Oracle Developer 6i

Oracle Developer
A Tutorial on Oracle Forms, Reports and Graphics

Contents
1. Introduction
2. Prerequisites
3. Developer Tools
o 3.1 Starting Developer tools under Windows 95/9/!T/2"""
o 3.2 Starting Developer tools under #!I$
%. T&e 'racle (or)s Designer *ain Screen
o %.1 'racle (or)s '+,ect !avigator
o %.2 -onnecting to t&e Data+ase
5. (or)s Design
.. -reating a (or) wit& a Single /loc0
o ..1 -reating a !ew /loc0
o ..2 T&e 1a2out 3ditor
o ..3 Displa2ing Properties
o ..% Saving4 5enerating and 6unning (or)s
..%.1 Saving a (or)
..%.2 -o)piling//uilding a (or)
..%.3 6unning a (or)
..%.% 6unning a (or) as a 7ava 8pplication or 8pplet
..%.% 9uer2 /2 3:a)ple
o ..5 3:ercise; -reating a Single /loc0 (or)
<. -reating a *aster=Detail (or)
o <.1 T&e *aster=Detail 6elations&ip
o <.2 Steps to -reate a *aster=Detail (or)
<.2.1 -reate t&e *aster /loc0
<.2.2 -reate t&e Detail /loc0
o <.3 6elation Properties o> a *aster=Detail (or)
o <.% Progra) #nits in a *aster=Detail (or)
o <.5 3:tending *aster=Detail (or)s
o <.. 3:ercise; -reating a *aster/Detail (or)
. 1ist o> ?alues @1'?sA and !on=/ase Ta+le (ields
o .1 -reating a 1ist o> ?alues
.1.1 -reate a new 1'? '+,ect
.1.2 Speci>2 t&e 1'? 9uer2 Te:t
.1.3 Speci>2 t&e -olu)n *apping Properties
.1.% 8ttac& t&e 1'? to t&e ite)
.1.5 Test t&e 1'?
o .2 !on=/ase Ta+le >ields
.2.1 8dding a !ew Ite) to an 3:isting Data /loc0
.2.2 -reating a Trigger
.2.3 -reate a new 1ist o> ?alues
o .3 3:ercise; -reating an 1'? and !on=/ase Ta+le >ield
9. 'racle (or)s Progra) #nits and Stored Progra) #nits
o 9.1 -reating Procedures in 'racle (or)s
9.1.1 8dd a new ite) to t&e 3*P1'B33 /loc0
9.1.2 -reate a Procedure to -ount 't&er Depart)ent *e)+ers
9.1.3 -reate a Trigger to -all t&e Procedure
9.1.% Save4 -o)pile and 6un t&e (or)
o 9.2 -reating Stored Progra) #nits @ProceduresA in S91CPlus
o 9.3 8dditional Stored Procedures and Triggers
9.3.1 5enerating unique or consecutive identi>iers using t&e ta+le
9.3.2 5enerating unique or consecutive identi>iers using an 'racle
Sequence
9.3.3 -&ec0ing constraints at t&e client
9.3.% 8dding 8lerts @Pop=up *essagesA
9.3.5 Populate ite)s wit& de>ault values
9.3.. 8ttac&ing >unctionalit2 to co))and +uttons
9.3.< Passing para)eters +etween >or)s
o 9.% 3:ercise; Procedures and Triggers
1". 'racle 6eports /asics
o 1".1 Starting Developer tools under Windows 95/9/!T/2"""
o 1".2 T&e 'racle 6eports '+,ect !avigator
o 1".3 -reating 6eports in 'racle 6eports
o 1".% -reating a Single=Ta+le 6eport
1".%.1 Speci>2 t&e Data *odel and 1a2out
1".%.2 Saving4 5enerating and 6unning t&e 6eport
o 1".5 3:ercise; -reating a 6eport
o 1".. -reating a *aster=Detail 6eport
1"...1 Speci>2 t&e *aster=Detail Data *odel and 1a2out
1"...2 Saving and 6unning t&e *aster=Detail 6eport
o 1".< 3:ercise; -reating a *aster=Detail 6eport
o 1". Para)eter >or)s in 'racle 6eports
1"..1 /uilding a -usto) Para)eter (or)
11 -reating *enus in 'racle (or)s
o 11.1 T&e 'racle (or)s *enu Dierarc&2
o 11.2 -reating a -usto) *enu
12 5rap&ics and t&e -&art WiEard
o 12.1 5rap&ics and t&e -&art WiEard
o 12.2 3:ercise; 8dding a -&art to a 6eport
13 'racle Sc&e)a /uilder
o 13.1 -reating !ew Sc&e)a '+,ects
o 13.2 Displa2ing 3:isting Sc&e)a '+,ects
o 13.3 8dding 6elations&ips +etween Ta+les
1. Introduction
T&is tutorial introduces t&e 'racle Developer .." and .i suite o> tools w&ic& include
'racle (or)s .."4 'racle 6eports .."4 'racle 5rap&ics .."4 'racle Sc&e)a /uilder .."
and 'racle Procedure /uilder ..". T&e )ain o+,ectives are to de)onstrate and provide
&ands=on instructions on creating and )odi>2ing data entr2 and quer2 >or)s in various
con>igurations4 reports and grap&ics. In addition4 t&e >inal section gives so)e instructions
on t&e use o> t&e Sc&e)a /uilder.
T&is set o> 'racle tools @as o> 8pril4 2""1A is now +undled along wit& We+D/ and 'racle
7Developer in t&e 'racle Internet Developer Suite -D Pac0.
-aveats; Please note t&at 'racle tends to c&ange t&ings li0e )enu ite)s4 pro)pts and
ot&er s)all t&ings +etween eac& )a,or @certainl2A and o>ten )inor release. Depending on
t&e e:act release o> Developer . or .i 2ou &ave4 2ou )a2 >ind so)e s)all discrepencies
+etween w&at is s&own in t&is tutorial and w&at 2ou see on 2our screen.
2. Prereuisites
/e>ore >ollowing t&is tutorial4 a student )ust &ave a valid user account in an 'racle
server. -ontact 2our D/8 or s2ste)s ad)inistrator to learn t&e details o> &ow 'racle
server is set up in 2our organiEation.
T&is tutorial relies on t&e e:istence o> a >ew ta+les in t&e studentFs sc&e)a. #se t&e
'racle S91CPlus tool to create t&ree ta+les na)ed
EMPLOYEE4 DEPARTMENT and DEPENDENT wit& t&e
>ollowing attri+utes. !ote; T&is sc&e)a originall2 appears
in t&e +oo0; 6a)eE 3l)asri and S&a)0ant /. !avat&e4
Fundamentals of Database Systems. Second 3dition.
8ddison=Wesle2 Pu+ -o4 199%.
D!PART"!#T Ta+le
Attri$ute Data T%pe
D!8*3 ?86-D86@15A
!"P&O'!! Ta+le
Attri$ute Data T%pe
(!8*3 ?86-D86@A
*I!IT ?86-D86@2A
1!8*3 ?86-D86@A
SS! !#*/36@12A
/D8T3 D8T3
8DD63SS ?86-D86@3"A
S3$ ?86-D86@1A
S8186B !#*/36@<A
S#P36SS! !#*/36@12A
D!' !#*/36@2A

D!#*/36 !#*/36@2A
*56SS! !#*/36@12A
*56ST86TD8T3 D8T3
D!P!#D!#T Ta+le
Attri$ute Data T%pe
3SS! !#*/36@12A
D3P3!D3!TG!8*3 ?86-D86@1"A
S3$ ?86-D86@1A
/D8T3 D8T3
6318TI'!SDIP ?86-D86@1"A
T&e >ollowing -638T3 T8/13 and I!S36T state)ents can +e used to create t&e a+ove
ta+les and insert so)e +aseline data using t&e 'racle S91CPlus tool. !ote t&at di>>erent
versions o> 'racle accept eit&er 2 digit or % digit 2ear designations in t&e D8T3 datat2pe.
It see)s t&e latest versions @'racle and 'racleiA de>ault to accept % digit 2ears. T&e
I!S36T state)ents +elow s&ould +e >or)atted accordingl2.
CREATE TABLE employee
(FNAME VARCHAR2(15),
MINIT VARCHAR2(2),
LNAME VARCHAR2(15),
SSN NMBER(12) NOT NLL,
BDATE DATE,
ADDRESS VARCHAR2(!5),
SE" VARCHAR2(1),
SALARY NMBER(#) NOT NLL,
SPERSSN NMBER(12),
DNO NMBER(2) NOT NLL) $
ALTER TABLE employee ADD CONSTRAINT p%&employee
PRIMARY 'EY ((())$
CREATE TABLE DEPARTMENT
(DNAME VARCHAR2(15),
DNMBER NMBER(2) NOT NLL,
M*RSSN NMBER(12),
M*RSTARTDATE DATE) $
ALTER TABLE +ep,-.me). ADD CONSTRAINT p%&+ep,-.me).
PRIMARY 'EY (+)/m0e-)$
CREATE TABLE DEPENDENT
(ESSN NMBER(12),
DEPENDENT&NAME VARCHAR2(15),
SE" VARCHAR2(1),
BDATE DATE,
RELATIONSHIP VARCHAR2(12)) $
ALTER TABLE +epe)+e). ADD CONSTRAINT p%&+epe)+e).
PRIMARY 'EY (e((), +epe)+e).&),me)$
ALTER TABLE +epe)+e). ADD CONSTRAINT 1%&employee
FOREI*N 'EY (e(()) REFERENCES employee ((())$
ALTER TABLE employee ADD CONSTRAINT 1%&+ep,-.me).
FOREI*N 'EY (+)o) REFERENCES +ep,-.me). (+)/m0e-)$
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALES (2RESEARCH2, 5, !!!335555, 2224MAY4
15#62) $
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALES (2ADMINISTRATION2, 3, 56#753!21, 28149AN4
15652) $
INSERT INTO DEPARTMENT VALES (2HEAD:ARTERS2, 1, 666775555, 21549N4
15#12) $
INSERT INTO EMPLOYEE VALES
(29OHN2,2B2,2SMITH2,12!357#65,28549AN415552,2#!1 FONDREN, HOSTON, T"2,
2M2,!8888,!!!335555,5) $
(2FRAN'LIN2,2T2,2;ON*2,!!!335555,2864DEC415352,27!6 VOSS,HOSTON T"2,
2M2,38888,666775555,5) $
(2ALICIA2,292,2<ELAYA2,55566####,21549L415562,2!!21 CASTLE, SPRIN*, T"2,
2F2,25888,56#753!21,3) $
(29ENNIFER2,2S2,2;ALLACE2,56#753!21,22849N415!12,2251 BERRY, BELLAIRE,
T"2, 2F2,3!888,666775555,3) $
(2RAMESH2,2'2,2NARAYAN2,777663333,2154SEP415522,25#5 FIRE OA', HMBLE,
T"2, 2M2,!6888,!!!335555,5) $
(29OYCE2,2A2,2EN*LISH2,35!35!35!,2!149L415722,257!1 RICE, HOSTON, T"2,
2F2,25888,!!!335555,5)$
(2AHMAD2,2V2,29ABBAR2,56#56#56#,2254MAR415552,2568 DALLAS, HOSTON, T"2,
2M2,25888,56#753!21,3) $
(29AMES2,2E2,2BOR*2,666775555,2184NOV4152#2, 2358 STONE, HOSTON, T"2,
2M2,55888,NLL,1) $
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (!!!335555,2ALICE2,2F2,2854APR4
15#72,2DA*HTER2) $
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (!!!335555,2THEODORE2,2M2,2254OCT4
15#!2,2SON2) $
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (!!!335555,29OY2,2F2,28!4MAY4
15362,2SPOSE2)$
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (12!357#65,2MICHAEL2,2M2,28149AN4
15#62,2SON2)$
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (12!357#65,2ALICE2,2F2,2!14DEC4
15#62,2DA*HTER2)$
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (12!357#65,2ELI<ABETH2,2F2,2854MAY4
155#2,2SPOSE2)$
INSERT INTO DEPENDENT VALES (56#753!21,2ABNER2,2M2,2274FEB4
15!22,2SPOSE2)$

