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(; ) :=
=0
()
!
(
) (1)
have an important role in the approximation theory [1].
Teir Korovkin type approximation properties and rates of
convergence have been investigated by many researchers.
Recently, there is a growing interest in defning linear positive
operators via special functions (see [213]). In particular,
many authors have studied various generalizations of Szasz
operators via special functions. In [14], Jakimovski and
Leviatan constructed a generalization of Szasz operators by
means of the Appell polynomials. Ten, Ismail [15] presented
another generalization of Szasz operators by means of Shefer
polynomials, which involves the operators (1) defned by Jaki-
movski and Leviatan in [14]. In [11],Varma et al. considered
the following generalization of Szasz operators by means of
the Brenke type polynomials, which are motivated by the
operators defned by Jakimovski and Leviatanand Ismail, for
0 and N:
(; ) :=
1
(1) ()
=0
() (
) (2)
under the following assumptions:
(i) (1) =0,
(1)
0, 0 , = 0, 1, 2, . . . ,
(ii) : [0, ) (0, ) ,
(iii) (4) and (5) converge for || < ( > 1) ,
(3)
where
() =
=0
,
0
=0,
() =
=0
=0 ( 0)
(4)
are analytic functions and the Brenke type polynomials [16]
have generating functions of the form
() () =
=0
()
, (5)
where
() =
=0
, = 0, 1, 2, . . . . (6)
2 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
Te Kantorovich type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators is
defned by [17]
(; ) :=
=0
()
!
(+1)/
/
() . (7)
Te approximation properties of the Szasz-Mirakyan-
Kantorovich operators and their various iterates were studied
by many authors in [12, 1823].
Recently, in [8], the Kantorovich type of the operators
given by (2) under the assumptions (3) has been defned as
(; ) :=
(1) ()
=0
()
(+1)/
/
() , (8)
where N, 0 and [0, ), and some of its
properties have been investigated.
Te purpose of this study is to introduce a Kantorovich-
Stancu type modifcation of the operators given by (8) and
to examine the approximation properties of these operators.
We also present a Kantorovich-Stancu type of the operators
including Gould-Hopper polynomials and then we prove a
Voronovskaya type theorem for these operators including
Gould-Hopper polynomials.
2. Construction of the Operators
For each positive integer , 0 and
([0, )), or
([0, )) , let us consider the following operators:
(,)
(; ) :=
+
(1) ()
=0
()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
() ,
(9)
where and parameters satisfy the condition 0 .
For the approximation properties of Stancu type operators,
we refer to [2427].
It is clear that for = = 0,
(,)
(; ) reduces to the
operators defned by (8).
Inthe case of () =
() =
(; ) gives
the Kantorovich-Stancu type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators as
follows:
(,)
(; ) := ( + )
=0
()
!
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
() ,
(10)
where and parameters satisfy the condition 0 .
In the case of = = 0, the operator (10) turns out to be
the Szasz-Mirakyan-Kantorovich operators given by (7).
For () =
,
(,)
(,)
(1; ) = 1, (11)
(,)
(; ) =
+
()
()
+
(1)
( + ) (1)
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
,
(12)
(,)
(
2
; ) = (
+
)
2
()
()
2
+
() [2
(1) + (2 + 2) (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
1
( + )
2
(1)
{
(1) + (2 + 2)
(1)
+(
2
+ +
1
3
)(1)} .
(13)
Proof. From the generating function of the Brenke type
polynomials given by (5), a few calculations reveal that
=0
() = (1) () ,
=0
() =
(1) () + (1)
() ,
=0
() =
2
2
(1)
()
+
() {2
(1) + (1)}
+ () {
(1) +
(1)} .
(14)
By using these equalities, we obtain the assertions of the
lemma by simple calculation.
Lemma 3. For each [0, ), one has
(,)
(( )
2
; )
= {(
+
)
2
()
()
2
()
( + ) ()
+ 1}
2
+ {
() [2
(1) + (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
(2 + 1)
()
( + )
2
()
(1)
( + ) (1)
2 + 1
+
} +
(1) +
(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)
(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
2
+ + (1/3)
( + )
2
.
(15)
Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 3
Teorem 4. Let
:= {: [0, ) ,
()
1 +
2
V },
lim
()
()
= 1, lim
()
()
= 1.
