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Hindawi Publishing Corporation

Journal of Function Spaces and Applications


Volume 2013, Article ID 935430, 9 pages
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/935430
Research Article
A Kantorovich-Stancu Type Generalization of
Szasz Operators including Brenke Type Polynomials
Rabia AktaG,
1
Bayram ekim,
2
and Fatma TaGdelen
1
1
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Ankara University, Tando gan, 06100 Ankara, Turkey
2
Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Bes evler, 06500 Ankara, Turkey
Correspondence should be addressed to Rabia Aktas ; raktas@science.ankara.edu.tr
Received 11 September 2013; Accepted 18 November 2013
Academic Editor: Anna Kaminska
Copyright 2013 Rabia Aktas et al. Tis is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License,
which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
We introduce a Kantorovich-Stancu type modifcation of a generalization of Szasz operators defned by means of the Brenke type
polynomials and obtain approximation properties of these operators. Also, we give a Voronovskaya type theorem for Kantorovich-
Stancu type operators including Gould-Hopper polynomials.
1. Introduction
For each positive and

([0, )) or ([0, )) , the


Szasz-Mirakyan operators defned by

(; ) :=

=0
()

!
(

) (1)
have an important role in the approximation theory [1].
Teir Korovkin type approximation properties and rates of
convergence have been investigated by many researchers.
Recently, there is a growing interest in defning linear positive
operators via special functions (see [213]). In particular,
many authors have studied various generalizations of Szasz
operators via special functions. In [14], Jakimovski and
Leviatan constructed a generalization of Szasz operators by
means of the Appell polynomials. Ten, Ismail [15] presented
another generalization of Szasz operators by means of Shefer
polynomials, which involves the operators (1) defned by Jaki-
movski and Leviatan in [14]. In [11],Varma et al. considered
the following generalization of Szasz operators by means of
the Brenke type polynomials, which are motivated by the
operators defned by Jakimovski and Leviatanand Ismail, for
0 and N:

(; ) :=
1
(1) ()

=0

() (

) (2)
under the following assumptions:
(i) (1) =0,

(1)
0, 0 , = 0, 1, 2, . . . ,
(ii) : [0, ) (0, ) ,
(iii) (4) and (5) converge for || < ( > 1) ,
(3)
where
() =

=0

,
0
=0,
() =

=0

=0 ( 0)
(4)
are analytic functions and the Brenke type polynomials [16]
have generating functions of the form
() () =

=0

()

, (5)
where

() =

=0

, = 0, 1, 2, . . . . (6)
2 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
Te Kantorovich type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators is
defned by [17]

(; ) :=

=0
()

!

(+1)/
/
() . (7)
Te approximation properties of the Szasz-Mirakyan-
Kantorovich operators and their various iterates were studied
by many authors in [12, 1823].
Recently, in [8], the Kantorovich type of the operators
given by (2) under the assumptions (3) has been defned as

(; ) :=

(1) ()

=0

()
(+1)/
/
() , (8)
where N, 0 and [0, ), and some of its
properties have been investigated.
Te purpose of this study is to introduce a Kantorovich-
Stancu type modifcation of the operators given by (8) and
to examine the approximation properties of these operators.
We also present a Kantorovich-Stancu type of the operators
including Gould-Hopper polynomials and then we prove a
Voronovskaya type theorem for these operators including
Gould-Hopper polynomials.
2. Construction of the Operators
For each positive integer , 0 and

([0, )), or
([0, )) , let us consider the following operators:

(,)

(; ) :=
+
(1) ()

=0

()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
() ,
(9)
where and parameters satisfy the condition 0 .
For the approximation properties of Stancu type operators,
we refer to [2427].
It is clear that for = = 0,
(,)

(; ) reduces to the
operators defned by (8).
Inthe case of () =

and() = 1, withthe help of (5) it


follows that

() =

/!. So the operator


(,)

(; ) gives
the Kantorovich-Stancu type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators as
follows:

(,)

(; ) := ( + )

=0
()

!