(. Developer Tools
'racle Developer contains 3 )ain co)ponents;
1. 'racle (or)s = (or designing data entr2 >or)s.
2. 'racle 6eports = (or designing reports.
3. 'racle 5rap&ics = (or designing grap&ics suc& as c&arts t&at can +e added to
>or)s or reports.
8dditional co)ponents include;
1. Procedure /uilder = 8n integrated develop)ent environ)ent to write and de+ug
stored procedures @progra) unitsA >or use in t&e 'racle data+ase or in an2 o> t&e
Developer tools.
2. 9uer2 /uilder = 8 5#I +ased quer2 +uilder tool. 9ueries can +e stored in t&e data
dictionar2 or in a >ile s2ste) >or later use and s&aring.
3. Sc&e)a /uilder = 8 5#I tool >or creating and )odi>2ing ta+les4 views and
constraints.
%. Translation /uilder = 8 tool >or creating >oreign language versions o> applications
written in Developer.
5. Pro,ect /uilder = 8 so>tware develop)ent pro,ect )anage)ent s2ste) t&at
)anages source code >or all Developer co)ponents.
.. P3-S = T&e 'racle Per>or)ance 3valuation/-ollection S2ste) = (or pro>iling t&e
e:ecution and per>or)ance o> applications developed wit& 'racle tools.
<. Discoverer = 8 data +rowsing tool t&at can +e custo)iEed >or end=users.
T&is tutorial covers t&e Developer (or)s4 6eports and 5rap&ics co)ponents and gives a
+rie> introduction to t&e Sc&e)a /uilder and Procedure /uilder tools.
In t&e >ollowing section4 t&e procedures to run 'racle (or)s under *S Windows
95/9/!T/2""" will +e given.
(.1 )tartin* Developer tools under +indo,s -./-0/#T/2111
8 t2pical installation o> Developer creates several >olders under t&e Start Progra)s )enu.
T&e )ain >olders >or t&e Developer progra)s >or 'racle (or)s .i are >ound under t&e
)enu ite); O-,=le Fo-m( 7> and include t&e >ollowing ite)s;
To run 'racle (or)s .i under Windows 95/9/!T/2"""4 clic0 on t&e S.,-. 4?
P-o@-,m( 4? O-,=le Fo-m(7> 4? Fo-m B/>l+e- )enu ite).
To run 'racle 6eports under Windows 95/9/!T/2"""4 clic0 on t&e S.,-. 4? P-o@-,m(
4? O-,=le Repo-.( 7> 4? Repo-. B/>l+e- )enu ite).
To run 'racle 5rap&ics under Windows 95/9/!T/2"""4 clic0 on t&e S.,-. 4?
P-o@-,m( 4? O-,=le Fo-m( A Repo-.( 7> 4? *-,pB>=( B/>l+e- )enu ite).
(or older versions o> 'racle Developer t&e start )enu would )ig&t &ave ite)s suc& as;
DeCelope- 2888 R2D1 or DeCelope- 2888 R2D8 and so on.
!ote; In 2our organiEation4 Developer )a2 +e installed or con>igured slig&tl2 di>>erentl2.
In particular4 t&e progra)s )a2 +e grouped under di>>erent )enus. Please contact 2our
D/8 or s2ste)s ad)inistrator4 or re>er to an2 local docu)entation to learn &ow to run
t&e Developer tools.
(.2 )tartin* Developer tools under 2#I3
'racle also )a0es a version o> Developer .i t&at runs under #!I$. T&is version uses $=
Windows wit& t&e *oti> $=Windows li+raries as a grap&ical user inter>ace.
I> 2our version o> Developer is installed under #!I$4 use t&e >ollowing co))and lines
to start t&e di>>erent tools;
Developer Tool 2#I3 Command
(or)s Developer .." >or $=Windows *oti> >."des)
5rap&ics Developer .." >or $=Windows *oti> g."des)
Procedure /uilder .." >or $=Windows *oti> pl+ild.")
6eports Developer .." >or $=Windows *oti> rw+ld."
#nder #!I$4 it )a2 +e necessar2 to set certain environ)ent varia+les suc& as
TH."GI-'!4 #IGI-'!4 ('6*S."GP8TD and so on. #pon installation4 e:a)ple s&ell
scripts to set t&ese environ)ent varia+les are installed in t&e 'racle Do)e director2.
4. The Oracle Forms Desi*ner "ain )creen
'nce t&e appropriate )enu ite) &as +een clic0ed on @>or Windows 95/9/!T/2"""A4 t&e
'racle (or)s /uilder Welco)e Screen will appear;
(or)s .." displa2s t&is welco)e screen as a quic0 wa2 to start wor0ing and designing
>or)s. (or t&is tutorial4 we will wor0 directl2 >ro) t&e '+,ect !avigator since t&is is t&is
)ost general wa2 to wor0 wit& >or)s.
To continue to t&e '+,ect !avigator >ro) t&e Welco)e screen4 clic0 on t&e -ancel +utton
or select t&e I/uild a >or) *anuall2I option and clic0 'H. In eit&er case4 t&e '+,ect
!avigator will appear.
4.1 Oracle Forms O$5ect #avi*ator
8>ter starting up 'racle (or)s4 t&e )ain screen will +e presented.
T&is screen is called t&e Object Navigator and displa2s all o> t&e >or) ele)ents4 data
+loc0s4 )enu ite)s4 user de>ined code li+raries4 +uilt in procedures and >unctions4 and
data+ase o+,ects @ta+les4 viewsA. T&e displa2 is in t&e >or) o> a collapsi+le tree. In
general4 clic0ing on a 6 will e:pand t&e current ite) to s&ow its details. -lic0ing on a 7
will collapse t&e current list details.
T&e )enu +ar across t&e top provides access to al)ost all o> t&e >eatures o> 'racle
(or)s.
T&e F>le )enu &as options to create4 open4 save and print >or)s. T&is )enu also
includes an option to connect to t&e data+ase and t&e 8d)inistration option t&at is
used to co)pile >or)s and )enu code. T&e last option on t&e F>le )enu is t&e
EE>. option t&at will e:it 'racle (or)s /uilder.
T&e E+>. )enu &as options to cut4 cop2 and paste o+,ects4 to invo0e an editor and
to undo an operation.
T&e V>eF )enu toggles t&e o+,ect navigator displa2 +etween visual ele)ents and
owners&ip ele)ents.
T&e N,C>@,.o- )enu &as ite)s t&at control t&e displa2 o> t&e o+,ect navigator
including e:panding and collapsing tree +ranc&es. T&e N,C>@,.o- )enu can also
+e used to create and delete o+,ects using t&e C-e,.e and Dele.e )enu options
respectivel2.
T&e P-o@-,m )enu &as ite)s t&at control >or) co)pilation4 generation and
e:ecution @6unA. Triggers4 Procedures and ot&er P1/S91 code can also +e created
>ro) t&is )enu. T&e Sm,-. T->@@e-( )enu option displa2s t&e )ost co))onl2
used triggers according to t&e t2pe o> o+,ect currentl2 selected in t&e o+,ect
navigator.
T&e Tool( )enu &as options to switc& +etween several di>>erent screens including
t&e 1a2out editor4 *enu editor and '+,ect !avigator. T&ere are also several
wiEards t&at can +e launc&ed >ro) t&is )enu including t&e Data /loc0 wiEard4 t&e
1a2out wiEard4 t&e -&art wiEard and t&e 1'? @1ist o> ?aluesA wiEard.
T&e ;>)+oF( )enu displa2s )enu ite)s >or eac& o> t&e windows 2ou &ave open.
/2 de>ault4 onl2 one ite) = t&e '+,ect !avigator = is displa2ed.
(inall24 t&e Help )enu can +e used to displa2 &elp topics.
/2 de>ault4 a +utton +ar is provided on t&e le>t &and side o> t&e '+,ect !avigator window.
3ac& +utton duplicates so)e >unctionalit2 on t&e )enus. (or e:a)ple4 clic0ing on t&e top
icon @an opened >olderA is t&e sa)e as pulling down t&e F>le )enu and c&oosing t&e
Ope) option. To see w&at a +utton )ig&t do i> pressed4 place t&e )ouse cursor over t&e
+utton and a s&ort )essage will appear descri+ing t&e +uttonFs >unction.
In Developer .."4 a >or)4 report or grap&ic is generall2 re>erred to as a Module. W&en
>irst starting t&e (or)s /uilder4 a de>ault )odule is created called; MODLE1
T&e content o> t&e '+,ect !avigator is +ro0en down into . )a,or sections;
1. Forms = -ontains >or) o+,ects and all o> t&eir su+=o+,ects suc& as data +loc0s4
triggers4 alerts4 canvases4 progra) units @procedures and >unctionsA4 para)eters
and windows. *ore t&an one >or) can +e open at a ti)e.
2. Menus = -ontains )enu o+,ects and all o> t&eir su+=o+,ects suc& as )enu ite)s4
para)eters and progra) units. *ore t&an one )enu can +e open at a ti)e.
3. PL/SQL Libraries = T&ese are li+raries o> P1/S91 code @stored eit&er in t&e
data+ase or in Dpl0 >ilesA. 1i+raries can +e s&ared a)ong di>>erent >or)s and
a)ong di>>erent developers.
%. Object Libraries = T&ese are li+raries containing a collection o> o+,ects
@an2t&ing t&at can appear on a >or)A.
5. Built-in Packages = 1ists all o> t&e pac0ages @P1/S91 proceduresA availa+le +2
de>ault to all >or)s4 reports4 etc.
.. Database Objects = 1ists all o> t&e data+ase o+,ects @Ta+les4 ?iews4 P1/S91
1i+raries4 and Stored Progra) #nitsA in t&e userFs 'racle data+ase sc&e)a.
8s o+,ects are created4 t&e2 are displa2ed under t&e appropriate section. -onte:t sensitive
)enus can +e displa2ed >or eac& o+,ect +2 clic0ing on an o+,ect wit& t&e rig&t )ouse
+utton.
4.2 Connectin* to the Data$ase
T&e >irst step in wor0ing wit& an2 o> t&e Developer tools is to esta+lis& a connection to
an 'racle data+ase. T&is is acco)plis&ed +2 pulling down t&e F>le )enu and selecting
t&e Co))e=. )enu ite).
(ill in 2our 'racle #serna)e and 'racle Password @press t&e ta+ 0e2 to )ove +etween
t&e >ieldsA.
(or t&e D,.,0,(e >ield4 t2pe in t&e service na)e >or 2our 'racle data+ase. (or e:a)ple4
i> 2ou are using Personal 'racle 1ite4 t&e D,.,0,(eG would +e ODBCGPOLITE. I> 2ou &ave
a local data+ase running on t&e sa)e )ac&ine4 2ou )a2 +e a+le to connect directl2 to it
+2 leaving t&is >ield +lan0. I> 2ou are wor0ing in a client/server environ)ent w&ere t&e
'ralce server resides on anot&er )ac&ine4 2ou will &ave to con>igure t&e 'racle !et
)iddleware to esta+lis& a connection wit& t&at server. Bou would t&en suppl2 t&e !et
service na)e in t&e Data+ase >ield. 8lternativel24 contact 2our s2ste) ad)inistrator to
learn t&e service na)e >or 2our 'racle data+ase and provide t&at in>or)ation in t&e
D,.,0,(eG >ield.
-lic0 on t&e Co))e=. +utton to co)plete t&e connection @#nder so)e versions o> #!I$4
t&e +utton is la+eled O'A. I> t&e user na)e or password is )ist2ped or incorrect4 t&e dialog
+o: will +e re=displa2ed. /e sure to provide 2our 'racle userna)e and password @not
2our #!I$ &ost or 1ocal 8rea !etwor0 passwordA.
3ac& ti)e an2 o> t&e Developer /uilder tools are e:ecuted4 t&e >irst step will +e to
connect to an 'racle data+ase in t&is >as&ion.
.. Forms Desi*n
8 t2pical data+ase sc&e)a contains doEens o> ta+les4 eac& wit& several colu)ns o>
various data t2pes. We develop applications @>or)s4 reports4 )enus4 etc.A to )a0e t&e ,o+
o> )anipulating data in t&ose ta+les easier >or users. In 'racle (or)s4 a >or) @or data
entr2 >or)A acts li0e a window into t&e data+ase sc&e)a. 8n individual >ocuses t&e
attention o> t&e user to one or a >ew o> t&e ta+les at a ti)e. In addition4 a >or) can give
pro)pts so t&e user 0nows w&at 0ind o> input is e:pected and &ow data is to +e entered
and )anipulated.
/2 de>ault4 ever2 >or) in 'racle (or)s &as t&e capa+ilit2 to quer2 e:isting data in a
ta+le4 )odi>2 e:isting data and add new data @recordsA to t&e ta+le. 8 >or) is +uilt up
using one or )ore data blocks t&at correspond to ta+les in t&e data+ase. (ields wit&in t&e
data +loc0 correspond to colu)ns in t&e data+ase ta+le. 8 data +loc0 is si)ilar to a
DataWindow o+,ect in Power/uilder. In t&e >ollowing >igure4 a t2pical >or) is s&own.
T&is >or) &as two data +loc0s4 one >or t&e EMPLOYEE ta+le4 and one >or t&e DEPENDENT
ta+le. T&ese data +loc0s are arranged in a Master/Detail setup w&ere a single 3)plo2ee
record @t&e )asterA is associated wit& one or )ore Dependents records @t&e detailsA.
/2 de>ault4 >or)s also gives a +utton +ar and a )enu. T&ese can +e used to scroll t&roug&
t&e records in a +loc04 navigate +etween +loc0s4 set up and per>or) queries against t&e
ta+les4 insert4 update and delete records4 clear t&e >or) and e:it t&e >or). (inall24 at t&e
+otto) o> eac& >or) is a status +ar t&at displa2s an2 relevant pro)pts or error )essages
and an indication o> t&e records in t&e current data +loc0.
T&ere are >our )ain t2pes o> >or)s t&at can +e designed.
Single /loc0
(or). T&is
>or) contains
a single data
+loc0
corresponding
to a single
data+ase
ta+le.
Single +loc0
(or) wit&
loo0up >ield.
T&is >or)
contains a
single data
+loc0
corresponding
to a single
data+ase ta+le
wit& t&e
addition o>
one or )ore
>ields t&at
displa2 data
>ro) so)e
ot&er ta+les.
Suc& data is
Iloo0ed upI
w&en t&e >or)
runs.
*aster/Detail
(or). T&is
>or) contains
two data
+loc0s t&at are
arranged in a
)aster/detail
@one to )an2A
relations&ip.
*aster/Detail
(or) wit&
loo0up >ields.
T&is >or) is
si)ilar to t&e
*aster/Detail
+ut &as t&e
additional
loo0up >ields
in t&e )aster
and/or detail
+loc0s.
T&ere are additional variations suc& as a *aster/Detail/Detail >or) wit& 3 +loc0s and so
on. Dowever4 t&e >our t2pes illustrated a+ove are t&e )ost co))on ones. In t&is tutorial4
all >our t2pes will +e de)onstrated.
8. Creatin* and Runnin* a Form ,ith a )in*le 9loc:
In t&is section4 t&e +asic steps >or creating a +asic data entr2 and quer2 >or) >or a single
data+ase ta+le will +e covered.
In general4 a Data Block on a ;orm corresponds to a ta$le in the data$ase. This is
called the Base Table ;or the data $loc:. For each ta$le displa%ed on the ;orm, a ne,
data $loc: ,ill $e created. For this e<ample, onl% one data $loc: ,ill $e created ;or
the EMPLOYEE ta$le.
8 +loc0 appears on a Canvas w&ic& is contained in a Window. T&ere are )an2 options to
control )ultiple canvas views and )ultiple windows per >or). In t&ese e:a)ples4 we
concentrate on a si)ple arrange)ent using a single canvas and a single window.
T&ere are a nu)+er o> wa2s to create a data +loc0. 'ne wa2 is to )anuall2 de>ine t&e
+ase ta+le and colu)ns4 and t&eir positions on t&e >or). W&ile t&is is possi+le4 it can +e
ver2 tedious.
'racle (or)s .." provides two wiEards @progra)s t&at guide t&e developer in per>or)ing
co))on tas0sA to create data +loc0s;
1. The Data Block wizard *uides the developer throu*h the steps o; choosin* a
$ase ta$le and columns.
2. The Layout wizard *uides the developer throu*h arran*in* the $ase ta$le
and columns on the ;orm.
8.1 Creatin* a #e, 9loc:
To create a new +loc04 pull down t&e Tool( )enu and select t&e D,., Blo=% F>H,-+
)enu ite). T&e >ollowing dialog +o: will appear;
-lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton. T&e >ollowing dialog +o: will appear;
T&ere are two t2pes o> data +loc0s t&at can +e created. Ta$le/=ie, and Procedures. (or
t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose Ta+le/?iew and clic0 on t&e !e:t +utton.
T&e ne:t step is to c&oose a +ase ta+le and colu)ns t&at will +elong to t&e data +loc0.
T&e >ollowing dialog +o: s&ould appear;
To associate a data+ase ta+le wit& t&e +loc04 clic0 on t&e B-oF(eDDD +utton to t&e rig&t o>
t&e Ta+le or ?iew >ield. T&e >ollowing dialog +o: will pop up.
*a0e sure t&e C/--e). (e- and T,0le( +uttons are selected 8 list o> 2our ta+les will
appear. Dig&lig&t t&e na)e o> t&e data+ase ta+le @3*P1'B33 in t&is e:a)pleA and clic0
on t&e O' +utton.
T&e wiEard s&ould reappear wit& t&e na)e o> t&e ta+le and a list o> availa+le colu)ns
displa2ed. To include a colu)n in t&e data +loc04 &ig&lig&t t&e colu)n na)e and clic0 on
t&e rig&t arrow. T&e na)e o> t&e colu)n s&ould )ove over to t&e rig&t &and side.
(or t&is e:a)ple4 select t&e (!8*34 1!8*34 SS!4 /D8T34 S8186B and D!' as in
t&e >ollowing >igure;
-lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton4 and t&e >inal dialog +o: >or t&e Data /loc0 wiEard will appear;
In t&is e:a)ple4 we want to continue on to t&e &a%out ,i>ard in order to speci;% ho,
the ne, ;orm ,ill appear. "a:e sure the Create te block! ten call te
La"out #i$ar% option is selected and clic: on the Finish $utton.
T&e data +loc0 will +e created @as can +e seen in t&e '+,ect !avigator in t&e
+ac0groundA. T&e o+,ects created include t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0 containing ite)s
>or eac& o> t&e colu)ns t&at were selected in t&e t&ird step o> t&e wiEard.
Once the ne, data $loc: and items are created, the ;irst dialo* $o< in the &a%out
,i>ard ,ill appear?
-lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton and t&e >ollowing dialog +o: will appear;
T&e la2out >or a data +loc0 )a2 +e placed on an2 e:isting canvas. In t&is case4 t&ere are
no canvases so t&e onl2 option availa+le is to create a new canvas.
-lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton to displa2 t&e >ollowing dialog +o:;
In t&is dialog +o:4 the columns ;rom a *iven $ase ta$le on a data $loc: can $e added
to the la%out. )ince ,e are la%in* out the !"P&O'!! data $loc:, it is hi*hli*hted
automaticall%. "ove all o; the Availa$le Columns over to the Displa%ed Items side
$% clic:in* on the dou$le ri*ht arro, and clic: on the #e<t $utton.
In this dialo* $o<, the ;ield la$els, ;ield si>es and ;ield hei*hts can $e altered. Chan*e
the ;ield la$els as $elo, and clic: on the #e<t $utton?
T&e >ollowing dialog +o: will appear;
T&ere are two )ain st2les >or >or)s. 8 Ta+ular la2out arranges t&e >ield la+els across t&e
top o> t&e >or) wit& a nu)+er o> records +elow as in a spreads&eet.
8 Form la2out places t&e >ield la+els to t&e le>t o> t&e >ields. 5enerall2 onl2 one record is
displa2ed at a ti)e.
(or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose a (or) la2out and clic0 on t&e !e:t +utton.
In t&e >ollowing dialog +o:4 t%pe a title >or t&e >ra)e @around t&e data +loc0A and c&ec0
t&e option to include a scroll +ar.
#OT!)? The num$er o; records displa%ed ;or a Form la%out should $e 1. The
num$er o; records displa%ed in a Tabular la%out can $e more than 1.
-lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton and t&e >inal dialog +o: >or t&e 1a2out wiEard will appear.
Clic: on the Finish $utton to create the la%out. A ne, Canvas ,ill $e created.
8t t&is point t&e 1a2out 3ditor s&ould appear and t&e new >or) wit& t&e data +loc0 will
appear.
8.2 The &a%out !ditor
To vie, the actual ;orm and its $loc:s and ;ields, pull do,n the &ools menu and
select the La"out E%itor "enu item @i; it not alread% displa%edA.
In t&e 1a2out 3ditor4 >ields and la+els can +e )oved around +2 clic0ing and dragging.
't&er te:t4 lines and +o:es4 etc. can +e added using t&e tool palette on t&e le>t side o> t&e
window.
So)e co))on operations on t&e 1a2out 3ditor include;
*ove a >ield or a >ield la+el +2 clic0ing and dragging t&e ite) wit& t&e le>t )ouse
+utton.
-&ange t&e te:t o> a la+el +2 c&oosing t&e te:t tool +utton >ro) t&e tool +ar
and t&en clic0ing on a la+el. To stop editing t&e la+el4 clic0 an2w&ere outside o>
t&e la+el te:t.
8dd te:t to t&e +loc0 +2 c&oosing t&e te:t tool +utton >ro) t&e tool +ar and
t&en clic0ing on a open area. T2pe t&e new te:t. To c&ange t&e >ont4 &ig&lig&t t&e
te:t4 pull down t&e Fo-m,. )enu and clic0 on t&e Fo). )enu ite).
To c&ange t&e te:t color o> a la+el4 use t&e pointer tool to &ig&lig&t a la+el and
t&en clic0 on t&e TeE. Colo- palette +utton to c&oose t&e color.
-&ange t&e widt& o> a >ield +2 clic0ing on t&e >ield. T&en drag one o> t&e &andles
@s)all +lac0 +o:es around t&e >ieldA to re=siEe t&e >ield.
(or e:a)pe4 on t&e e)plo2ee >or)4 2ou )a2 wis& to )a0e t&e S3$ >ield wider to
acco)odate t&e capital letter F*F.
#se t&e Joo) In tool to Eoo) in to t&e >or) @e.g.4 )a0e ever2t&ing appear
largerA. 'r use t&e Joo) 'ut tool to Eoo) out o> t&e >or).
8.( Displa%in* Properties
W&ile in t&e 1a2out 3ditor4 dou+le clic0ing on an o+,ect will +ring up t&at o+,ectFs
roerties. 'ptionall24 clic0ing on an o+,ect wit& t&e rig&t )ouse +utton will +ring up a
s)all )enu w&ic& &as t&e Properties )enu ite) on it. T&e >ollowing >igure s&ows t&e
properties >or t&e FNAME ite).
3ac& t2pe o> o+,ect &as a slig&tl2 di>>erent set o> properties. (or e:a)ple4 dou+le clic0ing
on t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0 in t&e '+,ect !avigator will displa2 t&at data +loc0Fs
properties.
I"PORTA#T #OT! ? So)e properties o> interest >or a data +loc0 include;
+B!R! Clause = speci>2 a WD363 clause to >ilter t&e selection o> rows >ro)
t&e +ase ta+le.
ORD!R 9' Clause = speci>2 an '6D36 /B clause to alter t&e displa2ed order
o> t&e records.
Delete Allo,ed, Insert Allo,ed, Cuer% Allo,ed and 2pdate Allo,ed = toggle
t&ese properties to allow or prevent t&e action. (or e:a)ple4 setting Delete
Allo,ed to FALSE prevents users >ro) deleting records >ro) t&e corresponding
+ase ta+le using t&is >or).
T&ere are nu)erous ot&er properties t&at a>>ect t&e >onts4 colors4 siEe and position
o> o+,ects in t&e +loc0.
8.4 )avin*, Compilin* and Runnin* Forms
(or)s can +e saved in >iles in a director2 o> 2our c&oosing. The Dsource codeD ;or a
;orm is stored in a ;ile ,ith a '(mb e<tension. Compiled ;orms have a '(m) e<tension.
#nder *S Windows 95/9/!T/2"""4 >or)s can +e saved in a >older @su+director2A on t&e
local &ard dis04 on a >ile server or on a >lopp2 dis0. It is desira+le to )aintain separate
su+directories @>oldersA >or >or)s associated wit& di>>erent pro,ects.
8.4.1 )avin* a Form
To save a >or)4 pull down t&e F>le )enu and select t&e S,Ce )enu ite).
#nder *S Windows 95/9/!T/2"""4 t&is dialog +o: loo0s li0e;
!ote t&at in 2our co)pan2 or organiEation4 >or)s and ot&er >iles )a2 &ave to +e saved on
>lopp2 dis0 or in a special director2. T&e a+ove >igure is si)pl2 an e:a)ple.
(ill in a >ile na)e in t&e F>le N,meG >ield. /e sure it ends wit& D1m0
-lic0 on t&e S,Ce +utton to save t&e >ile. (or t&is e:a)ple4 use t&e >ile na)e
employeeD1m0
To save t&is >or) on a >lopp2 dis0 in t&e AG drive4 use t&e >ile na)e; AGIemployeeD1m0
To en&ance porta+ilit2 o> >or)s across di>>erent operating s2ste)s4 use >ile na)es t&at
+egin wit& a letter4 contain no spaces or punctuation @e:cept >or t&e underscore
c&aracterA4 &ave all lower case letters and are relativel2 s&ort.
I> 2ou are wor0ing on a >or) and wis& to save it under a different >ile na)e4 >ollow t&e
sa)e steps as a+ove4 onl2 select t&e S,Ce A( )enu ite) in place o> t&e S,Ce )enu ite).
(or e:a)ple4 i> 2ou &ave >inis&ed wor0ing on t&e 3)plo2ee >or) and wis& to save o>> a
cop2 +e>ore adding so)e code or progra))ing so)e progra) units4 t&e S,Ce A( )enu
ite) can +e used to save o>> a cop2 +e>ore proceeding.
8.4.2 Compilin*/9uildin* a Form
/e>ore a >or) can +e e:ecuted @runA4 it )ust +e Comiled and !uilt. -o)piling runs a
P1/S91 co)piler on all o> t&e procedures and triggers in t&e >or). 9uildin* @or
compilin* the ;ileA creates the '(m) ;ile that is then used to run the ;orm.
To compile a ;orm, ;irst ma:e sure the ;orm is saved. Pull do,n the Program menu
and select the Com*ile menu item. Then choose +ll in the ;l%out menu.
I; a ;orm has errors @e.g.4 in t&e P1/S91 code4 or i> t&e data+ase sc&e)a c&angesA t&e2
will +e displa2ed in a window as t&e2 are encountered. 8 record o> t&e co)pilation
process4 including error messa*es4 is 0ept in a >ile wit& a 'err e:tension. (or e:a)ple4
i> t&e >or) is na)ed employee t&en t&e record o> t&e co)pilation will +e stored in
em*lo"ee'err
To Build the '(m) ;ile ;or a ;orm, pull do,n the File menu, clic: on the
+%ministration menu item and then choose Com*ile File ;rom the ;l%7out menu. I;
the ;orms *eneration is success;ul, the phrase Module built successfully ,ill appear
on the status $ar at the $ottom o; the screen.
8lternativel24 'racle (or)s de>aults to auto)aticall2 +uilding t&e >or) eac& ti)e it is
e:ecuted @runA >ro) t&e >or)s designer as will +e de)onstrated in t&e ne:t step. For
more details on the de;ault $ehavior, pull do,n the &ools menu and chec: the
Pre(erences menu item.
8.4.( Runnin* a Form
8>ter a >or) &as +een saved and +uilt4 it can +e e:ecuted. To run the ;orm, pull do,n
the Program menu and select the ,un Form -- Client/Ser.er menu item. The ;orm
,ill displa% in a ne, ,indo,. The Oracle Run;orm pro*ram is e<ecuted $% passin*
in the name o; the ;orm @em*lo"ee'(m) in this caseA as a parameter.
#se t&e various )enus and ite)s to quer2 t&e >or)4 enter new data and save new and
c&anged data. Please read t&e section +elow on 9uer2 /2 3:a)ple to see &ow to quer2
data >ro) t&e underl2ing ta+les and populate t&e >ields in t&e >or).
8.4.4 Runnin* a Form as a Eava Application or Applet
I> 2ou &ave also installed t&e (or)s Server @Windows !T/2""" onl2A 2ou )a2 also run
t&e >or) in IWe+I )ode +2 selecting t&e Progra) )enu and t&en IWe+I. In 'racle
Forms 8 and 8i, the '(m) ;ile is loaded and e<ecuted in a Eava Application. In t&is
)ode t&e (or)s server &andles t&e processing o> t&e +usiness logic and interacts wit& t&e
user inter>ace ele)ents t&at run in t&e 7ava 8pplication.
8n e:a)ple o> a si)ple 3)plo2ee data entr2 >or) running in a 7ava 8pplication is
s&own +elow;
8not&er option >or running 'racle >or)s is to run t&e) wit&in a we+ +rowser as a 7ava
8pplet. T&e +asic steps >or t&is involve setting up a we+ server @suc& as 'racle
8pplication Server or 'racle We+D/A to serve t&e D1mE >ile and a series o> 7ava
application class >iles to t&e we+ +rowser client. 'racle provides t&eir own 7ava runti)e
environ)ent @763A called t&e 7=Initiator t&at )ust +e installed on eac& client. 7=Initiator
&oo0s into t&e clientFs we+ +rowser using a special *I*3 data t2pe t&at launc&es 'racle
763 w&en an 'racle >or) is loaded into t&e +rowser. /elow is an e:a)ple o> t&e sa)e
data entr2 >or) running as a 7ava 8pplet inside o> t&e !etscape !avigator we+ +roswer.
(or)s .i provides a si)ple test we+ page located under t&e 'racle (or)s .i progra)
group called DRun a Form on the +e$D. 'ne can )a0e use o> t&at to test i> t&e (or)s
server4 load +alancer4 and we+ server on t&e )iddle tier are running correctl2.
Please note t&at getting 'racle (or)s and 6eports to run in t&is >as&ion is not a trivial
underta0ing. It requires e:tensive 0nowledge o> we+ servers4 Windows !T/2""" services
and t&e wa2 in w&ic& t&e >or)s applications are processed across t&e three tier
architecture.
T&e a+ove discussion is )eant as a +asic introduction to t&e 7ava 8pplication and 8pplet
>eatures o> 'racle (or)s. It is +e2ond t&e scope o> t&is tutorial to present t&e details >or
con>iguring servers and services to provide t&is capa+ilit2. Please re>er to t&e on=line
docu)entation t&at co)es wit& ('r)s .i >or )ore detailed descriptions and
con>iguration instructions.
8.4.4 Cuer% 9% !<ample
W&en a Developer (or) is >irst e:ecuted4 no records will appear. T&at is4 t&e +lan0 >or)
will appear wit& no data in t&e >ields. T&is is si)ilar to running a word processor w&ere
t&e opening screen is +lan0. (ro) t&is +lan0 or e)pt2 >or)4 t&e user can i))ediatel2
+egin to enter new data records +2 si)pl2 t2ping t&e) in.
Dowever4 in )a2 cases4 t&e user would >irst li0e to see i> t&ere are an2 records in t&e
data+ase. To do t&is4 t&e user )ust "uery t&e data+ase using t&e quer2 capa+ilities t&at are
+uilt into ever2 'racle >or). T&is will +ring a cop2 o> t&e records >ro) t&e data+ase into
t&e >or).
W&en a tool suc& as S91CPlus is used4 t&e user )ust >or) t&e S91 quer2 +2 t2ping it
directl2 in. In t&e case o> e)+edded S914 t&e S91 state)ents are progra))ed into t&e
&ost language @suc& as I-I or 7avaA and auto)aticall2 e:ecuted >or t&e user. In t&e case o>
'racle (or)s4 co)ple: queries can +e >or)ulated and su+)itted to t&e data+ase using a
tec&nique called Cuer% 9% !<ample or C9!. In 9/34 t&e na)e o> t&e ta+le or ta+les is
>i:ed as are t&e na)es o> t&e colu)ns t&at will +e returned >ro) t&e ta+les. T&e user can
suppl2 t&eir own criteria +2 suppl2ing values >or t&e >ields. T&ese values +eco)e part o>
t&e quer2 t&at is su+)itted to t&e data+ase on +e&al> o> t&e user.
9uer2ing a >or) in 'racle (or)s is a two step process. -lic0ing on t&e 9uer2 +utton or
c&oosing E).e- :/e-y >ro) t&e :/e-y )enu places t&e >or) in #nter $uery )ode. In
enter quer2 )ode4 t&e >or) is cleared and t&e user can navigate in t&e various >ields.
3:a)ple values can +e supplied as criteria >or t&e quer2. (or e:a)ple4 a user loo0ing >or
all e)plo2ees in t&e 63S386-D depart)ent )ig&t t2pe a I5I in t&e D!' >ield w&ile in
enter quer2 )ode.
-lic0ing on t&e 9uer2 +utton a second ti)e e:ecutes t&e current quer2 using an2 supplied
data as criteria in a WD363 clause. I> no criteria are supplied4 t&en all records in t&e
ta+le will +e displa2ed. -ontinuing t&e a+ove e:a)ple4 suppl2ing a I5I >or t&e D!' >ield
w&ile in enter quer2 )ode would cause t&e >ollowing S91 quer2 to +e su+)itted to t&e
data+ase;
SELECT 1),me, l),me, ((), 0+,.e, (,l,-y, +)o
FROM employee
;HERE +)o J 5$
*ost o> t&e co))ands on t&e )enus and on t&e +utton +ar can also +e activated using
special 0e2 co)+inations or >unction 0e2s. (or e:a)ple4 under *S Windows
95/9/!T/2"""4 pressin* the F/ ;unction :e% places the ;orm in !nter Cuer% mode.
Pressin* the F0 ;unction :e% e<ecutes a uer%. To see a list o; :e%s and their
;unctions, pull do,n the 1el* menu and choose the 2e"s option.
Once data has $een ueried, it is retrieved ;rom the data$ase and stored in a $u;;er
in the associated data $loc: on the ;orm. This means that a local cop% o; the data
no, e<ists in the clientFs memor%. Appropriate loc:s are placed on the data so that
the client maintains a consistent vie, o; the data in the associated ta$les.
T&e user can navigate t&roug& t&e data in a +loc0 +2 pressing t&e up and down arrow
0e2s to scroll +etween records. To c&ange data in a >or)4 t&e user can T8/ to t&e >ield o>
interest4 and t2pe over t&e e:isting data.
To enter new data into t&e >or)4 t&e user can scroll to t&e last record and t&en down once
)ore to )ove to a +lan0 record. Data can t&en +e t2ped into t&e >ields and t&e T8/ 0e2
can +e pressed to )ove +etween >ields on t&e >or).
To save $oth chan*ed and ne, records on a ;orm, pull do,n the +ction menu and
choose the Sa.e menu item. 8n2 records t&at &ave +een c&anged are collected and
su+)itted to t&e data+ase as )C& 2PDAT! statements. 8n2 new records are collected
and su+)itted to t&e data+ase as I#)!RT statements. T&ese state)ents are su+)itted as
