Chapter 2 Exercises and Answers

Answers are in blue.

For Exercises 1-5, match the following numbers with their definition.
A. Number
B. Natural number
C. nteger number
!. Negati"e number
E. #ational number
1. A unit of an abstract mathematical system subject to the laws of arithmetic.
A
2. A natural number, a negative of a natural number, or zero.
C
3. The number zero and any number obtained by reeatedly adding one to it.
!
". An integer or the #uotient of two integers $division by zero e%cluded&.
'
(. A value less than zero, with a sign oosite to its ositive counterart.
)
For Exercises $-11, match the solution with the %roblem.
A. 1&&&11&&
B. 1&&1111&
C. 11&1&1&
!. 11&&&&&
E. 1&1&&&1
F. 1111&&&
*. 111++11 , 11++1 $binary addition&
A
-. 1+1+1+1 , 1+1+1 $binary addition&
C
.. 1111111 , 11111 $binary addition&
!
/. 1111111 0 111 $binary subtraction&
1
1+. 11++111 0 111 $binary subtraction&
)
11. 1+1+11+ 0 1+1 $binary subtraction&
'
For Exercises 1' -1(, mar) the answers true and false as follows*
A. +rue
B. False
12. !inary numbers are imortant in comuting because a binary number can be converted into every
other base.
!
13. !inary numbers can be read off in he%adecimal but not in octal.
!
1". 2tarting from left to right, every grouing of four binary digits can be read as one he%adecimal
digit.
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!
1(. A byte is made u of si% binary digits.
!
1*. Two he%adecimal digits can be stored in one byte.
A
1-. 7eading octal digits off as binary roduces the same result whether read from right to left as left to
right.
A
Exercises 1,- -5 are %roblems or short answer .uestions.
1.. )istinguish between a natural number and a negative number.
A natural number is + and any number that can be obtained by reeatedly adding 1 to it. A negative
number is less than +, and oosite in sign to a natural number. Although we usually do not
consider negative +.
1/. )istinguish between a natural number and a rational number.
A rational number is an integer or the #uotient of integer numbers. $)ivision by + is e%cluded.& A
natural number is + and the ositive integers. $2ee also definition in answer to '%ercise 1.&
2+. 6abel the following numbers natural, negative, or rational.
A. 1.333333
rational
!. 0 183
negative, rational
C. 1+**
natural
). 28(
rational
'. *.2
rational
1. $i&
not any listed
21. 9f ./1 is a number in each of the following bases, how many 1s are there:
A. base 1+
./1
!. base .
Can;t be a number in base .,
C. base 12
12*1
). base 13
1"-+
'. base 1*
21/3
22. '%ress ./1 as a olynomial in each of the bases in '%ercise 1.
A. . < 1+
2
, / < 1+ , 1
!. Can;t be shown as a olynomial in base ..
C. . < 12
2
, / < 12 , 1
). . < 13
2
, / < 13 , 1
'. . < 1*
2
, / < 1* , 1
23. Convert the following numbers from the base shown to base 1+.
A. 111 $base 2&
-
!. --- $base .&
(11
C. 1'C $base 1*&
"+-*
). --- $base 1*&
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1/11
'. 111 $base .&
-3
2". '%lain how base 2 and base . are related.
!ecause . is a ower of 2, base=. digits can be read off in binary and 3 base=2 digits can be read off
in octal.
2(. '%lain how base . and base 1* are related.
. and 1* are both owers of two.
2*. '%and Table 2.1 to include the numbers from 1+ through 1*.
binary octal decimal
+++ + +
++1 1 1
+1+ 2 2
+11 3 3
1++ " "
1+1 ( (
11+ * *
111 - -
1+++ 1+ .
1++1 11 /
1+1+ 12 1+
1+11 13 11
11++ 1" 12
11+1 1( 13
111+ 1* 1"
1111 1- 1(
1++++ 2+ 1*
2-. '%and the table in '%ercise 2* to include he%adecimal numbers.
binary octal decimal hexadecimal
+++ + + +
++1 1 1 1
+1+ 2 2 2
+11 3 3 3
1++ " " "
1+1 ( ( (
11+ * * *
111 - - -
1+++ 1+ . .
1++1 11 / /
1+1+ 12 1+ A
1+11 13 11 !
11++ 1" 12 C
11+1 1( 13 )
111+ 1* 1" '
1111 1- 1( 1
1++++ 2+ 1* 2+
2.. Convert the following binary numbers to octal.
A. 11111+11+
-**
!. 1+++++1
1+1
C. 1+++++1+
2+2
). 11+++1+
1"2
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2/. Convert the following binary numbers to he%adecimal.
A. 1+1+1++1
A/
!. 111++111
'-
C. +11+111+
*'
). +1121111
This is not a binary number
3+. Convert the following he%adecimal numbers to octal.
A. A/
2(1
!. '-
3"-
C. *'
1(*
31. Convert the following octal numbers to he%adecimal.
A. ---
111
!. *+(
1.(
C. ""3
123
). (21
1(1
'. 1
1
32. Convert the following decimal numbers to octal.
A. /+1
1*+(
!. 321
(+1
C. 1"/2
2-2"
). 1+**
2+(2
'. 2++1
3-21
33. Convert the following decimal numbers to binary.
A. "(
1+11+1
!. */
1+++1+1
C. 1+**
1++++1+1+1+
). //
11+++11
'. 1
1
3". Convert the following decimal numbers to he%adecimal.
A. 1+**
"2A
!. 1/3/
-/3
C. 1
1
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). //.
3'*
'. "3
2!
3(. 9f you were going to reresent numbers in base 1., what symbols might you use to reresent the
decimal numbers 1+ through 1- other than letters:
Any secial characters would wor> or characters from another alhabet. 6et;s use ? for 1* and @
for 1-.
3*. Convert the following decimal numbers to base 1. using the symbols you suggested in '%ercise 1(.
A. 1+**
3("
!. //+//
?@1/
C. 1
1
3-. Aerform the following octal additions
A. --+ , **(
1*((
!. 1+1 , -+-
1+1+
C. 2+2 , **-
1+-1
3.. Aerform the following he%adecimal additions
A. 1/A!* , "3
1/A1/
!. A'/ , 1
A1.
C. 1+** , A!C)
!C33
3/. Aerform the following octal subtractions.
A. 1+** 0 --*
-+
!. 123" 0 -*(
2"-
C. --** 0 ((""
2222
"+. Aerform the following he%adecimal subtractions.
A. A!C 0 111
/A!
!. //.. 0 A!
/.))
C. A/1. 0 1"/2
/(**
"1. Bhy are binary numbers imortant in comuting:
)ata and instructions are reresented in binary inside the comuter.
"2. A byte contains how many bits:
.
"3. Cow many bytes are there in a *"=bit machine:
.
"". Bhy do microrocessors such as agers have only .=bit machines:
Aagers are not general=urose comuters. The rograms in agers are small enough to be
reresented in .=bit machines.
"(. Bhy is imortant to study how to maniulate fi%ed=sized numbers:
9t is imortant to understand how to maniulate fi%ed=sized numbers because numbers are
reresented in a comuter in fi%ed=sized format.
"*. Cow many ones are there in the number A!/. in base 13:
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$$13<13<13<1+& , $13<13<11& , 13</& , .& D 23/("
"-. )escribe how a bi=#uinary number reresentation wor>s.
There are seven lights to reresent ten numbers. The first two determine the meaning of the ne%t
five. 9f the first light is on, the ne%t five reresent +, 1, 2, 3, and " resectively. 9f the second is on,
the ne%t five reresent (, *, -, ., and / resectively.
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