World History 2014

WORLD HISTORY
Teacher: Ron Coleman

Grade: 10
California Standards
10.1 Students relate the moral and ethical
principles in ancient Greek and Roman
philosophy, in Judaism, and in Christianity to
the development of Western political thought.
10.2 Students compare and contrast the
Glorious Revolution of England, the American
Revolution, and the French Revolution and
their enduring effects worldwide on the political
expectations for self-government and
individual liberty.
10.3 Students analyze the effects of the
Industrial Revolution in England, France,
Germany, Japan, and the United States.
10.4 Students analyze patterns of global change in
the era of New Imperialism in at least two of the
following regions or countries: Africa, Southeast
Asia, China, India, Latin America, and the
Philippines.
10.5 Students analyze the causes and course of
the First World War.
10.6 Students analyze the effects of the First
World War.
10.7 Students analyze the rise of totalitarian
governments after World War I.
10.8 Students analyze the causes and
consequences of World War II.
10.9 Students analyze the international
developments in the post-World World War II
world.
10.10 Students analyze instances of nation-
building in the contemporary world in at least two
of the following regions or countries: the Middle
East, Africa, Mexico and other parts of Latin
America, and China.
10.11 Students analyze the integration of
countries into the world economy and the
information, technological, and communications
revolutions (e.g., television, satellites,
computers).
The Democratic Tradition (2000 B.C. A.D. 1689)
Chapter 1 Section 1 Notes # 1
Greek Civilizations Began to thrive 3,500 years ago
City-State Is a political unit made up of a city and the
surrounding lands. The Greek word for city-state is Polis.
Sparta A Greek city-state known for their military ideology.
Hoplite A wooden shield covered in Bronze 3 feet in
Diameter. Used in a Phalanx formation.
Athens Another Greek city that developed the idea of
democracy which means government by the people.
Tyrant Leaders who gain power by force.
Solon - reformed Athens by outlawing debt slavery
opening high offices to more citizens, and giving the assembly
more power in government.

The Persian wars A series a wars between the Persian
empire and the Greek city-states
The age of Pericles The years after the Persian Wars were
a golden age for Athens and a period of democratic growth
under the able statesman Pericles in which Athens became
powerful.
Jury Athenians were required to serve on a panel of citizens
who judge the outcome of a trial as part of their Civic duty
The Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens began a war
that lasted 27 years. with the help of Persia, Sparta captured
Athens and stripped it of its fleet and empire.

Class Quiz #1
1. At what age did Spartans begin military training?
A) 7 B) 10 C) 13 D) 16

2. Who was Pericles?
A) leader of Athens B) ruler of Persia C) Spartan warrior D) Darius's son

3. A series a wars between the Persian empire and the Greek city-
states?
A) Gallic Wars B) Persian Wars C) Egyptian Wars D) Indian Wars

4. Which of the following was NOT a reform made by Solon of Athens?
A) Increasing the restrictions on citizenship B) Outlawed debt slavery
C) Opened high offices to more citizens D) Gave the assembly more power

5. People who gain power by force are known as
A) oligarchs. B) citizens. C) Spartans. D) tyrants.

Quick Write #1
In Athens only land owning
males were citizens. If you got
to decide who is a citizen in
the U.S. What would be the
qualifications?

http://www.youtube.com/watch
?feature=player_detailpage&v
=Q-mkVSasZIM

Philosophy An organized system of thought. Philosopher
means Love of wisdom
Socrates was a Classical Greek philosopher. Credited as
one of the founders of Western philosophy. Developed the
Socratic Method which is a question and answer technique
used to examine life. Was tried for corrupting the youth and
disrespecting the gods.
The student of Socrates - Plato was as much influenced by
Socrates and by his teacher's unjust death. He became
troubled by the possible corruption of Direct Democracy. The
masses of people of easily swayed.
Plato - Plato wrote about the Ideal state in book The
Republic. In it he divided his ideal society into three classes
workers to produce life's necessities, soldiers to defend the
state, and philosophers to rule

Aristotle Favored a constitutional form of government
called the polity. He promoted Reason as a guiding force in
life. He was a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the
Great. He wrote on many subjects, including physics,
metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, rhetoric, politics,
government, ethics, biology, and zoology.
Aristotles Contribution to western Culture He was the
first to create a comprehensive system of Western
philosophy, encompassing morality and aesthetics, logic and
science, politics and metaphysics
Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle are the most important
founding figures in Western philosophy.

Class Quiz #2
1. Which of the following was NOT a class in Plato's ideal society?
A) priests B) workers C) soldiers D) philosopher-rulers

2. Who criticized the Sophists and helped people find moral truths?
A) Socrates B) Sophocles C) Euripides D) Aeschylus

3. Plato's most famous student who analyzed forms of government was
A) Euripides. B) Herodotus. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

4. An organized system of thought which means Love of wisdom
A) Science B) Mathematics C) Philosophy C) Art

5. the first to create a comprehensive system of Western philosophy
A)Plato. B) Herodotus. C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

Quick Write #2
Why do you think that many
people in Athens felt
threatened by the questions
Socrates asked? Do you
think it is good to question
your government and
leaders?

The Hellenistic civilization - was a blend of Persian,
Greek, Egyptian, and Indian influence
King Philip II Ruler of Macedonia admired the
greek culture and sought to defeated the city-states
of Athens and Thebes and bring all of Greece under
one control. Philip had, after lengthy campaigns and
diplomatic manuvers, managed to bring most of the
city-states of mainland Greece under Macedonian
control in a League of Corinth.
Stoicism A philosophy that avoided desire and
taught to accept what ever life brought.

Alexander Son of Philip, and popularly known as Alexander
the Great he was an Ancient Greek king of Macedon. Born in
Pella in 356 BC.
Alexander succeeded his father Philip II of Macedon to the
throne in 336 BC, and died in Babylon in 323 BC at the age of
32
Alexander the Great After he took over his fathers thrown
he proceeded to Conquer the Persian empire and the lands
through Asia minor, Palestine and Egypt. He pushed almost
through to the Indian ocean when his troops begged him to
stop and return home.
Alexanders contribution to Western Culture his most
important contribution to the world was the spread of Greek
values

Class Quiz #3
1. Who was Alexander the Greats teacher/tutor?
A)Plato. B) Herodotus.
C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

2. A philosophy that avoided desire and taught to accept
what ever life brought
A) Reason B) Stoicism
C) Philosophy D) Classical Greek

3. Which of the following cultures was NOT part of the
blend that created the Hellenistic civilization?
A)Gallic B) Persian C) Egyptian D) Indian

4. Ruler of Macedonia sought to defeated the city-states of
Athens and Thebes and bring all of Greece under his
control.
A) Alexander. B) Phillip II.
C) Socrates. D) Aristotle.

5. Alexander the Greats most important contribution to the
Western world
A) Conquering Asia
B) Becoming King of Persia
C) Spreading Greek values
D) Ruling the world

Quick Write #3
Can you think of any
situation that you would like
to have been Stoic or
otherwise feel/react to any
emotion?

http://www.youtube.com/wat
ch?feature=player_detailpag
e&v=0LsrkWDCvxg

The Etruscans Ruled much of Central Italy including
Rome. Led by a Aristocracy and a King.
Ancient Rome - a civilization that grew out of a small
agricultural community founded on the Italian Peninsula
known as the Latins.
The Republic Romans drove out the Etruscans and
established a government where some officials were chosen
by the people
The Senate The main governing body of the republic made
up of Patricians who served for life
Patricians - the Land owning upper class
Consuls Two senators were elected each year to serve as
a Consul and preside over the Senate

Tribunes Officials elected by the Plebeians to act in their
interest
Veto An action taken to block another action of government
or law. Consuls had Veto power over each other, and The
Roman tribunes could block a law they felt was harmful to
plebeians through a veto.
Dictator A ruler that has complete control over the
government. In the event of war, the senate might choose a
dictator who was granted power to rule for six months.
Patrician The wealthy land owning citizens of Rome who
made up the senate.
Plebeian The common people, In time plebeians gained
the rights to be appointed to high offices and could become
senators.

Class Quiz #4
1. What right did plebeians NOT gain over time?
A) allowed to serve as consuls. B) appointed to high offices.
C) were taxed Heavily. D) could become senators.

2. Which two people from the Senate supervised the business of government
and commanded the Roman armies?
A) Dictators B) consuls C) plebeians D) tribunes

3. The act of blocking laws is called a
A) res publica. B) consul. C) legion. D) veto.

4. In what from of government do people chose some of the officials?
A) Republic B) oligarchy C) Direct Democracy D) monarchy

5. How was the power of Roman consuls limited?
A) They were elected by the general population and served a King.
B) They served only one term and approved each other's decisions.

Quick Write #4
absolute power corrupts
absolutely
What does the saying mean?
How do you think it influenced
the Roman Republic?
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAgA6G75XsI
&feature=player_detailpage

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_de
tailpage&v=oPf27gAup9U

The Punic Wars - Between 264 B.C. and 146 B.C., Rome
fought three wars against Carthage. They are called the
Punic Wars.
The conquest of Gaul - In 58 B.C., Julius Caesar set out to
make new conquests Rome. After nine years of fighting, he
completed the conquest of Gaul
Julius Caesar Emerged from Romes civil war with
Pompeii to take charge of the republic. He passed reforms
that benefited the poor, gave citizenship to conquered
peoples, but was assassinated by the senate.
Augustus Caesar means the Exalted or beloved Julius
Caesars nephew Octavian changed his name to Augustus
after gaining power. Under Augustus Caesar, who ruled until
A.D. 14, the 500-year-old republic ended and the age of the
Roman empire began

Pax Romana Roman Peace The government that
Augustus set up lasted for 200 years and brought peace,
order, unity, and prosperity to the empire
The Twelve Tables A simple set of written laws for people to
follow. Written in Greek and Latin
Law of Nations a series of laws based on nature and
peoples ability to reason, which is a key idea of the American
Declaration of Independence
Justinians Code After the collapse of the Roman Empire,
the Byzantine Empire adopted the laws and codes of Rome
and organized them into a single code that has influenced
English Common Law and American civil law.
Greco-Roman - The blending of Greek, Hellenistic, and
Roman traditions into what is known as Greco-Roman
civilization.

Class Quiz #5
1. The Roman Empire began under the rule of
A) Julius Caesar. B) Augustus Caesar. C) Hadrian. D) Nero.

2. The Punic Wars were fought between Rome and
A) Gaul. B) Spain. C) Macedonia. D) Carthage

3. Which Roman leader completed the conquest of Gaul?
A) Julius Caesar B) Gaius Gracchus C) Tiberius D) Hadrian

4. Greco-roman civilization was a blend of what traditions?
A) Egyptian, Macedonian, and Hungarian
B) Hellenistic, Greek, and Middle Eastern
C) Greek, Hellenistic, and Roman

5. Which was a key Greco-Roman contribution to Western legal tradition?
A) Rule of King B) Military Power C) Rule of Law D) Empire Building

Quick Write #5
Can you think of any months
named after Roman leaders
such as Augustus, Octavian,
Julius. What would your
month be named?
The Israelites - believed they were God's "chosen people"
because God declared in his covenant with Abraham his
descendants.
Monotheistic the belief that there was only one god.
The Torah - the Israelites recorded events and laws in their
most sacred text the Torah in which the first book is Genesis,
and is about the origin of everything.
Exodus According to the Torah Moses led the Israelites out
of Egypt. the Israelites reached Canaan after 40 years
The Ten Commandments A set of Ten basic moral laws
that lay at the core of Judaism
King Solomon - His building projects required such high
taxes and so much forced labor that revolts erupted after he
died about 922 B.C. Causing a split between Judea & Israel

Nebuchadnezzar The king of Babylonian destroyed the
great temple of Israel, he also forced many of those he
defeated into exile in Babylon.
Diaspora Begins with the Babylonian conquer. Over the
next 500 years Jews will be exiled, while other Jews move
from their homeland due to discontent with political rulers to
different parts of the world
Cyrus The Persian King conquered Babylon and released
the Israelites to return back to their homeland known as
Judea and they became known as Jews.
Pompeii The Roman General conquered Palestine and
the capital city Jerusalem turning it into a province of ROME.

Class Quiz #6
1. The Israelites were monotheistic, meaning they believed in
A) patriarchy. B) the Torah. C) many gods. D) one god.

2. When Nebuchadnezzar destroyed the great temple, where did many Jews
go?
A) Judah B) Europe C) Babylon D) Egypt

3. The 500 years during which many Jews moved from their homeland to
different parts of the word is knows as the
A) Exodus. B) Diaspora. C) Sabbath. D) Covenant.

4. Who led the Israelites out of bondage in Egypt?
A) Solomon B) Saul C) Abraham D) Moses

5) Universal laws that every Hebrew/Israelite had to follow no mater if they are
king or poor
A) Ten Commandments. B)Rule of Law. C) Seven Universals.
Quick Write #6
If you belonged to a group
of people that had been
dispersed throughout the
world would you ever feel
the desire to return?

Chapter 1 Section 4 Notes #7
Christianity - arose Under Roman control during the Pax
Romana period when Judaism experienced a division in
religion.
Jesus Born in Bethlehem he preached in provinces of
Galilee and Judea, where he accepted Jewish tradition.
Referring to himself as the son of God, he proclaimed that his
mission was to bring salvation and eternal life to anyone that
believed
Parables - Jesus often used parables, or short stories with
simple moral lessons, to communicate his ideas.
Paul spread Christianity to the gentiles, non-Jews, and
separated Christianity from Judaism
Christian Community - to join the Christian community, a
person had to be baptized, or blessed with holy water.

Christian missionaries - like Paul used ideas from Plato
and other Greek thinkers to explain Jesus' message.
Rome - had a long history of tolerance, or acceptance, of
varied religious traditions. That tolerant attitude did not
extend to Christianity because Christians did not honor
Roman gods or make sacrifices to the emperor.
Christian persecution Many were killed for beliefs. They
became known as martyrs
Christian Appeal The Belief in equality before God and the
promise of a better life after death brought wide spread
support by the common people of the Roman Empire.
The Edict of Milan Issued by Constantine The First Holy
Roman Emperor ended the persecution of Christians by
granting the freedom of worship to all citizens of Rome
Only men were eligible to become members of the Christian
clergy, or the group of people who conducted Christian
services.
The Pope - patriarch of Rome, began to claim authority over
all other bishops

Class Quiz #7
1. How did Jesus communicate his ideas through?
A) Folktales B) Epics C) Parables D) Poems

2. Christians who were persecuted and killed were known as
A) clergy. B) heretics. C) martyrs. D) saints.

3. People had to first do what in order to join the Christian community?
A) Marry a Christian B) Travel to Jerusalem
C) Get baptized D) Participate in the Eucharist

4. Which Jew from Asia Minor did the most to spread Christianity?
A) Paul B) Constantine C) Nero D) Peter

5) 10. What group of people came to be called popes?
A) Clergy of Antioch B) Disciples of Jerusalem
C) Bishops of Rome D) Patriarchs of Rome

Quick Write #7

Feudalism a system for structuring society around relationships
derived from the holding of land in exchange for service or labor. It
developed because kings and emperors were too weak to maintain law
and order while also facing invasions.
William of Normandy called William the Conqueror , In 1066 he and
his knights triumphed at the Battle of Hastings over the Saxons and he
became king of England.
Absolute Monarch - A king or queen with complete authority over the
government.
Magna Carta - In 1215, a group of rebellious barons cornered King
John and forced him to sign the Magna Carta, or great charter which
granted no "freeman" could be punished except through the law of the
land, a right that still exists under English law today
The Model Parliament - During the 1200s, the Great Council was
called on for advise from the king it later evolved Into Parliament
The Hundred Years' War - a series of conflicts waged from 1337 to
1453, between England and the French throne. Parliament began to
require that the king meet their demands before they would allow new
taxes to fund the war.
The English Civil War - was a series of armed conflicts between
Parliamentarians ("Roundheads") and Royalists ("Cavaliers") over the
manner of its government
The Petition of Right June 7, 1628 a major English constitutional
document that sets out specific liberties of the subject that the king is
prohibited from infringing.
The English Bill of Rights - laid out certain basic rights for all
Englishmen. It limits the powers of the crown and sets out the rights
of Parliament.
Glorious Revolution - William and Mary were invited to become joint
sovereigns of England and restore the Crown.
Class Quiz #8
1. King John was forced to sign a charter called the
A) Magna Carta. B) Habeas Corpus.
C) Domesday Book. D) Constitution.

2. A king or queen with complete authority over the
government is a(n)
A) Emperor. B) Tsar.
C) Fascist. D) Absolute monarch.

3. Who became king of England after the Battle of Hastings?
A) John B) Edward I
C) William the Conqueror D) Henry II

Class Quiz #8
4. Feudalism emerged mainly as a means of
A) gaining wealth. B) protection and control.
C) expansion. D) increasing trade.

4. The Glorious Revolution and English Bill of Rights
created a(n)
A) democracy. B) absolute monarchy.
C) dictatorship. D) limited monarchy.

Quick Write:
Do you believe that No one
will give up power willingly?
Must rights always be fought
for?
The Enlightenment and America (1700 - 1800)
The Scientific Revolution - The scientific discoveries of the
1500s and 1600s led Europeans to believe in the power of
reason. It how people looked at the world and was the event
which revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment.
Natural Law - refers to the use of reason to analyze human
nature both social and personal and develop rules of moral
behavior from it.
Immanuel Kant - author of Critique of Pure Reason, was the
first to describe his times as "enlightened."
laissez faire - allowing business to operate with little or no
government interference.
The physiocrats - claimed that their ideas about economic
reforms were based on the natural laws of economics. They
urged a policy of laissez faire.

Adam Smith - In The Wealth of Nations, Smith tried to show how
manufacturing, trade, wages, profits, and economic growth were
all linked to the market forces of supply and demand. He favored
a laissez faire economy
Voltaire - probably the most famous of the philosophes, used
biting wit to expose the abuses of his day. He was quoted as
saying "My trade is to say what I think."
Jean-Jacques Rousseau - believed the good of the community
as a whole was most important. He called it the "general will" or
best conscience of the people, and that community should be
placed above individual interests.
Thomas Hobbes He is best known today for his work on
political philosophy. His 1651 book Leviathan established social
contract theory, the foundation of most later Western political
philosophy.

Social Contract - individuals have consented to surrender some
of their freedoms and submit to the authority of the government in
exchange for protection of their remaining rights.
John Locke - an English philosopher regarded as one of the most
influential of Enlightenment thinkers and known as the "Father of
Classical Liberalism". His contributions to classical republicanism
and liberal theory are reflected in the United States Declaration of
Independence.

Class Quiz #9
1. Who is the author of Leviathan?
A) Baron de Montesquieu B) Adam Smith
C) John Locke D) Thomas Hobbes

2. Who were the physiocrats?
A) French thinkers known as philosophes
B) French thinkers who focused on economics
C) religious thinkers of the noble class
D) British scientists

3. "My trade is to say what I think." Who said this?
A) Locke B) Voltaire
C) Diderot D) Rousseau

Class Quiz #9
4. What event revolutionized thinking and led to the Enlightenment?
A) the American Revolution
B) the Scientific Revolution
C) the Reformation
D) the Franco-Prussian War

5. According to laissez-faire economist Adam Smith, a government
should
A) acquire gold and silver wealth through trade.
B) impose tariffs to protect local manufacturing.
C) let free market forces drive the economy.
D) regulate the wages, hours, and working conditions of laborers.