(16)
If [0, ) , then
lim
(,)
(; ) = () , (17)
and the operators
(,)
(,)
; ) =
, = 0, 1, 2. (18)
Tis convergence is satisfed uniformly in each compact
subset of [0, ). Ten, the proof follows from the universal
Korovkin-type property (vi) of Teorem 4.1.4 in [28].
3. Rates of Convergence
In this section, we compute the rates of convergence of the
operators
(,)
() ()
,
(19)
where
[0, ) denotes the space of uniformly continuous
functions on [0, ). Ten, for any > 0 and each [0, ),
it is well known that one can write
() ()
(; ) (
+ 1). (20)
Te next result gives the rate of convergence of the
sequence
(,)
(,)
(; ) ()
2(;
()), (21)
where
=
()
=
(,)
(( )
2
; )
= {(
+
)
2
()
()
2
()
( + ) ()
+ 1}
2
+ {
() [2
(1) + (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
(2 + 1)
()
( + )
2
()
(1)
( + ) (1)
2 + 1
+
} +
(1) +
(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)
(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
2
+ + (1/3)
( + )
2
.
(22)
Proof. Using linearity of the operators
(,)
(,)
(; ) ()
+
(1) ()
=0
()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
() ()
+
(1) ()
=0
()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
(
| |
+ 1)(; )
{1 +
+
(1) ()
=0
()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| | }(; ) .
(23)
According to the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for integration,
we obtain that
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
1
+
(
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
2
)
1/2
(24)
from which, it follows that
=0
()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
1
+
=0
() (
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
2
)
1/2
.
(25)
4 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
By using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for summation on
the right hand side of (25), we may write
=0
()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
(1) ()
+
(
(1) ()
+
(,)
(( )
2
; ))
1/2
=
(1) ()
+
(
(,)
(( )
2
; ))
1/2
=
(1) ()
+
(
())
1/2
,
(26)
where
(,)
(; ) ()
{1 +
1
()} (; ) . (27)
If we set =
[0, ) is defned by
2
(; ) := sup
0<
( + 2) 2( + ) + ()
,
(28)
where
= sup
[0,)
|()|.
Peetres -functional of the function
[0, ) is
defned by
(; ) := inf
[0,)
{
} ,
(29)
where
[0, ) := {
[0, ) :
[0, )} (30)
and the norm
:=
(see [29]). It
is clear that the following inequality:
(; ) {
2
(;
) + min (1, )
} (31)
holds for all > 0. Te constant is independent of and
.
Teorem6. Let
2
[0, ). If
(,)
(,)
(; ) ()
, (32)
where
=
()
= {(
+
)
2
()
2()
()
( + ) ()
+
1
2
}
2
+ {
() [2
(1) + (2 + 2) (1)]
2( + )
2
(1) ()
(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
+
+
()
()
1}
+
(1) +
(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)
(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+
2
+ + (1/3)
2( + )
2
+
2
(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
.
(33)
Proof. We can write from the Taylor expansion of , the
linearity of the operators
(,)
, and (11)
(,)
(; ) ()
=
()
(,)
( ; )
+
1
2
()
(,)
(( )
2
; ) , (, ) .
(34)
From Lemma 2, it is obvious that
(,)
( ; )
= {
+
()
()
1} +
(1)
( + ) (1)
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
0
(35)
for . Tus, by considering Lemmas 2 and 3 in (34), one
can write
(,)
(; ) ()
{{
+
()
()
1}
+
(1)
( + ) (1)
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
}
+
1
2
[{(
+
)
2
()
()
()
( + ) ()
+ 1}
2
Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 5
+ {
() [2
(1) + (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
(2 + 1)
()
( + )
2
()
(1)
( + ) (1)
2 + 1
+
}
+
(1) +
(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)
(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
2
+ + (1/3)
( + )
2
]
[{(
+
)
2
()
2()
()
( + ) ()
+
1
2
}
2
+ {
() [2
(1) + (2 + 2) (1)]
2( + )
2
(1) ()
(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
+
+
()
()
1}
+
(1) +
(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)
(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+
2
+ + (1/3)
2( + )
2
+
2
(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
]
(36)
which completes the proof.