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
() ,
(10)
where and parameters satisfy the condition 0 .
In the case of = = 0, the operator (10) turns out to be
the Szasz-Mirakyan-Kantorovich operators given by (7).
For () =

,
(,)

(; ) gives the Kantorovich-Stancu


type of the operators

(; ) proposed by Jakimovski and


Leviatan in [14].
Now, for the operators
(,)

given by (9), we give some


results which are necessary to prove the main theorem.
Lemma 1. Kantorovich-Stancu type operators, defned by (9),
are linear and positive.
Lemma 2. For each [0, ), the Kantorovich-Stancu type
operators (9) have the following properties:

(,)

(1; ) = 1, (11)

(,)

(; ) =

+

()
()
+

(1)
( + ) (1)
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
,
(12)

(,)

(
2
; ) = (

+
)
2

()
()

2
+

() [2

(1) + (2 + 2) (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()

+
1
( + )
2
(1)
{

(1) + (2 + 2)

(1)
+(
2
+ +
1
3
)(1)} .
(13)
Proof. From the generating function of the Brenke type
polynomials given by (5), a few calculations reveal that

=0

() = (1) () ,

=0

() =

(1) () + (1)

() ,

=0

() =
2

2
(1)

()
+

() {2

(1) + (1)}
+ () {

(1) +

(1)} .
(14)
By using these equalities, we obtain the assertions of the
lemma by simple calculation.
Lemma 3. For each [0, ), one has

(,)

(( )
2
; )
= {(

+
)
2

()
()

2

()
( + ) ()
+ 1}
2
+ {

() [2

(1) + (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
(2 + 1)

()
( + )
2
()

(1)
( + ) (1)

2 + 1
+
} +

(1) +

(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)

(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+

2
+ + (1/3)
( + )
2
.
(15)
Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 3
Teorem 4. Let
:= {: [0, ) ,
()
1 +
2
V },
lim

()
()
= 1, lim

()
()
= 1.
(16)
If [0, ) , then
lim

(,)

(; ) = () , (17)
and the operators
(,)

converge uniformly in each compact


subset of [0, ).
Proof. According to Lemma 2, by considering the equality
(16), we get
lim

(,)

; ) =

, = 0, 1, 2. (18)
Tis convergence is satisfed uniformly in each compact
subset of [0, ). Ten, the proof follows from the universal
Korovkin-type property (vi) of Teorem 4.1.4 in [28].
3. Rates of Convergence
In this section, we compute the rates of convergence of the
operators
(,)

() to by means of a classical approach, the


second modulus of continuity, and Peetres -functional.
Let

[0, ). Ten for > 0, the modulus of
continuity of denoted by (; ) is defned to be
(; ) := sup
,[0,)
||

() ()

,
(19)
where

[0, ) denotes the space of uniformly continuous
functions on [0, ). Ten, for any > 0 and each [0, ),
it is well known that one can write

() ()

(; ) (

+ 1). (20)
Te next result gives the rate of convergence of the
sequence
(,)

() to by means of the modulus of conti-


nuity.
Teorem 5. For

[0, ) , one has

(,)

(; ) ()

2(;

()), (21)
where
=

()
=
(,)

(( )
2
; )
= {(

+
)
2

()
()

2

()
( + ) ()
+ 1}
2
+ {

() [2

(1) + (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
(2 + 1)

()
( + )
2
()

(1)
( + ) (1)

2 + 1
+
} +

(1) +

(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)

(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+

2
+ + (1/3)
( + )
2
.
(22)
Proof. Using linearity of the operators
(,)

, (11) and (20), we


get

(,)

(; ) ()

+
(1) ()

=0

()

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)

() ()

+
(1) ()

=0

()

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
(
| |

+ 1)(; )
{1 +
+
(1) ()

=0

()

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| | }(; ) .
(23)
According to the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for integration,
we obtain that

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |

1
+
(
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
2
)
1/2
(24)
from which, it follows that

=0

()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |

1
+

=0

() (
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |
2
)
1/2
.
(25)
4 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
By using the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for summation on
the right hand side of (25), we may write

=0

()
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
| |

(1) ()
+
(
(1) ()
+

(,)

(( )
2
; ))
1/2
=
(1) ()
+
(
(,)

(( )
2
; ))
1/2
=
(1) ()
+
(

())
1/2
,
(26)
where

() is given by (22). Considering this inequality in


(23), we fnd that

(,)

(; ) ()

{1 +
1

()} (; ) . (27)
If we set =

(), the proof is completed.