a single logical unit o> wor0. T&us i> a >ailure occurs during an2 o> t&e state)ents4 t&e
entire transaction will +e rolled $ac:.
I> t&e user atte)pts to clear t&e +loc0 or e:it t&e >or) and t&ere are so)e c&anges t&at
&ave not 2et +een applied to t&e data+ase4 t&e2 will +e pro)pted to co))it t&e c&anges
+e>ore e:iting or clearing t&e >or). T&e +loc0 is cleared w&en t&e 3nter 9uer2 )ode is
invo0ed. A $loc: can also $e cleared usin* the Clear Block and Clear Form menu
items.
To e:it >ro) a running >or)4 pull down t&e A=.>o) )enu and select t&e EE>. )enu ite).
8s a review4 &ere are a >ew +asic >unctions t&at can +e per>or)ed +2 de>ault in an2 (or);
Forms
;unction
#otes
9uer2ing a
>or)
To see all records in t&e ta+le4 si)pl2 I3:ecute 9uer2I @via 9uer2 )enu or
+2 pressing ( in WindowsA.
To >ilter t&e record4 Ienter quer2I )ode4 speci>2 t&e quer2 para)eters in t&e
>ields and t&en I3:ecute 9uer2I.
Inserting new
records
Scroll to t&e last record and t&en scroll once )ore to get a +lan0 record.
T2pe in data >or eac& >ield and t&en co))it t&ese c&anges +2 pulling down
t&e A=.>o) )enu and c&oose t&e S,Ce )enu ite).
(or )aster/detail >or)s @discussed +elowA >irst eit&er quer2 a )aster record
or insert and save a )aster record @in t&e )aster data +loc0A4 t&en navigate
to t&e detail +loc0 and insert new records t&ere.
#pdating 9uer2 t&e data+ase and scroll to t&e record o> interest. -&ange t&e values in
e:isting
records
t&e >ields and t&en save t&e c&anges.
(or )aster/detail >or)s4 c&anges to t&e 0e2 in t&e )aster +loc0 )a2 +e
prevented i> detail records e:ist @t&us insuring relational integrit2A.
Deleting
records
9uer2 t&e data+ase and scroll to t&e record o> interest. Pull down t&e
6ecords )enu and c&oose Delete record. T&en save t&e c&anges.
(or )aster/detail >or)s4 atte)pting to delete a )aster record w&en detail
records e:ist t2picall2 results in an error. In suc& cases4 all o> t&e detail
records s&ould +e deleted >irst and t&en t&e )aster record s&ould +e a+le to
+e deleted.
8.. !<ercise? Creatin* a a )in*le 9loc: Form
(or t&is e:ercise4 create a si)ple data entr2 >or) >or t&e D3P86T*3!T ta+le wit& t&e
>ollowing c&aracteristics;
Select and displa2 all o> t&e colu)ns in t&e D3P86T*3!T ta+le.
In t&e la2out wiEard4 use t&e Ta+ular la2out and displa2 5 6ecords in t&e >or).
8dd a scroll+ar.
In t&e 1a2out 3ditor4 )a0e t&e D!8*3 >ield a +it wider to acco))odate longer
depart)ent na)es.
-&ange t&e Properties o> t&e D3P86T*3!T +loc0 so t&at t&at data is '6D36
/B D!#*/36.
Save t&e >or) under t&e >ile na)e; +ep,-.D1m0
T&e resulting >or) s&ould loo0 li0e t&e >ollowing;
#se t&e enter quer2 )ode and e:ecute quer2 >unctions to quer2 t&e depart)ent ta+le >or a
speci>ic depart)ent na)e and/or nu)+er.
G. Creatin* a "aster7Detail Form
In t&is section4 t&e +asic steps >or creating a *aster/Detail >or) are introduced. 8
*aster/Detail >or) is a >or) t&at &as two +loc0s arranged in a )aster=detail relations&ip.
G.1 The "aster7Detail Relationship
T&e *aster=Detail relations&ip is a co))on relations&ip +etween entities in a +usiness.
In an 3ntit2=6elations&ip diagra)4 t&ese are s&own as DOne to "an%D relationships. In
a p&2sical data+ase design4 a single Master record re>erences one or )ore detail records
in anot&er ta+le. 8 record in t&e detail ta+le will relate to e:actl2 one )aster record in t&e
)aster ta+le. 8not&er na)e >or t&is relations&ip is called parent7child. 3:a)ples o> t&is
relations&ip include;
8 -usto)er 'rder wit& )an2 'rderIte)s.
8 Depart)ent wit& )an2 3)plo2ees.
8n 3)plo2ee wit& )an2 Dependents.
8 -o)pan2 wit& )an2 /ranc& '>>ices.
8 6ecipe wit& )an2 6ecipeSteps.
8n Inventor2 location wit& )an2 Inventor2 Ite)s.
'racle (or)s i)ple)ents t&e )aster=detail relations&ip using two data +loc0s. T&e >irst
+loc0 corresponds to t&e )aster ta+le and t&e second +loc0 corresponds to t&e detail
ta+le. T&ere are two )a,or >unctions in a *aster=Detail >or);
Oracle Forms coordinates values $et,een the t,o $loc:s throu*h a series o;
;orm and $loc: level triggers.
Oracle Forms *uarantees that the detail $loc: ,ill displa% onl% records that
are associated ,ith the current record in the master $loc:.
!ote t&at a *aster=Detail >or) is si)pl2 one wa2 o> viewing t&e data in two related
ta+les. (or)s do not a>>ect t&e sc&e)a in ter)s o> creating4 dropping or en>orcing
data+ase level re>erential integrit2 constraints.
G.2 )teps to Create a "aster7Detail Form
In t&is section4 a set o> step +2 step instructions >or creating a *aster=detail >or) are
given. T&e >or) will allow a user to quer2 a given depart)ent in t&e co)pan2 and t&en
will displa2 all o> t&e e)plo2ees in t&at co)pan2.
T&e sc&e)a used is t&e sa)e one suggested in t&e Prerequisites section at t&e +eginning
o> t&is tutorial. !otice t&at t&e D!' colu)n in t&e EMPLOYEE ta+le gets its values >ro)
t&e D!#*/36 colu)n in t&e DEPARTMENT ta+le. In ot&er words4 to ,oin t&e two ta+les in
a quer24 one )ig&t speci>2 a WD363 clause suc& t&at; EMPLOYEEDDNO J
DEPARTMENTDDNMBER.
G.2.1 Create the "aster 9loc:
In t&e '+,ect !avigator4 clic0 on t&e Fo-m( +ranc& at t&e ver2 top. -reate a new >or) +2
pulling down t&e F>le )enu and c&oosing t&e NeF )enu ite). T&en c&oose Fo-m >ro)
t&e >l2out )enu.
#sing t&e sa)e steps given in t&e prior section on -reating a (or) wit& a Single /loc04
create a new +loc0 na)ed DEPARTMENT t&at contains all o> t&e colu)ns in t&e
DEPARTMENT ta+le. /rie>l2;
1. Pull down t&e Tool( )enu and c&oose t&e Data /loc0 wiEard.
2. -reate a data +loc0 >or a ta+le/view.
3. Speci>2 t&e D3P86T*3!T ta+le and select all o> t&e colu)ns @D!8*34
D!#*/364 *56SS! and *56S86TD8T3A.
%. -reate t&e data +loc0 and t&en go on to t&e 1a2out wiEard.
5. 8ppl2 t&e Depart)ent data +loc0 to a new canvas.
.. 8dd all o> t&e colu)ns as Displa2ed Ite)s.
<. -&ange t&e la+els to;
Dept. !a)e
Dept. !u)+er
*gr. Ssn
*gr. Start Date
. -&oose a Form la2out.
9. Speci>2 a >ra)e title o> IDepart)entsI and select onl2 1 record to +e displa2ed.
1". Save t&e >or) as +ep.empD1m0 and t&en co)pile and run it to )a0e sure it is
wor0ing properl2.
11. #se t&e 9/3 >eatures to retrieve onl2 t&ose depart)ents wit& D!#*/36 greater
t&an 2. T&en4 do anot&er 9/3 quer2 to retrieve onl2 t&ose depart)ents wit& t&e
letter H in t&eir na)e @tr2 KHKA.
8>ter t&is >irst step4 t&e +ep.emp >or) s&ould loo0 li0e t&e >ollowing;
G.2.2 Create the Detail 9loc:
!ow t&at we &ave t&e )aster +loc0 D3P86T*3!T created4 we can now create t&e detail
+loc0 3*P1'B33 and associate it wit& t&e )aster +loc0. Per>or) t&e >ollowing steps;
1. 6eturn to t&e '+,ect !avigator @pull down t&e Tool( )enu and c&oose O0Le=.
N,C>@,.o-A.
2. In t&e '+,ect !avigator4 clic0 on t&e Data /loc0s +ranc& o> t&e D3PT3*P >or)
@do not clic0 on t&e depart)ent data +loc04 &oweverA.
3. Pull down t&e Tools )enu and c&oose t&e Data /loc0 wiEard.
Note% I> t&e D3P86T*3!T data +loc0 @or an2 o> its ite)sA is still selected4
activating t&e Data /loc0 wiEard will cause t&e e:isting +loc0 to +e edited instead
o> creating a new +loc0 @w&ic& is w&at is required in t&is part o> t&e tutorialA.
%. Select t&e 3*P1'B33 ta+le and include t&e (!8*34 1!8*34 SS!4 /D8T34
S8186B and D!' colu)ns.
5. /ecause at least one data +loc0 alread2 e:ists in t&e >or)4 t&e ne:t step in t&e
wiEard will +e to create a relations&ip +etween t&e e:isting data +loc0
@D3P86T*3!T in t&is caseA and t&e new +loc0 +eing created.
T&e wiEard can construct t&e relations&ip +ased on ta+le level constraints it learns
>ro) t&e data+ase sc&e)a. (or e:a)ple4 in t&e -638T3 T8/13 and 81T36
T8/13 state)ents given at t&e start o> t&is tutorial4 >oreign 0e2 constraints were
speci>ied +etween D3P86T*3!T and 3*P1'B334 and +etween 3*P1'B33
and D3P3!D3!T. Dowever4 suc& relations&ips are not alwa2s i)ple)ented in
ta+le level constraints.
T&e developer can also speci>2 t&e relations&ip )anuall2. In t&is case4 t&e
relations&ip will +e speci>ied )anuall2.
De=select t&e A/.o4Lo>) +,., 0lo=%( option.
-lic0 on t&e C-e,.e Rel,.>o)(B>p +utton to list t&e availa+le data +loc0s.
In t&e ne:t dialog +o: 6elation T2pe4 c&oose B,(e+ o) , Lo>) =o)+>.>o) and
clic0 t&e O' +utton.
W&en t&e list o> +loc0s appears4 c&oose t&e D3P86T*3!T data +loc0.
8rrange t&e Detail Ite) @DNOA and *aster Ite) @DNMBERA suc& as t&at t&e ,oin
condition +eco)es; EMPLOYEEDDNO J DEPARTMENTDDNMBER
.. -reate t&e data +loc0 and t&en call t&e 1a2out wiEard.
<. /e sure to c&oose t&e e:isting canvas @-8!?8S2 in t&is e:a)pleA and include all
o> t&e ite)s e&cet t'e DNO as displa2ed.
T&e D!' colu)n @ite)A will still +e a part o> t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc04
&owever4 it will not +e displa2ed to t&e user.
. Touc& up t&e la+els >or t&e >ields and c&oose t&e (abular la2out.
9. 5ive t&e (ra)e Title as I3)plo2eesI and select 5 6ecords displa2ed wit& "
distance +etween records.
1". Save t&e >or) @it s&ould alread2 &ave t&e na)e +ep.empD1m0A and t&en co)pile
and run it. !ote t&at a>ter co)pilation4 an2 errors encountered will +e displa2ed.
T&e >ollowing >igure s&ows t&e )aster=detail >or) running;
!otice t&at +2 scrolling t&e )aster +loc0 D3P86T*3!T to a new depart)ent nu)+er
@using t&e up and down arrow 0e2sA4 t&e e)plo2ees >or t&at depart)ent are auto)aticall2
queried and displa2ed.
To navigate +etween t&e *aster and Detail +loc0s4 use;
To *o to the ne<t $loc:? Press C&,L-PageDo#n or pull do,n the Block menu
and choose 3e)t
To *o to the previous $loc:? Press C&,L-Page4* or pull do,n the Block menu
and choose Pre.ious
G.( Relation Properties o; a "aster7Detail Form
T&ere are a nu)+er o> properties in a )aster=detail >or) t&at can +e c&anged to suit
particular +e&avior o> t&e >or). In t&e >igure +elow4 t&e '+,ect !avigator &as several new
o+,ects on it including )elations.
To view t&e properties >or t&e D3P86T*3!TG3*P1'B33 relation4 open up t&e
D3P86T*3!T +loc0 and t&en open t&e 6elations +loc0 +2 clic0ing on t&e M s2)+ols.
T&en clic0 on t&e D3P86T*3!TG3*P1'B33 relation wit& t&e rig&t )ouse +utton and
select Properties.
T&ere are several interesting properties in t&e relations propert2 s&eet;
#ame = T&e na)e o> t&e 6elation. T&is is t2picall2 )ade up o> t&e na)es o> t&e
+loc0s.
Relation T%pe = T&e t2pe o> t&e relation; Eoin or Re;.
8 7oin relation uses t&e t2pical S91 ,oin @in t&e W&ere clauseA to +ring t&e two
ta+les @data +loc0sA toget&er. T&e )ef relation t2pe is used >or a+stract data t2pes
and o+,ect re>erences.
Detail Data 9loc: = T&e na)e o> t&e detail data +loc0 speci>ied w&en t&e detail
data +loc0 was created.
Eoin Condition = T&is is t&e ,oin condition in e>>ect >or queries to t&e data+ase.
T&is was speci>ied w&en t&e detail data +loc0 was created.
Delete Record 9ehavior = #sed to speci>2 &ow t&e deletion o> a record in t&e
)aster +loc0 a>>ects records in t&e detail +loc0. It supports t&e >ollowing settings;
o !on=isolated; Prevents t&e deletion o> a )aster record i> associated detail
records e:ist in t&e data+ase.
o Isolated; Deleting t&e )aster record will not a>>ect t&e associated detail
records in t&e data+ase.
o -ascading; Deletes t&e )aster record and auto)aticall2 deletes an2
associated detail records.
Coordination 7 De;erred = Indicates w&en detail records s&ould +e queried w&en
a )aster record is queried.
o Bes; (or) does not quer2 t&e detail records until t&e user navigates to t&e
detail +loc0.
o !o; Detail records are >etc&ed i))ediatel2 w&en a user queries t&e )aster
record.
De>erred is so)eti)es set to Bes in cases w&ere t&ere are a lot o> detail records
>or eac& )aster record. In suc& cases4 a lot o> data )ust +e queried and delivered
to t&e client eac& ti)e a new record is displa2ed in t&e )aster +loc0. W&en
De>erred is set to Bes4 t&e user can scroll down to t&e )aster record o> interest and
t&en navigate to t&e detail +loc0 @-T61=PageDownA to quer2 t&e related detail
records.
Coordination 7 Auto7uer% = 8pplied to de>erred queries onl2
o Bes; t&e quer2 is auto)aticall2 e:ecuted w&en t&e user navigates to t&e
detail +loc0.
o !o; t&e quer2 )ust +e e:ecuted )anuall2 +2 t&e user a>ter t&e2 navigate
to t&e detail +loc0.
Prevent "asterless operation = Speci>ies w&et&er users are allowed to quer2 or
insert records in a detail +loc0 w&en no )aster record is in place.
o Bes; #sers )a2 not quer2 or insert w&en no )aster record is in place.
o !o; #sers )a2 quer2 or insert w&en no )aster record is in place.
T&ese settings are used to ItuneI t&e overall per>or)ance o> a )aster=detail >or). 8s
)entioned a+ove4 in cases w&ere a large nu)+er o> detail records are associated wit&
eac& )aster record4 it is a good idea to set coordination=De>erred to Bes to avoid
unnecessar2 trans>ers o> data +etween t&e server and client. T&is will also speed up t&e
displa2 o> )aster records as t&e user can >reel2 scroll t&roug& t&e) wit&out a pause to
quer2 and deliver t&e detail records.
G.4 Pro*ram 2nits in a "aster7Detail Form
W&en a *aster=detail >or) is created4 t&ree +asic *rogram +nits @P1/S91 ProceduresA
are created +2 de>ault. T&ese procedures are used to coordinate t&e quer2 and navigation
o> t&e detail records w&en t&e )aster record is c&anged @e.g.4 w&en t&e user scrolls to a
di>>erent )aster recordA4 updated or deleted. T&e procedures can +e seen listed in t&e
'+,ect !avigator;
P1/S91 is 'racleFs procedural language e:tensions to S91. To view t&e P1/S91 code
>or a Progra) #nit4 clic0 on t&e na)e o> t&e progra) unit wit& t&e rig&t )ouse +utton
and t&en c&oose PLNS:L E+>.o- >ro) t&e pop=up )enu. T&e code >or t&e
-D3-HGP8-H853G(8I1#63 procedure is s&ow &ere;
T&e -D3-HGP8-H853G(8I1#63 procedure c&ec0s to see i> a prior >or) co))and or
S91 state)ent was success>ul or i> it >ailed.
/elow is t&e P1/S91 code >or t&e 9#36BG*8ST36GD3T8I1S procedure. T&e te:t
a>ter t&e 44 @two )inus signsA are co))ents.
PROCEDRE :/e-y&M,(.e-&De.,>l((-el&>+ Rel,.>o),+e.,>l CHAR) IS
ol+m(@ CHAR(2)$ 44 Ol+ Me((,@e LeCel Se..>)@
-el+e1 CHAR(5)$ 44 Rel,.>o) De1e--e+ Se..>)@
BE*IN
44
44 I)>.>,l>He Lo=,l V,->,0le(()
44
-el+e1 GJ *e.&Rel,.>o)&P-ope-.y(-el&>+, DEFERRED&COORDINATION)$
ol+m(@ GJ GSy(.emDMe((,@e&LeCel$
44
44 I1 NOT De1e--e+, *o.o +e.,>l ,)+ eEe=/.e .Be O/e-yD
44
IF -el+e1 J 2FALSE2 THEN
*o&Blo=%(+e.,>l)$
CBe=%&P,=%,@e&F,>l/-e$
GSy(.emDMe((,@e&LeCel GJ 2182$
EEe=/.e&:/e-y$
GSy(.emDMe((,@e&LeCel GJ ol+m(@$
ELSE
44
44 Rel,.>o) >( +e1e--e+, m,-% .Be +e.,>l 0lo=% ,( /)4=oo-+>),.e+
44
Se.&Blo=%&P-ope-.y(+e.,>l, COORDINATION&STATS, NON&COORDINATED)$
END IF$
E"CEPTION
;HEN Fo-m&T->@@e-&F,>l/-e THEN
GSy(.emDMe((,@e&LeCel GJ ol+m(@$
RAISE$
END :/e-y&M,(.e-&De.,>l($

