Running head: CARDIOVASCULAR, SKELETAL, AND MUSCULAR SYSTEMS 1

Cardiovascular, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems

Abigail Woodall
Wellness
August 29, 2014
Coach Taylor
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Circulatory, Skeletal, and Muscular Systems
The Circulatory System
1. List the functions of the human circulatory system.
a) The circulatory system transports oxygen from the lungs to muscles and tissues
throughout the body (Busse).
b) The circulatory system also transports nutrients throughout the body (Busse)
c) The circulatory system removes poisons and toxins from the body before they
reach harmful levels when it flows through the kidneys (Busse)
d) The circulatory system uses white blood cells to protect a person from diseases
(Busse)
e) The circulatory system helps transport hormones (Busse)
f) The circulatory helps cool people down and warm people up (Busse)
2. Trace a drop of blood through the heart from right atrium to the aorta.
a) Blood that has lost its O2 has been replaced with CO2 and enters in through the
Vena Cava into the Right Atrium of the heart.
b) The Right Atrium pumps the blood through the Tricuspid Valve into the Right
Ventricle
c) The Right Ventricle pumps blood through the Pulmonary Artery into the lungs.
d) In the lungs, the capillaries replace the CO2 with O2.
e) The oxygenated blood goes through the Pulmonary Vein into the Left Atrium
f) The Left Atrium pumps blood through the Mitral Valve into the Left Ventricle
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g) The Left Ventricle pumps really hard and send the blood through the Aortic Arch
to the rest of the body.
h) The cycle repeats.

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The Skeletal System
Identify all bones of the skeletal system
1. Axial Skeleton (80 bones total)
a. Skull: 28 bones
i. Nasal - nose
ii. Lacrimal
iii. Inferior Nasal Concha
iv. Maxillary
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v. Zygomatic cheek bones
vi. Temporal - temples
vii. Palatine
viii. Parietal - crown
ix. Malleus
x. Incus
xi. Stapes
xii. Frontal - forehead
xiii. Ethmoid
xiv. Vomer
xv. Sphenoid
xvi. Mandible Jaw bone
xvii. Occipital back of the head
b. Torso (52 bones)
i. Rib 1-Rib7
ii. False Rib 8 Rib 10 do not connect to sternum
iii. Floating Rib 11 & Rib 12 do not connect to sternum or to another
rib
iv. Hyoid
v. Sternum - breastbone
vi. Cervical Vertebrae 1 or atlas (Vertebrae backbone)
vii. C2 axis, - C7
viii. Thorasic Vertebrae 1
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ix. T2-T12
x. Lumbar Vertebrae 1
xi. L2-L5
xii. Sacrum
xiii. Coccyx Tail Bone
2. Appendicular Skeleton (126 bones total)
a. Upper Extremity (32 bones but these are in sets, so its really 64)
i. Scapula shoulder blade
ii. Clavicle - Collar bone
iii. Humerus - Funny bone
iv. Radius - The smaller part of the forearm
v. Ulna - The bigger part of the forearm
vi. Scaphoid
vii. Lunate
viii. Traquetrum
ix. Pisiform
x. Hamate
xi. Capitate
xii. Trapezoid
xiii. Trapezium
xiv. Metacarpal 1 (Metacarpals palm bones)
xv. Proximal Phalange 1 (Phalange fingers)
xvi. Distal Phalange 1
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xvii. Metacarpal 2
xviii. Proximal Phalange 2
xix. Middle Phalange 2
xx. Distal Phalange 2
xxi. Metacarpal 3
xxii. Proximal Phalange 3
xxiii. Middle Phalange
xxiv. Distal Phalange 3
xxv. Metacarpal 4
xxvi. Proximal Phalange 4
xxvii. Middle Phalange 4
xxviii. Distal Phalange 4
xxix. Metacarpal 5
xxx. Proximal Phalange 5
xxxi. Middle Phalange 5
xxxii. Distal Phalange 5
b. Lower Extremity (31 bones, but these come in a set. So, its really 62 bones total)
i. Hip Ilium, Ischium, Pubis
ii. Femur Thigh bone
iii. Patella - Kneecap
iv. Tibia Shin Bone
v. Fibula Splinter bone
vi. Talus - ankle
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vii. Calcaneus - heal
viii. Navicular
ix. Medial Cuneiform
x. Middle Cuneiform
xi. Lateral cuneiform
xii. Cuboid
xiii. Metatarsal 1 (Metatarsal toes)
xiv. Proximal Phalange 1
xv. Distal Phalange 1
xvi. Metatarsal 2
xvii. Proximal Phalange 2
xviii. Middle Phalange 2
xix. Distal Phalange 2
xx. Metatarsal 3
xxi. Proximal Phalange 3
xxii. Middle Phalange 3
xxiii. Distal Phalange 3
xxiv. Metatarsal 4
xxv. Proximal Phalange 4
xxvi. Middle Phalange 4
xxvii. Distal Phalange 4
xxviii. Metatarsal 5
xxix. Proximal Phalange 5
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xxx. Middle Phalange 5
xxxi. Distal Phalange 5
The names, categories and workbook pages for these bones were retrieved from Seeleys
Anatomy and Physiology, Ninth Edition (Seeley, VanPutte, Regan, & Russo 201-202).
The common names were retrieved from Hillendale Healths website on bone names
(Hillendale).

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The Muscular System
Muscles help us do normal daily activities like walking and opening or closing doors.
Each muscle is an individual organ made up of muscle tissue, nerves, blood vessels, and
connective tissue (HASPI). There are 650 muscles that are attached to the human skeleton
(HASPI). The following diagrams list just a few of our more visible muscle groups. Muscles
get tired. When muscles can no longer contract, this is called fatigue (HASPI). For example,
lets say you do two minutes of squats, then rest for 15 seconds and repeat this several times.
Around the third set, your quadriceps, hamstrings, and gluteus muscles will experience fatigue.
Some signs of fatigue are shaking and soreness (HASPI).

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Citations
Busse, M., 5 Major Functions of the Cardiovascular System. Healthy Heart Information.
LiveStrong. < http://www.livestrong.com/article/164894-5-major-functions-of-the-
cardiovascular-system/ 3 July 2010
Health and Science Pipeline Initiative. The Muscular System. Curriculum: Anatomy and
Physiology. < http://haspi.org/curriculum-anatomy-physiology.html 3 August, 2014
Hillendale Health. Skeletal System. Names of Bones. Health Curriculum at Hillendale.
<http://hes.ucfsd.org/gclaypo/skelweb/skel03.html. 2014.
Seeley, R., VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. Cardiovascular System: Gross Anatomy.
Seeleys Anatomy and Physiology. 9
th
ed. McGraw-Hill Company, 2011. Print.
Seeley, R., VanPutte, C., Regan, J., & Russo, A. Skeletal System: Gross Anatomy. Seeleys
Anatomy and Physiology. 9
th
ed. McGraw-Hill Company, 2011. Print.