Quick Write:
Have you agreed to live
within the social contract of
America?

The first Encyclopedia a collection of articles that were
written on government practices by several leading thinkers of
the day. The French government reacted to the publication by
saying it was an attack on public morals.
Censorship - A restricting of access to ideas and information, It
was used by governments to protect themselves from the attacks
of Enlightenment thinkers.
Free and equal A slogan used by the philosophes did not
apply to women. Although the philosophes said women had
natural rights, those rights were restricted to home and family.
Montesquieu his ideas about separation of powers into three
branches of Government influenced the Framers of the U.S.
Constitution such as John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, and James
Madison.

Catherine the Great - an enlightened despot who ruled Russia,
implemented some Enlightenment ideas, such as abolishing
torture, but kept a firm grip on her powers as empress.
Joseph II began began to modernize Austria's government
despite opposition. He supported religious equality, ended
censorship, sold property of many monasteries not devoted to
humanist ends and gave it to those who were, and even
abolished serfdom.
Rococo style a lighter, elegant, and charming art style of the
Enlightenment. It moved away from religion and was lighter,
elegant, and charming.
Enlightened despots - Rulers who did accept some of the new
ideas of the Enlightenment, but who continued to hold
tremendous power, were called

Class Quiz #10
1. Which group of people did Montesquieu's ideas affect most?
A) scientists like Edward Jenner
B) social critics in Britain
C) European despots
D) the Framers of the U.S. Constitution

2. Who ruled Austria during the Age of Enlightenment, ending censorship
and abolishing serfdom during his reign?
A) Frederick the Great B) Daniel Defoe
C) Joseph II D) Franz Joseph Haydn

3. Which group of people did Montesquieu's ideas affect most?
A) scientists like Edward Jenner
B) social critics in Britain
C) European despots
D) the Framers of the U.S. Constitution

Class Quiz #10
4. After the publication of the first Encyclopedia the French government
react to it by ?
A) Declaring it an attack on public morals and censoring it.
B) sending a copy to every noble family in Paris.
C) claiming that only philosophers could make sense of it.
D) immediately incorporated it into their government processes.

5. Rulers who did accept some of the new ideas of the Enlightenment, but
who continued to hold tremendous power, were called
A) Salon Philosophers.
B) Enlightened despots.
C) Rococo Artist.
D) Great Leaders

Quick Write:
Joseph II would disguise himself
in peasant clothes and sneak
out of the castle to talk with
people who did not know who
he was and find out what the
people really thought.
That probably could not work
now due to the mass media. So,
What do you think the leaders of
our nation could do instead?
Britain imposed taxes and control of trade - To help pay the
costs of the Seven Years' and French and Indian Wars,
Parliament passed the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and a
Declaratory Act over the colonists which resulted in the American
colonists resentment of British rule.
The Navigation Acts - Britain was attempting to strengthen its
economy by exporting more than it imported. The Navigation Acts
were in place to regulate colonial trade and manufacturing.
Popular sovereignty - is the principle which states that all
government power comes from the people.
Benjamin Franklin - was a man of many talents and professions,
a philosopher, scientist, publisher, legislator, diplomat, and he
was a popular figure for his intellect and wit both in the United
States and abroad.

Thomas Jefferson In 1776, assigned the task of writing the
Declaration of Independence by the Continental Congress in The
1777 Battle of Saratoga - Because the French saw that the
Americans could in fact defeat the British in battle, they were
persuaded to join in the fight against their old rival.
Yorktown, Virginia - Washington forced the surrender of the
British army at Yorktown, Virginia, and two years later the British
signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war
Treaty of Paris - Two years after the British defeat at Yorktown,
the British signed the Treaty of Paris, ending the war and
recognizing the independence of the United States.
Articles of Confederation - The newly independent Americans
created a constitution, the Articles of Confederation, which proved
to be too weak for the new United States.

The American Constitution is the supreme law of the United
States of America. The Constitution delineates the national frame
of government. Its first three articles entrench the doctrine of the
separation of powers, whereby the federal government is divided
into three branches.
Class Quiz #11
1. The nation's first constitution was known as the
A) Treaty of Paris. B) Declaration of Independence.
C) Bill of Rights. D) Articles of Confederation.

2. Why was the American victory in the 1777 Battle of Saratoga
significant?
A) Britain recognized the independence of the United States.
B) The Articles of Confederation were abolished.
C) France was persuaded to join the Americans.
D) The United States issued the Bill of Rights.

3. Who was the principal author of the Declaration of Independence?
A) John Adams B) George Washington
C) James Madison D) Thomas Jefferson

Class Quiz #11
4. Why did the American colonists resent British rule?
A) Britain imposed taxes and allowed no representation.
B) Britain offered to sell the colonies to France.
C) Freedom of religion was not allowed.
D) The British king took away land from colonists unlawfully

5. After signing which of the following documents did Great
Britain recognize the independence of the United States?
A) Declaration of Independence
B) Treaty of Paris
C) Treaty of Yorktown
D) Treaty of Utrecht

Quick Write:
One American Revolution
Slogan was No taxation
without representation The
colonist were unhappy over
not having a say in
government.
Do you feel that average
Americans have a say in
government now?
UNIT 1 TEST
Chapter 1&2
The French Revolution (1789 - 1815)
The Ancien rgime - The social system in 1789 France that
emerged in the Middle Ages, consisting of three social classes
called The Estates in France (1) the clergy, (2) the nobles, and
(3) the rest of society
The Third Estate - The vast majority of the French population
was made up of the Third Estate, comprised of the bourgeoisie,
officials who staffed the royal bureaucracy, lawyers, doctors,
professors, skilled artisans, and peasants.
The Estates General - was a legislative body in France
consisting of representatives from the three estates. The French
king had not called the Estates-General for 175 years for fear
that the nobles would use it to recover powers they had lost
under absolute rule
Cahiers - In preparation for the Estates-General, Louis XVI had
all three estates prepare cahiers, or notebooks, listing their
grievances
The National Assembly - the Third Estate Claimed to represent
the people of France, delegates of the Third Estate declared
themselves to be the National Assembly in June 1789.
The Tennis Court Oath - Claiming to represent France, the
National Assembly met and delivered the Tennis Court Oath,
swearing "never to separate and to meet wherever the
circumstances might require until we have established a sound
and just constitution."
Storming the Bastille - The crowd assembled outside of the
Bastille on July 14, 1789, demanding weapons and gunpowder
believed to be stored there.

Class Quiz #12
1. Under the __________, everyone in France was divided into one of
three social classes.
A) ancien rgime B) Tennis Court Oath
C) deficit spending D) Estates-General

2. The three social classes in France in 1789 were made up of what
groups?
A) the king, the court, and the rest of society
B) nobles, clergy, and the rest of society
C) the church, the bourgeoisie, and the peasants
D) the bourgeoisie, the peasants, and the rest of society

3. Which group made up the vast majority of French society in the 1780s?
A) the clergy B) the First Estate
C) the nobles D) the Third Estate

Class Quiz #12
4. Claiming to represent France, the National Assembly met
and delivered
A) the Tennis Court Oath. B) Jacques Necker.
C) deficit spending. D) the Bastille.

5. Paris Citizens hoping to find weapons decided to
A) Storm the Bastille
B) Attack English traders
C) Arrest the First Estate members
D) Sell Bread in the Streets

Quick Write:
Who do the three people represent?
Why do you suppose the two are
afraid of the third standing up?
The sans-culotte - literally meaning "without breeches" because
they favored wearing long trousers, were working-class men and
women who pushed the revolution into more radical action.
A Republic - By 1791, many sans-culottes demanded a republic,
or government ruled by elected officials instead of a monarch.
The French Revolution - dislodged the old social order,
overthrew the monarchy, and put the French Catholic Church
under state control.
Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen - As a first
step towards writing a constitution, the National Assembly issued
the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen, which was
modeled in part on the American Declaration of Independence.

European rulers - were afraid of having their privileges, their
property, their religion, and their lives threatened if the French
revolutionary ideas were to spread. Even "enlightened" rulers
turned against France.
The Declaration of Pilnitz - The king of Prussia and the emperor
of Austria (Marie Antoinette's brother) issued the Declaration of
Pilnitz, threatening to intervene to protect the French monarchy.
France declares war - The French declared war on Austria,
Prussia, Britain and other nations which had Monarchs. The great
powers expected an easy victory over the French since France
was divided by revolution and facing crises at home.
Marquis de Lafayette - was the aristocratic "hero of two worlds"
who fought alongside George Washington in the American
Revolution.

Olympe de Gouges - a journalist, In 1791 She demanded equal
rights in her Declaration of the Rights of Women and the Female
Citizen

Class Quiz #13
1. What form of government was demanded by the sans-culottes?
A) migr B) faction
C) Republic D) monarchy

2. The French Revolution dislodged the old social order, overthrew the
monarchy, and
A) brought about the acquisition of much new land.
B) brought the Church under state control.
C) joined France with Spain in an alliance.
D) elevated the rights of both men and women.

3. Who was known as a "hero of two worlds?"
A) Olympe de Gouges B) Jacobins
C) Marie Antoinette D) Marquis de Lafayette

Class Quiz #13
4. The French declared war on Austria, Prussia, Britain, and others, which
caused those great powers to react in what way?
A) They would not fight with the French.
B) They were afraid of the revolutionaries' strength.
C) They expected an easy victory.
D) They had sympathy for the radicals.

5. European rulers opposed the French Revolution because
A) it promoted the French monarchy.
B) they were afraid that revolutionary ideas would spread to their own countries.
C) it granted more power to the French Catholic Church.
D) the disruptions in France threatened world trade.

Quick Write:
90% percent of Frances
wealth was owned by just
10% of Population before
the revolution.
What if I told you that in
America today a similar
situation exist?
"September massacres" - Citizens attacked prisons that held
nobles and priests accused of political crimes. About 1,200
prisoners were killed; many were ordinary criminals.
The New Radical Assembly - In 1792, radicals took control of
the Assembly, abolished the monarchy, and declared France a
republic.
King Louis XVI - was put on trail as a traitor and sentenced to
death as a threat to the republic.
Maximilien Robespierre nicknamed "the incorruptible had
embraced the enlightenment thinker Rousseaus idea of the
general will over the individual will as the source of all legitimate
law. He threw aside liberty and individual freedom and was one of
the main architects of the Reign of Terror.
The guillotine - was the engine of the Terror, and soon became a
symbol of horror.

Reign of Terror Lasted about one year between 1793-1794,
and saw courts conduct quick trials and death sentences handed
out in the name of securing France from enemies.
Suffrage - The Assembly offered right to vote to all male citizens,
not just those who owned property.
French National Anthem - "La Marseillaise" as troops marched
From the port city of Marseilles they sang against the "bloody
banner of tyranny." This song, "La Marseillaise," would later
become the French national anthem.
Nationalism - a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's
country, spread throughout France.
Napoleon - As chaos threatened, politicians turned to Napoleon
Bonaparte, a popular military hero who had won a series of
brilliant victories against the Austrians in Italy

Class Quiz #14
1. What happened during the "September massacres"?
A) Citizens killed approximately 1,200 prisoners.
B) Citizens killed the king and queen of France.
C) Louis XVI's supporters killed approximately 500 French citizens.
D) Louis XVI's supporters killed suspect members of the noble classes.

2. In 1792, radicals took control of the Assembly, abolished the monarchy,
and
A) rejected constitutional government.
B) surrendered to the Prussian army.
C) declared France a republic.
D) ended the war with the other nations of Europe.

3. Robespierre was one of the main architects of the
A) Reign of Terror. B) suffrage.
C) radicals. D) guillotine.

Class Quiz #14

4. The __________ was a symbol of horror.
A) Suffrage
B) Marseilles
C) Guillotine
D) nationalism

5. suffrage was extended to
A) only to property owners.
B) to men and women.
C) to all male citizens.
D) only to Nobels.

Quick Write:
The guillotine is still a symbol
of horror. Have you ever seen
images of one during
Halloween? Imagine this; If
you they particularly wanted to
punish you they laid you in it
facing up so you could see the
blade. Do you think these
machine would stop crime if
used today?

Napoleon Bonaparte Helps to overthrow the Directory of
France and establish a new ruling body know as the Consulate.
He then declares himself consul for life.
Plebiscite A popular vote by ballot used by Napoleon to justify
him claims. France supported Napoleon by votes
Emperor At his Coronation he took the crown from the pope
and placed it on his own head, Napoleon meant to show that he
owed his throne to no one but himself
Napoleonic Code a set of laws that encouraged religious
tolerance, equality of men, and ended feudalism
The Concert of Europe - was a system in which nations met
periodically to discuss any problems affecting the peace of
Europe.
The Congress of Vienna - hoped to create a lasting peace by
establishing a balance of power and protecting the system of
monarchy. Redrawing the map of Europe was one attempt to
balance the power.
Annexed Napoleon adds to his empire the Netherlands,
Belgium, Germany, parts of Italy, and well into Prussia including
Poland
Forceful Control Napoleon controlled Spain by making his
brother the King. He also forced Russia and Austria to sign
treaties.
Continental System Napoleon prepared for war against
England by closing all European shipping ports
Battle of Trafalgar The British Fleet under Admiral Horatio
Nelson smashed the French Fleet

War of 1812 - Britain and France blocked European ports in their
struggle with each other. Both seized neutral ships suspected of
trading with the other side. British attacks on American ships
angered Americans and triggered the war of 1812.
Class Quiz #15
1. What was one of the chief goals of the Congress of Vienna?
A) to punish France B) to create a united Europe
C) to create a lasting peace D) to strengthen France

2. The __________ was a system in which nations met periodically to
discuss any problems affecting the peace of Europe.
A) Napoleonic Code B) Continental System
C) Congress of Vienna D) Concert of Europe

3. Napoleon became emperor through what act?
A) the pope placed the crown on his head
B) the nobles put him in power
C) Napoleon had the favor of Louis XVI
D) Napoleon placed the crown on his own head

Class Quiz #15

4. Napoleon used this ballot to justify him claims.
A) Annex B) Napoleonic Code
C) Plebiscite D) Continental System

5. What event triggered the War of 1812?
A) Napoleon's reinstitution of serfdom and manorial dues
B) Napoleon's creation of the Consulate
C) Britain's attacks on American ships
D) Britain's alliance with Spain

Revolt in Europe & Latin America (1790-1848)
Universal manhood suffrage - refers to giving all adult men the
right to vote. By the late 1800's liberals began to support the
principle of universal manhood.
Liberal and conservative philosophies - in early 19th century
Europe Liberals wanted governments to be based on written
constitutions and separation of powers, while conservatives
supported the monarchy.
Ideologies - are systems of thought and belief, which
conservatives and liberals fought over in Europe in the early to
mid 1800's.
The Austrian, Russian, and Ottoman empires - each contained
diverse groups of inhabitants, and many of these groups had their
own feelings of identity. These groups that shared a common
heritage began to have feelings of nationalism.

Nationalism - or pride in or devotion to one's country, was an
inevitable result of the Russian, Austrian, and Ottoman conquest
of neighboring territories.
Prince Clemens von Metternich's - urged monarchs to oppose
freedom of the press, crush protests in their own countries, and
send troops to douse the flames of rebellion in neighboring lands.
Serbia and Greece - both successfully fought and won their
independence. Greece won independence from the Ottoman
Empire in 1830, as did Serbia shortly thereafter.
Autonomy - means self-rule. Examples of people that
successfully fought for their autonomy include the Greeks and
Serbs, both against the Ottomans.
mid-1800's - social reformers were considered to be agitators
because they urged workers to support socialism
Class Quiz #16
1. People fighting for their autonomy are hoping to attain
A) their natural rights. B) respect.
C) more territory. D) self-rule.

2. Serbia and Greece both successfully fought which nation for their
independence?
A) Russia B) Austria
C) the Ottoman Empire D) Germany

3. Universal manhood suffrage refers to
A) the responsibility of the government to protect people's rights.
B) the belief that African-Americans should have the right to vote.
C) giving all adult men the right to vote.
D) a certain set of rules that all people worldwide should be guaranteed.

Class Quiz #16
4. Which of the following best describes Prince Clemens von Metternich's
response to the struggle to establish natural rights and constitutional
governments throughout Europe?
A) Metternich joined the cause as a defender of the rights of the common man.
B) Metternich served as a mediator and helped to maintain peace between the
two sides.
C) Metternich led from France to his native Austria out of fear of a possible
uprising.
D) Metternich urged monarchs to crush rebellions in their countries and to help
crush rebellions in neighboring lands.

5. Conservatives and liberals represented different
A) areas. B) ideologies.
C) nations. D) academic levels
Quick Write:
Liberal typically means
Progressive forward thinking
while Conservative typically
defends traditional customs
and values
What would you consider
yourself?
Belgium - In 1830, news of the Paris uprising ignited a
revolutionary spark in Belgium to seek independence. Belgium
successfully gained independence in 1831.
The "citizen king - In 1830, Louis Philippe was installed as king
of France by moderate liberals after Charles X was forced to
abdicate his throne. Louis Philippe became known as the "citizen
king' because he owed his throne to the people
"February Days' of 1848 - During the "February Days' of 1848,
Louis Philippe abdicated the throne, allowing a group of liberal,
radical, and socialist leaders to proclaim the Second Republic.
The French constitution - created by the National Assembly for
the Second Republic, which gave the vote to all adult men,
occurred prior to the election of Napoleon III.

"June Days" - During June 1848, furious workers took to the
streets of Paris, and at least 1,500 people were killed before the
government crushed the rebellion.
Italian and German revolts of 1848 - Reform movements and
strong nationalist sentiments existed in both nations. The want for
political reforms led both nations, Italy and Germany, to revolt in
1848.
Napoleon III - Louis Napoleon received conservative support
because he was the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte and with the
support of the working class he was brought to power. Soon after,
he used his new power to end the brief Second Republic by taking
the name Napoleon III and declaring himself emperor in 1852.

Hungarian nationalists - led by journalist Louis Kossuth and
other Hungarian nationalists wanted an independent government,
an end to serfdom, and a written constitution, but they were
against the continued rule of the monarchy
The French Revolution of 1848 - unleashed a tidal wave of
revolution across Europe, including Hungarian and Czech revolts
against Austrian rule. In addition, the granting of universal
manhood suffrage after the revolution allowed for the election of
Louis Napoleon as president.

Class Quiz #17
1. Which of the following men was known as the "citizen king'?
A) Louis Philippe B) Charles X
C) Louis XVIII D) Frederick William IV

2. At least 1,500 people were killed in 1848 during which period of revolt in
France?
A) "February Days B) "March Denunciations"
C) "June Days D) "Prague Spring

3. What nation successfully gained independence in 1831 following the
spread of revolutionary ideas in 1830?
A) Czechoslovakia B) Poland
C) Italy D) Belgium

Class Quiz #17
4. The French constitution created by the National Assembly for the
Second Republic gave?
A) Napoleon III all the power.
B) Turned France into a socialist nation.
C) gave the right to vote to all adult men
D) Denied Italy and Germany liberty

5. Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the rule of
Napoleon III?
A) He supported the constitution created by the National Assembly that gave
the vote to all adult men.
B) He ended the brief Second Republic by declaring himself emperor in 1852.
C) He was brought to power with the support of the working class.
D) He received conservative support because he was the nephew of Napoleon
Bonaparte.