Now, we will study the rates of convergence of the ope-
rators
(,)

to by means of the second modulus of con-


tinuity and Peetres -functional.
Recall that the second modulus of continuity of

[0, ) is defned by

2
(; ) := sup
0<

( + 2) 2( + ) + ()

,
(28)
where

[0, ) is the class of real valued functions defned


on [0, ) which are bounded and uniformly continuous with
the norm

= sup
[0,)
|()|.
Peetres -functional of the function

[0, ) is
defned by
(; ) := inf

[0,)
{

} ,
(29)
where

[0, ) := {

[0, ) :

[0, )} (30)
and the norm

:=

(see [29]). It
is clear that the following inequality:
(; ) {
2
(;

) + min (1, )

} (31)
holds for all > 0. Te constant is independent of and
.
Teorem6. Let
2

[0, ). If
(,)

is defned by (9), then


one has

(,)

(; ) ()

, (32)
where
=

()
= {(

+
)
2

()
2()

()
( + ) ()
+
1
2
}
2
+ {

() [2

(1) + (2 + 2) (1)]
2( + )
2
(1) ()

(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
+

+

()
()
1}
+

(1) +

(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)

(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+

2
+ + (1/3)
2( + )
2
+
2

(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
.
(33)
Proof. We can write from the Taylor expansion of , the
linearity of the operators
(,)

, and (11)

(,)

(; ) ()
=

()
(,)

( ; )
+
1
2

()
(,)

(( )
2
; ) , (, ) .
(34)
From Lemma 2, it is obvious that

(,)

( ; )
= {

+

()
()
1} +

(1)
( + ) (1)
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
0
(35)
for . Tus, by considering Lemmas 2 and 3 in (34), one
can write

(,)

(; ) ()

{{

+

()
()
1}
+

(1)
( + ) (1)
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
}

+
1
2
[{(

+
)
2

()
()

()
( + ) ()
+ 1}
2
Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 5
+ {

() [2

(1) + (1)]
( + )
2
(1) ()
+
(2 + 1)

()
( + )
2
()

(1)
( + ) (1)

2 + 1
+
}
+

(1) +

(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)

(1)
( + )
2
(1)
+

2
+ + (1/3)
( + )
2
]

[{(

+
)
2

()
2()

()
( + ) ()
+
1
2
}
2
+ {

() [2

(1) + (2 + 2) (1)]
2( + )
2
(1) ()

(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
+

+

()
()
1}
+

(1) +

(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+
(2 + 1)

(1)
2( + )
2
(1)
+

2
+ + (1/3)
2( + )
2
+
2

(1) + (2 + 1) (1)
2 ( + ) (1)
]

(36)
which completes the proof.
Teorem 7. If

[0, ), then one has

(,)

(; ) ()

2{
2
(;

) + min (1, )

} ,
(37)
where
:=

() =
1
2

() (38)
and > 0 is a constant which is independent of the function
and . Also,

() is the same as in Teorem 6.


Proof. Suppose that
2

[0, ). From Teorem 6, we have

(,)

(; ) ()

(,)

( ; )

(,)

(; ) ()

() ()

= 2 [

] .
(39)
Since the lef-hand side of inequality (39) does not depend on
the function
2

[0, ), we get

(,)

(; ) ()

2(; ) , (40)
where (; ) is Peetres -functional defned by (29). By
using the relation (31) in (39), the inequality

(,)

(; ) ()

2{
2
(;

) + min (1, )

}
(41)
holds.
Remark 8. In Teorems 57,

0 when
under the assumption (16).
4. Special Cases of the Operators
(,)

and
Further Properties
Gould-Hopper polynomials
+1

(, ) are defned through


the identity

+1

(, ) =
[/(+1)]

=0
!
! ( ( + 1) )!

