the exhibit to answer the questions that follow.


19. Identify the structure in part 1 of Figure 9.4. Where is this structure found?

20. What role do restriction enzymes play in part 2 of the diagram?

21. What is the term for the structure in part 3 of the diagram?

Short Answer


22. What does Figure 9.3 show? What is this type of DNA analysis used for?

23. What does each of the bands in the diagram represent? What do the bands at the top of the diagram indicate as
compared with the ones at the bottom?

24. How does probability contribute to making this form of DNA analysis a very reliable tool?

25. Suppose the analysis of DNA shown in Figure 9.3 comes from a mother, a father, and their child. Predict
which person's DNA fingerprint in the figure represents the child, and explain your answer.

26. Describe two ways this type of DNA analysis is used.

Use the exhibit to answer the questions that follow.


27. What is shown in Figure 9.4?

28. What role do restriction enzymes play in the process shown above?

Molecular Biology
Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1.

2. ANS: D PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

3.

4.

5. ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

6. ANS: B PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

7.

8. ANS: A PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

9.

10.
11. ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

12. ANS: C PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

13.

SHORT ANSWER

14. ANS:
DNA fingerprints for three people

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

15. ANS:
This technology is used to identify people at the molecular level.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

16. ANS:
Each band represents the size of DNA fragments, which depends on the number of repeating
nucleotide sequences.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

17. ANS:
Yes. Sample answer: The DNA fingerprint for person 3 looks like a combination of the other two
DNA fingerprints.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

18. ANS:
Sample answers: DNA fingerprints can be used to study biodiversity, locate GM crops, and
identify species and their evolutionary relationships.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

19. ANS:
Plasmid; plasmids are tiny rings of DNA found in bacteria.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

20. ANS:
Restriction enzymes are used to cut out a foreign gene and to cut a plasmid so that each structure
has complementary sticky ends.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

21. ANS:
recombinant DNA

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

22. ANS:
DNA fingerprints for three people; this technology is used to identify people at the molecular
level.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

23. ANS:
Each band represents a number of repeating nucleotide sequences. The fewer repeats in a
fragment, the smaller the fragment, and the farther it will travel. Therefore, the bands at the top of
the diagram have a greater number of repeating sequences than the bands at the bottom.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

24. ANS:
DNA fingerprinting usually compares at least five regions of the human genome. The probability
that two people would randomly have the same DNA fingerprint is extremely small because the
individual probabilities are multiplied.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

25. ANS:
Person 3 is the child. Sample answer: The DNA fingerprint of person 3 looks like a combination
of the DNA fingerprints from persons 1 and 2.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

26. ANS:
Sample answer: Identification as evidence in a criminal case (either innocence or guilt);
identification of paternity or kinship necessary for immigration; studies of species relationships
and biodiversity; tracing the locations of GM crops.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

27. ANS:
the process of inserting a gene into a plasmid

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5

28. ANS:
Restriction enzymes are used to cut out a foreign gene and to cut the plasmid so that each
structure has complementary sticky ends.

PTS: 1 NOT: 978-0-618-78317-5