Quick Write:
Why do you think the idea of
independence and the
freedom to choice your own
government is so powerful
and spread so fast?
Do you understand why the
American revolution was the
shot heard around world
now?
Toussaint L'Ouverture - began a slave revolt in Haiti in 1791,
succeeding in abolishing control of most of the island and
abolishing slavery by 1798. Although eventually caught and
imprisoned by the French, L'Ouverture's leadership helped Haiti to
declare their independence from France in 1804.
Peninsulares - the highest social class in Latin American, were
Spanish-born and dominated political and social life.
Creoles - although directly descended from Europeans, were
considered to be second-class citizens since they weren't born in
Europe. The Creoles, who owned the haciendas, ranches, and
mines bitterly resented this status.
Meztizos - Over the hundreds of years of European settlement in
Latin America, Native Americans and Europeans increasingly
mixed, resulting in the birth of large numbers of mestizos.
.

Mulattoes - As the slave trade grew in Latin America, mixing among
people of European and African ancestry led to the birth of large
numbers of mulattoes
Simn Bolvar - played a key role in Latin America's successful
struggle for independence from the Spanish Empire, During his
lifetime, he led Venezuela, Colombia (including Panama at the time),
Ecuador, Peru and Bolivia to independence from the Spanish Empire
Don Jos de San Martn - was an Argentine general and leader of
the southern part of South America's successful struggle for
independence from the Spanish Empire. His Army crossed the
Andes from Argentina and defeated Spanish forces in Chile.
Dom Pedro advised by his father, the king of Portugal, Dom Pedro
declared Brazil independent and crowned himself emperor.

The independent Republic of Mexico - Agustn de Iturbide
gathered an army of Creoles, mestizos, and Native Americans
and overthrew the Spanish viceroy, whereupon he took the title
Agustn I. However, liberal Mexicans overthrew him in 1821 in
order to prevent the establishment of a monarchy and to create
the independent Republic of Mexico.
Class Quiz #18

1. __________, the highest social class in Latin American, were Spanish-
born and dominated political and social life.
A) Mestizos B) Creoles
C) Peninsulares D) Mulattoes

2. Latin Americans that were descendents of Europeans were second-
class citizens known as
A) Peninsulares. B) Creoles.
C) Meztizos. D) Mulattoes.

3. People of African and European descent were known as
A) Creoles. B) Peninsulares.
C) Meztizos. D) Mulattoes.

Class Quiz #18

4. Which Mexican priest began the call for Mexican independence?
A) Father Jos Morelos B) Jos de San Martin
C) Father Miguel Hidalgo D) Joseph Bonaparte

5. People of Native American and European descent were known as
A) Meztizos. B) Mulattoes.
C) Creoles. D) Peninsulares.

UNIT 2 TEST
Chapter 3&4
The Industrial Revolution Begins (1750-1850)
Chapter 5 section 1 Note: 19
The agricultural revolution - contributed to a rapid growth of
population by creating a surplus of food.
Thomas Newcomen - In 1712, a British inventor developed a
steam engine powered by coal to pump water out of mines.
James Watt - made improvements on the steam engine that
allowed it to be applied to machinery.
By the 1850s - many country villages had grown into industrial
towns and cities, and the rural way of life began to disappear.
Seed drill revolutionized farming by allowed farmers to plant in
even rows instead of scattering seeds haphazardly
Smelting Process - a technological improvement at the
beginning of the Industrial Revolution which used charcoal to
smelt iron, or separate iron from its ore.

Chapter 5 section 1 Note # 19
Anesthetic - a drug that prevents pain during surgery. The first
anesthetic was used by an American dentist.
Enclosure - the process of taking over and consolidating land
formerly shared by peasant farmers. The British Parliament
facilitated enclosures through legislation
Coal - a vital source of fuel in the production of iron, and it was
also used as a power source to help develop the steam engine.
Statistics - data that are gathered and tabulated to present
information. Precise population statistics for the 1700s are rare,
but some do exist
Class Quiz #19

1) In 1712, the steam engine was invented by
A) James Watt B) Thomas Newcomen
C) Abraham Darby D) Jethro Tull

2) One effect of the agricultural revolution in Europe in the 1700s?
A) Greater food production triggered a population explosion.
C) More people became farmers.

3) One technological improvement at the beginning of the Industrial
Revolution was the use of charcoal to __________ iron.
A) Anesthetic B) statistic
C) enclosure D) smelt

Class Quiz #19

4) Which of the following was the most important source of power for the
early Industrial Revolution?
A)Water B) the sun
C) oil D) coal

5) With the beginning of the Industrial Revolution,
A) many people refused to work in factories.
B) the rural way of life began to disappear.
C) more children began to receive an education.
D) all men were given the opportunity to hold government positions.

Chapter 5 section 2 Note#20
Putting-out system - raw cotton was distributed to peasant
families who spun it into thread and then wove the thread into
cloth in their own homes.
The flying shuttle - spinning jenny, and water frame were all
inventions that revolutionized the British textile industry, creating
a faster, more efficient system.
Capital is Money used to invest in new business ventures like
buy machinery and paying for labor.
Eli Whitney - invented a machine called the cotton gin that
increased the speed with which Southern laborers could clean
raw cotton and allowed America to began to compete with
Britain's increased production
The Industrial Revolution Begins(1750-1850)
In the 1700s - Britain's economy was prosperous, and it had a
business class ready to invest capital in new enterprises
Canal - before the steam locomotive, water canals such as the
Bridgewater Canal were an important way to transport raw
materials and finished goods.
The steam locomotive - the invention of the steam locomotive
made the growth of railroads possible and revolutionized
transportation
Turnpikes - were private roads built by entrepreneurs who
charged travelers a toll, and were built in order to provide faster
and cheaper methods of moving goods from place to place.

Class Quiz #20
1. British merchants developed the __________ in which raw cotton was
distributed to peasant families who spun it into thread and then wove
the thread into cloth in their own homes.
A) Eli Whitney B) turnpikes
C) Liverpool D) putting-out system

2. Which invention revolutionized transportation and made possible the
growth of railroads?
A) the spinning jenny B) the dynamo
C) the steamboat D) the steam locomotive

3. America began to compete with Britain's increased production with the
invention of what machine?
A) the seed drill B) the steam locomotive
C) the cotton gin D) the spinning jenny

Class Quiz #20

4. The flying shuttle, the spinning jenny, and the waterframe were all
inventions that were used to
A) develop the steam engine
B) clear more farmland.
C) improve the waterwheel
D) increase textile production.

5. Which of the following statements is one reason why Britain was the
first nation to industrialize?
A) Britain had plenty of gold and silver.
B) Britain had a large amount of farmland.
C) Britain had many wealthy invetors.
D) Britain had acres of rich forests.

The Middle Class - or bourgeoisie, benefited most from the
Industrial Revolution, either by investing profits in factories,
developing new technologies, or rising from "rags to riches" as
opportunities allowed.
Contaminated - something that is unclean and impure, or
polluted. One problem for the industrial working class poor was
contaminated drinking water
Women and Children - Unlike the wealthy, who had people to
look after their children middle class women devoted much of
their time to raising their children at home.
Child Labor - often Children needed to work because their
wages kept their families from starving.
In factories - workers faced a rigid schedule of long hours set by
the factory whistle.
Industrial Revolution Begins (17501850)
Chapter 5 section 3 Note# 21
Miners - were paid more, but the working conditions in the
mines were even worse than in the factories
Tenements - Workers were often packed into tiny multi-story
buildings divided into apartments, as they struggled to survive in
the slums
Labor Unions - or workers' organizations, were illegal at the
start of the Industrial Revolution, secret unions did exist and
wished to initiate worker reforms
The Methodists - part of a movement founded by John Wesley,
took their message of salvation into the slums. They helped
channel workers' anger away from revolution and towards social
reform.
Class Quiz #21
1. Which group benefited the most from the Industrial Revolution?
A) the working class B) farmers
C) the nobility D) the middle class

2. The Industrial Revolution led to rapid __________ as the demand for
workers increased.
A) tenement B) urbanization
C) labor unions D) contamination

3. One problem for the industrial working class poor was __________
drinking water.
A) Contaminated B) urbanization
C) tenement D) stressed

Class Quiz #21

4. How did the lives of middle class women differ from their
wealthy and working class counterparts?
A) They stayed at home and raised their children.
B) They had maidservants who raised their children.
C) They often decided to have no children.

5. Which group of people helped channel workers' anger
away from revolution and toward social reform?
A) factory owners B) Methodists
C) Luddites D) Utopians

Laissez-faire" or "hands-off - an approach Supported by
free-enterprise capitalism believed the government should
not interfere in the free operation of the economy
Utilitarianism - the idea that the goal of society should be
"the greatest happiness for the greatest number" of its
citizens
Karl Marx - formulated a new theory, "scientific socialism,"
which he claimed was based on a scientific study of history.
According to Marx, the "have-nots" in society are the
proletariat, or working class
Socialists - condemned the evils of industrial capitalism,
and encourage workers to rebel against the unjust
conditions they endured.

Robert Owen - an early socialist, set up a utopian
community in New Lanark Scotland.
Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo were concerned
over the effect of the population explosion on the food
supply, and believed that the poor would suffer less if they
had fewer children.
Communism - a form of socialism in which an inevitable
struggle between social classes would lead to a classless
society.
Marx Prediction - was wrong in his prediction that workers
would unite across national borders to wage class warfare,
However, people felt stronger ties to their countries than to
the international communist movement
Class Quiz #22
1. Thomas Malthus and David Ricardo believed the poor could improve
their lives by
A) getting more education. B) getting aid from the government.
C) having fewer children. D) moving back to farms.

2. What did supporters of free-enterprise capitalism call their approach to
economics?
A) the means of production B) laissez-faire
C) Socialism D) utopian

3. Which group would be most likely to encourage poor workers to rebel
against factory owners?
A) Capitalists B) socialists
C) utilitarians D) economists

Class Quiz #22

4. According to Marx, the "have-nots" in society are the
A) means of production. B) proletariat.
C) bourgeoisie. D) utopians.

5. Who put forth the theory of "scientific socialism"?
A) Karl Marx B) Robert Owen
C) John Stuart Mill D) Jeremy Bentham

Quick Write #
What would be your ideal
society?
Life in the Industrial Age (18001914)
Industrialization - caused rapid urbanization, increased employment
levels, longer work days, and more hazardous working conditions
Interchangeable parts - identical components that could be used in
place of one another.
Assembly Line - a method of production in which workers add parts
to a product that moves along a belt from one workstation to the next.
A division of labor made production faster and cheaper.
The Bessemer process - patented by the British engineer Henry
Bessemer in 1856, created steel that was lighter, harder, and more
durable than iron.
Trust - is a group of corporations run by a single board of directors.
Trusts such as Standard Oil created monopolies when they gained
control over entire industries, thus allowing them to control prices.

Cartel - is a group of corporations that form an association for the
purpose of fixing prices, setting production, and controlling
markets
Stocks - small shares of ownership in a company purchased by
investors.
Robber Barons or Captains of Industry" People like
Rockefeller, Krupp, and Carnegie were called Robber Barons by
their detractors out of a belief that in destroying competition, they
were damaging the free-enterprise system and as Captains of
Industry for building their nations wealth.
Dynamo - A machine that generates energy. The first machine
was created by Chemist Michael Faraday
Thomas Edison Created the first light bulb which lit up cities
and factories and made it possible for production and the city life
styles to continue after dark

Alfred Nobel Invented Dynamite, to his dismay it was used in
warfare. His invention made a fortune which he willed to fund the
famous Nobel Prize.
Guglielmo Marconi invented the Radio and received messages
through Morse code.

Class Quiz #23
1. Because of __________, all products no longer had to be made individually
by hand.
A) the assembly line B) immigrant labor C) interchangeable parts

2. A machine that generates energy is known as a
A) dynamo. B) cartel. C) spark plug. D) light bulb.

3. a method of production in which workers add parts to a product that moves
along a belt
A) the assembly line B) immigrant labor C) interchangeable parts

4. Created the first light bulb which lit up cities and factories
A) Thomas Edison B) Alfred Nobel C) Guglielmo Marconi

5. Leaders of big business such as Alfred Krupp and John D. Rockefeller were
referred to as "captains of industry" by their admirers and __________ by their
detractors.
A) "communists B) "robber barons C) "innovators D) Super Rich

Quick Write

Tenement dwellers - The wide boulevards and splendid public
buildings built by Napoleon III's chief planner Georges
Haussmann resulted in the movement of the poor into slums
found in the city center which was near the factories and, for
many, their place of employment.
Florence Nightingale - is credited with helping to create reforms
in British army hospitals that directly led to increased sanitation
and decreased percentages of fatalities. She founded the world's
first school of nursing.
Urban renewal - is the rebuilding of the poor areas of a city.
Labor Unions - Through the use of strikes and with the help of
reformers and working-class voters, labor unions were able to
pressure lawmakers to implement eight hour work days, improve
safety measures, and outlaw child labor, among other laws.

Friedrich Engels - German Socialist philosopher in 1845 wrote
about Working conditions in England "The way in which the vast
mass of the poor are treated by modern society is truly
scandalousThere is no end to the sufferings which are heaped on
the heads of the poor."
Louis Pasteur - Most doctors scoffed at the germ theory until the
French chemist Louis Pasteur, in 1870, clearly showed that microbes
are the cause of specific infectious diseases, until 1870.
Rise of Cities - the promise of available employment, immigration,
lower mortality rates due to better sanitation and health care, and the
attraction of cultural activities caused the growth in urban cities.
mutual-aid societies - Due to the harsh conditions of industrial life,
people formed mutual-aid societies, which were self-help group to aid
sick or injured workers.

The standard of living - in a given society, it is the standard
measure of the quality and availability of adequate living
necessities and comforts.
Class Quiz #24
1. Eighth-hour work days, improved safety measures, and the outlawing
of child labor were all accomplishments fought for by
A) labor unions. B) mutual-aid societies.
C) business leaders. D) the bourgeois.

2. When people have access to both the necessities and comforts of
society, they are considered to have an adequate
A) degree of wealth. B) way of life.
C) lifestyle. D) standard of living.

3. Most doctors did NOT believe in the __________, which states that
microbes are the cause of specific infectious diseases, until 1870.
A) pasteurization process B) germ theory
C) infection theory D) hygiene and sanitation doctrine

Class Quiz #24

4. Cities grew by the millions due to the
A) decreased mobility of urban dwellers.
B) existence of government housing subsidies.
C) promise of available employment.
D) existence of a drought throughout the nation's rural areas.

5. In order to help sick or injured colleagues, workers formed
A) social clubs.
B) labor unions.
C) mutual-aid societies.
D) medical clinics.

Quick Write:
Labor unions fought to
protect workers from unfair
business practices. Do you
think they are still important
today?
UNIT 3 TEST
Chapter 5&6
The New Imperialism (18001914)
Ch. 9 Sec. 1 Notes #25
European imperialism - began long before the 1800s, but movements
into Africa and Asia marked a new age of expansion. Imperialism is the
domination by one country of the political, economic, or cultural life of
another country or region
Sphere of influence - an area in which an outside power claims
exclusive investment or trading privileges. It was a form of Western
imperial control.
Protectorate - local rulers were left in place but were expected to
follow the advice of European advisors on issues such as trade or
missionary activity. protectorates cost less to run than a colony did, and
usually did not require a large commitment of military force.
Direct Rule - The French practiced direct rule in which France ruled
over the territories directly making all decisions, while the British relied
on a system of indirect rule, using sultans, chiefs, or other local rulers
as governors

Social Darwinism - the belief in racial superiority. Imperialists applied
Darwin's ideas about natural selection and survival of the fittest to
human societies and the practice of colonizing other nations.
The White Mans Burden - many missionaries, doctors and colonial
officials believed they had a duty to spread the "blessings" of Western
civilization to those "less fortunate," and they brought Western medicine,
law, and Christian religion to these areas.
Prestige Factor - Western leaders felt that ruling a global empire
increased a nation's prestige, or its power to impress or influence
because of success or wealth, around the world.
The Maxim machine gun - European advances in weaponry, in
particular the Maxim machine gun and repeating rifle, convinced many
Asian and Africans to accept Western control.
Class Quiz #25
1. In a(n) __________, local rulers were left in place but were expected to
follow the advice of European advisors on certain issues.
A) prestige B) protectorate
C) sphere of influence D) imperialism

2. What weapon helped the Europeans subdue resistant non-Western
colonies?
A) the cannon B) the Maxim machine gun
C) the bayonet D) the submarine

3. Western leaders felt that ruling a global empire increased a nation's
__________ around the world.
A) imperialism B) prestige
C) protectorate D) sphere of influence

4. Which phrase best describes the term sphere of influence?
A) a sense of national pride and aggressive foreign policy
B) an area in which an outside power claims exclusive investment or trading
privileges
C) the power to impress or influence because of success or wealth
D) domination by one country of political, economic, or 5. cultural life of another
country

5. European __________ began long before the 1800s, but movements
into Africa and Asia marked a new age of expansion.
A) sphere of influence B) protectorate
C) prestige D) imperialism

QUICK WRITE:
Rudyard Kiplings poem The
White Mans Burden refers to
the native people of Africa as
half devil and half-child. Is
this a racist poem? How does
it reflect the idea of Social
Darwinism?
Africa Through the 1700s - Europeans did NOT travel to the
interior of Africa until the 1800s because of resistance by
Africans, difficult geography, and diseases
Dr. David Livingstone - crisscrossed Africa for 30 years as a
missionary and explorer. He believed that the only way to end
the cruelty of the slave trade was to open the interior of Africa
to Christianity and trade.
Henry Stanley - trekked into Central Africa to find Dr.
Livingstone, and in 1871 finally found him in what is today
Tanzania.
Christian missionaries - wanted to replace African cultures
with their own. To most missionaries, African cultures and
religions were "degraded," and they urged Africans to embrace
Western civilization.

Western-educated African elite During the Age of
Imperialism a Western-educated African elite, or upper class,
emerged.
The Congo Free State - was a large area in Central Africa
that was privately controlled by Leopold II, King of the
Belgians. King Leopold II was forced to turn the colony over to
the Belgian government in 1908 after International outrage
over horrifying reports of Belgian overseers brutalizing
villagers.
Sierra Leone - In 1787, the British organized Sierra Leone in
West Africa as a colony for former slaves
Menelik II - began to modernize Ethiopia and recognized the
need to import the latest weapons and recruit European
officers to train his armyeventually resulting in the defeat of
Italian forces at the battle of Adowa.