(+1)
(42)
and satisfy the generating function

+1
exp () =

=0

+1

(, )

!
, (43)
where, as usual, [] denotes the integer part [30].
Te Gould-Hopper polynomials are Brenke-type polyno-
mials for the special case of () =

+1
and () =

in (5). From (2), the operators including the Gould-Hopper


polynomials are as follows:

(; ) :=

=0

+1

(, )
!
(

), (44)
where [0, ) and 0 (see [11]).
Similarly, the special case () =

+1
and () =

of (9) gives the following Kantorovich-Stancu type operators

(,)

(; ) including the Gould-Hopper polynomials:

(,)

(; ) :=( + )

=0

+1

(, )
!

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
()
(45)
under the assumption 0.
6 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
Remark 9. For = 0, we have
+1

(, 0) = ()

and
the operators given by (45) reduce to the Kantorovich-Stancu
type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators given by (10).
Remark 10. For = = 0, the operators (45) give the Kan-
torovich type operators including the Gould-Hopper poly-
nomials given by

(; ) :=

=0

+1

(, )
!

(+1)/
/
() (46)
in [8].
Remark 11. For = 0 in Remark 10, we get
+1

(, 0) =
()

and then the operators given by (46) reduce to the


Szasz-Mirakyan-Kantorovich operators given by (7).
Now, in order to prove a Voronovskaya type theorem for
the operators givenby (45), let us prove the following lemmas.
Lemma 12. For the operators
(,)

, one has

(,)

(1; ) = 1,

(,)

(; ) =

+
+
( + 1)
+
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
,

(,)

(
2
; )
=

2

2
( + )
2
+

( + )
2
{2 ( + 1) + (2 + 2)} +
1
( + )
2
[ ( + 1) ( + 1)
2
+ (2 + 1) ( + 1)
+ (
2
+ +
1
3
)] ,

(,)

(
3
; )
=

3

3
( + )
3
+
3
2

2
2( + )
3
{2 + 3 + 2 ( + 1) } +

2( + )
3
{6
2
( + 1)
2
+ 6 ( + 1)
(3 + + 2) + 12 + 6
2
+ 7}
+
1
4( + )
3
{4
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
(2 + 2 + 3) + 4
3
+ 6
2
+ 4 + 1 + 2 ( + 1)
[2
2
+ (2 + 7)
+ 12 + 6
2
+ 7]} ,

(,)

(
4
; )
=

4

4
( + )
4
+
4
3

3
( + )
4
( ( + 1) + + 2)
+
3
2

2
( + )
4
{2
2
( + 1)
2
+ 2 ( + 1)
(2 + + 4) +2
2
+ 6 + 5}
+
2
( + )
4
{2
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
( + + 2)
+ ( + 1)
(2
2
+ 10 + 6 (3 + ) + 6
2
+ 15)
+ (1 + ) (3 + 2(2 + )) } +
1
5( + )
4
{5( + 1)
4
[1 + (7 + (6 + ))]
+ 10( + 1)
3
[1 + (3 + )] (1 + 2)
+ 10( + 1) ( + 1)
2
(1 + 3(1 + ))
+ 5 ( + 1) (1 + 2[2 + (3 + 2)])
+ 5
4
+ 10
3
+ 10
2
+ 5 + 1} .
(47)
Proof. Te proof follows from the generating function (43)
for the Gould-Hopper polynomials.
Lemma 13. For each [0, ), one has

(,)

(( )
2
; )
=

2

2
( + )
2
+ [

( + )
2
{2 ( + 1) + (2 + 2)}

2 ( + 1) + 2 + 1
+
] +
1
( + )
2
[ ( + 1) ( + 1)
2
+ (2 + 1) ( + 1) +(
2
+ +
1
3
)] ,

(,)

(( )
4
; ) =

4

4
( + )
4

3
{
2
2
(3 + (2 ( + 1) + 2 + 1) )
( + )
4
}
Journal of Function Spaces and Applications 7
+
2
{
1
( + )
4
[3
2
2(6 ( + 1) + 6 + 5)
+ 2 {3
2
( + 1)
2
+ 3 ( + 1)
(2 + + 2) + 3(1 + ) + 1}
2
] }
+ {
2
( + )
4
{2
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
( + + 2) + ( + 1)
(2
2
+ 10 + 6 (3 + )
+ 6
2
+ 15) + (1 + )
(3 + 2(2 + )) }

