Data Communications Reviewer

Data Communications
- Movement of Computer Information
from one point to another by means
of electrical or optical transmission
Systems
Data Communications Networks
- Refers to Systems connected
together for purpose of data
communications or sharing of
computer information
Telecommunications
- A broader term that refers to
transmission of voice, video and
data between devices
Internet Domain Names
- Format:
o <computer name>.<domain>
- Common US Domains:
o EDU Educational Institution
o COM Commercial Business
o GOV Government Agency
o MIL Military
o ORG Non-Profit
Organization
- Same country domains:
o AU Australia
o CA Canada
o DE Germany
o PH Philippines
o UK United Kingdom
o TK Tokelao



- Business Domains:
o AERO Aerospace
companies
o MUSEUM Museums
o NAME Persons &
Individuals
o PRO Professionals
Server-Host Computers
- Stores data or software that can be
accessed by the Clients.
Client
- Input/Ouput device of the users
end of a Communication Circuit
Circuit
- Pathway through which the
messages Travel
Client-Server Computing
- Server working together over the
network w/ a client computer to
support Business Application.
Peer-to-Peer
- Similar computers connected
together to share data & software.
Router
- A device that connects 2 or more
networks
File Server
- Stores data & software that can be
used by the computers on the
network.
Print-Server
- Connected to a printer, manages all
printing requests for the clients
Web Server
- Stores documents & graphics that
can be accessed using a web
browser

TYPES OF NETWORKS
1. LAN (Local Area Network)
- Group of computers in the same
general area, usually small.
2. BN (Backbone Network)
- A larger, central network connecting
several LANS, other BNs, WANs or
MANs
3. MAN (Metropolitan Area Network)
- Connects LANs & BNs Located in diff.
area to each other.
4. WAN (Wide Area Network)
- Connected BNs and MANs, usually
via Leased Circuit or lines from
telecommunication companies.
5. Intranet
- A LAN that uses the same
technology as the internet for use
inside the organization.
6. Extranet
- Similar to Intranet but used to
connect users inside and outside the
organization.

Protocol
- Set of rules that define what the
layer needs to understand

IP Address (Internet Protocol Address)
- A numerical label/identification that
is uniquely assigned to a computer
within the network (Specifically, The
internet)
Versions of IP:
IPV4 Uses decimal value (0 to 255) for
each Octet. Uses dots as a separator for
each octets.
Can hold 2
32
Values of IP Addresses
- Example: 192.168.1.4
IPV6 Uses HEXADECIMAL values (0 to FFFF)
for each octet. Also uses Colon as a
separator for each octets.
Can hold 2
132
Values of IP Addresses
- Example: AB14:
Octet Segments composing an IP Address
Subnet Mask Used to Subdivide the
network.
Types of IP:
Public Used to identify computer over the
internet.
Private For private networks.
Types of Addressing:
Classful Addressing/Routing
- Uses CLASSES to identify its Subnet
Mask.





Class IP Range Subnet Mask
A
1.0.0.1 to 126.
255. 255.254
255.0.0.0
B
128.0.0.1 to 191.
255.255.254
255.255.0.0
C
192.0.0.1 to
223.255.255.254
255.255.255.0
D
224.0.0.0 to
239.255.255.255
-
E
240.0.0.0 to
254.255.255.254
-

Loopback IP / Local Host
- Ranging from 127.0.0.1 to
127.255.255.255
Private Classes
Class Range
A 10.0.0.0 to 10.255.255.255
B 172. 16.0.0 to 172.255.255.255
C
192.168.0.0 to
192.168.255.255

Network Address
- Address to determine if the device is
available within the network (If the
device have the same IP Address)
Network Address Computation
- NA = IP & SM
- (each values must be converted to
binary digits)
- SM = Subnet Mask
- IP = IP Address
- NA = Network Address
Broadcast Address
- Last IP of the Network
- Used To communicate to all
computers in the network range
Useable IP Address
- Range between Network Address
and Broadcast Address

Types of Cables:
Straight Through Cable
- Has the same color pattern with
both ends of the cable.
- Mostly Used in Desktop-
Switch/Router Connection
Crossover Cable
- Has a different color pattern with
both ends of the cable.
- Mostly Used in Desktop-Desktop
Connection
TIA
(Telecommunications Industry Association)

TIA568A TIA568B
White-Green White-Orange
Green Orange
White-Orange White-Green
Blue Blue
White-Blue White-Blue
Orange Green
White-Brown White-Brown
Brown Brown

CAT5e Category Five Ethernet Cable
UTP Cable Unshielded Twisted Pair Cable
RJ45 Registered Jack 45