Teorem 7. If
(,)
(; ) ()
2{
2
(;
) + min (1, )
} ,
(37)
where
:=
() =
1
2
() (38)
and > 0 is a constant which is independent of the function
and . Also,
(,)
(; ) ()
(,)
( ; )
(,)
(; ) ()
() ()
= 2 [
] .
(39)
Since the lef-hand side of inequality (39) does not depend on
the function
2
[0, ), we get
(,)
(; ) ()
2(; ) , (40)
where (; ) is Peetres -functional defned by (29). By
using the relation (31) in (39), the inequality
(,)
(; ) ()
2{
2
(;
) + min (1, )
}
(41)
holds.
Remark 8. In Teorems 57,
0 when
under the assumption (16).
4. Special Cases of the Operators
(,)
and
Further Properties
Gould-Hopper polynomials
+1
+1
(, ) =
[/(+1)]
=0
!
! ( ( + 1) )!
(+1)
(42)
and satisfy the generating function
+1
exp () =
=0
+1
(, )
!
, (43)
where, as usual, [] denotes the integer part [30].
Te Gould-Hopper polynomials are Brenke-type polyno-
mials for the special case of () =
+1
and () =
(; ) :=
=0
+1
(, )
!
(
), (44)
where [0, ) and 0 (see [11]).
Similarly, the special case () =
+1
and () =
(,)
(,)
(; ) :=( + )
=0
+1
(, )
!
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
()
(45)
under the assumption 0.
6 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
Remark 9. For = 0, we have
+1
(, 0) = ()
and
the operators given by (45) reduce to the Kantorovich-Stancu
type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators given by (10).
Remark 10. For = = 0, the operators (45) give the Kan-
torovich type operators including the Gould-Hopper poly-
nomials given by
(; ) :=
=0
+1
(, )
!
(+1)/
/
() (46)
in [8].
Remark 11. For = 0 in Remark 10, we get
+1
(, 0) =
()
, one has
(,)
(1; ) = 1,
(,)
(; ) =
+
+
( + 1)
+
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
,
(,)
(
2
; )
=
2
2
( + )
2
+
( + )
2
{2 ( + 1) + (2 + 2)} +
1
( + )
2
[ ( + 1) ( + 1)
2
+ (2 + 1) ( + 1)
+ (
2
+ +
1
3
)] ,
(,)
(
3
; )
=
3
3
( + )
3
+
3
2
2
2( + )
3
{2 + 3 + 2 ( + 1) } +
2( + )
3
{6
2
( + 1)
2
+ 6 ( + 1)
(3 + + 2) + 12 + 6
2
+ 7}
+
1
4( + )
3
{4
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
(2 + 2 + 3) + 4
3
+ 6
2
+ 4 + 1 + 2 ( + 1)
[2
2
+ (2 + 7)
+ 12 + 6
2
+ 7]} ,
(,)
(
4
; )
=
4
4
( + )
4
+
4
3
3
( + )
4
( ( + 1) + + 2)
+
3
2
2
( + )
4
{2
2
( + 1)
2
+ 2 ( + 1)
(2 + + 4) +2
2
+ 6 + 5}
+
2
( + )
4
{2
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
( + + 2)
+ ( + 1)
(2
2
+ 10 + 6 (3 + ) + 6
2
+ 15)
+ (1 + ) (3 + 2(2 + )) } +
1
5( + )
4
{5( + 1)
4
[1 + (7 + (6 + ))]
+ 10( + 1)
3
[1 + (3 + )] (1 + 2)
+ 10( + 1) ( + 1)
2
(1 + 3(1 + ))
+ 5 ( + 1) (1 + 2[2 + (3 + 2)])
+ 5
4
+ 10
3
+ 10
2
+ 5 + 1} .
(47)
Proof. Te proof follows from the generating function (43)
for the Gould-Hopper polynomials.