1
( + )
3
{4
3
( + 1)
3
+ 6
2
( + 1)
2
(2 + 2 + 3) + 4
3
+ 6
2
+ 4 + 1 + 2 ( + 1)
[2
2
+ (2 + 7) + 6
2
+12 + 7]} }
+
1
5( + )
4
{5( + 1)
4
[1 + (7 + (6 + ))]
+ 10( + 1)
3
[1 + (3 + )] (2 + 1)
+ 10( + 1)
2
(1 + ) (1 + 3(1 + ))
+ 5 ( + 1) (1 + 2[2 + (3 + 2)])
+5
4
+ 10
3
+ 10
2
+ 5 + 1} .
(48)
Proof. From Lemma 12, the proof is obvious.
Teorem 14. Let
2
[0, ]. Ten one has
lim

( + ) [
(,)

(; ) ()]
=

() { + ( + 1) +
2 + 1
2
} +

()
2!
.
(49)
Proof. By Taylors theorem for , we have
() = () + ( )

()
+
( )
2
2!

() + ( )
2
(; ) ,
(50)
where (; ) [0, ] and lim

(; ) = 0. By applying
the operator
(,)

to the both sides of (50), we have

(,)

(; ) = () +

()
(,)

( ; )
+

()
2!

(,)

(( )
2
; )
+
(,)

(( )
2
(; ) ; ) .
(51)
According to Lemmas 12 and 13, the equality (51) can be
written as follows:
( + ) [
(,)

(; ) ()]
= ( + ) {

+
+
( + 1)
+
+
2 + 1
2 ( + )
}

()
+ ( + ) {
2
(

+
)
2
+ [

( + )
2
{2 ( + 1) +(2 + 2)}

2 ( + 1) + 2 + 1
+
]
+
1
( + )
2
[ ( + 1) ( + 1)
2
+ (2 + 1)
( + 1) + (
2
+ +
1
3
)] }

()
2!
+ ( + )
(,)

(( )
2
(; ) ; ) ,
(52)
where

(,)

(( )
2
(; ) ; )
= ( + )

=0

+1

(, )
!

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
( )
2
(; ) .
(53)
By applying Cauchy-Schwarz inequality, we can write
( + )
(,)

(( )
2
(; ) ; )
( + )
2

=0

+1

(, )
!
(
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
( )
4
)
1/2
(
(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)

2
(; ) )
1/2
.
(54)
8 Journal of Function Spaces and Applications
If we consider Cauchy-Schwarz inequality again on the right-
hand side of inequality above, then we arrive at
( + )
(,)

(( )
2
(; ) ; )
(( + )
3

=0

+1

(, )
!

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)
( )
4
)
1/2
(( + )

=0

+1

(, )
!

(++1)/(+)
(+)/(+)

2
(; ) )
1/2
=

( + )
2

(,)

(( )
4
; )

(,)

(
2
(; ) ; ).
(55)
From Lemma 13, we have
lim

( + )
2

(,)

(( )
4
; ) = 3
2
. (56)
On the other hand, since (; ) [0, ] and lim

(;
) = 0, then it follows from Teorem 4 that
lim

(,)

(
2
(; ) ; ) =
2
(; ) = 0. (57)
Terefore, we conclude from (55), (56), and (57) that
lim

( + )
(,)

(( )
2
(; ) ; ) = 0 (58)
and then, by taking limit as in (52) and using (58),
we fnd
lim

[
(,)

(; ) ()]
=

() { + ( + 1) +
2 + 1
2
} +

()
2!
(59)
which completes the proof.
Remark 15. For = = 0, Teorem 14 represents the
Voronovskaya type theorem for the operators given by (46)
(see [8]).
Remark 16. For = 0, it yields a Voronovskaya type theorem
for the Kantorovich-Stancu type of Szasz-Mirakyan operators
given by (10).
Remark 17. Getting = = = 0 in Teorem 14
gives the Voronovskaya type result for the Szasz-Mirakyan-
Kantorovich operators given by (7).
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