T&e 9#36BG*8ST36GD3T8I1S procedure is e:ecuted w&enever t&e user navigates to
t&e detail +loc0 in a )aster detail >or). I> t&e De>erred -oordination propert2 is set to
>alse4 t&en t&e detail +loc0 is auto)aticall2 queried.
(inall24 t&e -1386G*8ST36GD3T8I1S procedure is called eac& ti)e a new )aster
record is retrieved @e.g.4 w&en t&e user scrolls to a di>>erent )aster recordA or deleted. In
t&is case4 i> an2 o> t&e detail records &ave +een inserted4 updated or deleted4 t&e c&anges
)ust +e saved into t&e data+ase +e>ore t&e detail +loc0 can +e cleared. I> t&ere are an2
outstanding c&anges to +e saved4 t&e user will +e pro)pted to save t&ose c&anges +e>ore
t&e detail +oc0 is cleared.
G.. !<tendin* "aster7Detail Forms
*aster=Detail >or)s can +e e:tended to include additional levels o> details. (or e:a)ple4
consider a -usto)er listing wit& detail on 'rders a custo)er &as placed. (or eac& 'rder4
t&ere are t&en )an2 Ite)s. 8n e:tension to t&e a+ove e:a)ple would +e to include t&e
D3P3!D3!TS o> t&e e)plo2ees as a details o> t&e 3*P1'B33S +loc0. T&e steps
outlined a+ove can +e repeated allowing several levels o> detail to +e added. 3ac&
additional level o> detail will add a new +loc0 t&at is related to t&e level a+ove it.
G.8 !<ercise? Creatin* a "aster/Detail Form
(or t&is e:ercise4 create a *aster/Detail >or) using t&e 3*P1'B33 and D3P3!D3!T
ta+les. 3)plo2ee will +e t&e *aster +loc0 and Dependents will +e t&e Detail +loc0. T&e
,oin condition +etween t&e two ta+les is w&ere t&e SS! colu)n o> 3*P1'B33 is equal
to t&e 3SS! colu)n o> D3P3!D3!T.
T&e >ollowing is an outline o> t&e steps;
1. -reate t&e 3)plo2ee data +loc0 and include t&e (!8*34 1!8*34 SS!4
8DD63SS and S3$ >ields on t&e >or). #se t&e (or) la2out and onl2 displa2
one record at a ti)e.
2. 5o +ac0 to t&e '+,ect !avigator and select t&e IData /loc0sI tree. *a0e sure t&e
3*P1'B33 +loc0 is not selected and run t&e Data /loc0 WiEard again.
3. -reate t&e Dependents data +loc0 and include all o> t&e colu)ns.
(or t&e )aster/Detail relations&ip4 de=select t&e IautoI option4 use a 7oin
relations&ip4 c&oose t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0 as t&e *aster and set
DEPENDENTDESSN J EMPLOYEEDSSN >or t&e ,oin relations&ip.
%. In t&e 1a2out WiEard >or t&e Dependents data +loc04 displa2 all o> t&e >ields
e&cet t'e #SSN field. T&e 3SS! >ield will re)ain part o> t&e data +loc0 +ut it
will not +e visi+le on t&e >or). -&oose a Ta+ular st2le and displa2 % up to records
at once wit& " space +etween eac& record.
5. Save t&e >or) using t&e na)e; emp+ep)D1m0
T&e co)pleted >or) s&ould loo0 li0e t&e >ollowing;
9uer2 t&e )aster +loc0 and practice navigating +etween t&e two +loc0s using t&e -T61=
PageDown and -T61=Page#p 0e2s.
W&ile in t&e 3)plo2ee +loc04 scroll to t&e 3)plo2ee na)ed 73!!I(36 W8118-34
navigate to t&e Dependents +loc0 and add a new record >or a S'! na)ed 8!D63W
+orn on 2"='-T=19.2. !avigate +ac0 to t&e 3)plo2ee +loc0 and atte)pt to scroll to
anot&er e)plo2ee record. 8 pro)pt s&ould +e displa2ed to save t&e new Dependent
record.
W&ile in t&e *aster +loc0 >or 3)plo2ees4 scroll to an e)plo2ee w&o &as so)e
dependents. Tr2 to delete t&e 3)plo2ee record and see i> an error )essage appears.
(inall24 alter t&e 3*P1'B33GD3P3!D3!T relation properties and set t&e
-oordination=De>erred to Bes and t&en run t&e >or). !otice now t&at t&e detail records
will not +e displa2ed auto)aticall2. !avigate to t&e Dependents +loc0 and &it t&e 3:ecute
quer2 +utton @or pull down t&e :/e-y )enu and c&oose EEe=/.eA. !otice t&at onl2 t&ose
Dependent records )atc&ing t&e 3)plo2ee are displa2ed.
0. &ist o; =alues @&O=sA and #on79ase Ta$le Fields
It is cu)+erso)e >or a user to &ave to re)e)+er various codes and nu)+ers w&ile
entering data into a data entr2 >or). (or e:a)ple4 in t&e 3)plo2ee >or)4 it )ig&t +e
di>>icult to &ave all o> t&e depart)ent nu)+ers )e)oriEed w&en inserting new e)plo2ee
data.
'ne solution to t&is pro+le) is to )a0e a list o> appropriate values availa+le w&en t&e
user navigates to Depart)ent !u)+er >ield @D!'A. In 'racle (or)s4 t&ese are called 1ist
o> ?alues @1'?sA. T&e ne:t section will illustrate creating 1'?s >or >ields. T&ese
e:a)ples are +ased on t&e single +loc0 3)plo2ee >or) created at t&e +eginning o> t&is
tutorial.
To prepare >or t&is part o> t&e tutorial4 close an2 >or)s 2ou currentl2 &ave open +2
pulling down t&e F>le )enu and selecting t&e Clo(e )enu ite).
'nce all o> t&e >or)s are closed4 pull down t&e F>le )enu and c&oose t&e Ope) )enu
ite) to open up t&e employeeD1m0 >or) t&at was created previousl2.
8 1ist o> ?alues is +ased on a )ecord ,rou. In 'racle (or)s4 a record group is a quer2
t&at returns so)e collection o> records. 6ecord groups can +e used to populate +loc0s or
1'?s and t&e2 can +e used in procedures. W&en t&e user navigates to an ite) wit& an
1'? attac&ed to it4 t&e 1'? 0e2 @(9 in *S WindowsA can +e pressed to call up t&e 1'?.
8t t&at ti)e4 t&e quer2 associated wit& t&e record group is e:ecuted and t&e results are
displa2ed in a pop up window. 'nce t&e user )a0es a selection >ro) t&e list4 t&e value or
values are returned to t&e >or) and placed in t&e appropriate >ields.
In t&e e:a)ple +elow4 a record group and 1'? >or t&e D!' @depart)ent nu)+erA >ield
in t&e 3)plo2ee ta+le will +e created.
0.1 Creatin* a &ist o; =alues
-reating a 1ist o> ?alues requires % +asic steps.
0.1.1 Create a ne, &O= O$5ect
To create an 1'?4 clic0 on t&e 1'?s node in t&e '+,ect !avigator. T&en pull down t&e
N,C>@,.o- )enu and c&oose t&e C-e,.e )enu ite). 8 dialog +o: will appear as0ing i>
2ou would li0e to create t&e 1'? )anuall2 or i> 2ou would li0e to use t&e 1'? WiEard.
-&oose I#se t&e 1'? WiEardI and clic0 t&e 'H +utton. T&e >irst step o> t&e 1'?
WiEard will appear as +elow;
T&e de>ault is set to create a new 6ecord 5roup. *a0e sure t&is selection is &ig&lig&ted
and t&en clic0 t&e !e:t +utton.
In )ost cases4 2ou will not &ave a record group created previousl2. Dowever4 one can +e
created on t&e >l2 at t&is point +2 speci>2ing a quer2. In t&is e:a)ple4 enter t&e 1'?
quer2 as >ollows; SELECT DNMBER FROM DEPARTMENT
T&en clic0 on t&e !e:t +utton.
T&e ne:t step is to speci>2 w&ic& colu)ns in t&e record group will +e returned to >or use
+2 t&e 1'?. In t&is e:a)ple4 we onl2 return D!#*/36 so select t&at colu)n as s&own
+elow and clic0 !e:t.
T&e ne:t step is to speci>2 t&e displa2 properties o> t&e 1'? colu)ns and also to )ap t&e
1'? ite) to t&e >ield on t&e >or).
To )ap t&e 1'? colu)n to a >ield4 clic0 on t&e D!#*/36 entr2 and t&en clic0 on t&e
I1oo0 up return Ite)I +utton. Dig&lig&t t&e 3*P1'B33.D!' >ield and clic0 on t&e 'H
+utton.
!ote t&at i> 2our 1'? contains )ore t&an one ite)4 at t&is ti)e 2ou would also )ap
t&e) as well @t&is is not t&e case wit& t&is e:a)ple4 +ut in t&e ne:t e:a)ple we will need
to )ap two 1'? colu)nsA. -lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton.
Speci>2 a title >or 1'? window. 8t t&is point 2ou )a2 also speci>2 t&e siEe and
positioning o> t&e 1'?. (or t&is e:a)ple4 leave t&e) as t&e de>aults and clic0 t&e !e:t
+utton.
T&e advanced properties relate to &ow t&e records s&ould +e >etc&ed >or t&e 1'?. I> t&ere
are )an2 &undreds or t&ousands o> possi+le records returned +2 t&e 1'?4 2ou )a2
consider c&anging t&ese options. 't&erwise4 >or t&is e:a)ple4 si)pl2 clic0 !e:t.
In t&is >inal step4 t&e 1'? is returning so)e colu)ns and t&e2 were assigned to >ields on
t&e >or) in a previous step. 8t t&is point4 we need to associate t&e 1'? wit& a particular
ite) on t&e >or). (or e:a)ple4 +2 assigning t&e 1'? to t&e 3*P1'B33.D!' >ield4 t&e
user will +e a+le to call up t&e 1'? onl2 w&en t&e cursor is positioned in t&e
3*P1'B33.D!' >ield. -&oose 3*P1'B33.D!' and clic0 t&e !e:t +utton.
(inall24 clic0 (inis& to create t&e 6ecord 5roup and t&e 1'?.
In t&e >igure +elow4 t&e 1'? &as +een created. 8 de>ault na)e o> 1'?% was given to
+ot& t&e 1'? and to its associated record group. Depending on w&at ot&er parts o> t&is
tutorial 2ou &ave co)pleted4 t&e de>ault na)e )a2 +e slig&tl2 di>>erent.
Save4 -o)pile and 6un t&e >or). W&en entering new data4 navigate to t&e D!'
@Depart)ent nu)+erA >ield. !otice at t&e +otto) o> t&e >or)4 a )essage appears; L>(.
o1 V,l/e( indicating a list o> values is availa+le >or t&is >ield.
#nder #!I$4 t&e 0e2 to displa2 t&e list o> values is -ontrol=l.
#nder *S Windows 95/9/!T/2""" t&e 0e2 to displa2 t&e list o> values is (9.
To see t&e appropriate 0e2s to press4 pull down t&e Help )enu and c&oose t&e 'ey( ite).
0.2 #on79ase Ta$le ;ields
In t&e previous e:a)ple o> adding a 1ist o> ?alues4 t&e supplied list o> appropriate values
can +e use>ul in cases w&ere t&e values t&e)selves are sel>=e:planator2. Dowever4 in t&e
prior e:a)ple4 t&e depart)ent nu)+ers )a2 not &ave )eaning to t&e user.
It would +e )ore &elp>ul to include t&e na)e o> t&e depart)ent +ot& in t&e pop=up list o>
values and on t&e >or). Dowever4 t&e depart)ent na)e is not part o> t&e 3*P1'B33
ta+le or data +loc0. T&us we need a wa2 to displa2 t&is in>or)ation on t&e 3*P1'B33
data +loc0 in a non base table field.
8dding t&is ite) and )a0ing it >unctional will ta0e several steps;
1. (irst t&e new ite) will &ave to +e added to t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0. WeFll call
t&is new ite) D3PT!8*3.
2. !e:t4 t&e D3PT!8*3 >ield s&ould +e populated wit& t&e depart)ent na)e eac&
ti)e t&e value o> t&e D!' >ield c&anges. 8 .->@@e- will +e created to &andle t&is
>unctionalit2.
3. (inall24 t&e list o> values will +e c&anged to include t&e Depart)ent na)e in t&e
1'?.
0.2.1 Addin* a #e, Item to an !<istin* Data 9loc:
Switc& to t&e 1a2out 3ditor +2 clic0ing on t&e Tool(
)enu and selecting t&e L,yo/. E+>.o- )enu ite).
-lic0 on t&e Te:t Ite) tool and create a new >ield on
t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc0 +2 clic0ing and dragging t&e
)ouse ne:t to t&e D!' ite).
Displa2 t&e properties >or t&e new Te:t Ite) +2 dou+le clic0ing on it. -&ange its
na)e to D3PT!8*3. -&ange t&e >ollowing properties >or D3PT!8*3;
!na$led? Bes
He%$oard #avi*a$le? !o
Data$ase Item? !o
Cuer% Onl%? !o
Primar% He%? !o
Insert Allo,ed? !o
Cuer% Allo,ed? !o
2pdate Allo,ed? !o
/2 setting He2+oard !aviga+le to No4 we prevent t&e user >ro) ta++ing into t&is
>ield. Since t&is >ield is not used >or data entr2 or quer2ing4 t&is prevents t&e
potential con>usion.
T&e Data+ase Ite) propert2 is set to No w&ic& indicates t&at t&is >iled does not
)ap to an actual colu)n in t&e 3*P1'B33 ta+le.
T&e re)aining properties are all set to No to 0eep t&e >ield >ro) participating in
an2 o> t&ese activities; Delete4 Insert4 #pdate and 9uer2.
8t t&is point4 t&e new ite) D3PT!8*3 &as +een added to t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0
as a non=+ase ta+le >ield.
Save t&e >or) at t&is point +2 pulling down t&e F>le )enu and c&oosing t&e S,Ce option.
0.2.2 Creatin* a Tri**er
!e:t4 we will create a trigger to populate t&e D3PT!8*3 >ield w&enever t&e value o>
D!' c&anges. Triggers in 'racle (or)s &ave >our general >or)s;
P,E- Tri**er ;ires $e;ore an event is e<ecuted.
POS&- Tri**er ;ires a;ter an event is e<ecuted.
51E3- Tri**er ;ires in place o; the e<ecution o; an event.
2EY- Tri**er ;ires ,hen a particular :e% is pressed.
In t&is e:a)ple4 we would li0e to populate t&e D3PT!8*3 >ield wit& t&e appropriate
depart)ent na)e ,ust a>ter t&e D!' >ield c&anges on t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc0. T&us we
will use a POST4CHAN*E trigger on t&e GEMPLOYEEDDNO >ield.
Switc& to t&e '+,ect !avigator view +2 clic0ing on t&e Tool( )enu and c&oosing
t&e O0Le=. N,C>@,.o- )enu ite).
'pen up t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0 and t&e D!' ite).
-lic0 on t&e Tri**ers propert2 and create a new trigger +2 pulling down t&e
N,C>@,.o- )enu and c&oosing t&e C-e,.e )enu ite).
8 list o> possi+le trigger na)es appears. -&oose t&e POST4CHAN*E trigger and
clic0 on t&e 'H +utton.
W&en t&e P1/S91 editor appears4 t2pe t&e >ollowing P1/S91 code;
44 Pop/l,.e .Be )o)40,(e .,0le 1>el+ GEMPLOYEEDDEPTNAME
44 /(>)@ , C,l/e 1-om .Be DEPARTMENT .,0leD
BE*IN
SELECT DNAME
INTO GEMPLOYEEDDEPTNAME
FROM DEPARTMENT
;HERE DEPARTMENTDDNMBER J GEMPLOYEEDDNO$
END$
Ite)s on a +loc0 are preceded +2 a >ull colon to di>>erentiate t&e) >ro) colu)ns
in a ta+le.
-o)pile t&e trigger +2 clic0ing on t&e -o)pile +utton.
-lose t&e P1/S91 editor +2 clic0ing on t&e -lose +utton. T&en save4
co)pile/+uild and run t&e >or) to test t&e >unctionalit2. !otice t&at w&en t&e
3*P1'B33 +loc0 is queried4 t&e associated depart)ent na)e now appears in t&e
new D3PT!8*3 >ield.
0.2.( Create a ne, &ist o; =alues
(inall24 a new list o> values s&ould +e created to displa2 +ot& t&e depart)ent nu)+er and
na)e w&en t&e user calls up t&e 1'?.
(ro) t&e '+,ect !avigator4 clic0 on t&e 1'?s >or t&e 3*P1'B33 >or). Pull
down t&e N,C>@,.o- )enu and c&oose t&e C-e,.e )enu ite). -&oose t&e 1'?
WiEard.
T2pe t&e >ollowing S91 state)ent into t&e Cuer% Te<t >ield;
SELECT DEPARTMENTDDNMBER, DEPARTMENTDDNAME FROM
DEPARTMENT