Boar War Dutch settlers clashed with England who had
acquired the cape colony after the discovery of Gold and
Diamonds in the Boar (Dutch) lands
Cecil Rhodes - wanted to expand the British Empire across all
of Africa because he believed that the Anglo-Saxon race was
destined to greatness. His business interest were Gold and
Diamonds and was one of the richest men in the world
Class Quiz #26
1) __________ defeated the Italians when they invaded his country and
preserved its independence.
A) Rhodes B) Menelik II C) Leopold II D) Livingstone
2) The best known explorer and missionary in Africa was
A) Dr. Livingstone. B) King Leopold II. C) Cecil Rhodes. D) Henry Stanley.
3) Who settled in the British colony of Sierra Leone?
A) widowed women and children C) British soldiers
B) Native Americans D) former slaves
4) Which of the following statements about Christian missionaries in Africa is
true?
A) Christian missionaries wanted to replace African cultures with their own.
B) Christian missionaries wanted to study African cultures and customs.
5) Through the 1700s, Europeans did NOT travel to the interior of Africa
because
A) of the deadly wildlife.
B) of superior African armies.
C) of its difficult geography, resistance of Africans, and disease.

Quick Write: Who is represented in
the cartoon and What does the
Cartoon mean
Iran - Before the discovery of oil in the early 1900s, Western powers
were interested in Iran because of its location to protect their
interests or expand their empire.
Concessions - special rights given to foreign powers. When Russia
and Britain were both interested in Iranian oil fields, they persuaded
the Iranian government to grant them concessions allowing access to
oil fields in Persia
Sultans - were rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire.
Pashas - In the Ottoman Empire, pashas were provincial rulers who
had gradually increased their power by the early 1800s.
Ottoman Empire Collapses - nationalism and European powers
eager to seize Ottoman lands benefit from the slow crumbling of the
Ottoman empire which was weakened by internal revolts and multi-
ethnic disputes.

Armenian Genocide - The Muslim Turks accused Christian
Armenians of supporting Russian plans against the Ottoman
empire. When they protested, the Turks forced them from the
eastern mountains of the empire. The Sultan ordered
Armenians slaughtered, and over the next 25 years between
600,000 and 1.5 million were Killed or died
Egypt Modernizes Called the father of modern Egypt
introduced a new tax system, reorganized landholdings,
expanded farm production and industrialization, and
participated in world trade. He also modernized the military
with weapons and western military trainers. He then conquered
neighboring Arabia, Syria, and Sudan.
Suez Canal in 1859 Ferdinand de Lesseps organized a
French company to build the waterway in Egypt to connect the
Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea.

Class quiz #27
1. Russia and Britain, both interested in Iranian oil fields, persuaded the
Iranian government to grant them
A) sultans B) concessions C) genocide D) Muhammed Ali
2. What triggered the Armenian genocide?
A) Nationalism B) Socialism C) Darwinism D) industrialization
3. Where is the Suez Canal?
A) Russia B) Egypt C) Iran D) Turkey
4. Who were sultans?
A) canal builders
B) rulers of the Ottoman Turkish empire
C) long-awaited saviors of the fatih
5. Imperialist powers were initially interested in Iran largely because of its
A) Gold B) location C) oil D) fertile farmland.

Thomas Macaulay - British historian wrote that "a single shelf of a
good European library is worth the whole native literature of India
and Arabia," his comment showed how little most people knew
about Indian achievements and how they dismissed Indian culture
with contempt.
Cast System The class you are born into is the only one you will
be. Britain ended the use of the cast system
Britain encouraging the diverse Indian population to compete
against one another and thus keep theme from uniting. And
making their local leaders easier to conquer
Sati - is a Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her
husband in death by throwing herself on his funeral fire.
Purdah - the isolation of women in separate quarters, was one
aspect traditional Indian culture that Ram Mohun Roy wished to
reform
Sepoy Indian Soldiers in the service of the East India
Company
Sepoy Mutiny Britain introduced a new grease rifle that
used animal fat. The Hindu and Muslim sepoy soldiers refused
to use them and rebeled.
Sepoy Rebellion result - In 1858, Parliament ended the rule
of the East India Company and Britain began to rule India
directly as a colony.
Ram Mohun Roy combine the cultural and scholar views of
the west with those from Persia, and Arabia. He founded the
Hindu College in Calcutta
The Indian National Congress The Western-educated
class of Indians called for greater democracy and
independence for India, and believed in peaceful protest.
They formed a nationalist movement
Muslim League At first the Muslims worked with Hindus
for Indian independence, but then they became worried
about a Hindu government and separated to form their
government body.

Class quiz # 28
1. What British act created a problem for the sepoys, leading to the
Sepoy Rebellion?
A) the transformation of agriculture B) the issue of new rifles C)
the creation of railways D) the strain on the food supply
2) Indian Soldiers in the service of the East India Company
A) Sepoy B) Vice Roy C) sati D) Ram Mohun Roy
3) This Group had learned about democracy and equality and wished to
end imperialist rule
A) Sepoy B) Western-educated Indians C) sati D) East Indian Co.
4) The class you are born into is the only one you will be is an example
of this system
A) Agricultural B) Democratic C) Cast D) Oppressive
5) a Hindu custom that called for a widow to join her husband in death
by throwing herself on his funeral fire
A) Sepoy B) Vice Roy C) sati D) Purdah

Quick Write

Balance of trade - A nation's balance of trade refers to the
difference between how much a country imports and how much
it exports.
China - sold tea to European merchants prior to the 1800s.
Trade Deficits China accepted only silver in payment by
China for tea which resulted in trade deficits for England.
Opium - British merchants began making huge profits by
trading opium grown in India for Chinese tea, which was
popular in Britain.
The Opium War - was fought between Great Britain and China
over their conflicting viewpoints on diplomatic relations, trade,
and the administration of justice for foreign nationals. Britain
beat China and forced five ports to be opened to their trade

The Boxer Uprising - Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded, and
foreigners were attacked across China.
Guang Xu Young Emperor of China launched the Hundred
Days of reform, setting out to modernize the civil service
exams, streamline government, and encourage new industries
His reform was called off by the regent, and at the same time
put him under house arrest.
Self-Strengthening Movement - In the 1860s, reformers
launched the "self-strengthening movement." They imported
western technology, developed shipyards and industry, and
translated western works.
In 1911, the Qing dynasty fell - It was replaced by a new
Chinese republic, with Sun Yixian as president.
Japan Invades in 1934 in the Sino-Japanese war

Class quiz # 29
1. Which phrase best describes the term balance of trade?
A) the difference between how much a country imports and how much it exports
B) a country exports more than it imports
C) payment for losses in a war
D) a country imports more than it exports
2. Anti-foreign feeling finally exploded with the __________ in 1900, and
foreigners were attacked across China.
A) Guang Xu B) Taiping Rebellion C) trade deficit D) Boxer Uprising
3. What was China's big export to Britain?
A) Opium B) tea C) guns D) gold
4. What was one result of the Opium War?
A) Britain gained the island of Hong Kong. B) China became more isolated.
5. What was the "self-strengthening movement"?
A) a movement to humiliate Japan after the Opium War
B) a movement to remain isolated from the rest of the World
C) a movement to implement Western reforms

Quick Write

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 1 Notes #
World War I - was a military conflict that lasted from 1914 to
1918 and involved most of the world's great powers,[1]
Allies Powers - (centred around the Triple Entente)The nations
of England, France, and Russia. later America would enter the
war against Germany
Central Powers - Germany, Austria, Hungry, and the Ottoman
Empire
The Assanination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria
The assassination of Ferdinand, heir to the throne of Austria-
Hungary, at the hands of Serbian nationalist Gavrilo Princip is
seen as the immediate trigger of the war
balance of power - a complex network of political and military
alliances throughout Europe meant to keep the peace.

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 1 Notes #
Austria's ultimatum - To avoid war, Serbia must end all anti-
Austrian agitation and punish any Serbian official involved in
the plot to murder Archduke Francis Ferdinand.
Mobilization - After Austria refused to soften its demands of
Serbia, Russia began to its forces.
France - hoped to recover the border provinces of Alsace and
Lorraine which was annexed by Germany following France's
loss in the Franco-Prussian War
The Schlieffen Plan - General Alfred von Schlieffen had
thought that Germany should move first against France in order
to ensure quick defeat before moving on to Russia
Great Britain - was neutral in the war until the Germans
invaded Belgium (also a neutral country). The Germans had
hoped to march through Belgium and crush France's army.

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 1 Notes #
1. What is another name for the alliance between France, Britain, and Russia?
A) The Powder Keg B) The Triple Entente
C) The Ottoman Empire D) Pan-Slavism
2. If a nation were to mobilize for war, what would it be doing?
A) preparing military forces B) retreating from conflict
C) raising tension through inaction D) keeping the peace
3. What term describes the final set of demands issued by Austria to Serbia after
the Archduke's assassination?
A) machinery of war B) unconditional support
C) Ultimatum D) militarism
4. The Schlieffen Plan was developed as a plan of attack against
A) Germany. B) Italy. C) France. D) Britain.
5. Why did the British declare war on Germany in 1914?
A) to protect Belgium B) to punish Serbia
C) to gain colonies D)to gain territory

Quick Write:
How did Imperialism and
Nationalism increase
tension and fighting around
the world?

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 2 Notes #
World War I - was different from earlier wars because it was the first
war to make use of modern technology and machinery. World War I
was the first war to use modern weapons such as machine guns and
poison gas, and the first war to employ the technology of tanks,
airplanes, and submarines.
Russia - Of the great powers in WWI, Russia was the least
industrialized. Some of Russia's troops even lacked rifles in this
modern war.
Trench Warfare - The Germans, British and French dug deep
trenches to help protect their armies from enemy fire on the Western
Front where many battles fought. They were often forced to live in the
trenches for long periods of time.
Convoys in World War I to defend their merchant ships
against German submarines, the Allies organized convoys
Merchant ships were protected by warships against U-boat
attack.

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 2 Notes #
U-boat - U-boat is the nickname of the German word for submarine
Airplane - At first, aircraft were utilized simply to observe enemy
troop movements.
Dardanelles - The Dardanelles is a vital waterway in Turkey
connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Sea of Marmara, which
then leads to the Bosporus and on to the Black Sea.
Armenian Genocide - The Armenian minority in Turkey was
deported, and between 600,000 and 1.5 million died due to planned
massacres or starvation. It is sometimes referred to as the Armenian
Diaspora or the
Colonel T. E. Lawrence - Colonel T. E. Lawrence was sent to the
Middle East to support the Arab revolt against the Turks. T. E.
Lawrence led guerilla raids against the Turks, dynamiting bridges
and supply trains. He is also known by what name Lawrence of
Arabia

1. World War I was different from earlier wars because it was the first war to make
use of
A) modern technology and machinery. B) naval power.
B) guerrilla tactics. C) trade alliances.
2. At first, aircraft were __________ simply to observe enemy troop movements.
A) industrialized B) disastrous
C) Utilized D) confronted
3. Colonel T. E. Lawrence is also known by what name?
A) The Dogfighter B) Colonel Schlieffen
C) The Flying Ace D)Lawrence of Arabia
4. What group of people was deported and killed by the Turks?
A) Armenians B) Greek Cypriots
C) Russians D) Romanians
5. On the Western Front, where were many battles fought?
A) on the water B) in cities
C) in trenches D) in the desert

Quick Write
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 3 Notes #
Contraband - The British tried to keep contraband from reaching
Germany. During wartime, goods such as military supplies and raw
materials needed to make military supplies are also know as
contraband.
The Turnip Winter" - When the potato crop failed in 1916 and
1917, the German people ate turnips, the next best food in supply
since the British were blocking most other goods.
Conscription or Draft - By 1916, all of the warring nations imposed
universal military conscription, requiring all young men to be ready
for military service.
Atrocities - horrible acts against innocent people Tales of
atrocities, although sometimes false or exaggerated, were
circulated by the British and French press as part of their
propaganda efforts.

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 3 Notes #
Propaganda - the spreading of ideas to promote a cause or damage
an opposing cause. During World War I, governments used
propaganda to raise morale and motivate its citizens. Because
countries were channeling all their resources into the war, governments
Governments used propaganda to control public opinion.
Siegfried Sassoon - By 1917, war morale was collapsing, British poet
and soldier Siegfried Sassoon often wrote about the dark, wasteful
aspects of the war in which he fought.
Vladimir Lenin - was a Russian communist revolutionary, politician and
political theorist. He served as the leader of the Russia from 1917-
1922.
Russian Revolution - The Bolshevik party, led by Vladimir Lenin, and
the workers' Soviets, overthrew the Provisional Government in
Petrograd.
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 3 Notes #
The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk - ended Germany's war with
Russia and allowed it to send troops from the Eastern Front to
the Western Front. Germany benefited directly from the Treaty
of Brest-Litovsk
President Wilson - favored self-determination , the right of
people to choose their own form of government. Self-
determination was favored by President Wilson for the people
of Eastern Europe as part of his Fourteen Points.
Fourteen Points - The overall goal of President Wilson's
Fourteen Points was to resolve this and future wars. Wilson
hoped to create peace with his Fourteen Points, the list of
terms whose goal was to bring World War I (and all wars) to
an end.

1. Governments used propaganda to
A) control public opinion. B) supply the troops.
C) finance the war effort. D) keep the public informed of the facts.
2. Another term for "the draft" is
A) propaganda. B) self-determination. C) conscription. D) armistice.
3. Germans experienced "the turnip winter" of 1916 and 1917 because
A) turnips are easily stored B) the North Sea region is full of turnips.
C) turnips boosted morale. D) the potato crop failed.
4. President Wilson favored __________, the right of people to choose their own
form of government.
A) Conscription B) self-determination
C) Propaganda D) armistice
5. What was the significance of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk?
A) It promised that Germany would no longer utilize U-boats.
B) It guaranteed the delivery of rations to soldiers in desolate areas.
C) It awarded areas of the Middle East to the Allied forces.
D) It ended Russian participation in World War I.

Quick Write:
Describe what you see here
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 4 Notes #
Armistice to Treaty - The Central Powers did not see the armistice as a
full surrender. the Central Powers stunned by the Allies' demand for
reparations? The Central Powers had seen the armistice only as an
agreement to end the fighting. They were surprised to find themselves
taking all the blame for the war.
Colonies in Africa, Asia, and the Pacific - Many colonial troops had
joined the war effort hoping that the Allies recognized the importance of
self-rule. They felt hopeful about the Paris Peace Conference because
they hoped peace would bring an end to imperial rule.
Mandates - Following World War I, mandates established territories
administered by Western powers during the Paris Peace Conference.
Britain and France gained mandates over German colonies in Africa, as
well as mandates in the Middle East following the collapse of the
Ottoman Empire. Japan and Australia were given mandates over some
Pacific islands previously controlled by Germany
World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 4 Notes #
British and French post war Goals - British and French leaders to
weaken Germany and make it pay for the war. The Allies blamed the
Central Powers for the war, and demanded reparations to pay off
huge war debts and costs of reconstruction.
The Treaty of Versailles - was the name of the agreement that
ended World War I? The Treaty of Versailles ended the war.
Germany was assigned the aggressor under the Treaty of Versailles
and was considered the nation that had started the war. Germany
was forced to pay reparations after World War I to England and
France as result
Influenza pandemic - A pandemic is the spread of a disease across
a large areain this case, the whole world. A deadly pandemic of
influenza spread across the world in 1918, killing more than 20 million
people

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 4 Notes #
collective security - Woodrow Wilson felt the League of
Nations would be based on the idea of collective security, a
system in which a group of nations acts as one to preserve the
peace of all. wanted the idea of a collective security for all
nations to be a foundation for a League of Nations to be
formed following World War I.
U.S. Senate dispute over the League of Nations - The
Senate was divided over whether or not the U.S. should be
compelled by a treaty to fight in future foreign wars, and in the
end, the US refused to join the League

Class quiz Ch. 11 Sec. 4

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 5 Notes #

World War 1 (1914-1924)
Ch.11 Sec 5 Notes #


END
OF
SEMESTER 1

Nationalism and Revolution(19101939)
Ch.12 Sec 1 Notes # 1
Haciendas - were large plantations controlled by the landowning
elite. Most peasants in Mexico worked on haciendas controlled by
the landowning elite.
1910 Revolution in Mexico - The main cause of was the
government's disregard for human rights. In Mexico, small groups
of wealthy landowners kept the economic benefits of the booming
economy for themselves while the growing middle and lower
classes had very little. These inequalities eventually led to
revolution.
Pancho Villa, Emiliano Zapata, and Venistiano Carranza -
launched a rebellion against General Huerta who assassinated
President Madero.
Carranza A wealth Hacienda owner then turned on Villa and
Zapata defeating them and becoming President.
Nationalism and Revolution(1914-1924)
The Mexican Constitution of 1917 - permitted the breakup of
large estates and allowed nationalization, or government
takeover, of natural resources.
Economic nationalism - refers to the emphasis on home control
of the economy. Latin American countries were determined to
develop their own industries so they would not have to buy so
many products from other countries.
Women's Rights - The Mexican Constitution of 1917 only gave
suffrage to men, women doing the same job as men were entitled
to the same pay.
U.S. Role - After World War I, the U.S. continued to play the role
of international policeman, intervening to restore order whenever it
felt its interests were threatened.

1. The Mexican Constitution of 1917 permitted the breakup of large estates and
allowed __________ of natural resources.
A) Good economics B) nationalization C) Good Neighbor Policy D) haciendas
2. Under the Constitution of 1917, which of the following statements about women
in Mexico is true?
A) Women were entitled to the same pay as men. B) Women could not work.
C) Women could vote. D) Women had to give their husbands their money.
3. Who was Mexicos first President after the revolution?
A) Villa B) Carranza C) Huerta D) Zapata
4. Most peasants in Mexico worked on __________ controlled by the landowning
elite.
A) haciendas B) cultural nationalisms C) murals D) nationalizations
5. After World War I, the U.S. continued to play the role of international policeman,
__________ to restore order whenever it felt its interests were threatened.
A) reforming B) using haciendas C) nationalizing D) intervening

Quick Write:

Has The United States been a
good neighbor to Mexico?

Nationalism and Revolution (1914-1924)
Apartheid - In South Africa, apartheid was a system of strict segregation,
restricting the rights of blacks. During Apartheid whites strengthen their grip
on South Africa by imposing this system of segregation. The goal was to
ensure their economic, political, and social supremacy.
African National Congress - was an attempt by black South Africans to
protest unfair laws. Africans tried to deal with the injustices faced under the
system of white rule by forming a political party though their efforts had no
immediate effect on South Africa's white government
The Ngritude Movement - French-speaking writers in West Africa and the
Caribbean expressed pride in their African roots and protested colonial rule.
Pan-Africanism - During the 1920s, Pan-Africanism began to nourish the
nationalist spirit and strengthen resistance for Africans and peoples of
African descent. It emphasized the unity of Africans and people of African
descent worldwide.

Nationalism and Revolution (1914-1924)
Asia Minor - Following World War I, the area in Asia Minor, between
the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea called the Turkish
peninsula is where Turks resisted Western control and fought to build
a modern nation of Turkey.
Ataturk - modernized Turkey along western lines and separated
religion from government.
The European Zionist - or Jewish nationalist movement, a response
to growing anti-Semitism in Europe, desired the rebuilding of a
Jewish state in Palestine.
Balfour Declaration - the British advocated the idea of setting up "a
national home for the Jewish people" in Palestine.
Egypt - was granted independence in 1922, but Britain still controlled
its monarchy. A broad Islamic nationalism in the guise of an
organization called the Muslim Brotherhood was fostered in Egypt in
the 1930s that rejected British (and Western) culture.
1. French-speaking writers in West Africa and the Caribbean awakened self-
confidence among Africans through
A) Balfour Declaration. B) ngritude movement. C) Pan-Africanism. D)
Pan-Arabism.
2. Which term describes the Turkish peninsula between the Black Sea and the
Mediterranean Sea?
A) Nigeria B) Major Asia C) Asia Minor D) the Middle East
3. In 1917, the British attempted to win the support of European Jews by issuing
the
A) Asia Minor Treatise. B) Pan-Arabism Defense.
B) C) ngritude movement. D) Balfour Declaration.
4. During the 1920s, __________ began to nourish the nationalist spirit and
strengthen resistance for Africans and peoples of African descent.
A) Pan-Africanism B) ngritude movement C) Asia Minor D) apartheid
5. African Nationalism brought little political change to any one nation with the
exception of
A) Egypt. B) Senegal. C) Kenya. D) South Africa.

