Cardiology Mnemonics

Heart failure: causes HEART FAILED:

Hypertension
Endocrine
Anemia
Rheumatic heart disease
Toxins
Failure to take meds
Arrythmia
Infection
Lung (PE, pneumonia)
Electrolytes
Diet
EKG: ! lead EKG "uic# inter$retation of %&%' ((AALL:
Elevations matched with their classic location of M:
!" (eptal
!# (eptal
!$ Anterior
!% Anterior
!& Lateral
!' Lateral
Aortic regurgitation: causes MARRI(:
Marfans
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rheumatic fever
Rheumatoid arthritis
Infective endocarditis
(yphilis
Cardiomyo$at)y: categories (ardiomyopathy is HARD:
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
(inus tac)ycardia TACH FE%ER:
Tamponade) Thyrotoxicosis
Anemia
C*+
Hypotension
Fever
Excrutiating pain
%olume depletion
Exercise
Rx (,heo, -opa, Epi, etc)
CHF: causes of e*acer+ation A (MITH ,EAR:
Anemia
(alt) (tress) (topping meds
M
Infection) Ischemia
Thyroid (high)low)
H,.
,ericarditis
Endocarditis (valve disease)
Arrhythmia
Rx (/eta /locker, etc)
Murmurs: louder -it) ins$iration .s e*$iration 0Eft
sided murmurs louder with Expiration
1Ight sided murmurs louder with Inspiration2
Murmurs: "uestions to as# (CRI,T:
(ite
Character (eg harsh, soft, /lowing)
Radiation
Intensity
,itch
Timing
Aortic regurgitation: causes CREAM:
Congenital
Rheumatic damage
Endocarditis
Aortic dissection) Aortic root dilatation
Marfan3s
Heart failure: signs TA,ED T/RCH:
Tachycardia
Ascites
,ulsus alternans
Elevated 4ugular venous pressure
Displaced apex /eat
Third heart sound
/edema
Right ventricular heave
Crepitations or whee5e
Hepatomegaly (tender)
,ericarditis: causes ,R DI,0 (T 1,:
,ost6pericardiectomy
Rheumatic fever
Drugs (eg isonia5id, hydrala5ine, procainalmide)
Infection (eg ,7, coxsackie, strep)
,E
(0E)8cleroderma
Tumours) Thyroid disease
1raemia
,ost M (includes -ressler3s)
Aortic dissection: ris# factors A2C:
Atherosclerosis) Ageing) Aortic aneurysm
2lood pressure high) 2a/y (pregnancy)
Connective tissue disorders (eg Marfan3s, Ehlers6-anlos)) Cystic
medial necrosis
CHF: Left&sided systolic failure signs and sym$toms 9Left
(ystolic Failure Can Have Dialated Heart
Cause /f ,ulmpnary 2ackflow9:
Loss of hair on legs
(kin cold and clammy
Fatigue
Crackles
High heart rate
Dyspnea
H,.
Cyanosis
/rthopnea
,ink 8putum
Acute Coronary (yndrome: initial treatment A2CD:
Aspirin
2eta /locker
Coagulation (anticoagulation with heparin)0M: *eparin)
Dou/le product control (decrease heart rate and /lood pressure)
E*ercise ram$ ECG: contraindications RAM,:
Recent M
Aortic stenosis
M in the last ; days
,ulmonary hypertension
ECG: T -a.e in.ersion causes I3%ERT:
Ischemia
3ormality <esp2 young, /lack=
%entricular hypertrophy
Ectopic foci <eg calcified pla>ues=
R777, 0777
Treatments <digoxin=
R)eumatic fe.er: 4ones ma5or criteria 4/3E(:
4oints (migrating polyarthritis)
//vious, the heart (carditis, pancarditis, pericarditis, endocarditis or
valvulits)
3odes (su/cutaneous nodules)
Erythema marginatum
(ydenham3s chorea
Myocardial infarctions: treatment I3FARCTI/3(:
I! access
3arcotic analgesics (eg morphine, pethidine)
Facilities for defi/rillation (-+)
Aspirin) Anticoagulant (heparin)
Rest
Converting en5yme inhi/itor
Throm/olysis
I! /eta /locker
/xygen '?@
3itrates
(tool 8ofteners
Atrial fi+rillation: causes ,IRATE(:
,ulmonary: PE, (AP-
Iatrogenic
Rheumatic heart: mirtral regurgitation
Atherosclerotic: M, (B-
Thyroid: hyperthyroid
Endocarditis
(ick sinus syndrome
Atrial fi+rillation: management A2CD:
Anti6coagulate
2eta6/lock to control rate
Cardiovert
Digoxin
Anti&arryt)mics: for A% nodes 9Do 2lock A%9:
Digoxin
26/lockers
Adenosine
%erapamil
Murmurs: systolic MR ,% TRA,(:
Mitral
Regurgitation and
,rolaspe
%8-
Tricupsid
Regurgitation
Aortic and
,ulmonary
(tenosis
A$e* +eat: differential for im$al$a+le a$e* +eat D/,E(:
Dextrocardia
//esity
,ericarditis) ,ericardial tamponade) ,neumothorax
