Introduction

Thespeedcontrolmethodsofadcmotoraresimpler
andlessexpensive
Digitalsignalprocessorshavepermittedthe
increasinglystringentperformancerequirementsand
fast,efficient,andaccuratecontrolofservomotorand
motioncontrolsystems.
Theycontinuetobesuccessfulbecauseofavailablelow
costsupporttools.
DSPprocessorwilltakethespeedofthemotorasthe
feedbacksignal
Thedifferencebetweenthesetpointspeedandthe
presentspeedfinallyitwillchangethedutycycleof
thebasedrivesignal.
Itisgivenastheinputtothebuckconverter.
DSP
Applications
Audiosignalprocessing
Audiocompression
Digital imageprocessing
Videocompression
Speechprocessing
Speechrecognition
Digital communications
RADAR,SONAR,Seismology
Biomedicine.
IMPORTANCEOFDSP
Lowcost.
Highperformance.
Enhancedandintegratedpowerelectronics
peripherals.
Forexample:analogtodigital(A/D)convertersand
pulsewidthmodulator(PWM).
Flexibilityofquickdesignmodifications.
Implementationofmorecontrolschemes.
Lesssusceptibletoaging,environmentalvariations&
havebetternoiseimmunity
TMS320F2812
ProgrammingofTMS320F2812
DigitalSignalProcessor
TheTMS320F2812DSPhasmanyspecialfeaturesforthecontrolapplications.
IthasEventManagerthatisspeciallydesignedforthemotorcontroland
motioncontrolApplications.
ThegeneralpurposeTimer1inEVA(EventManagerA)isusedincontinuous
up/downcountmodeforthesymmetricPWMgeneration.Timershave
associatedcompareregisterswhichareusedtowritethecalculateddutyratio
values.
Thesevaluesthengetcomparedwiththetimercountervalueinorderto
generatethePWMoutput.
TheF281xandC281xcanbeclockedbyanexternaloscillatororbyacrystal
attachedtotheonchiposcillatorcircuit.APhaseLockedLoop(PLL)is
providedsupportingupto10 inputclockscalingratios.Thephaselockloop
controlregister(PLLCR);DIVbits(30)areusedtochangethePLLmultiplier
ofthedevice.WhentheCPUwritestotheDIVbits, thePLLlogicswitchesthe
CPUclock(CLKIN)toOSCCLK/2.
OncethePLLisstableandhaslockedatthenewspecifiedfrequency,thePLL
switchesCLKINtothenewfrequency
ProgrammingofTMS320F2812
DigitalSignalProcessor
Thecodedevelopmentiscarriedoutthroughanapplicationsuite
calledCodeComposerStudioTM (CCS).TheCodeComposerStudio
(CCS)providesanintegrateddevelopmentenvironment(IDE)to
incorporatethesoftwaretoolwhichisfullycompatibleandenablesthe
engineerstosimplifythesourcecode.
Ithasgraphicalcapabilitiesandsupportsrealtimedebugging.Fig(4)
showsthecodecomposerwindow.
The12bitADCmodulehas16channels,configurableastwo
independent8channelmodulestoserviceeventmanagersAandB.
Thetwoindependent8channelmodulescanbecascadedtoforma16
channelmodule.Althoughtherearemultipleinputchannelsandtwo
sequencers,thereisonlyoneconverterintheADCmodule.TheADC
ofDSPcouldbetriggeredbythesoftware,EVA/Bortheexternalpins.
equaltothesamplingfrequencyoftheADC.
BlockdiagramoftheF2812
ADCmodule
BuckConverterandDCMotor
Basicallythebuckconverterisastepdownconverter.
DCtoDCconvertersareinherentlynonlineardueto
switchingoperation.
TheregulationisnormallyachievedbythePWM
(markspaceratio)atfixedfrequency.
TheswitchingdeviceispowerMOSFET,whichhas
lowlossesathighfrequencyandarevoltage
controlled.
HerebuckconverterisusedtogivetheregulatedDC
supplytotheDCmotoraccordingtothedutycycleof
input.
Buckconverterorstepdown
PracticalDriveCircuits
TodrivethepowerMOSFETofthechoppercircuitisneedsatleast
7Volt,andthePWMoutputfromDSPKitdoesnotexceed3.3Volt.
Therefore,anelectricalcircuitmustbedesignedtoamplifyoutput
signalandisolatetheDSPKitfromMOSFETgate.
Thiscircuitconsistsofthreestages,buffercircuit,Optocoupler circuit
andmatchingcircuit.Thepracticalisolatedfiringcircuitisshownin
Fig.(3).Alsofor3.3VADC,thesensingandamplificationstagesusually
mustproduceattheADCinputasignalswingof03.3V.
Thisistoachievemaximumsignalmagnitudeandsignaltonoiseratio
attheADCinput.Itisagoodpracticetouseanopampdrivercircuit
forsignalconditioningofinputanalog signalsandasabuffer.Theop
ampisolatestheADCactsasalowimpedancesourcetochargethe
samplecapacitorandconfiguredasagainbuffer.
Itprovideslow/stableoutputimpedanceandprotectstheADCinputs.
GATEDRIVERCIRCUIT
Codecomposerwindow.
ExperimentalResults
Thehardwaresystemhasbeendevelopedandtested
underlaboratoryconditions.The markspaceratio
outputfromTMS320F2812DSPwithdesiredswitching
frequencyofthe5KHz.Thesystemisdesignedinsuch
awayastogenerateaPWMsignalinwhichtheduty
cyclecanbevariedfromzerotoonehundredpercent.
TheDCmotorratingsthatareusedinthis.5hp,12volts.
Voltageacrossdspoutput
terminals(3.3v)
VoltageacrossMotor(for25%Ton)
Voltageacrossoutput(for50%Ton)
Voltageacrossmotor(for90%Ton)
Conclusion
TheresultswereobtainedbyconnectingDCmotorasa
loadwhichiscontrolledbyTMS320F2812DSP.
AlltheSimulationandexperimentalresultsdemonstrated
thevalidityofthesystemandshowedthattheDSPis
reliableinstrumenttocontrolthemotor.
Thesystemshowstheapplicabilitytodifferentsizesofthe
motorsandcapableofcontrollingthespeedofthemotors
withveryhighprecision.
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