Quick Write

When Britain issued the
Belfour Declaration what do
you think was the result and
attitude of the Arabs that
lived in Palestine at the
time?
Amritsar massacre - On April 13, 1919 in Amritsar, a city in
northern India, General Reginald Dyer and 50 soldiers opened fire
on an unarmed crowd, killing nearly 400 people and wounding
more than 1,000.
Ahimsa - is the ancient Hindu doctrine providing for nonviolence
and reverence of all life.
Mohandas Gandhi - was the preeminent leader of Indian
nationalism in British-ruled India. He used nonviolent civil
disobedience. Gandhi led India to independence and inspired
movements for civil rights and freedom across the world.
The Spinning Wheel - The symbol of the nationalist movement
that Gandhi promoted as part of a series of nonviolent actions
against British rule?
The Untouchables - Gandhi fought hard to end the harsh treatment
of untouchables, who were members of the lowest castes, or classes,
in India.
Salt - The British government required Indians to buy only salt sold
by their monopoly, while natural salt was plentiful and easily available
to Indians from the sea.
Boycott - Gandhi called for Indians to boycott British goods,
especially cotton textiles. To boycott something is to refuse to buy it.
Muslim and Hindu conflict - As India moved closer to
independence, internal tensions arose between Muslims and Hindus.
Muslim feared of the Hindu majority in India.
Independence Postponed - At the start of World War II, Britain
outraged Indian leaders by postponing independence and bringing
Indians in to the war without consulting them.

1. The British opened fire on an unarmed crowd
A) boycott B) Amritsar massacre C) ahimsa D) civil disobedience
2. Gandhi called for Indians to __________ British goods, especially
cotton textiles.
A) Quarantine B) boycott C) discriminate D) ahimsa
3. What symbol of the nationalist movement did Gandhi promote as part
of a series of nonviolent actions against British rule?
A) the spinning wheel B) the Hindu religion C) tea D) the untouchables
4. As India moved toward independence, tensions arose between
A) Muslims and Christian missionaries B) Muslims and Hindus.
B) Britain and Pakistan. C) Gandhi and the Indian National Congress.
5. What product does Indian have plenty of, but England still forced them
to buy it from them?
A) Guns B) Pepper C) Lamb Wool D) Salt

Quick Write:
Why do you suppose the
practice of non violent protest
works? Do you think that you
could use non violent tactics
when being treated badly?
Nationalism and Revolution
(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 4 Notes # 4
May Fourth Movement - The goal of the was to strengthen
China through reform and learning from the West. It Started after
Allies gave Japan control over some former German possessions
in China, was to strengthen China.
Vanguard - is a group of elite leaders, and the Soviet Union
hoped to train Chinese students and military officers to become
the vanguard of a communist revolution and that its aid to the
Chinese would create a communist revolution in China.
Guomindang Nationalist party led by Sun Yixan. Western
democracies refused to help, so Sun accepted aid from the Soviet
Union and joined forces with the small group of Chinese
communists as he tried to spread his government's rule over all of
China.
(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 4 Notes # 4
Jiang Jieshi - After Sun Yixian's death in 1925, Jiang Jieshi took
over the Guomindang. He used the communist to crush the
warlords but then turned on them as a threat to his government
Red bandits - Jiang called the Communists "Red bandits" and led
the Guomindang in a series of "extermination campaigns" against
them.
Long March - The Chinese Communists' were forced on an epic
retreat from 1934 to 1935, the Communists retreated into a
remote region in northern China during what is now called the
Long March
Mao Zedong - young leader of the communist party. During the
Long March, the Communists were disciplined and treated
peasants politely. Their behavior made them welcome and
strengthen their position among the people.
(1914-1924) Ch.12 Sec 4 Notes # 4
Japanese Invasion - Japan invaded northern China in 1931.
The rape of Nanjing - The Japanese attack on the city of
Nanjing known. The Japanese killed hundreds of thousands of
people after the city's surrender and brutalized still more

Class Quiz Ch. 12 Sec. 4
1. The goal of the __________, which erupted after Allies gave Japan
control over some former German possessions in China, was to
strengthen China.
A) Jiang Jieshi B) May Fourth Movement
C) Twenty-One Demands D) Long March
2. The Chinese Communists' epic retreat from 1934 to 1935 is known as
the
A) Long March. B) Twenty-One Demands.
C) May Fourth Movement. D) Guomindang.
3. Which country offered Sun Yixian help as he established his
government?
A) Japan B) the Soviet Union
B) C) Germany D)the United States
4. Jiang Jieshi's name for the Communists was the
A) twin evils. B) Red bandits. C) Guomindang. D) Shanghai proletariat.

Quick Write:
After Jiang Jieshi turned on
communist and had almost defeated
the them completely when he gave
in and decided to work with them
again to fight the Japanese. Do you
think the Communist actually trusted
him this time? What would you do if
you were the communist leader
Mao?
1922 Naval agreement - In the spirit of world peace, Japan
signed an agreement with the United States and Britain to limit the
size of its navy.
Japan in the 1920s - The younger generation in Japan was in
revolt against tradition. They began to adopt Western fads and
fashions.
Emperor Hirohito - reigned over Japan from 1926 to 1989 an
astonishing 63 years
1923 Earth Quake - A low point in the Japanese economy
occurred when a devastating earthquake, one of the most
destructive quakes in history, struck the Tokyo area in 1923.
The Great Depression - hit Japan with devastating force, as
unemployment in the cities soared and rural peasants faced
starvation.
Japanese Government - Despite leaning toward greater
democracy, political parties were manipulated, or influenced
skillfully, by the zaibatsu, Japans powerful business leaders.
Ultranationalists - The Great Depression fed the discontent of
extreme nationalists, or ultranationalists, who condemned
politicians for agreeing to Western demands to stop overseas
expansion
Manchurian incident - The Japanese military provoked an
incident that provided an excuse to attack Manchuria. They then
set up a puppet state, governed by Puyi, without the consent of
the Japanese government.
League of Nations vs. Japan - When the League of Nations
condemned Japanese aggression against China, Japan simply
withdrew from the League.
1. Who was emperor of Japan from 1926 to 1989?
A) Puyi B) Manchuria C) Hirohito D) Shandong
2. Despite leaning toward greater democracy in 1920s Japan, political
parties were __________ by its powerful business leaders.
A) occupied B) manipulated C) ultranationalist D) recovered
3. What natural disaster shook the Japanese economy in 1923?
A) tsunami that flooded Honshu
B) an earthquake that struck the Tokyo area
C) a blizzard that crippled Okinawa
D) a monsoon that flooded Manchuria
4. In 1931 the Japanese military seized __________ and set up a puppet
state there.
A) Hirohito B) zaibatsu C) Manchuria D) Puyi
5. The __________ condemned Japanese aggression against China.
A) Hirohito B) League of Nations C) ultranationalists D) Axis Powers

Quick Write:
Use the Map on page 412.
You are in charge of Japan.
You have built factories, but
Japan is an island and it
needs recourses to run
those factories. What do you
do?

End of Chapter 12
Rise of Totalitarianism (1919-1939)
After World War I - Although most women left jobs they had held during
the war after it ended, their war work helped them win the vote in many
Western countries, and in many western countries women were allowed
to work in all of the same fields as men.
The postwar atmosphere of emancipation - women began to work as
reporters or novelists, and they became golfers and tennis players.
The Harlem Renaissance - During the Harlem Renaissance, an African
American cultural awakening, African American writers and artists
expressed their pride in their unique culture.
Jazz Music In the United States African American musicians
combined Western harmonies with African rhythms to create jazz.
Christian fundamentalist movements - An opposing reaction to the
freedoms and looseness of morals of the jazz age swept through rural
areas.

Psychoanalysis Sigmund Freud pioneered psychoanalysis, a method
of studying how the mind works and treating mental disorders.
Abstract Art a type of artwork that was composed only of lines,
colors, and shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at
all? Artists such as Kandinsky and Klee moved further away from
representing reality in developing abstract art.
Albert Einstein a German-born physicist with advanced theories of
relativity introduced his theories of relativity in 1905 and 1916.?
Prohibition - a ban on the manufacture and sale of alcoholic
beverages, was a manifestation of conservative values in the United
States, and took effect in 1919.
Post WWI Literature - the postwar period reflected writers' loss of faith
in western civilization. To many postwar writers, the war symbolized the
moral breakdown of Western civilization.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 1
1. Jazz was pioneered by
A) Mexicans. B) African Americans C) Europeans. C) Canadians.
2. Freud's ideas led to a method of understanding the mind called
A) dada. B) Prohibition. C) surrealism. D) psychoanalysis.
3. What type of artwork was composed only of lines, colors, and
shapes, sometimes with no recognizable subject matter at all?
A) Flapper B) Abstract C) Dada D) Surreal
4. Literature in the postwar period reflected writers' loss of faith in
A) stream of consciousness. B) surrealism.
C) western civilization D) human nature.
5. Which German-born physicist advanced the theories of relativity?
A) Marie Curie B) Leon Blum C) Sigmund Freud D) Albert Einstein

Quick Write:
Show me an example of
Abstract Art

A general strike - is a strike by workers in many different
industries at the same time. In 1926, a general strike lasted nine
days and involved some three million workers.
Red Scare The fear of a communist takeover of the United
States moved Congress to pass tough laws limiting immigration
from Central Europe.
The Problem with Overproduction - Better technology allowed
factories to make more products faster during a time when people
were buying less, which resulted in overproduction.
Overproduction is a condition in which the production of goods
exceeds the demand for them.
The Great Depression - In the autumn of 1929, fears about the
economy led many to sell their stocks, and as a result, The United
States Stock market crashed which triggered a global economic
collapse .
The New Deal - Franklin D. Roosevelt's introduced a massive
package of economic and social programs known as the New
Deal to combat the Great Depression.
Maginot Line - To protect themselves from German invasion and
prevent an invasion, the French build massive fortifications called
the Maginot Line along its border with Germany.
The Locarno treaties - were signed by seven European nations to
settle Germany's disputed borders with France, Belgium, and
Czechoslovakia. The Locarno treaties became the symbol of a
new era of peace.
IRA - (Irish Republic Army) Fought for a free Ireland. The group
used Terrorist tactics such as car bombs.

Irish Independence Moderates from both side agreed that most
of Ireland would be self-governed, but that England would remain
in control of Northern Ireland. The IRA would fight for decades
about the division.
Kellogg-Briand Pact An agreement in which all the countries of
Europe renounced war as an instrument of national policy.
League of Nations Proved to be weak. The United States never
joined the League and though it condemned Japans invasion of
Manchuria, the League was powerless to stop it. Dictators such
as Hitler noticed the Leagues weakness.

1. Better technology allowed factories to make more products faster
during a time when people were buying less, which resulted in
A) overproduction. B) general strike. C) disarmament. D) finance.
2. Which crisis in finance triggered the Great Depression?
A) Many businesses began to close.
B) World War II began.
C) The New York Stock Exchange crashed.
D) American banks demanded repayment of foreign loans.
3. How did Congress respond to the "Red Scare?"
A) Congress ratified a bill to send military assistance to Germany.
B) Congress passed laws limiting immigration from Europe.
C) Congress had all foreign-born immigrants deported
D) Congress passed laws to safeguard nuclear weapons.

Class Quiz Ch.13 Sec 2 Continued
4. To protect themselves from German invasion, the French
built the
A) Maginot Line. B) Kellogg-Briand Pact.
C) New Deal. D) Federal Reserve.
5. Which important Nation never Joined the League of
Nations which in turn weakened it as an organization?
A) Great Britain B) France
C) United States C) Japan
Quick Write:
If you saw that the School security
did nothing to people leaving class
without permission, would you stay
in class everyday?
So how do you think Hitler saw the
League of Nations in ability to do
anything about Japans invasion of
Manchuria
After World War I - Returning veterans faced unemployment in
post-war Italy. Trade declined and taxes rose, and the
government seemed powerless to end the crisis.
Italian government - Italians accepted the use of violence by the
Fascists because they had lost faith in constitutional government.
Black Shirts - Mussolini's "combat squad" Party militants, known
as the Black Shirts because they wore black shirts to emulate an
earlier national revolt, rejected the democratic process in favor of
violent action.
Fascism - In 1919, Mussolini organized the Fascist party, a name
derived from the Latin fasces. Fascism is an ideology that is anti-
democratic and in favor of aggressive foreign expansion. It is
rooted in extreme nationalism, which is destructive to basic
human rights.

March on Rome - In October 1922, The Fascists party swarmed
the Italian capital and made a bid for power, tens of thousands
participated in the March
Mussolini - was a charismatic speaker who organized Italians
into the Fascist party, which symbolized unity and authority. He
promised to end corruption and replace the turmoil of post-war
Italy with order.
The Fascists State - The most important thing to Fascist is the
glorification of the state, and the individual was unimportant
except as a member of the state.
Totalitarian State A one party dictatorship that tries to regulate
every aspect of the lives of its citizens.
Mussolinis totalitarian state - Mussolini built the first totalitarian
state, a one-party dictatorship that attempted to regulate every
aspect of the lives of Italian citizens.

1. Mussolini's "combat squad" supporters were
known as
A) ideology. B) totalitarian state.
C) Black Shirts. D) March on Rome.
2. Mussolini coined the term
A) totalitarian state. B) Vatican City.
C) ideology. D) fascism.
3. What was most important to the Fascists?
A) Agriculture B) the individual
C) Marxism D) the state
4. When Fascists in Italy made a bid for power, tens of
thousands participated in the
A) totalitarian state. B) Proclamation of Naples.
C) March on Rome. D) Black Shirts.

5. Mussolini was responsible for building the first
A) totalitarian state. B) March on Rome.
C) ideology. D) Il Duce
Quick Write:
Democracies are slow
because everyone must
debate and consider all
sides. Do think it would be
better to have just one
person decide things
Joseph Stalin Took over control of the Soviet Union after the
death of Lenin by exiling his opponent. He turned the Soviet Union
into a totalitarian state.
Cult of Personality Stalin wanted to control the hearts and
minds of Soviet citizens by relentlessly distributing propaganda in
his cult of personality.
Show Trials" - Old Bolsheviks or party members confessed to
crimes after being tortured or threatened
Command Economy The government makes all the basic
economic decisions. That is the Government sets the price and
quantity of goods.
Atheism the belief that there is no god, became official state
policy in the Soviet Union.

Collectives Large farms owned and operated by peasant
groups. The government provides the farm equipment. The
people could keep all personal items, but all farm animals and
supplies were turned over to the collective.
Kulaks Wealthy farmers that resisted attempts at
collectivization.
Terror famine After Stalin liquidated the Kulaks farms, some
angry peasants protested by growing just enough food for
themselves. Stalin ordered that all their grain be taken leaving the
peasants to starve. Combined with poor harvest about 5 to 8
million people died in the Ukraine.
Gulag - Critics of the Soviet system were rounded up and sent to
the Gulag, a system of brutal labor camps spread throughout the
Soviet Union.

The Purge Great Stalin has the secret police crack down on
military leaders, Party officials, industrial leaders, and anyone else
that would pose a threat to him. They were sent to the Gulag.
Many did not even get a trial.
Socialist Realism A state mandated art style that Stalin hoped
would show the Soviet Union in a positive light

Video: Cult of Personality
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=7xx
gRUyzgs0

1. The Soviet Union developed a __________ in which
government officials made all basic economic decisions.
A) socialist realism B) Comintern
C) command economy D) russification
2. Stalin believed that __________ were resisting collectivization
by killing farm animals and burning crops.
A) the kulaks B) the collectives
C) the gulag D) the Comintern
3. Which phrase best describes the Gulag?
A) large farms owned and operated by peasants as a group
B) an organization of wealthy farmers
C) a system of brutal labor camps
D) organizations aiding revolutionary groups around the world

4. What were the public "show trials" in Moscow between 1936 and 1938?
A) Immigrant farmers were put on trial for insisting on their own land within
Russian borders.
B) Trials in which former Communist leaders confessed to crimes after officials
tortured them or threatened their families.

5. What was one unintentional result of Stalin's purges?
A) Stalin increased his power through his terror tactics.
B) Stalin got rid of many of the nation's most skilled and talented workers,
soldiers, and thinkers.
C) Stalin got rid of any rivals who were plotting against him.
D) Stalin discouraged the people's dissent.

Quick Write:
Stalins Cult of personality
was based in propaganda
posters like these. What
message is he trying to
send?
What message would you
want for your propaganda
posters to send here on
campus?

After WWI Germany created a Democratic government known
as the Weimer Republic led by a Chancellor, or prime minister.
Ruhr Valley A coal rich valley which belonged to Germany, but
became occupied by France when Germany fell behind in their
Retribution payments
German workers protest leads to Inflation - When German
workers protested Frances occupation of the Ruhr valley by not
working Germany supported them by continuing to pay the
workers. Printing more money to pay the workers led to greater
inflation and the mark dropped in value.
NAZI - Hitler joined a little known political organization after WWI,
which he renamed to the National Socialist German Workers
Party or NAZI

Propaganda - Hitler used mastered propaganda forming flags,
badges, and uniforms for his party.
Brown Shirts Hitler formed his own police force for his political
party called the SA, but they were known for the color of their
shirts.
The Beer Hall Putch Hitlers failed attempt to overthrow the
government and landed him in Jail
Lebensraum living space for the Aryan People.
Mein Kampf - Hitler drafted his views and obsession with
extreme nationalism, racism, and anti-Semitism.
The Promises NAZI membership increased as unemployment
rose in Germany. Hitler promised to create jobs, end reparation
payments, and defy the treaty of Versailles and rebuild Germanys
Army.

Chancellor Hitler was elected in 1933
Fuhrer - is leader or "guide" in the German Language. A year
after he was elected Chancellor he became the Fuhrer or dictator
of Germany
Hitler Youth - The Nazis indoctrinated young people. Youth were
took on hikes and sent to camps, the "Hitler Youth" pledged
absolute loyalty to Germany and undertook physical fitness
programs to prepare for war.
Kristallnacht night of shattered glass a destructive rampage
against Jews. German mobs smashed widows of Jewish homes
and businesses and burned Synagogues. 7,000 Jewish
businesses were destroyed and 100 Jews were killed.

German women - women's roles were limited by the Nazis, and
they were dismissed from upper-level jobs.
Anti-Semitism Irrational hostility or hate towards the Jews
Nuremberg Laws racial laws that excluded German Jews from
German citizenship and forbade marriages between Jews and
German citizens.