T&en clic0 on t&e !e:t +utton.
Include +ot& t&e D!#*/36 and D!8*3 colu)ns >ro) t&e 6ecord 5roup in
t&e 1'?.
*ap t&e D!#*/36 1'? colu)n to t&e ;3*P1'B33.D!' te:t ite) and )ap
t&e D!8*3 1'? colu)n to t&e ;3*P1'B33.D3PT!8*3 te:t ite) @created
in t&e previous sectionA.
5ive a title >or 2our list o> values and return +ot& D!#*/36 and D!8*3 >ro)
t&e 1'?.
(inall24 Save4 -o)pile and 6un t&e >or). !ote t&at displa2ing t&e 1'? >or t&e
D!' ite) now causes +ot& t&e depart)ent nu)+er and t&e na)e to appear.
0.( !<ercise? Creatin* an &O= and #on79ase ta$le ;ield
(or t&is e:ercise4 create a new4 single data +loc0 >or) +ased on all o> t&e colu)ns in t&e
D3P86T*3!T ta+le. T&en add a non=+ase ta+le >ield >or t&e last na)e o> t&e
depart)ent )anager and create an 1'? to populate it;
-reate a new >or) called +ep,-.m@D1m0 t&at includes all o> t&e colu)ns in t&e
D3P86T*3!T ta+le. In t&e la2out wiEard4 use t&e Ta+ular la2out and displa2 5
6ecords in t&e >or). 8dd a scroll+ar.
In t&e 1a2out 3ditor4 create a new te:t ite) called *56G18STG!8*3 in t&e
D3P86T*3!T data +loc0. /e sure t&e D3P86T*3!T +loc0 is selected w&en
t&e new ite) is created. -&ange t&e properties o> *56G18STG!8*3 so it is not
a Data+ase ite).
-reate a list o> values called 1'?G*56 +ased upon t&e quer2;
SELECT ((), l),me FROM employee
8ssign 1'?G*56 to t&e *56SS! ite).
-reate a P'ST=-D8!53 trigger on t&e *56SS! ite) so t&at w&en it c&anges4
t&e >ollowing code will e:ecute;
SELECT l),me
INTO GDEPARTMENTDM*R&LAST&NAME
FROM employee
;HERE employeeD(() J GDEPARTMENTDM*RSSN$
T&is will auto)aticall2 populate t&e non +ase ta+le >ield *56G18STG!8*3 on
t&e >or) w&en t&e >or) is queried.
T&e >or) s&ould loo0 li0e t&e >ollowing;
-. Oracle Forms Pro*ram 2nits and )tored Pro*ram
2nits
'racle (or)s provides a )ec&anis) to store procedures @called Progra) #nitsA written
in t&e P1/S91 language wit&in a >or). Progra) #nits can +e used to add >unctionalit2
t&at is not possi+le t&roug& Structured 9uer2 1anguage @S91A or t&roug& t&e 'racle
(or)s inter>ace. So)e e:a)ples o> Progra) #nits were given in t&e discussion on
Progra) #nits in a *aster=Detail (or). /2 storing a Progra) #nit wit&in a >or)4 )an2
+loc0s in t&e >or) can ta0e advantage o> t&e sa)e procedure w&ic& reduces code
duplication and i)proves t&e )aintaina+ilit2 o> t&e code.
Procedures written in P1/S91 )a2 also +e stored wit&in t&e 'racle Data+ase itsel> as an
o+,ect in t&e sc&e)a. Suc& Stored Progra) #nits @also called Stored ProceduresA are
ideal >or situations w&ere &ig&l2 standardiEed +usiness rules or applications logic )ust +e
i)ple)ented across )an2 >or)s or applications. In addition4 procedures t&at require
several queries +e )ade to t&e data+ase )a2 +e +est i)ple)ented in t&e data+ase as t&is
reduces t&e networ0 tra>>ic and can signi>icantl2 i)prove per>or)ance. 8 user )a2 create
stored procedures wit& t&e 'racle S91CPlus co))and line tool.
'racle (or)s can )a0e calls to +ot& internal Progra) #nits as well as to Stored Progra)
#nits. T&is >le:i+ilit2 allows application designers e:tensive control over t&e e:ecution
o> applications and >acilitates per>or)ance tuning.
In t&e >ollowing sections4 e:a)ples o> 'racle (or)s Progra) #nits and Stored Progra)
#nits will +e given.
-.1 Creatin* Pro*ram 2nits in Oracle Forms
In t&is section4 we will aug)ent t&e 3*P1'B33 >or) +2 adding a count o> ot&er
)e)+ers o> a given e)plo2eeFs depart)ent. To add t&is >unctionalit24 we will add a new
>ield ite) to t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc04 write a Procedure in P1/S91 to gat&er t&e data and
t&en write a Trigger t&at will call t&e Procedure eac& ti)e a new 3)plo2ee record is
queried.
-.1.1 Add a ne, item to the !"P&O'!! 9loc:
8dd a new ite) on t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc0 to store t&e count o> ot&er e)plo2ees in t&e
depart)ent. See t&e section on 8dding a !ew Ite) to an 3:isting /loc0 >or details.
-all t&is >ield OTB!RI"!"9!R). /e sure it is a non=data+ase >ield and t&at a user
will not +e a+le to navigate t&ere4 insert4 update or delete data in t&e >ield. 5o to t&e
Properties and c&ec0 eac& o> t&e);
!na$led? True
#avi*a$le? !o
Data$ase Item? !o
Cuer% Onl%? !o
Primar% He%? !o
Insert Allo,ed? !o
Cuer% Allo,ed? !o
2pdate Allo,ed? !o
8dd a la+el to t&is >ield +2 switc&ing to t&e 1a2out 3ditor4 c&oosing t&e te:t tool and
clic0ing ne:t to t&e 'TD36G*3*/36S >ield.
-.1.2 Create a Procedure to Count Other Department "em$ers
In t&is step4 create a Progra) #nit @procedureA in 'racle (or)s to count t&e nu)+er o>
ot&er )e)+ers in t&e sa)e depart)ent. (or t&is procedure4 we will pass in a para)eter
called I!G3*P1'B33GSS! t&at will contain an e)plo2eeFs social securit2 nu)+er. T&e
procedure will return a value in t&e para)eter '#TG-'#!TG'TD36G*3*/36S t&at
will contain t&e nu)+er o> ot&er e)plo2ees w&o are in t&e sa)e depart)ent.
To create t&is procedure4 switc& to t&e '+,ect !avigator and scroll down to t&e Pro*ram
2nits +ranc&. Pull down t&e N,C>@,.o- )enu and c&oose t&e C-e,.e )enu ite). 8
dialog +o: will appear as0ing 2ou to na)e t&e new procedure. T2pe in t&e na)e
OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS and clic0 on t&e 'H +utton.
8t t&is point4 t&e P1/S91 editor will appear. T2pe in t&e >ollowing procedure +od2. 8n
e:planation o> eac& part o> t&e procedure is given a>terwards;
44 *>Ce) ,) Employee2( SSN, -e./-) .Be )/m0e- o1 o.Be- employee(
44 >) .Be (,me +ep,-.me).D
PROCEDRE OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS (IN&EMPLOYEE&SSN IN NMBER,
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS OT NMBER) IS
TEMP&CONT NMBER$ 44 Pl,=eBol+e- 1o- =o/).
BE*IN
TEMP&CONT GJ 8$ 44 I)>.>,l>He .o 8
44 T-y ,)+ 1>ll TEMP&CONT F>.B .Be =o/). o1 o.Be-
44 Employee( >) .Be +ep,-.me).
SELECT CONT(P)
INTO TEMP&CONT
FROM EMPLOYEE
;HERE EMPLOYEEDDNO J
(SELECT EMPLOYEEDDNO
FROM EMPLOYEE
;HERE EMPLOYEEDSSN J IN&EMPLOYEE&SSN)$
44 See >1 Fe @o. , me,)>)@1/l -e(/l.
IF (NVL(TEMP&CONT, 8) Q? 8) THEN
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS GJ (TEMP&CONT 4 1 )$
ELSE
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS GJ 8$
END IF$
END$
T&e procedure is written in t&ree )ain sections. 8n2 lines starting wit& 44 are co))ents
and are ignored +2 'racle >or)s.
T&e &eading >or t&e procedure de>inition indicates t&at one para)eter4
I!G3*P1'B33GSS!4 is a !#*/36 data t2pe and t&e procedure s&ould e:pect a value
to +e passed in. T&e ot&er para)eter4 '#TG-'#!TG'TD36G*3*/36S4 is also a
!#*/36 data t2pe and a value will +e passed +ac0 to t&e calling progra) t&roug& it.
To >inis& o>> t&e procedure &eader4 t&e T3*PG-'#!T varia+le is declared >or use wit&in
t&is procedure onl2.
T&e /35I! state)ent starts t&e +od2 o> t&e procedure. T3*PG-'#!T is initialiEed to "
and t&en a quer2 is per>or)ed on t&e data+ase to >ind t&e total nu)+er o> e)plo2ees in
t&e sa)e depart)ent as t&e e)plo2ee w&ose SS! was supplied to t&e procedure.
T&e result in T3*PG-'#!T is c&ec0ed to see i> it is a !#11 value. I> T3*PG-'#!T
is not !#11 and it is not "4 t&en '#TG-'#!TG'TD36G*3*/36S is set to equal
T3*PG-'#!T=1. 't&erwise '#TG-'#!TG'TD36G*3*/36S is set to ".
T&e last 3!D state)ent ends t&e +od2 o> t&e procedure.
/e sure to c&ec0 to see t&at t&e procedure co)piles +2 clic0ing on t&e Comp>le +utton.
8n2 errors in t&e procedure will +e &ig&lig&ted. So)e co))on pro+le)s include
>orgetting to use GJ in an assign)ent state)ent @li0e t&e Pascal languageA and leaving o>>
t&e END IF to >inis& up IF DDD THEN state)ents.
W&en done4 clic0 on t&e Clo(e +utton to close t&e P1/S91 editor.
-.1.( Create a Tri**er to Call the Procedure
-reate a trigger to call t&e 'TD36GD3P86T*3!TG*3*/36S procedure. In t&e
'+,ect !avigator4 open up t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc0 and t&e SS! ite). Dig&lig&t t&e
Tri**er +ranc& >or t&e SS! ite)4 pull down t&e N,C>@,.o- )enu and c&oose t&e C-e,.e
)enu ite).
8 pop up list o> trigger na)es will appear. -&oose P'ST=-D8!53 and clic0 on t&e 'H
+utton to open t&e P1/S91 editor >or t&is new trigger. T2pe in t&e >ollowing code >or t&e
P'ST=-D8!53 trigger on t&e SS! ite);
DECLARE
-e./-)&=o/). NMBER$
BE*IN
44 C,ll .Be Fo-m( P-o=e+/-e .o @e. .Be
44 =o/). o1 o.Be-( >) .Be +ep,-.me).D
OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS(GEMPLOYEEDSSN, -e./-)&=o/).)$
44 A((>@) .Be -e./-) =o/). .o .Be 1>el+ o)
44 .Be EMPLOYEE 0lo=%D
GEMPLOYEEDOTHER&MEMBERS GJ -e./-)&=o/).$
END$
8gain4 clic0 on t&e Comp>le +utton to +e sure t&e trigger co)piles correctl2 and t&en
clic0 on t&e Clo(e +utton to return to t&e '+,ect !avigator.
-.1.4 )ave, Compile/9uild and Run the Form
To t&is point4 we &ave added a new non=+ase ta+le >ield to t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc04
written a procedure @Progra) #nitA to count ot&er e)plo2ees in t&e sa)e depart)ent and
added a trigger to call t&e procedure eac& ti)e a new e)plo2ee record is queried.
To save 2ou wor04 use t&e S,Ce A( )enu ite) on t&e F>le )enu and save t&is >or)
under t&e na)e; emp&mem0D1m0
Save4 -o)pile//uild4 and 6un t&e >or) to c&ec0 its >unctionalit2. !ote t&at w&en
scrolling to a new e)plo2eeFs record4 t&e 'TD36G*3*/36S >ield is auto)aticall2
populated wit& values indicating t&e nu)+er o> ot&er e)plo2ees in t&e sa)e depart)ent.
-.2 Creatin* )tored Procedures in )C&JPlus
In t&e previous e:a)ple4 we added a procedure @Progra) #nitA in 'racle (or)s to
per>or) a quer2 on t&e data+ase. T&e procedure is stored as part o> t&e >or)Fs source code
and is co)piled w&en t&e >or) is +uilt. #pon e:a)ination4 eac& call o> t&is procedure
produces;
1. 8 local call >ro) t&e P'ST=-D8!53 trigger to t&e procedure passing an
e)plo2eeFs SS!.
2. 8 re)ote access >ro) t&e procedure to t&e data+ase passing a S91 quer2.
3. 8 re)ote return >ro) t&e data+ase containing a count.
%. 8 s)all a)ount o> processing in t&e procedure @I( ... TD3!A.
5. 8 local return >ro) t&e procedure to t&e trigger.
In t&is e:c&ange4 t&e &ig&est costs are incurred +2 t&e networ0 tra>>ic required to go +ac0
and >ort& +etween client and server @steps 2 and 3A. T&e lowest costs are incurred +2 t&e
local calls +etween trigger and procedure and t&e local processing @steps 14 % and 5A.
In t&is e:a)ple4 t&e S91 9uer2 in steps 2 and 3 does not return a signi>icant a)ount o>
data. Dowever4 t&ere are situations w&ere4 i> a large a)ount o> data were to +e returned
>or eac& quer24 suc& queries would severel2 i)pact per>or)ance.
'ne solution to t&is pro+le) is to )ove t&e queries and as )uc& processing as possi+le
IcloserI to t&e data in t&e data+ase. T&us our e:a)ple >or t&is section will +e to
i)ple)ent t&e 'TD36GD3P86T*3!TG*3*/36S procedure in t&e 'racle data+ase.
To ac&ieve t&is4 we will need to use 'racle S91CPlus @a co))and=line toolA to create a
stored procedure.
1og in to S91CPlus and enter t&e >ollowing -638T3 P6'-3D#63 state)ent.
8lternativel24 save t&is state)ent in a te:t >ile and e:ecute it using t&e START co))and in
S91CPlus.
CREATE PROCEDRE OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS
(IN&EMPLOYEE&SSN IN NMBER,
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS OT NMBER) AS
44 *>Ce) ,) Employee2( SSN, -e./-) .Be )/m0e- o1 o.Be- employee(
44 >) .Be (,me +ep,-.me).D
TEMP&CONT NMBER$ 44 Pl,=eBol+e- 1o- =o/).
BE*IN
TEMP&CONT GJ 8$ 44 I)>.>,l>He .o 8
44 T-y ,)+ 1>ll TEMP&CONT F>.B .Be =o/). o1 o.Be-
44 Employee( >) .Be +ep,-.me).
SELECT CONT(P)
INTO TEMP&CONT
FROM EMPLOYEE
;HERE EMPLOYEEDDNO J
(SELECT EMPLOYEEDDNO
FROM EMPLOYEE
;HERE EMPLOYEEDSSN J IN&EMPLOYEE&SSN)$
44 See >1 Fe @o. , me,)>)@1/l -e(/l.
IF (NVL(TEMP&CONT, 8) Q? 8) THEN
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS GJ (TEMP&CONT 4 1 )$
ELSE
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS GJ 8$
END IF$
END$
8>ter t2ping in t&is state)ent4 +e sure to RN t&e co))and in t&e S91CPlus +u>>er +2
t2ping RN or +2 t2ping t&e >orward slas& N
!ote; W&ile creating a stored procedure4 2ou )a2 receive an error si)ilar to t&e
>ollowing;
ORA4818!1G >)(/11>=>e). p->C>le@e(
T&is indicates t&e D/8 &as not granted 2ou t&e aut&oriEation to create stored procedures.
Please contact 2our D/8 to o+tain t&is aut&oriEation.
To see i> t&e procedure co)piled correctl24 loo0 in view #S36G366'6S as >ollows;
S:L? SELECT P FROM /(e-&e--o-($
)o -oF( (ele=.e+
I> t&e )essage )o -oF( (ele=.e+ appears4 t&en no errors were >ound in t&e trigger.
8not&er alternative is to use t&e S91CPlus co))and called (BoF e--o-(. 8>ter
su+)itting a trigger or a stored procedure4 an2 errors >ound during co)pilation can +e
displa2ed using t&e (BoF e--o-( co))and.
In so)e versions o> S91CPlus4 t&e (BoF e--o-( co))and will not wor0 due to a lac0 o>
+u>>er )e)or2 on t&e client co)puter. 8n error )essage )a2 appear as in t&e >ollowing
e:a)ple;
S:L? CREATE PROCEDRE .e(. AS
2 BE*IN
! SELECT SYSDATE INTO G.emp FROM +/,l$
3 END$
5 N
;,-)>)@G P-o=e+/-e =-e,.e+ F>.B =omp>l,.>o) e--o-(D
S:L? (BoF e--o-(
0/11e- oCe-1loFD (e SET =omm,)+ .o -e+/=e ARRAYSI<E o- >)=-e,(e MA"DATAD
No e--o-(D