Emphysema
(inus inversus) (tudent incompetence) (coliosis) (keletal
a/normalities (eg pectus excavatum)
R)eumatic fe.er: 4ones 6 ma5or criteria (TRE,:
(ydenhams chorea
Transient migratory arthritis
Rheumatic su/cutaneous nodules
Erythema marginatum
,ancarditis (endocarditis, myocarditis, pericarditis)
8,1EP, since 1heumatic fever is caused /y group B strep2
Mitral regurgitation :hen you hear holosystolic murmurs,
think 9M16,*EM B1E holosystolic murmurs92
(ino&atrial node: inner.ation (ympathetic acts on
(odium channels (88)2
,arasympathetic acts on ,otassium channels (P8)2
(u$ra.entricular tac)ycardia: treatment A2CDE:
Adenosine
2eta6/locker
Calcium channel antagonist
Digoxin
Excitation (vagal stimulation)
%entricular tac)ycardia: treatment LAM2:
Lidocaine
Amiodarone
Mexiltene) Magnesium
2eta6/locker
R)eumatic fe.er: Re.ised 4ones criteria 4/3E( ,EACE:
Ma4or criteria:
4oints: migratory
/ (heart shaped) (arditis: new onset murmur
3odules, su/cutaneous: extensor surfaces
Erythema marginatum
(ydenham3s chorea
Minor criteria:
,1 interval, prolonged
E81 elevated
Arthralgias
C1P elevated
Elevated temperature (fever)
.eed # ma4or or " ma4or and # minor criteria, plus evidence of recent CB8
infection (throat cx, rapid antigen test, or rising strep anti/ody titer)2
,ulseless electrical acti.ity: causes ,ATCH MED:
,ulmonary em/olus
Acidosis
Tension pneumothorax
Cardiac tamponade
Hypokalemia) Hyperkalemia) Hypoxia) Hypothermia)
Hypovolemia
Myocardial infarction
Electrolyte derangements
Drugs
(inus +radycardia: aetiology 9(I31( 2RADICARDIA9
(sinus /radycardia):
(leep
Infections (myocarditis)
3eap thyroid (hypothyroid)
1nconsciousness (vasovagal syncope)
(u/normal temperatures (hypothermia)
2iliary o/struction
Raised (A# (hypercapnia)
Acidosis
Deficient /lood sugar (hypoglycemia)
Im/alance of electrolytes
Cushing3s reflex (raised (P)
Aging
Rx (drugs, such as high6dose atropine)
Deep anaesthesia
Ischemic heart disease
Athletes
R)eumatic fe.er: 4ones criteria Ma4or criteria: CA3CER:
Carditis
Arthritis
3odules
Chorea
Erythema
Rheumatic anamnesis
Minor criteria: CAFE ,AL:
C1P increased
Arthralgia
Fever
Elevated E81
,rolonged P1 interval
Anamnesis of rheumatism
Leucocytosis
4%,: -a.e form A(K ME:
Atrial contraction
(ystole (ventricular contraction)
Klosure (closure) of tricusps, so atrial filling
Maximal atrial filling
Emptying of atrium
Coronary artery +y$ass graft: indications D1(T:
Depressed ventricular function
1nsta/le angina
(tenosis of the left main stem
Triple vessel disease
Murmurs: innocent murmur features D 83s:
(oft
(ystolic
(hort
(ounds (8" E 8#) normal
(ymptomless
(pecial tests normal (F6ray, EGC)
(tanding) (itting (vary with position)
(ternal depression
Murmur attri+utes 9IL ,7R(T9 (person has ill PH18,
heart waves):
Intensity
Location
,itch
7uality
Radiation
(hape
Timing
Murmurs: locations and descri$tions 9MR( A889:
MR(: Mitral Regurgitation66(ystolic
A88: Aortic (tenosis66(ystolic
,he other two murmurs, Mitral stenosis and Bortic regurgitation, are o/viously
diastolic2
2eta+loc#ers: cardioselecti.e +eta+loc#ers 92eta/lockers
Acting Exclusively At Myocardium9
(ardioselective /eta/lockers are:
2etaxolol
Ace/utelol
Esmolol
Atenolol
Metoprolol
A$e* +eat: a+normalities found on $al$ation0 causes of im$al$a+le
HILT:
Heaving
Impalpa/le
Laterally displaced
Thrusting) Tapping
f it is impalpa/le, causes are C/,D:
CAP-
//esity
,leural, ,ericardial effusion
Dextrocardia
MI: treatment of acute MI C/AG:
Cyclomorph
/xygen
Aspirin
Glycerol trinitrate
Coronary artery +y$ass graft: indications D1(T:
Depressed ventricular function
1nsta/le angina
(tenosis of the left main stem
Triple vessel disease
,eri$)eral .ascular insufficiency: ins$ection criteria
(IC%D:
(ymmetry of leg musculature
Integrity of skin
Color of toenails
%aricose veins
Distri/ution of hair
R)eumatic fe.er: Re.ised 4ones9 criteria 4/3E( crITERIA:
Ma4or criteria:
4oint (arthritis)
//vious ((ardiac)
3odule (1heumatic)
Erythema marginatum
(ydenham chorea
Minor criteria:
Inflammatory cells (leukocytosis)
Temperature (fever)
E81)(1P elevated
Raised P1 interval
Itself (previous *x of 1heumatic fever)
Arthralgia
Heart murmurs 9hARD A(( MR(: M(D9:
hB1-: Aortic Regurg I Diastolic
B88: Aortic (tenosis I (ystolic
M18: Mitral Regurg I (ystolic
M8-: Mitral (tenosis I Diastolic
MI: t)era$eutic treatment R/AM2AL:
Reassure
/xygen
Aspirin
Morphine (diamorphine)
2eta /locker
Arthroplasty
Lignocaine
CHF: causes of e*acer+ation FAIL1RE:
Forgot medication
Arrhythmia) Anaemia
Ischemia) Infarction) Infection
Lifestyle: taken too much salt
1pregulation of (A: pregnancy, hyperthyroidism
Renal failure
Em/olism: pulmonary
Murmurs: systolic .s: diastolic ,A((: ,ulmonic
E Aortic (tenosisI(ystolic2
,AID: ,ulmonic E Aortic InsufficiencyIDiastolic2
Murmurs: systolic .s: diastolic 8ystolic murmurs: MR A(:
9MR2 A(ner92
-iastolic murmurs: M( AR: 9M(2 ARden92
,he famous people with those surnames are Mr2 Ed Bsner and Ms2 Jane Brden2
MI: t)era$eutic treatment 9/ 2ATMA3K9:
/xygen
2eta /locker
A8B
Throm/olytics (eg heparin)
Morphine
Ace prn
3itroglycerin
Mitral stenosis ;M(< .s: regurgitation ;MR<: e$idemiology
M( is a female title (Ms2) and it is female predominant2
MR is a male title (Mr2) and it is male predominant2
,ericarditis: EKG 9,ericarditi(9:
,1 depression in $recordial leads2
(, elevation2
4ugular .enous $ressure ;4%,< ele.ation: causes H/LT:
Cra/ *arold *olt around the neck and throw him in the ocean:
Heart failure
//struction of venea cava
Lymphatic enlargement 6 supraclavicular
ntra6Thoracic pressure increase
MI: t)era$eutic treatment M/3AH:
Morphine
/xygen
3itrogen
Aspirin
Heparin
De$ressed (T&segment: causes DE,RE((ED (T:
Drooping valve (M!P)
Enlargement of 0! with strain
,otassium loss (hypokalemia)
Reciprocal 8,6 depression (in ): BM)
Em/olism in lungs (pulmonary em/olism)
(u/endocardial ischemia
(u/endocardial infarct
Encephalon haemorrhage (intracranial haemorrhage)
Dilated cardiomyopathy
(hock
Toxicity of digitalis, >uinidine
Aortic stenosis c)aracteristics (AD:
(yncope
Angina
Dyspnoea
MI: +asic management 2//MAR:
2ed rest
/xygen
/piate
Monitor
Anticoagulate
Reduce clot si5e
ECG: left .s: rig)t +undle +loc# 9=iLLiaM
MaRRo=9:
= pattern in !"6!# and M pattern in !$6!' is Left /undle
/lock2
M pattern in !"6!# and = in !$6!' is Right /undle /lock2
.ote: consider /undle /ranch /locks when H18 complex is wide2
,ericarditis: causes CARDIAC RI3D:
Collagen vascular disease
Aortic aneurysm
Radiation
Drugs (such as hydrala5ine)
Infections
Acute renal failure
Cardiac infarction
Rheumatic fever
In4ury
3eoplasms
Dressler3s syndrome
Murmurs: systolic ty$es (A,(:
(ystolic
Aortic
,ulmonic
(tenosis
8ystolic murmurs include aortic and pulmonary stenosis2
8imilarly, it3s common sense that if it is aortic and pulmonary stenosis it
could also /e mitral and tricusp regurgitation=2
MI: signs and sym$toms ,1L(E:
,ersistent chest pains
1pset stomach
Lightheadedness
(hortness of /reath
Excessive sweating
Heart com$ensatory mec)anisms t)at 9sa.e9 organ +lood flo- during
s)oc# 9*eart (A%ER9:
(ymphatoadrenal system
Atrial natriuretic factor
%asopressin
Endogenous digitalis6like factor
Renin6angiotensin6aldosterone system
n all &, system is activated)factor is released
Murmurs: rig)t .s: left loudness 9RILE9:
Right sided heart murmurs are louder on Inspiration2
Left sided heart murmurs are loudest on Expiration2
(T ele.ation causes in ECG ELE%ATI/3:
Electrolytes
L777
Early repolari5ation
%entricular hypertrophy
Aneurysm
Treatment (eg pericardiocentesis)
In4ury (BM, contusion)
/s/orne waves (hypothermia)
3on6occlusive vasospasm
2ec#9s triad ;cardiac tam$onade< $ -3s:
Distant heart sounds
Distended 4ugular veins
Decreased arterial pressure