1. The Nazis indoctrinated young people by
A) encouraging marriages as quickly as possible.
B) giving them the best health care available.
C) sending them to Switzerland.
D) creating the "Hitler Youth.

2. The __________ deprived Jews of German citizenship and placed
severe restrictions on them.
A) Nuremberg Laws B) Gestapo
C) Ruhr Valley D) Chancellor

3. In the Weimar Republic, the parliamentary system was led by a
A) regime. B) chancellor.
C) Gestapo. D) passive.


4. German workers in the __________ refused to work when the French
occupied the area.
A) Regime B)Third Reich
C) Gestapo C) Ruhr Valley

5. How were German women treated by the Nazi regime?
A) They were placed in high-ranking jobs.
B) They were offered scholarships to the universities.
C) They were dismissed from upper-level jobs.
D) They were despised as much as the Jews.

Quick Write:
These are images from
Kristallnacht. If this were
happening to you and
your family how would
you feel and what would
you do?

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Military Build-up - Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by building
up the German military, and by then sending troops into the
Rhineland in 1936.
Anschluss A union with Hitlers native land Austria through
invasion and annexation
Sudetenland a region of western Czechoslovakia (one of only two
Eastern Europe democracies). Hitler demanded that Germans living
in the region be given autonomy or annexed.
Munich Conference the Western democracies Britain and France
in an act of appeasement convinced Czechoslovakia to give up the
Sudetenland to Germany without a fight
Appeasement - western democracies adopted a policy of
appeasement, or the giving into the demands of an aggressor in
order to keep the peace, after Hitler invaded Rhineland on the
German-French border.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Francisco Franco Led a revolt in Spain that started a civil war.
National fascist supported Franco. Franco was supported by Hitler and
Mussolini. The Nazis used the Spanish civil war to test their new
weapons. Russia sent troops to fight against the Franco and the Nazi.
Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact in 1939 - Germany and Russia
agreed to share Poland on the condition that neither would move
aggressively against the other, even though they were on opposing
sides during World War II
Invasion of Poland German forces invade Poland in 1939. Two days
later Britain and France declare war on Germany.
Neutrality Acts A series of acts designed to keep America out the
war. The first was banned American from providing weapons to nations
at war. The second banned loans to nations at war.
Axis Powers An Agreement created by Mussolini between Germany
and Italy. Later joined by Japan

1. Which of the following countries made up the Axis powers?
A) Great Britain, France, Russia, and the United States
B) Japan, Germany, and Italy
C) Russia, Germany, and Japan
D) United States, Great Britain, and France

2. Which country did Germany and the Soviet Union agree to divide up
between them in the Nazi-Soviet Pact of 1939?
A) Czechoslovakia B) Poland
C) France D) Hungary

3. Adolf Hitler violated the Treaty of Versailles by
A) refusing to pay reparations to the Allies.
B) building up the German military.
C) dropping out of the League of Nations.
D)Both A and B
4. At the Munich Conference of 1938
A) the British and French chose appeasement as their strategy with the Germans and
convinced Czechoslovakia to give up the Sudetenland.
B) the United States agreed to form an alliance with Great Britain and France in order to
defend Europe from German aggression.
C) the French ceded control of the provinces of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany.
D) Italy agreed to withdraw from Ethiopia, and Germany agreed to withdraw from
Sudetenland.

5. Giving into the demands of an aggressor in order to keep the peace is known as
A) pacifism.
B) neutrality.
C) appeasement.
D) militarism.

Quick Write:
If someone demanded your
lunch would you give it to
them just so they go away?
What would prevent them
from asking for your lunch
the next day too?
World War II (1931 - 1955)
The Soviet Union and Germany Pact - In 1939, Germany attacked Poland
from the east while the Soviet Union attacked Poland from the west, causing
the defeat of Poland after only a month of fighting.
The blitzkrieg, or "lightning war" - utilized improved tank and airpower
technology to strike a devastating blow against the enemy.
Luftwaffe - The German air force. It bombed airfields, factories, towns, and
cities, and screaming dive bombers fired on troops and civilians as a part of
their blitzkrieg offensive.
France surrendered to the Germans in 1940 - The Germans occupied
northern France and set up a "puppet state" in southern France with its capital.
The Vichy government - in southern France collaborated with the Nazis while
the French resistance movement was concentrated in the north and in England.
Charles de Gaule - escaped to England and set up a government in exile after
the German takeover of France. He worked to liberate his homeland of France
through the use of resistance fighters and guerilla tactics.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Lend-Lease Act - In March of 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt
persuaded Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act, which allowed
him to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense
the President deems vital to the defense of the United States."
Pearl Harbor - The Japanese bombed the American fleet at Pearl
Harbor in Hawaii on December 7, 1941, killing about 2,400 people
and destroying valuable battleships and aircrafts. The next day,
President Roosevelt famously told the nation that December 7
was "a date which will live in infamy."
Concentration camps - or detention centers for civilians
considered enemies of the state, were used by the Nazis during
World War II. Millions of Jews, Poles, Slavs, and others were sent
as slave laborers to concentration camps where many died.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Holocaust - While the Nazis killed approximately 12 million
people during the Holocaust, 6 million of them were Jews.
The Final Solution Hitlers answer to what he called the Jewish
problem. The construction of death camps built in Poland
designed for the sole purpose of exterminating the Jews. German
engineers designed the most efficient means to killing millions of
men, women, and children.
Genocide The deliberate mass murder of an entire ethic
population Hitler pursued a vicious program to kill all people he
judged racially inferior, especially European Jews

1. The enormous power of the German military was revealed in their
"lightning war", or __________ against Poland in 1939.
A) Luftwaffe B) Vichy
C) Zerstrung D) blitzkrieg

2. Approximately how many Jews did the Nazis kill during the Holocaust?
A) 1 million B) 25 million
C) 6 million D) 12 million

3. The German air force was called the
A) Luftwaffe. B) Vichy.
C) Zerstrung. D) Blitzkrieg.

4. When did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
A) June 6, 1944
B) September 2, 1945
C) December 7, 1941
D) September 1, 1939
5. Who led the "free French" after escaping to England, where he
organized the resistance movement aimed at freeing France from German
rule?
A) Winston Churchill
B) Charles de Gaulle
C) Neville Chamberlain
D) Louis Philippe

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=79p8KI
-vg_Q&feature=player_detailpage

Video on European Campaign 1939
World War II (1931 - 1955)
D-Day - June 6, 1944 (D-Day). The Normandy landings,
codenamed Operation Neptune, were the landing operations of
the Allied invasion of Normandy, in Operation Overlord, during
World War II. The landings commenced on D-Day The Allied
forces encounter strong resistance opposition on Omaha beach.
Prior to the D-Day invasion, the Allies gathered the largest fleet
ever assembled. The Allied fleet consisted of 4,400 ships and
landing crafts, making it the largest fleet ever assembled.
V-E Day Victory in Europe. By early 1945, Allied forces were
approaching Berlin from several different directions. On May 7,
1945, Germany surrendered as Allied forces began to surround
Berlin.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Ch.14 Sec 3-4 Notes # 13
General Douglas MacArthur - led United States Marines in the
summer of 1942 as the United States began a campaign to
gradually move American forces toward the mainland of Japan?
Island hoping A policy of by-passing Japanese controlled
islands for more strategic targets and choking off supplies to those
islands which were skipped.
Okinawa - was the location of the most costly and complex
operation in the Pacific campaign. Taking Okinawa was the most
complex and costly operation in the Pacific campaign, as it
involved 500,000 troops and 1,213 warships. The battle cost U.S.
forces approximately 50,000 casualties
Kamikaze pilots - Kamikaze pilots agreed to suicide missions in
which they crashed their explosive-laden airplanes into American
warships.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Admiral Chester Nimitz - commanded the United States Navy in
1944, successfully blockading Japanese ports in 1944 as
American bombers pounded Japanese cities and industries.
The Yalta Conference - Franklin Delano Roosevelt, Winston
Churchill, and Joseph Stalin agreed to the following terms. 1 - The
Soviet Union would enter the war against Japan within three
months of Germany's surrender. 2 - Churchill and Roosevelt
promised Stalin that the Soviets could take control of southern
Sakhalin Island, the Kuril Islands, and an occupation zone in
Korea. 3 - They also agreed that Germany would be temporarily
divided into four zones to be governed by American, French,
British, and Soviet forces.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
The Manhattan Project - Allied scientists conducted research,
code-named the Manhattan Project, in a race with the Germans to
harness the atom. In July of 1945, they successfully tested the
first atom bomb at Alamogordo, New Mexico.
The Bomb Two different bomb were created Fat Boy and
Thin Man. The first atomic bomb was dropped on the Japanese
city of Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Japanese city was the target
of the second atomic bomb, dropped by the United States on
August 9, 1945?
The Japanese surrendered soon after the United States dropped
a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki

Class Quiz Ch.14 Sec 3-4
1. Who commanded the United States Navy in 1944, successfully blockading
Japanese ports?
A) Admiral Chester Nimitz B) Admiral Ernest Joseph King
C) Admiral William Halsey, Jr. D) Admiral William Daniel Leahy

2. Kamikaze pilots
A) were sent only on the most dangerous missions.
B) rebelled against Japanese rule, joining the Allies in late 1944.
C) helped the Nazis during their assault on the British islands.
D) crashed their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships.

3. American forces embarked on a campaign known as __________, with the goal
of recapturing some Japanese-held islands which were used as steppingstones
to the next objective.
A) the Pacific theatre B) island-hopping
C) Operation Free Asia D) the Tokyo Plan

.

4. The Manhattan Project was
A) a plan to save New York City from a potential German invasion.
B) the name for the overall plan used to eventually defeat the Nazis.
C) a project conducted by Allied scientists in an effort to create an atomic bomb.
D) a secret spy ring that provided Allied intelligence useful information about enemy
activities

5. May 8, 1945, the day after Germany surrendered, officially became known as
A) V-E Day.
B) Memorial Day.
C) V-J Day.
D) Veterans Day
QUICK WRITE:
"The world will note that the first atomic bomb was
dropped on Hiroshima, a military base. That was
because we wished in this first attack to avoid, insofar
as possible, the killing of civilians. But that attack is
only a warning of things to come. If Japan does not
surrender, bombs will have to be dropped on her war
industries and, unfortunately, thousands of civilian lives
will be lost. I urge Japanese civilians to leave industrial
cities immediately, and save themselves from
destruction.
President Truman in a radio speech August 9, 1945.
According to the above quotation, why did the United
States choose Hiroshima as the target for the
dropping of the first atomic bomb? What would you
have done?
World War II (1931 - 1955)
Nuremberg Trials - The Allies put on trial Axis leaders in
Nuremberg, Germany for "crimes against humanity. A total of 177
Germans and Austrians were tried, and 142 were found guilty of
"crimes against humanity"
The Soviet Union - refused to relinquish control over eastern
Germany, leading to a divided nation. West Germany became a
democratic ally of Western Europe while East Germany was ruled by
a socialist dictator under the control of Joseph Stalin.
The Truman Doctrine - stated that the United States promised to
give military and economic support to any and all nations threatened
by communism.
Marshall Plan - the United States spent billions of dollars in an
attempt to help rebuild Western Europe. The United States feared
that without assistance, postwar hunger and poverty might make
Western European fall to communism.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
Soviet Union supported communism in Eastern Europe. By
1948, pro-Soviet communist governments were in place
throughout Eastern Europe, contributing to the start of the Cold
War. The soviet Union demanded that U.S. stop assisting
Germany.
The Berlin Airlift After the Soviet Union Blockaded West Berlin,
the U.S. and Britain began a round-the-clock airlift of food and fuel
to the people of West Berlin. Not wishing war the Soviet Union
lifted the Blockade in 1949.
North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) - In 1949, the United
States, Canada, and nine other countries formed a new military
alliance called the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO).
Members pledged to help one another if any one of them were
attacked.

World War II (1931 - 1955)
The Warsaw Pact - In 1955, the Soviet Union responded to the
creation of NATO by forming its own military alliance, the Warsaw
Pact. It included the Soviet Union and seven satellites in Eastern
Europe.
The Cold War - was a state of tension and hostility between
nations aligned with the United States on one side and the Soviet
Union on the other, without armed conflict between the major
rivals.
United Nations (U.N.) - An international peace keeping
organization. All member nations belong to the general assembly
and 11 representatives serve on the Security Council. The five
permanent members of the UN Security Council are the United
States, Russia, France, Great Britain, and China.
1. Where in Germany did the Allies have Axis leaders tried for
"crimes against humanity"?
A) Hamburg B) Berlin
C) Nuremberg D) Wrzburg
2. The state of tension and hostility between nations aligned with
the United States on one side and the Soviet Union on the other
was known as the
A) Truman Doctrine. B) Cold War.
C) Marshall Plan. D) Warsaw Pact.
3. Through the __________, the United States spent billions
helping to help rebuild Western Europe after World War II.
A) Marshall Plan B) Truman Doctrine
C) Warsaw Pact D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization

4. In 1949, the United States, Canada, and nine other countries
formed a new military alliance called the
A) Warsaw Pact. B) United Nations.
C) Truman Doctrine. D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
5. In 1955, the Soviet Union created its own military alliance called
the
A) Warsaw Pact. B) United Nations.
C) Truman Doctrine. D) North Atlantic Treaty Organization
Quick Write:
How do you feel when
someone promises you
something and doesnt follow
through on it? What if they do
the complete opposite of their
promise?
Compare that to the Soviets
refusal to hold free elections in
Poland and to give back East
Germany
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Superpowers The united States and the Soviet Union prove to
be nations more powerful than the rest of the world nations.
Mixed Economy - The economies of Western Europe and the
United States can be called mixed economies, where consumers
and producers make economic decisions, yet the government also
plays an economic role.
Communism - the basic ideology of the Soviet Union. The Soviet
Union sought to spread their communist ideology, or value system
and beliefs, around the globe.
Berlin Wall - when unhappy East Germans began to flee into
West Berlin. The East Germans built a wall that sealed off West
Berlin.
Policy of Containment a policy to keep communism within it
existing boundaries and prevent further aggressive moves.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Fidel Castro - transformed his country during the Cuban
Revolution in 1959, leading his guerilla army to victory and turning
Cuba into a totalitarian Communist State
The Bay of Pigs the United States supported an invasion of
U.S. trained Cuban exiles. The Exiles were quickly captured. The
U.S placed a trade embargo that last today
Missiles in Cuba In 1962 the Soviet Union sent nuclear
missiles to Cuba which is Latin American island Located just 90
miles off the coast of Florida.
President John f. Kennedy Responded by imposing a naval
blockade that prevented any further shipments. Kennedy
demanded that the Soviet Union remove the missiles from Cuba.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Nikita Khrushchev The Leader of the Soviet Union. After days
in which the world faced the risk of a nuclear war. Khrushchev
Finally agreed to remove the nuclear missiles.
Fallout shelters - The nuclear threat led many people in the U.S.
to build fallout shelters underneath their back yards to deal with
fears from during the Cuban Missile Crisis?
Dtente - a strategy during the 1970s that caused a relaxation of
tensions, and focused on restraining the Soviet Union through
diplomatic agreements
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) During the 1980s, U.S.
President Ronald Reagan launched a program to build a "Star
Wars" missile defense against nuclear attack. Popularly know as
Star Wars SDI purposed to the creation of a massive satellite
shield in space to intercept and destroy incoming Soviet missiles.

1. What step did the East Germans take when unhappy East
Germans began to flee into West Berlin?
A) They began spying on families.
B) They offered West Germans real estate and money
C) They ignored the exodus.
D) They built a massive wall.

2. America's basic policy towards communist countries was
A) superpowers. B) dtente.
C) Ideology D) containment.

3. __________ launched a program to build a "Star Wars" missile
defense system while president.
A) Leonid Brezhnev B) John F. Kennedy
C) Fidel Castro D) Ronald Reagan

4. __________ transformed his country during the Cuban
Revolution.
A) Nikita Khruschev B) Fidel Castro
C) Ronald Reagan D) Leonid Brezhnev

5. Which term best describes a relaxation of tensions between the
US and the Soviet Union during the Cold War?
A) START B) dtente
C) anti-ballistic missile D) containment

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
America prospered after World War II - American businesses
expanded into markets around the globe, and foreign trade helped the
United States achieve a long postwar boom. World War II helped end
the Great Depression and redistribute wealth across the United States.
The A new American identity that arose following World War II regarded
Americans as democratic, tolerant, and peaceful
America and the U.N. - The U.N. was chartered in San Francisco and
although the headquarters of the League of Nations had been
symbolically located in neutral Switzerland, the newly formed United
Nations was built in New York City.
Japan After the war, the Japanese emperor lost all political power and
a new constitution established a parliamentary democracy. With
American assistance postwar WWII Japan successfully produced goods
for export, and its Gross domestic product (GDP) which is the total value
of goods and services produced in a nation within a particular year
increased greatly.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Britain Affected - After World War II, the British Empire faced
economic shortages. Britain could no longer afford a large military
presence overseas after the war, and so it abandoned its colonial
empire in the face of demands for independence.
Welfare state - is a country with a market economy, but with
increased government responsibility for the social and economic
needs of its people.
John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson - Under the leadership
of Democratic presidents Kennedy and Johnson, Congress
funded Medicare and other programs that offered housing to the
poor, and with pressures of the American Civil Rights Movement
led Congress to outlaw public segregation, protected voting rights,
and required equal access to public housing and jobs as a result
of the civil rights movement for African Americans

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. - a gifted preacher, helped organize
boycotts, made stirring speeches, and led peaceful marches
during the civil rights movement. He was the leader of the
Southern Christian Leadership Conference working for racial
equality. King followed the peaceful resistance style of Ghandi
and was assassinated in 1968

1. Congress began funding Medicare and other social programs
under which two leaders?
A) Ronald Reagan and George Marshall
B) Dwight Eisenhower and Ronald Reagan
C) John F. Kennedy and Lyndon Johnson
D) Martin Luther King, Jr. and John F. Kennedy
2. As postwar Japan successfully produced goods for export, its
__________ soared.
A) recession B) gross domestic product
C) budget deficit D) suburbanization
3. Where was the headquarters of the newly formed United Nations
built?
A) the Sunbelt B) Switzerland
C) New York City D) Berlin
4. The pressures of the American Civil Rights Movement led to
what significant change for African Americans?
A) The government's role in the economy grew.
B) The government greatly increased the national budget deficit.
C) Congress passed laws that began to end years of segregation and
discrimination.
D) Congress made Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. an honorary member.
5. Which American emerged as the most respected leader of the
civil rights movement during the 1950s and 1960s?
A) Konrad Adenauer
B) George Marshall
C) Ronald Reagan
D) Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Injustice anywhere is
a threat to justice
everywhere.
- Martin Luther King Jr.

What does this mean?