I> t&e 0/11e- oCe-1loF )essage appears4 set t&e 8668BSIJ3 varia+le to a lower
nu)+er suc& as 2 wit& t&e >ollowing co))and;
S:L? SET ARRAYSI<E 2

T&en use t&e (BoF e--o-( co))and as descri+ed;
S:L? (BoF e--o-(
E--o-( 1o- PROCEDRE TESTG
LINENCOL ERROR
44444444 44444444444444444444444444444444444444444444
!N2! PLS488835G 0,+ 0>)+ C,->,0le 2TEMP2

To see w&at stored procedures 2ou &ave created4 quer2 t&e #S36GS'#6-3 view in t&e
data dictionar2.
T&e onl2 )a,or di>>erence +etween t&e stored procedure created in t&e data+ase sc&e)a
t&roug& S91CPlus and t&e procedure created in 'racle (or)s is t&e wa2 t&e &eader is
>or)atted. -reating a stored procedure uses t&e >ollowing s2nta:;
C,E+&E P,OCED4,E OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS OT NMBER) +S
-ontrast t&is wit& t&e procedure done in 'racle (or)s;
P,OCED4,E OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS
OT&CONT&OTHER&MEMBERS OT NMBER) 6S
'nce t&e 'TD36GD3P86T*3!TG*3*/36S procedure @Progra) #nitA &as +een
created in S91CPlus4 it is stored as an o+,ect in 2our sc&e)a and will re)ain t&ere until a
DROP PROCEDRE OTHER&DEPARTMENT&MEMBERS state)ent is issued. 8n2 'racle (or)4
6eport or ot&er procedure can )a0e calls to 'TD36GD3P86T*3!TG*3*/36S as i>
it were a local procedure.
To see t&e stored procedure in action4 open t&e emp&mem0D1m0 >or) and re)ove @deleteA
t&e Progra) #nit @procedureA 'TD36GD3P86T*3!TG*3*/36S >ro) it. Save t&e
>or)4 co)pile4 generate and run it.
T&e P'ST=-D8!53 trigger on ;3*P1'B33.SS! will auto)aticall2 )a0e a call to t&e
stored procedure version o> 'TD36GD3P86T*3!TG*3*/36S located in t&e
sc&e)a.
To view t&e availa+le Stored Progra) #nits >ro) wit&in 'racle (or)s4 switc& to t&e
'+,ect !avigator and open up t&e Data$ase O$5ects tree. (ro) t&ere4 a list o> sc&e)as
@usersA will appear. Scroll down to 2our userna)e and open it up. T&en open up t&e
Stored Progra) #nits tree. 8 list o> 2our stored procedure s&ould t&en appear.
-.( Additional )tored Procedures and Tri**ers
T&ere are countless wa2s in w&ic& stored procedures and triggers can +e used to en>orce
+usiness rules and to process data in an application. In t&is section4 a >ew o> t&e )ost
co))onl2 used triggers and procedures are descri+ed.
-.(.1 Generatin* uniue or consecutive identi;iers usin* the ta$le
*an2 o> t&e 0e2s used in ta+les are +ased on a nu)+er sequence. (or e:a)ple4 in our
D3P86T*3!T ta+le4 t&e D!#*/36 is an integer t&at s&ould increase >or eac& new
depart)ent. To auto)aticall2 generate a new D!#*/364 create a quer2 to capture t&e
largest current D!#*/36 value and add 1 to it. T&en assign t&is new value to t&e
D!#*/36 ite) in t&e D3P86T*3!T data +loc0. 8 trigger to do t&is could +e created
at t&e +loc0 level and s&ould e:ecute +e>ore an2 new record is inserted into t&e data+ase.
8 PRE4INSERT trigger on t&e D3P86T*3!T data +loc0 would +e used >or t&is e:a)ple;
BE*IN
SELECT MA"( +)/m0e- ) M 1
INTO G+ep,-.me).D+)/m0e-
FROM +ep,-.me).$
END$

8 P63=I!S36T trigger e:ecutes ,ust +e>ore t&e I!S36T state)ent >or a new record is
sent to t&e data+ase.
-.(.2 Generatin* uniue or consecutive identi;iers usin* an Oracle
)euence
'ne pro+le) wit& t&e a+ove )et&od is t&at )an2 users wor0ing on t&e sa)e >or) to
insert new records will run into concurrenc2 pro+le)s. (or eac& new record to +e
inserted4 a >ull ta+le scan )ust +e done to >ind t&e largest identi>ier.
'ne solution to t&is pro+le) is to use an 'racle Sequence. 8n 'racle Sequence is a
sc&e)a o+,ect t&at 0eeps trac0 o> a si)ple integer and auto)aticall2 incre)ents t&is
counter w&en it is accessed.
(or e:a)ple4 in our D3P86T*3!T ta+le4 t&e D!#*/36 is an integer t&at s&ould
increase >or eac& new depart)ent. To auto)aticall2 generate a new D!#*/364 create
an 'racle Sequence using t&e S91CPlus tool;
CREATE SE:ENCE +ep,-.me).&(eO
INCREMENT BY 1
START ;ITH 1
MA"VALE 55555
NOCYCLE$

T&e a+ove +ep,-.me).&(eO sequence will +egin counting >ro) 1 and incre)ent +2 1
until it reac&es 99999. 8>ter t&at4 accessing t&e sequence will produce an error. T&is is
reasona+le since it is &ig&l2 unli0el2 an organiEation will ever &ave )ore t&an 99999
depart)ents.
T&e ne:t step is to assign t&e ne:t value o> t&e sequence to t&e D!#*/36 ite) in t&e
D3P86T*3!T data +loc0. 8 trigger to do t&is would +e created at t&e +loc0 level and
s&ould e:ecute +e>ore an2 new record is inserted into t&e data+ase. 8 PRE4INSERT trigger
on t&e D3P86T*3!T data +loc0 would +e used >or t&is e:a)ple;
BE*IN
44 *e. .Be )eE. C,l/e 1o- DNMBER 1-om .Be
44 +ep,-.me).&(eO (eO/e)=eD
SELECT +ep,-.me).&(eOD)eE.C,l
INTO G+ep,-.me).D+)/m0e-
FROM +/,l$
END$

T&e +/,l ta+le is a du))2 ta+le t&at contains e:actl2 one record @rowA. We can use it in
a S313-T...I!T' state)ent to consistentl2 return a single value. T&e )eE.C,l accessed
in t&e sequence will return t&e current sequence value and t&en auto)aticall2 incre)ent it
to t&e ne:t value.
8 P63=I!S36T trigger e:ecutes ,ust +e>ore t&e I!S36T state)ent >or a new record is
sent to t&e data+ase.
'racle Sequences are not applica+le >or )aster=detail >or)s suc& as purc&ase orders
w&ere an ite) nu)+er needs to +e assigned in t&e detail ta+le. (or e:a)ple4 purc&ase
order ite)s are t2picall2 nu)+ered; 1, 2, !DDD. T&e ne:t P' will also nu)+er t&e ite)s
1, 2, !, DDD. 8n 'racle Sequence is designed to deliver unique identi>iers >or pri)ar2
0e2s and s&ould not +e used >or suc& ite) nu)+ers.
-.(.( Chec:in* constraints at the client
In an2 data+ase s2ste)4 it is alwa2s desira+le to constrain t&e values certain colu)ns can
ta0e on. It is possi+le to add constraints to t&e data+ase ta+les t&e)selves in order to
en>orce constraints4 &owever4 t&e en>orce)ent onl2 ta0es place w&en a transaction
reac&es t&e data+ase. In addition4 )an2 constraints on t&e data t&at involve values o> data
>ro) ot&er ta+les )a2 not +e easil2 i)ple)ented as ta+le constraints.
*an2 t2pes o> constraints on data can +e c&ec0ed in t&e client using triggers. (or
e:a)ple4 in our 3*P1'B33 data entr2 >or)4 we )a2 want to en>orce a constraint t&at
no e)plo2ee can act as t&eir own supervisor. T&us >or an2 record4 SS! )a2 not equal
S#P36SS!. To i)ple)ent suc& a constraint4 add t&e S#P36SS! >ield to t&e
3*P1'B33 >or) and t&en create a ;HEN4VALIDATE4ITEM trigger on t&e S#P36SS!
ite) in t&e 3*P1'B33 data +loc0;
BE*IN
IF (GSPERSSN J GSSN) THEN
MESSA*E(2Employee( m,y )o. (/pe-C>(e .Bem(elCe(R2)$
RAISE FORM&TRI**ER&FAILRE$
END IF$
END$

T&e ('6*GT6I5536G(8I1#63 will cause t&e e:ecution o> t&e ite) validation to +e
&alted and t&e user will &ave to c&ange t&e S#P36SS! +e>ore )oving on to anot&er
ite).
-.(.4 Addin* Alerts @Pop7up "essa*esA
In t&e previous e:a)ple4 t&e *3SS853 procedure is used to displa2 t&e error along t&e
status +ar at t&e +otto) o> t&e (or)s window. 8 +etter approac& )a2 +e to >orce t&e
userFs attention to t&e pro+le). T&is can +e acco)plis&ed +2 creating a pop=up dialog +o:
t&at >orces t&e user to read t&e )essage and clic0 an 'H +utton @or so)e ot&er +uttonA. In
'racle (or)s4 t&is is called an 8lert.
To set up an 8lert;
#se t&e '+,ect !avigator to displa2 t&e 8lerts area. Pull down t&e !avigator
)enu and c&oose -reate. -lic0 on t&e de>ault na)e t&at is given >or t&e new alert
@so)et&ing li0e 8136T%A and rena)e it; SPERVISOR&ALERT
/ring up t&e Propert2 Palette >or t&is 8lert and >ill in t&e >ollowing properties;
Title? Supervisor 8lert *essage
"essa*e? 3)plo2ees )a2 not supervise t&e)selvesK
Alert )t%le? ST'P
9utton 1 &a$el? 'H
1eave t&e 9utton 2 &a$el and t&e 9utton ( &a$el +lan0
De;ault Alert $utton? /utton 1
1eave all o> t&e ot&er properties wit& t&eir de>aults and close t&e Propert2 palette.
-&ange t&e a+ove ;HEN4VALIDATE4ITEM trigger on t&e S#P36SS! ite) in t&e
3*P1'B33 data +loc0 to;
DECLARE
-e./-)&,le-. NMBER$
BE*IN
IF (GSPERSSN J GSSN) THEN
-e./-)&,le-. GJ SHO;&ALERT (2SPERVISOR&ALERT2)$
RAISE FORM&TRI**ER&FAILRE$
END IF$
END$

T&e SD'WG8136T procedure calls up t&e speci>ied alert and o+tains t&e return
value @+ased on t&e +utton t&e user clic0s onA to assign to a local varia+le called
-e./-)&,le-..
/elow is an e:a)ple o> t&e 8lert in action;
In general4 a >or)4 a P'ST=('6* trigger )ig&t invo0e an I8re 2ou sure 2ou want to
3:itI 8lert wit& IBesI and I!oI +uttons. 'r4 to con>ir) deleting a record4 a P63=
-'**IT trigger )ig&t invo0e an I8re 2ou sure 2ou want ot delete t&is 3)plo2eeLI
8lert wit& IBesI and I!oI +uttons. /ased on t&e returnGalert value4 eit&er a co))it or
roll+ac0 )ig&t +e issued.
-.(.. Populate items ,ith de;ault values
T&ere are )an2 cases w&ere de>ault values can +e suggested >or certain data ite)s +ased
upon values alread2 supplied in ot&er data ite)s. T&e )et&od &ere is to use a P'ST=
IT3* or WD3!=?81ID8T3=IT3* trigger to populate anot&er >ield4 onl2 i> t&e ot&er
>ield is currentl2 +lan0. (or e:a)ple4 to populate t&e S#P36SS! data ite) o> t&e
3*P1'B33 +loc0 +ased upon t&e *56SS! o> t&e e)plo2eeFs depart)ent4 t&e
>ollowing WD3!=?81ID8T3=IT3* trigger code )ig&t +e used on t&e D!' data ite);
BE*IN
IF GSPERSSN IS NLL THEN
SELECT +ep,-.me).Dm@-(()
INTO GemployeeD(/pe-(()
FROM +ep,-.me).
;HERE +ep,-.me).D+)/m0e- J GemployeeD+)o$
END IF$
END$

!ote t&at t&e I( state)ent uses GSPERSSN IS NLL to c&ec0 to see i> an2 value &as +een
supplied >or S#P36SS!. I> not&ing was t2ped into t&e S#P36SS! data ite)4 t&en its
value is !#11. I> t&e user t2pes an2t&ing at all into t&e S#P36SS! data ite)4 t&en t&e
I( state)ent will evaluate to >alse and no value will +e suggested.
-.(.8 Attachin* ;unctionalit% to command $uttons
-o))and +uttons can +e added on a >or) to carr2 out >unctions suc& as e:iting a >or)4
co))itting/saving c&anged records and so on. T&e +asic co))and +utton o+,ect contains
properties >or t&e +utton 1a+el @t&e te:t provided on t&e +utton itsel>A. 8dditional
properties include visual attri+utes including t&e a+ilit2 to displa2 a +it)ap i)age in
place o> t&e +uttonFs nor)al appearance.
'nce a +utton &as +een p&2sicall2 placed on a >or)4 >unctionalit2 is added +ut writing a
;HEN4BTTON4PRESSED trigger. 8s one )ig&t e:pect4 t&is trigger e:ecutes w&en t&e user
clic0s on t&e +utton. So4 >or e:a)ple4 to create a +utton to e:it t&e >or) w&en t&e user
clic0s on it t&e ;HEN4BTTON4PRESSED trigger )ig&t loo0 li0e;
DECLARE
-e./-)&,le-+. NMBER$
BE*IN
-e./-)&,le-. GJ SHO;&ALERT (2E"IT&ALERT2)$
IF (-e./-)&,le-. J ,le-.&0/..>)1) THEN
E"IT&FORM$
END IF$
END$

T&e a+ove code assu)es t&ere is an 8lert called 3$ITG8136T wit& two +uttons; IBesI
and I!oI. I> t&e user clic0s on t&e >irst +utton @IBesIA t&en t&e 3$ITG('6* procedure is
called and t&e >or) will e:it @closeA. I> t&e user clic0s on an2 ot&er +utton4 t&en t&e 8lert
will close and t&e >or) will re)ain open.
-.(.G Passin* parameters $et,een ;orms
T&ere are )an2 occasions t&at require t&e passing o> data >ro) one >or) to anot&er. 'ne
suc& e:a)ple is w&en we quer2 a certain record on one >or) and t&en wis& to call up
anot&er >or) wit& t&e sa)e record auto)aticall2 retrieved. In general4 data values can +e
passed +etween >or)s using 51'/81 varia+les @treat ;51'/81 as a +loc0 availa+le in
all >or)sA or +2 using Para)eter lists. In t&e e:a)ple4 +elow4 t&e para)eter list >eatures
will +e used to de)onstrate &ow data can +e passed >ro) one >or) to anot&er.
(or t&is e:a)ple4 we wil )a0e use o> two >or)s; 8 +asic 3*P1'B33 >or) wit& all
>ields and t&e 3*P1'B33/D3P3!D3!T )aster/detail >or) @created in a previous
e:ercise = t&e >ile na)e s&ould &ave +een emp+ep)D1m0A. T&e idea is to place to +utton on
t&e 3*P1'B33 >or) t&at w&en pressed4 will call t&e 3*P1'B33/D3P3!D3!T >or)
and auto)aticall2 quer2 t&e dependents >or t&e e)plo2ee +eing viewed on t&e
3*P1'B33 >or). T&e )ain steps are;
'n t&e 3*P1'B33 >or)4 create a +utton and la+el it I9uer2 DependentsI.
-reate a WD3!=/#TT'!=P63SS3D trigger wit& t&e >ollowing code @co))ents
are enclosed in t&e codeA;
DECLARE
NP De=l,-e pl&>+ ,( .Be >+e).>1>e- 1o- .Be p,-,me.e- l>(. PN
pl&>+ P,-,mL>(.$
BE*IN
NP See >1 .B,. p,-,me.e- l>(. ,l-e,+y eE>(.(D I1 (o, +e(.-oy >.
PN
pl&>+ GJ *e.&P,-,me.e-&L>(.(2.mp+,.,2)$
IF NOT I+&N/ll(pl&>+) THEN
De(.-oy&P,-,me.e-&L>(.( pl&>+ )$
END IF$
NP C-e,.e , 1-e(B p,-,me.e- l>(. PN
pl&>+ GJ C-e,.e&P,-,me.e-&L>(.(2.mp+,.,2)$
NP A++ , )eF p,-,me.e- .o .B>( l>(. =,lle+ EMPLOYEESSN PN

NP A((>@) .B>( p,-,me.e- .Be =/--e). C,l/e o1 .Be GSSN 1>el+ PN
A++&P,-,me.e-(pl&>+, 2EMPLOYEESSN2, TE"T&PARAMETER, GSSN)$

NP NoF -/) , )eF 1o-m =,lle+ 2emp+ep)2 (m/(. 0e >) .Be (,me PN
NP +>-e=.o-y ,( .Be employee 1o-m Fe ,-e )oF e+>.>)@D PN
NP P,(( ,lo)@ .Be >+e).>1>e- o1 o/- p,-,me.e- l>(. (pl&>+) PN
R/)&P-o+/=.(FORMS, 2emp+ep)2, SYNCHRONOS, RNTIME,
FILESYSTEM, pl&>+, NLL)$
END$

-o)pile and save t&is >or).
!ow open up t&e emp+ep) @3*P1'B33/D3P3!D3!TA >or).
#sing t&e '+,ect !avigator4 create a new P868*3T36 called 3*P1'B33SS!.
T&is para)eter will auto)aticall2 +e assigned a value +ased on t&e para)eter list
passed to t&e >or) +2 t&e a+ove 6#!GP6'D#-T procedure call.
-reate a new trigger called WD3!=!3W=('6*=I!ST8!-3. T&is trigger will
e:ecute w&enever t&e >or) is >irst run.
DECLARE
NP De=l,-e , 1o-m( 0lo=% >+e).>1e- PN
0l%&>+ Blo=%$
BE*IN
NP O0.,>) .Be 0lo=% ID o1 .Be EMPLOYEE 0lo=%D TB>( >( .Be PN
NP M,(.e- 0lo=% >) .Be emp+ep) m,(.e-N+e.,>l 1o-mD PN
0l%&>+ GJ F>)+&Blo=%(2EMPLOYEE2)$
IF NOT I+&N/ll(0l%&>+) THEN
NP CBe=% .o m,%e (/-e o/- p,-,me.e- B,( , C,l/eD I1 .B>( 1o-m
PN
NP Fe-e eEe=/.e+ 0y >.(el1, .Be) .Be p,-,me.e- F>ll 0e )/llD
PN
NP I1 .B>( 1o-m >( =,lle+ 1-om EMPLOYEE .Be) .Be p,-,me.e-
F>ll PN
NP 0e p,((e+ ,lo)@ ,)+ ,((>@)e+ .o GPARAMETERDemployee(()
PN
IF (GPARAMETERDemployee(() >( )o. )/ll) THEN
NP S>)=e Fe B,Ce , p,-,me.e-, /(e >. .o ,l.e- .Be ;HERE
Cl,/(e PN
NP p-ope-.y (o .B,. >. 0e=ome( ;HERE
(()JGPARAMETERDemployee(() PN
SET&BLOC'&PROPERTY(0l%&>+,DEFALT&;HERE,2(()J2 SS
GPARAMETERDemployee(())$
NP N,C>@,.e .o .Be EMPLOYEE 0lo=% ,)+ eEe=/.e , O/e-y
,/.om,.>=,lly PN
*O&BLOC'(2EMPLOYEE2)$
E"ECTE&:ERY$
END IF$
END IF$
END$