Lemma 13. For each [0, ), one has
(,)
(( )
2
; )
=
2
2
( + )
2
+ [
( + )
2
{2 ( + 1) + (2 + 2)}
2 ( + 1) + 2 + 1
+
] +
1
( + )
2
[ ( + 1) ( + 1)
2
+ (2 + 1) ( + 1) +(
2
+ +
1
3
)] ,
(,)
(( )
4
; ) =
4
4
( + )
4
3
{
2
2
(3 + (2 ( + 1) + 2 + 1) )
( + )
4
}
Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 7
+
2
{
1
( + )
4
[3
2
2(6 ( + 1) + 6 + 5)
+ 2 {3
2
( + 1)
2
+ 3 ( + 1)
(2 + + 2) + 3(1 + ) + 1}
2
] }
+ {
2
( + )
4
{2
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
( + + 2) + ( + 1)
(2
2
+ 10 + 6 (3 + )
+ 6
2
+ 15) + (1 + )
(3 + 2(2 + )) }
1
( + )
3
{4
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
(2 + 2 + 3) + 4
3
+ 6
2
+ 4 + 1 + 2 ( + 1)
[2
2
+ (2 + 7) + 6
2
+12 + 7]} }
+
1
5( + )
4
{5( + 1)
4
[1 + (7 + (6 + ))]
+ 10( + 1)
3
[1 + (3 + )] (2 + 1)
+ 10( + 1)
2
(1 + ) (1 + 3(1 + ))
+ 5 ( + 1) (1 + 2[2 + (3 + 2)])
+5
4
+ 10
3
+ 10
2
+ 5 + 1} .
(48)
Proof. From Lemma 12, the proof is obvious.
Teorem 14. Let
2
[0, ]. Ten one has
lim
( + ) [
(,)
(; ) ()]
=
() { + ( + 1) +
2 + 1
2
} +
()
2!
.
(49)
Proof. By Taylors theorem for , we have
() = () + ( )
()
+
( )
2
2!
() + ( )
2
(; ) ,
(50)
where (; ) [0, ] and lim
(; ) = 0. By applying
the operator
(,)
(,)
(; ) = () +
()
(,)
( ; )
+
()
2!
(,)
(( )
2
; )
+
(,)
(( )
2
(; ) ; ) .
(51)
According to Lemmas 12 and 13, the equality (51) can be
written as follows:
( + ) [
(,)
(; ) ()]
= ( + ) {
+
+
( + 1)
+
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
}
()
+ ( + ) {
2
(
+
)
2
+ [
( + )
2
{2 ( + 1) +(2 + 2)}
2 ( + 1) + 2 + 1
+
]
+
1
( + )
2
[ ( + 1) ( + 1)
2
+ (2 + 1)
( + 1) + (
2
+ +
1
3
)] }
()
2!
+ ( + )
(,)
(( )
2
(; ) ; ) ,
(52)
where
(,)
(( )
2
(; ) ; )
= ( + )
=0
+1
(, )
!
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
( )
2
(; ) .
(53)
By applying Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we can write
( + )
(,)
(( )
2
(; ) ; )
( + )
2
=0
+1
(, )
!
(
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
( )
4
)
1/2
(
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
2
(; ) )
1/2
.
(54)
8 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
If we consider Cauchy-Schwarz inequality again on the right-
hand side of inequality above, then we arrive at
( + )
(,)
(( )
2
(; ) ; )
(( + )
3
=0
+1
(, )
!
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
( )
4
)
1/2
(( + )
=0
+1
(, )
!
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
2
(; ) )
1/2
=
( + )
2
(,)
(( )
4
; )
(,)
(
2
(; ) ; ).
(55)
From Lemma 13, we have
lim
( + )
2
(,)
(( )
4
; ) = 3
2
. (56)
On the other hand, since (; ) [0, ] and lim
(;
) = 0, then it follows from Teorem 4 that
lim
(,)
(
2
(; ) ; ) =
2
(; ) = 0. (57)
Terefore, we conclude from (55), (56), and (57) that
lim
( + )
(,)
(( )
2
(; ) ; ) = 0 (58)
and then, by taking limit as in (52) and using (58),
we fnd
lim
[
(,)
(; ) ()]
=
() { + ( + 1) +
2 + 1
2
} +
()
2!
(59)
which completes the proof.
Remark 15. For = = 0, Teorem 14 represents the
Voronovskaya type theorem for the operators given by (46)
(see [8]).
Remark 16. For = 0, it yields a Voronovskaya type theorem
for the Kantorovich-Stancu type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators
given by (10).
Remark 17. Getting = = = 0 in Teorem 14
gives the Voronovskaya type result for the Szasz-Mirakyan-
Kantorovich operators given by (7).
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