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Mao Zedong Fought a civil war against the Nationalist
Leadership of China. Poor Nationalist economic policies, and
Chinas reliance on western nations gave support to the
Communist cause throughout China.
Communist China Discouraged tradition beliefs systems and
Religion. Mao set up a one party totalitarian government, and
prison labor camps where many of the former middle class were
sent.
Great leap Forward Mao urged his people to make
superhuman effort to increase farm and industry output.
The great Leap forward failed - because it had cut incentives to
farmer to produce, and Industries were producing worthless
goods of very low quality
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Cultural Revolution The goal was to promote revolution in the
youth as first hand. The youth formed bands of Red Guard who
often beat or killed people believed to be bourgeois (middle
Class). Factories and schools closed and the economy slowed.
The army was sent in to restore order.
The China Card A strategic policy followed by the United
States to further divide China and the Soviet Union.
Taiwan The nationalist party fled to the island of Taiwan and set
up a single party government under martial law.
China and Taiwan China considers Taiwan a break province
that should be returned. Taiwan ended martial law and sought
independence in the 1980s.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Korean War - The Korean War was a war between the Republic
of South Korea (supported by the United Nations and the United
States), and the Democratic People's Republic of North Korea
(supported by China and the Soviet Union). It was fought between
1950 and 1953 and ended in a stalemate. The Korean War is
sometimes referred to as Americas forgotten war.
The Korean war - broke out when North Korean leader Kim Il-
sung sent North Korean Troops across the 38th parallel attacking
South Korea. Kim Il-sung was determined to unify their country in
an attempt to take back South Korea by force.

1. What movement urged young Chinese to gain similar
experiences to Mao Zedong's own generation, and was
launched in 1966?
A) Cultural Revolution B) Great Leap Forward
C) Pusan Perimeter D) Playing the China card
2. A strategic policy followed by the United States to further
divide China and the Soviet Union.
A) Cultural Revolution B) Great Leap Forward
C) Pusan Perimeter D) Playing the China card
3. The Chinese Nationalist Party fled to this island and set up
a single party government under martial law.
A) China B) Japan
C) Taiwan D) Sigapore
4. __________ was the dictator who ruled North Korea
during the Cold War.
A) Syngman Rhee B) Mao Zedong
C) Kim Il Sung D) Jiang Jieshi
5. The Korean war is often referred to as the
A) The War for Democracy B) Korean Civil War
C) The forgotten War D) Sungs War
The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Division of Vietnam - It was feared that the Communists
would win. Although the division of Vietnam was to be
temporary, elections were never held for reunification
largely because the Americans and Ngo Dinh Diem feared
the Communists would win.
Dienbienphu - The unexpected Vietnamese victory at
Dienbienphu against the French who had a mandate in
South Vietnam convinced the French to leave Vietnam
Ho Chi Minh - was a Vietnamese nationalist and
communist who had fought the Japanese during World
War II and then against the French in what is known as the
First Indochina War.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Domino theory - the view that a communist victory in South
Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across
Southeast Asia to fall to communism. American foreign policy
planners developed the domino theory; the view that if South
Vietnam fell to the communists, other governments in the region
would also fall, like a row of dominoes.
The Gulf of Tonkin in 1964 - the South Vietnamese conducted
raids on the North Vietnamese islands in the Gulf of Tonkin. The
following day, North Vietnamese attacked the US Navy destroyer,
the Maddox.
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution - It gave U.S. President Lyndon B.
Johnson authorization, without a formal declaration of war by
Congress, for the use of "conventional'' military force in Southeast
Asia.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Tet Offensive - At this point in the war, the nation was bitterly
divided over Vietnam. An increasing number of Americans wanted
no more "body bags" coming home or television footage of burned
Vietnamese villages
Khmer Rouge - group of communist guerrillas gained ground
following the American invasion of Cambodia during the Vietnam
War, and eventually overthrew the Cambodian government in
1975.
Boat People - Hundreds of thousands of Vietnamese fled their
country after the war, most in small boats. Many of these "boat
people" drowned

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Vietnamization - a policy of the Richard Nixon administration
during the Vietnam War to end the U.S.' involvement in the war
and "expand, equip, and train South Vietnam's forces and assign
to them an ever-increasing combat role, at the same time steadily
reducing the number of U.S. combat troops"
Laos and Cambodia - the American withdrawal from Vietnam,
Cambodia and Laos ended up with governments dominated by
Communist. Vietnam gave some possible validity to the domino
theory.

1. Which Southeast Asian leader emerged as the leader of
the communists in North Vietnam?
A) Ho Chi Minh B) Pol Pot
C) Ngo Dinh Diem D) Khmer Rouge
2. The __________ was the view that a communist victory in
South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments
across Southeast Asia to fall to communism.
A) domino theory B) Pol Pot
C) Gulf of Tonkin Resolution C) Viet Cong

3. The North Vietnamese attack on a US Navy destroyer, the
Maddox, mistakenly believed to have assisted the South
Vietnamese raids (and subsequent claims of a second
attack) occurred where?
A) the Gulf of Tonkin B) Ho Chi Minh City
C) Saigon C) the Mekong Delta
4.The fall of which countries to communist forces gives
some possible validity to the domino theory?
A) Korea and Japan B) Laos and Cambodia
C) Japan and Thailand D) Cambodia and Thailand
5) Following the Vietnam War, how did many Vietnamese
refugees flee their country?
A) by small plane into China B) by train
C) in boats C) by tunnels to Cambodia
Vietnam War
History Channel Documentary

https://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=playe
r_detailpage&v=WkvjixMBOuQ

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Soviet Union Declines (1)The command economy becomes
Stagnate and low wages and lack of incentives led to poor-quality
in production. (2) A large military budget to respond the over
commitment of troops required to discourage breakaway
republics (3) and the expense of nuclear weapons and the
competition with United States all led to the decline.
Afghanistan Soviets attempted to modernize the Islamic
country and redistribute the land away from the local warlords
Mujahedin Muslim religious warriors led by warlords and cleric
fought a gorilla warfare against the Soviets ( The Soviet Vietnam)
Mikhail Gorbachev The new Soviet leader sought to reform
the USSR. He signed arms treaties with U.S. and pulled troops
out of Afghanistan.

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Glasnost Means openness. The soviet society was
encouraged to discuss issues openly without censorship or fear.
Perestroika a restructuring of the government and the
economy.
Lech Walesa The leader of the Solidarity organization in
Poland which surge forward and broke the Soviet control over
Poland as a satellite nation
Solidarity An independent labor Union. With millions of
members it demanded political as well as economic change.
Vaclav Havel A dissident writer and human rights activist, was
elected president of Czechoslovakia

The Cold War (1945 - 1991)
Nicolae Ceausescu Romanias longtime dictator refused to
step down. Violent overthrow of his government led to his
execution.
Czechoslovakia Agreed to split into the two nations Slovakia
and the Czechs Republic
China introduced economic reform in the 1980s. However the
communist party leaders made no political change
Vietnam Has began to open up its country and made economic
changes
North Korea Has remained isolated under a rigid totalitarian
regime with large portions of its population starving
1. What term best describes the Muslim religious warriors
who battled the Soviet Union in Afghanistan?
A) Solidarity B) mujahedin
C) Glasnost D) incentives
2. The Soviet Union's "Vietnam" was a war fought in which
country?
A) Lithuania B) Afghanistan
C) Poland D) Cuba
3. Which Romanian dictator was overthrown and executed in
1989?
A) Nicolae Ceauosescu B) Mikhail Gorbachev
C) Vaclav Havel D) Lech Walesa

4. In 1980, Poles organized __________, an independent
labor union.
A) Solidarity B) glasnost
C) Perestroika D) mujahedin
5. What encouraged Gorbachev to bring about reforms when
he came to power?
A) The Soviet Union was close to victory in Afghanistan.
B) The Soviet Union's economy was in bad shape and war
continued in Afghanistan.
C) Gorbachev had met with presidents Vaclav Havel and Lech
Walesa and realized that reforms were needed in Russia.
D) Times were prosperous when Gorbachev took over and the
people were willing to change.
New Nations Emerge (1945 - Present)
Indian National Congress An organization that called for the
peaceful protest to end the imperialism of India.
Mohandas Gandhi - A Hindu political leader that used peaceful
protest to demand a stop to Britains imperialism of India
The Muslim League - Worried they would have less say in the
larger Hindu ran government would Muslims formed their own
league led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah, which helped to create an
independent Pakistan for British India's Muslims in 1947.
Partition As violence increased between Hindu and Muslim, a
partition, or division, was created by Britain in which the Muslim-
majority Pakistan and Hindu-majority India both gained
independence from Britain on August 15, 1947.
Jawaharlal Nehru - became the first prime minister of India,
leading the country from 19471964
Kashmir A state in the Himalayas with both Hindu and Muslim
populations. The Hindu leader of the state wanted to join India but
the Muslim population wanted to join Pakistan. Fighting broke out
and the region is still in dispute to this day.
The Golden Temple - is considered to be the holiest shrine to
Sikhs religious group
Bangladesh - The Bengalis of East Pakistan fought for
independence from Pakistan after years of resentment over
perceived neglect by the Pakistani government to their needs,
eventually forming the independent nation of Bangladesh in 1971.
Nonalignment - was the name of the doctrine in which abiding
states declared their political and diplomatic independence from
both Cold War superpowers?
Islamic fundamentalism - The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan
during the 1980's and resentment over U.S. influence in the
Middle East and Pakistan helped to contribute to a rise in Islamic
fundamentalism.

Pakistan Double cross:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage&v=Upc
hVKhtU5A

1. Which nation was formerly known as East Pakistan before gaining its
independence in 1971?
A) Bangladesh B) Kashmir
C) Bhutan D) Nepal

2. What is the name of the region that borders India and Pakistan and has
been the source of conflict between the two nations?
A) Kashmir B) Bangladesh
C) Himalayas D) Nepal

3. A __________, or division, was created in which the Muslim-majority
Pakistan and Hindu-majority India gained independence.
A) Dalit B) partition
C) Blockade D) secession

4. The Soviet invasion of Afghanistan during the 1980's and
resentment over U.S. influence in the Middle East and
Pakistan helped to contribute to
A) Islamic fundamentalism.
B) military buildups throughout the Middle East
C) communism.
D) a rise in poverty.

5. What is the name of the organization led by Muhammad Ali
Jinnah that helped to create the nation of Pakistan?
A) Congress Party B) Pan-Indian Party
C) South Asian Leadership D) Muslim League

Quick Write:
Muslim-majority Pakistan and
Hindu-majority India both
have nuclear weapons and
distrust and do not like each.
Do you think this could be a
situation that may start WW3?
New Nations Emerge (4/1/1945 4/1/2014)
Lunar Landing In 1969 Neil Armstrong was the first person to
land on the moon
Gravitational Difference - The Moon and Mars have a surface
gravity much less than Earth normal (which called 1g - the g
stands for 'gravity'). The lunar surface is at roughly 1/6g and Mars
is a 1/3g planet.
Sub-orbital tourism - The key to space colonization is
transportation from the Earth's surface to the Targeted Planet.
U.S. Colonization Secret plans for a solar satellite colony were
hid from the former Soviet Leaders. The U.S. secretly had
established a tertiary military Martin Base 20 years ago.
Resistance All Native species were wiped out when they
resisted American colonization. The military establish bases. If
you are still copying these notes then you are an Aprils Fool.

Quick Write:
What was the best Aprils
Fool Joke you ever played
on someone? and What was
the best ever played on
you?
Malaysia, Brunei, Singapore Three former British colonies on
the Malay Peninsula and the island of Borneo gained
independence in the 1950's and joined to form the nation of
Malaysia. The oil-rich monarchy of Brunei, on Borneo, and the
prosperous city-state of Singapore gained independence as
separate nations in 1984 and 1965, respectively.
Sukarno - became the first president of an independent
Indonesia, said, "We are establishing an Indonesian state which
all of us must support. All for all. Not the Christians for Indonesia,
not the Islamic group for Indonesiabut the Indonesians for
Indonesiaall for all!"
President Suharto - seized power of Indonesia in 1966 becoming
a dictator that ruled Indonesia for 32 years, from 1966 to 1998. He
was finally forced to resign in 1998 following the 1997 Asian
financial crisis.

Discrimination in Indonesian The Chinese minority group
became the victim of discrimination and vicious attacks on
Chinese and their businesses in the late 1990s in Indonesian
East Timor - Indonesia seized East Timor, a former Portuguese
colony, from Portugal in 1975. However, the East Timorese
wanted independence leading to a long bloody war which was
fought until East Timor received their independence in 2002.
An autocratic government - is one that has unlimited power.
Aung San Suu Kyi - won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995 for her
"nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights" in her
native Burma?

Philippines - gain independence from the United States in 1946?
Ferdinand Marcos - Ferdinand Marcos, elected president in
1965, abandoned democracy. He became a dictator and cracked
down on basic freedoms. He even had Benigno Aquino, a
popular rival, murdered.
Corazon Aquino - When Marcos finally held elections in 1986,
voters elected Corazon Aquino, widow of the slain Benigno
Aquino. Marcos tried to deny the results, but the people of Manila
held demonstrations that forced him to resign during the "people
power" revolution.

1. From which country did the Philippines gain
independence from in 1946?
A) Spain B) Great Britain
C) Japan D) the United States
2. What is the name of the Filipino dictator, elected president
in 1965, that abandoned democracy and cracked down on
basic freedoms?
A) Benigno Aquino B) Ferdinand Marcos
C) Corazon Aquino D) Joseph Estrada
3. Which Indonesian minority group became the victim of
discrimination and violence in the late 1990s?
A) New Guineans B) Chinese
C) Thais D) Malaysians

4. Whose victory in the Filipino presidential election of 1986
helped lead to the resignation of the dictator Ferdinand
Marcos?
A) Corazon Aquino B) Benigno Aquino
C) Imelda Marcos D) Joseph Estrada

5. Indonesia seized which former Portuguese colony in 1975,
leading to a long bloody war for independence?
A) Macao B) the Azores
C) Madagascar D) East Timor

The interior of West Africa, East Africa, and much of central and
southern Africa is made up of grasslands with scattered trees,
areas known as savannas.
The Trouble with Tribalism - a major problem for newly
independent African nations after receiving their freedom from
colonial powers is that many Africans felt their first loyalty was to
their own ethnic group, not to their new national government.
European Drawn Borders - European colonial powers had
drawn boundaries between their colonies without regard for the
territories of the continent's hundreds of ethnic groups. Most
African nations gained independence as a patchwork of peoples
with diverse languages and religions.
Republic of Biafra - The Ibo people declared the oil-rich
southeastern part of Nigeria as the independent Republic of
Biafra. A three-year war ensued that left hundreds of thousands
dead. In the end, Nigeria's military defeated the Biafran rebels and
ended Biafra's independence.
Jomo Kenyatta - supported nonviolent methods to end
oppressive British laws. Kenyatta was imprisoned in the 1950's,
but became the first president of independent Kenya in 1963.
Ghana - The first African nation south of the Sahara to win
freedom was the British colony of Gold Coast
Coup d'tat - The forcible overthrow of a government, often by
military leaders.

The Democratic Republic of the Congo - a former Belgian
colony, contains valuable natural resources including diamonds
and the copper of Katanga province.
Mobutu Sese Seko - was the dictator of Zaire. The United States
supported Mobutu Sese Seko, (now known as the Democratic
Republic of the Congo), to counter Soviet support for the
government of neighboring Angola. Mobutu was finally driven into
exile 1997 and the country remains divided.
National Liberation Front - Algerian nationalists set up the
National Liberation Front which turned to guerilla warfare in 1954
in an attempt to win their independence from France.
1992 Algerian - The majority of votes in the 1992 Algerian
elections went to Islamists, who wanted government policies to be
based on the teachings of Islam are The military rejected Islamic
rule and the nation enter civil war.

1. What is the name of the first African nation south of the
Sahara desert to win its freedom?
A) Zimbabwe B) Ghana
C) South Africa D) Mozambique
2. The forcible overthrow of a government, often by military
leaders, is known as a
A) coup d'tat. B) demonstration.
C) insurrection. D) revolution.
3. A rebellion in Nigeria led by the Ibo people resulted in their
unsuccessful attempt to create an independent nation briefly
known as the Republic of
A) Katanga. B) Biafra.
C) Lagos. D) Abuja.

4. The interior of West Africa, East Africa, and much of
central and southern Africa is made up of grasslands with
scattered trees, areas known as
A) plateaus. B) plains.
C) savannas. D) jungle
5. The majority of votes in the 1992 Algerian elections went
to Islamists, who are
A) supporters of autocratic dictators throughout the Middle East.
B) persecuted minority groups in many Muslim dominated
countries.
C) democratic allies of the United States.
D) people that want government policies to be based on the
teachings of Islam.

Kurds are a group of people, the largest ethnic group in the
world without their own nation, they live in a divided area
bordering Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey?
Israel - In 1947, the UN drew up a plan to divide Palestine into
an Arab and a Jewish state. Jews accepted the plan, but Arabs
rejected it. After Britain withdrew from Palestine in 1948, Jews
proclaimed the independent state of Israel.
kibbutzim Are collective farms that produce crops for export in
Israel.
Arab League on 14 May 1948, the Arab States decided to
intervene on behalf of Palestinian Arabs, marching their forces
into former British Palestine, beginning the main phase of the
1948 Arab-Israeli War.

Arab Israeli war - The overall fighting, leading to around 15,000
casualties, resulted in cease fire and armistice agreements of
1949, with Israel holding much of the former Mandate territory.
700,000 Palestinian Arabs were forced from their homes to U.N.
set up camps.
Anwar Sadat - Egypt, led by Anwar Sadat, became the first Arab
nation to make peace with Israel. In 1981, Muslim
fundamentalists assassinated Sadat
The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
(OPEC) - was formed in 1960 by the world's largest oil producing
nations, such as Saudi Arabia, Iran, Iraq, Kuwait, and the United
Arab Emirates (UAE) in order to control the price of oil.

Secular government - Some Middle Eastern nations have
adopted Western forms of secular, or nonreligious, government
and law, keeping religion and government separate.
Theocracy is a government ruled by religious leaders
Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini - claimed that the Iranian
monarchy was violating Islamic law and in 1979, overthrew the
government and establish Iran as an Islamic republic.
Saudi Arabia - has the world's largest reserves of oil out of all
the Middle Eastern nations, and it also is home to Islam's holiest
city of Mecca.
hejabs - Traditional Muslim headscarves and loose-fitting, ankle
length garments that women in the Middle Eastern nations are
required in some, such as Saudi Arabia and Iran, but not in
others, such as Turkey and Lebanon
1. Traditional Muslim headscarves and loose-fitting, ankle
length garments known as __________ are required of
women in some Middle Eastern nations, but not in others.
A) hejabs B) parkas
C) kibbutzim D) kippahs
2. Which nation proclaimed their independence in 1948
following the British withdrawal from Palestine?
A) Egypt B) Israel
C) Jordan D) Iraq
3. A government ruled by religious leaders is called
A) a theocracy. B) a secular state.
C) Islamist. D) a dictatorship.

4. Which group of people, the largest ethnic group in the
world without their own nation, live in a divided area
bordering Iran, Iraq, Syria, and Turkey?
A) Persians B)Druse
C)Palestinians D) Kurds

5. Which Arab nation, led by Anwar Sadat, became the first
to make peace with Israel?
A) Egypt B) Jordan
C) Lebanon D)Syria

Birth of a Nation: Israel

http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detail
page&v=vCC3BEwdS0M

Regional Conflicts (1945Present)
Chechnya - is a Russian territory. Muslim Chechen nationalists
are currently fighting a brutal war for independence against
Russia. Russian troops won control of the Chechen capital of
Grozny in 2000, and some Chechen rebels have resorted to
committing acts of terrorism against the Russians.
Religious conflict in Northern - When Ireland became an
independent nation in 1922, the Protestant majority in the northern
counties voted to remain a part of Great Britain. Catholics in
Northern Ireland have demanded reunification with Ireland, and
the two sides have clashed repeatedly over the years.
Good Friday Agreement - was the name of the peace accord
signed by Protestants and Catholics in Northern Ireland in 1998?

Quebec - In 1995, the majority of Quebec's people voted in a
popular referendum to remain a part of Canada and not to seek
independence.
Yugoslavia Nationalism - The fall of communism led to
nationalist unrest in Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia - Before 1991, Yugoslavia was a multiethnic society,
or made up of several ethnic groups. Yugoslavia was made up of
six republics, similar to states in the United States. These were
Slovenia, Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro,
and Macedonia.
Ethnic cleansing - The practice of killing people from other
ethnic groups or forcibly removing them from their homes to
create ethnically "pure" areas is known as ethnic cleansing. This
was a particular problem in the early 1990's in the former
republics of Yugoslavia.
Bosnian Genocide - refers to the killing of more than 8,000
Bosnian Muslim or Bosniak men and boys in 1995 by Bosnian
Serb forces, as well as the mass expulsion of another 25,000
30,000 Bosniak civilians, in and around the town of Srebrenica in
Bosnia
Kosovo - A region of Serbia which is 90% Albanian. President
Milosevic began to repress the ethnic Albanians who responded
with guerilla warfare. Serbian military forces began an ethnic
cleansing program against Albanians. U.S. and NATO Air strikes
forced Serbia to withdraw its forces from Kosovo.
Slobodan Milosevic - Serbian president during the 1990s. He
was charged with war crimes including genocide, and crimes
against humanity in connection to the wars in Bosnia, Croatia and
Kosovo which ended without a verdict when he died in his prison
cell in The Hague on March 11 2006

1. Which Russian territory is currently engaged in a brutal war for
independence against the Russian government?
A) Tartarstan B) Daghestan
C) Northern Ossetia D) Chechnya
2. What was the name of the peace accord signed by Protestants and
Catholics in Northern Ireland in 1998?
A) Belfast Agreement
B) Protestant and Catholic Reconciliation Agreement
C) Good Friday Agreement
D) Black Sunday Agreement
3. Which Canadian province voted against independence in a 1995
referendum?
A) British Columbia B) Ontario
C) Quebec D) Nova Scotia

4. What is the name of the region of Serbia, inhabited mainly
by Albanians, that resulted in their persecution by the Serbs?
A) Montenegro B) Bosnia
C) Croatia D) Kosovo
5. The practice of killing people from other ethnic groups or
forcibly removing them from their homes to create ethnically
"pure" areas is known as
A) Relocation. B) Ethnic Cleansing.
C) Persecution. D) Purity.

Quick Write:
Compare Adolf Hitler with
Slobodan Milosevic. Can you
believe that something Ethnic
Cleansing even exist in the
modern world?

Sudan - By 2004, ethnic conflict had spread to Sudan's western
region of Darfur. This conflict raised fears of a new genocide.
Arab militias, backed by the government, unleashed terror on
the non-Arab Muslim people of Darfur.
Rwanda An African country. In 1994, extremist Hutu officials
urged civilians to kill their Tutsi and moderate Hutu neighbors.
Around 800,000 Tutsis and moderate Hutus were slaughtered.
Another 3 million of Rwanda's 8 million people lost their homes
to destructive mobs.
Tutsis An ethnic group that dominated political power in
Rwanda
Hutus An ethnic group make up the majority in Rwanda
Apartheid - the government sponsored system of racial
separation that existed in South Africa.

Sharpeville - In 1960, South African police gunned down 69
men, women, and children during a peaceful demonstration
against apartheid in Sharpeville, a black township.
Archbishop Desmond Tutu - won the Nobel Peace Prize in
1984 for his nonviolent opposition to apartheid
African National Congress - or ANC, was the main organization
that opposed apartheid in South Africa and led the struggle for
majority rule.
F. W. de Klerk - the South African leader that ended apartheid.
Outside pressure and protests finally convinced South African
president F. W. de Klerk to end apartheid. In 1990, he lifted the
ban on the African National Congress (ANC) and freed Nelson
Mandela from jail.

Nelson Mandela - The first president of the post-apartheid
South Africa. South Africans of every race were allowed to vote
for the first time in 1994. They elected Nelson Mandela the first
president of a truly democratic South Africa.

1. Who won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1984 for his nonviolent
opposition to apartheid?
A) Nelson Mandela B) F. W. de Klerk
C) Mangosuthu Buthelezi D) Archbishop Desmond Tutu
2. In which black township did South African police officers
gun down 69 peaceful protesters against apartheid?
A) Sharpeville B) Johannesburg
C) Soweto D) Pretoria
3. Who became the first president of the post-apartheid
South Africa?
A) Nelson Mandela B) Desmond Tutu
C) Mangosuthu Buthelezi D) Steven Biko

4. In which African nation did Arab militias, backed by the
government, unleash terror on the non-Arab Muslim people
of Darfur?
A) Chad B) Sudan
C) Mali D) Mauritania

5. Apartheid is
A) a region of the Sudan.
B) the name of a tribe native to Rwanda.
C)the government sponsored system of racial separation
Quick Write:
When Arab militias began to carry
out Genocidal acts against Muslim
people in Darfur, The Jewish
nation of Israel supported the
Muslims sending millions in aid.
Why do you suppose that Israel
would do this considering the
hatred shown by Muslims towards
Jews in the middle east?
Occupied territories - Lands seized by Israel during the 1967
war, known as occupied territories, include the Golan Heights,
from Syria, East Jerusalem and the West Bank from Jordan, and
the Gaza Strip and Sinai Peninsula from Egypt.
Intifadas - Uprisings mounted by Palestinians who are opposed
to Israel in the occupied territories
Insurgents - or terrorists, targeted foreigners and Iraqi troops
after American-led forces defeated Saddam Hussein in 2003.
Oslo Accord - In 1993, Palestinian leader Yasir Arafat and
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin signed the Oslo Accord. It
outlined a plan to give Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank
limited self-rule.

The Palestinian Liberation Organization - (PLO) recognized
Israel's right to exist as a part of the 1993 Oslo Accord.
Liberation of Kuwait from Iraq in 1990 - Iraq invaded Kuwait
to control its vast oil fields and gain greater access to the
Persian Gulf. President George H.W. Bush formed a coalition of
Western and Middle Eastern nations to drive Iraq out of Kuwait.
Lebanon into a civil war - In 1975, religious tensions plunged
Lebanon into a civil war. Christian and Muslim militias, or armed
groups of citizen soldiers, battled each other.

the Gaza Strip Since June 2007 Hamas has governed the
Gaza Strip, after it won a majority of seats in the Palestinian
Parliament elections and then defeated the Fatah political
organization in a series of violent clashes.
Hamas Is classified as a terrorist organization by Israel, the
United States, Canada, the European Union, Jordan, Egypt and
Japan,
Iraq Iran war - During the 1980's, Iraq and Iran fought a long,
bloody war which began to reflect Cold War rivalries. Iran was
bitterly opposed to the United States. As a result, Iraq was able
to secure U.S. support.

1. Lands seized by Israel during the 1967 war from
neighboring Arab nations are known as
A) Disputed areas. B) Illegal encampments.
C) Occupied territories. D) Controversial settlements.
2. Uprisings mounted by Palestinians in the occupied
territories were known as
A) intifadas. B) rebellions.
C) revolts. D) jihad.
3. Which two religious groups were the main combatants
during the Lebanese civil war?
A) Muslims and Jews B) Christians and Muslims
C) Jews and Christians D) Sikhs and Hindus

4. Why did the United States and coalition forces attack
Iraqi troops in the 1991 Persian Gulf War?
A) In order to liberate Kuwait from Iraq.
B) To force Saddam Hussein from power.
C) to prevent Saddam Hussein from developing weapons of
mass destruction.
D) Iraq refused to export oil to the United States, Great Britain,
and their allies.
5. Insurgents, or __________, targeted foreigners and Iraqi
troops after American-led forces defeated Saddam Hussein
in 2003.
A) Terrorists B) Anarchists
C) Patriots D) Martyrs

The Developing World (1945Present)
Development - The process of building a stronger and
more advanced economy and creating higher living
standards is known as development. The nations working
toward development in Africa, Asia, and Latin America as
known collectively as the developing world.
How do Developing nations progress - Because they are
poor, developing nations rely on the wealth of industrialized
nations for investment. For example, a developing nation
with oil deposits might not have enough money to build its
own oil wells and pipelines. So it might turn to a foreign oil
company to build these things. In return, the foreign oil
company would get some of the income from that oil.

Literacy - The ability to read and write is called. Since a strong
economy requires well-trained workers, developing nations built
schools to increase literacy, or the ability to read and write.
U.N. Fight against Poverty - While the United Nations spends
billions of dollars annually on poverty prevention measures, it is
still difficult to combat entrenched issues such as rising
populations, malnutrition, and the lack of good schools in many
developing nations.
Family Life in Developing Nations - Because many families in
the developing world do not make enough money to buy what
they need, parents must also depend on their children's wages to
survive. For instance, in India today, around 44 million children
work for pay.
Fundamentalist religious leaders - preach for a return to what
they see as the fundamental, or basic, values of their faiths.
Rapid Urbanization - The rapid urbanization that is occurring in
developing nations is being caused by the existence of rural
poverty, the belief that cities offer more economic opportunities,
and the attraction of stores, concerts, and sports.
Green Revolution - New farming methods introduced in the
1950's, including commercially improved seeds, pesticides, and
mechanical equipment were collectively known as the Green
Revolution.
.

Traditional Economies - are farmers or craftspeople who make
or grow only enough to meet local needs, using simple methods
passed down from earlier generations.
Shantytowns Are overcrowded dangerous slums filled with
flimsy shacks lacking basic services such as running water,
electricity, or sewers
Ch.18 Sec 1Quiz
1. How are developing nations able to progress if they lack
the wealth and infrastructure necessary to build successful
businesses capable of employing large segments of the
population?
A) They rely on the wealth of industrialized nations for
investment.
B) They resign themselves to third world status.
C) They take out loans from banks world-wide.
D) They keep prices low so that the poor can afford to survive on
low wages.
2. The ability to read and write is called
A) literacy. B) Site Words.
B) phonics. D) development.

Ch.18 Sec 1Quiz
3. Fundamentalist religious leaders preach
A) intolerance towards people of different faiths.
B) a return to the fundamental, or basic, values of their faiths
C) in favor of global assimilation.
D) Against governments suspected of violating the freedom
4. Which of the following occupations would be considered
a part of a traditional economy?
A) Lawyer B) Farmer
C) Doctor D) Factory worker
5. Overcrowded, dangerous slums filled with flimsy shacks
lacking basic services are called
A) ghettoes. B) demilitarized zones.
C) suburbs. D) shantytowns.

Government subsidies - Many governments kept food
prices artificially low to prevent unrest among the urban
poor. Low prices, however, discouraged local farmers
from growing food crops. Farmers, instead, planted
valuable cash crops, such as coffee and cotton.
governments of developing nations able to ensure that
food remained cheap enough for their poverty stricken
people to afford Governments had to subsidize part of
the cost to Farmers
Desertification - In Sub-Saharan Africa, overgrazing
and farming removed topsoil and sped up
desertification, or a change from fertile land to desert.

Africa Famine - In the late 1900's, long droughts
contributed to famine in parts of Africa. Overgrazing and
farming removed topsoil and sped up desertification.
The loss of so much farmland and pasture led to famine
Endangered Species - Destroyed habitats have
caused many kinds of animals to become endangered
species, or species threatened with extinction
Eco-tourism - Urbanization, farming, and logging have
devoured nearly 70 percent of Africa's animal habitats.
Eco-tourism provides a steady income to local guides
and tour operators, helping to make poaching a
disincentive.

Wangari Maathai - In Kenya, an environmental activist
named Wangari Maathai challenged government policy
by starting the Green Belt Movement. She worked with
local women on projects of sustainable development.
This is economic development that aims to provide
lasting well-being for future generations rather than
short-term gains.
Socialism - A system in which the government controls
parts of the economy is called socialism.
Sustainable Development - Economic development
that aims to provide lasting well-being for future
generations rather than short-term gains is called
sustainable development.

AIDS - Since the 1980's, Africa's people have faced the
devastating disease AIDS. In nations such as South Africa and
Botswana, up to one third of adults were infected with HIV, the
virus that causes AIDS. In the early 2000's, the UN estimated
that more than 2 million Africans died of the disease each year.
Ch.18 Sec 2Quiz
1. What is the name of the Kenyan environmental activist
responsible for starting the Green Belt Movement?
A) Catherine Ndereba B) Tassin Hangbe
C) Wangari Maathai D) Jomo Kenyatta
2. A system in which the government controls parts of the
economy is called
A) socialism. B) communism.
C) totalitarianism. D) capitalism.
3. Economic development that aims to provide lasting well-
being for future generations rather than short-term gains is
called
A) incremental development. B) sustainable development.
C) progressive development. D) far-reaching development.

Ch.18 Sec 2Quiz
4. Overgrazing and farming removed topsoil in Sub-Saharan
Africa, leading to a change in the land from fertile to desert
known as
A) urbanization. B) desertification.
C) a drought. D) a famine.
5. How were the governments of developing nations able to
ensure that food remained cheap enough for their poverty
stricken people to afford?
A) Prices remained low through overproduction.
B) Governments had to subsidize part of the cost of importing
food from overseas.
C) Governments depended on aid from international aid
organizations.

Tiananmen Square - The huge public plaza at the center of
China's capital, Beijing, is called Tiananmen Square. In May of
1989, thousands of demonstrators staged a pro-democracy
demonstration there, which was put down brutally by the Chinese
government, resulting in thousands of deaths and injuries.
Chinese Population Control - In an effort to control their
population growth, China instituted a one-child policy in the
1980's, which limited urban families to a single child. Rural
families were allowed two.
Human rights issues in China - Despite economic reforms, the
Communist Party has continued to jail critics and reject calls for
political reform. Human-rights activists frequently point to issues
like the lack of free speech and the use of prison labor to
produce cheap export goods.

Deng Xiaoping - upon becoming leader in 1981 after Mao Died,
Deng set China on a path towards economic reform, caring
more for improving the economy than in political purity.
Four Modernizations - Deng Xiaoping's program for China, the
Four Modernizations, emphasized agriculture, industry, science,
and defense.
Economic growth in China - spurred on by Deng Xiaoping's
Four Modernizations program, Economic growth in China helped
to cause rapid urbanization, pollution, and the spread of AIDS
Dalits India's lowest social class or caste of people is the most
discriminated against group in Indian society.

The Indian Economy India originally adopted elements of a
command, using five-year plans to set economic goals, but
Beginning in the 1980's, India shifted toward more of a free-
market economy after seeing uneven results in their use of a
command economy.
India Social reform - Recent reforms India have brought
improvements for the dalits. However, prejudice and
discrimination still persist.
India's constitution - banned discrimination against people in
the lowest caste, or dalits
Bangalore - The city of Bangalore, India, serves as one of the
main centers for outsourcing of jobs in the world, particularly in
the tech sector. In addition, many Indians in the tech industry are
starting their own businesses with Bangalore as their
headquarters.

Ch.18 Sec 3 Quiz
1. In the 1980's, the Chinese government instituted a one-
child policy which
A) stated that only one child per family would be required to
serve in the military.
B) allowed for free public education for one child per family.
C) made it illegal for any Chinese citizen to have more than one
child.
D) limited urban families to a single child.
2. Rapid urbanization, pollution, and the spread of AIDS in
China can all be attributed to which of the following?
A) a socialist economy B) war with Japan
C) corrupt government D) economic growth

Ch.18 Sec 3 Quiz
3. Who, upon becoming leader in 1981, set China on a path
towards economic reform?
A) Mao Zedong B) Jiang Zemin
C) Deng Xiaoping D) Chiang Kai-shek
4. Which of the following is a human rights issue that China
has been heavily criticized for?
A) torturing foreign detainees B) No freedom of speech
C) violence Toward minorities D) children inthe military.
5. Indian reforms have been enacted to help __________,
the most discriminated against group in Indian society.
A) Women B) Muslims
C) Dalits D) Sikhs

The World Today (Present)
Terrorism - The use of violence, especially against civilians, by
groups - sometimes sponsored by governments that protect and
fund them - to achieve political goals is called terrorism.
The ETA - a Basque terrorist group, seeks to compel the
Spanish government to allow the Basque region in the Pyrenees
to secede.
Osama bin Laden - the leader of the terrorist group al Qaeda,
helped the warlords of Afghanistan drive the Soviet Union out of
their country in the 1980's.
The September 11 attacks (9/11) - were a series of four
coordinated terrorist attacks against the world trade center
buildings in New York and launched by the Islamic terrorist group
al-Qaeda. The attacks killed almost 3000 people

Afghanistan - Osama bin Laden and other al Qaeda leaders
were living in Afghanistan in 2001, leading the United States to
invade that country after the September 11, 2001, attacks.
Taliban - The government of Afghanistan, an Islamic
fundamentalist group called the Taliban, refused to surrender the
terrorists responsible for attacking the United States. The United
States responded by attacking Afghanistan and removing the
Taliban from power.
al Qaeda - The Islamic fundamentalist group led by Osama bin
Laden, was responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist
attacks on the United States.
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty - The purpose of the 1968
(NPT) was to ensure that nuclear weapons did not proliferate, or
rapidly spread, to nations that had no nuclear weapons.

Department of Homeland Security - The government created a
new Department of Homeland Security, and instituted more
rigorous security measures at airports and pubic buildings as a
result of the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001.
Weapons of mass destruction (WMD's) - include nuclear,
biological, and chemical weapons.
North Korea and Iran - are suspected to have bought or sold
nuclear weapons even though they are members of the Nuclear
Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT).

Ch.19 Sec 2 Quiz
1. Terrorism can be best defined as
A) random attacks against innocent civilians.
B) a type of warfare conducted under secrecy.
C) the use of violence, especially against civilians, by groups of
extremists to achieve political goals.
D) the desire to overthrow government leaders through the use of
violence

2. What is the name of the Islamic fundamentalist group
responsible for the September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks on
the United States?
A) Islamic Jihad B) al Qaeda
C) Abu Sayyaf D) Jemaah Islamiah

Ch.19 Sec 2 Quiz
3. Which country did the United States invade in response to
the September 11, 2001, attacks on the United States?
A) Iraq B) Pakistan
C) Saudi Arabia D) Afghanistan
4. Which group was removed from power by the United
States in 2001 because of their refusal to hand over the
terrorists responsible for attacking the United States?
A) PLO B) the Taliban
C) the Saudi monarchy D) Iraqi Baathists
5. Which two nations are suspected to have bought or sold
nuclear weapons
A) Iraq and Iran B) Afghanistan and Iraq
C) China and Israel D)North Korea and Iran

9/11 History Channel Documentary
Part 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?feature=player_detailpage
&v=M-B6c6xxXug

Part 2
&v=-kVg9iaDdE0

Part 3
&v=a-3ZOEXxdYg

Part 4
&v=-eWq_7dnshA

World History 2014

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WORLD HISTORY

Teacher: Ron Coleman

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