-o)pile and save t&e emp+ep) >or).
!ow run t&e 3*P1'B33 >or)4 quer2 an e)plo2ee record and clic0 on t&e
I9uer2 DependentsI +utton. T&e emp+ep) >or) s&ould appear wit& t&e
dependents auto)atical2 queried.
T&e a+ove e:a)ples are ,ust a >ew o> t&e great )an2 t&ings one can do wit& 'racle
(or)s. T&e on=line &elp t&at s&ips wit& (or)s . contains )an2 e:a)ple >or)s and
e:a)ple pieces o> code @see t&e (or)s P1/S91 6e>erenceA t&at go >ar +e2ond t&e si)ple
tec&niques de)onstrated a+ove.
-.4 !<ercise? Procedures and Tri**ers
T&e >ollowing are so)e suggested e:ercises using various co)+inations o> triggers and
procedures;
-reate an 'racle Sequence @using S91CPlusA t&at will generate new Depart)ent
nu)+ers >or t&e D3P86T*3!T ta+le. 8dd t&e requisite P63=I!S36T trigger
code to insert a unique D!#*/36 eac& ti)e a new depart)ent record is created.
-reate an alert t&at displa2s a warning i> an e)plo2eeFs salar2 is larger t&an t&eir
supervisorFs. In a WD3!=?81ID8T3=IT3* trigger4 run a quer2 to c&ec0 i> t&e
e)plo2eeFs salar2 is greater t&an t&eir supervisorFs and i> so4 s&ow t&e alert.
Put in so)e validation code t&at will c&ec0 to )a0e sure i> a D3P3!D3!T is a
S'! or D8#5DT364 t&en t&e D3P3!D3T!Fs /D8T3 )ust +e less t&an t&e
3*P1'B33Fs /D8T3. I> t&is is not t&e case4 s&ow an alert.
8>ter 2ou learn &ow to create 6eports @see t&e ne:t sectionA create a si)ple
D3P86T*3!T data entr2 >or) wit& a +utton t&at4 w&en pressed4 will run a
report >or t&at depart)ent +2 passing along t&e D!#*/36 as a para)eter.
11. Oracle Reports 9asics
We now turn our attention to anot&er Developer tool called 'racle 6eports. T&e 'racle
6eports /uilder allows t&e developer to create sop&isticated reports in a variet2 o>
la2outs and contains )an2 custo)iEation >eatures. In t&is section4 t&e +asic steps >or
creating a si)ple report and a *aster=Detail report will +e given.
11.1 )tartin* Developer tools under +indo,s -./-0/#T/2111
8 t2pical installation o> Developer creates several >olders under t&e Start Progra)s )enu.
T&e )ain ite)s >or t&e 'racle 6eports .i progra)s are >ound under t&e )enu ite);
O-,=le Repo-.( 7> and include t&e >ollowing ite)s;
To run 'racle 6eports /uilder under Windows 95/9/!T/2"""4 clic0 on t&e S.,-. 4?
P-o@-,m( 4? O-,=le Repo-.( 7> 4? Repo-. B/>l+e- )enu ite).
8s wit& 'racle (or)s4 an initial screen will appear;
-lic0 on t&e -ancel +utton to proceed directl2 to t&e '+,ect !avigator.
11.2 The Oracle Reports O$5ect #avi*ator
T&e 'racle 6eports )ain screen is called t&e '+,ect !avigator @si)ilar to 'racle (or)sA
and can +e seen in t&e >ollowing >igure;
T&e )ain sections o> t&e '+,ect !avigator are;
1. Data "odel = -ontains in>or)ation a+out queries used >or a report.
2. &a%out = -ontains in>or)ation a+out &ow a report is >or)atted including &eaders4
>ooters4 )argins4 >onts4 etc.
3. Parameter Form = -ontains in>or)ation a+out t&e initial screen t&at is displa2ed
w&en a >or) >irst runs.
%. Report Tri**ers = P1/S91 code t&at can +e e:ecuted +e>ore4 during or a>ter a
report &as +een e:ecuted.
8s wit& 'racle (or)s4 t&e >irst step in using 'racle 6eports is to -onnect to an 'racle
server. T&is is acco)plis&ed +2 pulling down t&e F>le )enu and selecting t&e Co))e=.
)enu ite).
(ill in 2our 'racle #serna)e and 'racle Password @press t&e ta+ 0e2 to )ove +etween
t&e >ieldsA.
(or t&e D,.,0,(e >ield4 t2pe in t&e service na)e >or 2our 'racle data+ase. (or e:a)ple4
i> 2ou are using Personal 'racle 1ite4 t&e D,.,0,(eG would +e ODBCGPOLITE. -ontact
2our s2ste) ad)inistrator to learn t&e service na)e >or 2our 'racle data+ase and provide
t&at in>or)ation in t&e D,.,0,(eG >ield.
-lic0 on t&e Co))e=. +utton to co)plete t&e connection @#nder so)e versions o> #!I$4
t&e +utton is la+eled O'A. I> t&e user na)e or password is )ist2ped or incorrect4 t&e dialog
+o: will +e re=displa2ed. /e sure to provide 2our 'racle userna)e and password @not
2our #!I$ &ost passwordA.
11.( Creatin* Reports in Oracle Reports
-reating reports >ollows a % step process;
1. De>ine t&e Data *odel = T&is step speci>ies w&ic& queries s&ould +e run on t&e
data+ase including &ow )ultiple queries are related and &ow t&e2 are grouped.
T&is step )ust +e done +2 &and. 9ueries t&at &ave +een created elsew&ere can +e
i)ported into 'racle 6eports.
2. De>ine t&e 1a2out = T&is step speci>ies t&e la2out o> t&e report including t&e
overall orientation o> quer2 results and t&e suppression o> repeating groups. T&ere
are a nu)+er o> de>ault report la2outs t&at can auto)aticall2 +e applied to a data
)odel.
3. -reate and/or -usto)iEe t&e Para)eter (or) = I> so)e user input is required in
order to run t&e report4 t&en a para)eter >or) )ust +e custo)iEed. 8ll reports
&ave a de>ault para)eter >or).
%. @optionalA -reate an2 triggers or progra) units t&at will +e e:ecuted wit& t&e
report.
'racle 6eports 3." and .." support a wiEard t&at ta0es t&e developer t&roug& all o> t&ese
steps. T&is approac& will +e de)onstrated ne:t.
11.4 Creatin* a )in*le7Ta$le Report
In t&is section4 we go t&roug& t&e steps >or creating a report t&at views t&e contents o> a
single ta+le.
11.4.1 )peci;% the Data "odel and &a%out
T&e >irst step is to speci>2 t&e data )odel and la2out o> t&e report. We will use t&e 6eport
wiEard to acco)plis& t&is. (ro) t&e '+,ect !avigator4 pull down t&e Tool( )enu and
c&oose Repo-. F>H,-+DDD
T&e >irst screen >or t&e reports wiEard will appear pro)pting >or t&e st2le o> t&e report
and >or t&e 6eport Title.
T&e eig&t la2out c&oices include;
1. Ta+ular = Si)ple ta+le wit& colu)n &eadings at t&e top and data records in
consecutive rows +elow.
2. (or)=1i0e = -olu)n &eadings on t&e le>t &and side wit& data values ne:t to t&e)
on t&e rig&t.
3. *ailing 1a+el = !o colu)n &eadings and records grouped into repeating sections
siEed to print directl2 to a s&eet o> )ailing la+els.
%. (or) 1etter = 8r+itrar2 place)ent o> data ite)s wit&in a te:t +od2.
5. 5roup=1e>t = 8 *aster/Detail/Detail st2le w&ere t&e )aster records are grouped
on t&e le>t &and side wit& details to t&e rig&t.
.. 5roup=8+ove = 8 *aster/Detail/Detail st2le w&ere t&e )aster records appear
a+ove t&e detail records.
<. *atri: = -olu)n la+els on +ot& t&e le>t and t&e top wit& data values in t&e )iddle.
Si)ilar to a spreads&eet.
. *atri: wit& 5roup = 8 co)+ination o> *aster/Detail @5roup=8+oveA and *atri:.
(or t&is report4 t2pe in I3)plo2ee 6eportI as t&e title4 c&oose t&e Ta$ular 1a2out and
clic0 on t&e !e:t +utton.
T&e ne:t step is to speci>2 t&e T2pe o> quer2 t&e report will +e +ased on. T&e two )ain
c&oices are a S91 quer2 and an 'racle 3:press @'18PA quer2. ('r t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose
t&e IS91 State)entI and clic0 t&e ne:t +utton.
T&e ne:t step is to speci>2 t&e quer2 t&at will >or) t&e +asis o> t&e report. In t&is case4
t2pe t&e >ollowing quer2 in t&e S91 9uer2 State)ent; te:t +o:;
SELECT FNAME, LNAME, SSN, SALARY, DNO
FROM EMPLOYEE $
T&en clic0 on t&e !e:t +utton to )ove to t&e ne:t step. !ote; I> 2ou did not -onnect to
t&e data+ase4 2ou will +e pro)pted >or t&e #serna)e4 Password and Data+ase.
In t&e ne:t wiEard dialog +o:4 speci>2 w&ic& colu)ns >ro) t&e S91 9uer2 will +e
displa2ed in t&e report output. To speci>2 all colu)ns4 clic0 on t&e dou+le rig&t arrow to
+ring all o> t&e -vailable Fields to t&e Dislayed Fields side.
-lic0 on t&e !e:t +utton to )ove to t&e ne:t dialog +o:.
In t&e ne:t step4 aggregate >unctions can +e applied to t&e >ields on t&e report. (or t&is
e:a)ple4 we will displa2 t&e average salar2 as well as a count o> e)plo2ees. Dig&lig&t
t&e S8186B >ield and clic0 on t&e -verage +utton. T&en &ig&lig&t t&e SS! >ield and
clic0 on t&e Count +utton.
T&e ne:t dialog +o: allows 2ou to c&ange t&e >ield la+els and displa2 widt&s >or various
>ields in t&e report.
8s a >inal step4 a design te)plate can +e applied to t&e report. Design te)plates include
speci>ications >or >onts4 colors and la2out o> t&e report. (or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose t&e
-orporate 2 te)plate and t&en clic0 on t&e (inis& +utton.
8>ter a s&ort dela24 t&e 6eports 1ive Previewer will appear s&owing t&e e:ecuting report.
It is possi+le to )a0e c&anges to t&e la2out o> t&e report +2 using t&e tool palette on t&e
le>t &and side. W&en 2ou &ave >inis&ed touc&ing up t&e report4 close t&e 6eports 1ive
Previewer and t&e '+,ect !avigator will reappear. To view t&e report again4 pull down
t&e P-o@-,m )enu and c&oose R/) Repo-..
11.4.2 )avin*, Generatin* and Runnin* the Report
To save a report4 pull down t&e F>le )enu and c&oose t&e S,Ce option. T&is is si)ilar to
saving an 'racle (or). T&e source code >or 'racle 6eports are saved in >iles wit& an
D-+1 >ile na)e e:tension. -o)piled and generated reports are saved wit& a D-ep
e:tension.
(or t&is e:a)ple4 save t&is report as employeeD-+1
'nce t&e report is saved4 it can +e run +2 pulling down t&e V>eF )enu and c&oosing t&e
R/).>me P-eC>eF )enu ite).
8s t&e report is running4 an 8ctivit2 screen will appear giving an indication o> t&e
processing t&at is currentl2 underwa2.
T&e 8ctivit2 will go t&roug& 3 stages; -lient 8ctivit2 w&ile t&e queries are prepared4
Server 8ctivit2 w&en t&e queries are e:ecuted and >inall2 -lient 8ctivit2 as t&e report is
>or)atted. W&en t&is is >inis&ed4 t&e report will appear on screen.
11.. !<ercise? Creatin* a Report
(or t&is e:ercise4 create a report to displa2 all o> t&e records in t&e D3P86T*3!T ta+le
including a ,oin wit& t&e 3*P1'B33 ta+le to displa2 t&e last na)e o> t&e depart)ent
)anager.
Start up t&e 6eport wiEard. #se IDepart)entsI as t&e title and enter t&e >ollowing
S91 State)ent as t&e quer2;
SELECT +)/m0e-, +),me, m@-(.,-.+,.e, m@-((), l),me
FROM +ep,-.me)., employee
;HERE +ep,-.me).Dm@-(() J employeeD(()$
Su))ariEe t&e report wit& an average o> t&e Salar2 colu)n.
Save t&e new report as +ep,-.m@D-+1
T&e >inis&ed report s&ould loo0 so)et&ing li0e t&e >ollowing;
11.8 Creatin* a "aster7Detail Report
In t&is section4 t&e steps >or creating a report t&at views t&e contents o> two ta+les in a
*aster=Detail @one to )an2A relations&ip are given. To avoid an2 con>usion4 Save and
-lose an2 e:isting reports +e>ore proceeding.
11.8.1 )peci;% the "aster7Detail Data "odel and &a%out
8s in t&e single=ta+le report4 we +egin +2 speci>2ing t&e data )odel and la2out >or t&e
*aster=Detail report +2 using t&e 6eport WiEard.
Invo0e t&e wiEard +2 pulling down t&e Tool( )enu and c&oosing Repo-. F>H,-+.
(ollowing t&ese steps to co)plete t&e wiEard;
1. (or t&e 6eport Title use; Depart)ents and 3)plo2ees
2. (or t&e )eort Style4 c&oose ,rou -bove.
3. -&oose a S91 State)ent and t&e S91 9uer2;
3D SELECT DNAME, FNAME, LNAME, SALARY
5D FROM DEPARTMENT, EMPLOYEE
7D ;HERE DEPARTMENTDDNMBER J EMPLOYEEDDNO

<. Designate t&e D!8*3 >ield as a ,rou field @1evel 1A. -lic0 on t&e D!8*3
>ield and t&en on t&e rig&t arrow +utton.
. Displa2 all >ields in t&e report.
9. -&oose 8verage Salar2 as a (otals >ield. -lic0 on t&e S8186B >ield and t&en
clic0 on t&e 8verage +utton.
1". Touc& up t&e >ields and la+els as >ollows;
11D F>el+( ,)+ To.,l( L,0el(
12D DNAME Dep,-.me). N,me
1!D FNAME F>-(. N,me
13D LNAME L,(. N,me
15D SALARY S,l,-y
17D AC@SALARYpe-DNAME ACe-,@eG
1#D AC@SALARYpe-Rep ACe-,@e Fo- ,ll Employee(G

1. #se t&e -orporate 2 te)plate.
(ro) t&is point4 clic0 on (inis& to displa2 t&e 1ive 6eport Preview;
11.8.2 )avin*, Generatin* and Runnin* the "aster7Detail Report
8t t&is point4 t&e report can +e saved and 3:ecute @6unA.
(or t&is e:a)ple4 save t&e *aster=Detail report as +ep.&empD-+1
11.G !<ercise? Creatin* a "aster7Detail Report
In t&is e:ercise4 a )aster=detail report will +e created t&at displa2s eac& 3*P1'B33
record4 wit& a group o> D3P3!D3!T +elow.
-reate a new 6eport using t&e wiEard. 5ive a title; I3)plo2ees and T&eir
DependentsI
Select t&e 5roup 8+ove report t2pe and use t&e >ollowing S91 quer2;
SELECT employeeD1),me, employeeDl),me,
employeeD0+,.e AS EmpB+,.e,
employeeD(eE AS EmpSeE, +epe)+e).D+epe)+e).&),me,
+epe)+e).D0+,.e AS DepB+,.e,
+epe)+e).D(eE AS DepSeE, +epe)+e).D-el,.>o)(B>p
FROM employee, +epe)+e).
;HERE employeeD(() J +epe)+e).De(()$
!ote t&e use o> colu)n aliases @8SA to di>>erentiate t&e +date and se: colu)ns.
Select t&e l),me, 1),me, emp(eE, emp0+,.e >ields as t&e I5roup 1I >ields.
T&ese s&ould all +e >ro) t&e 3*P1'B33 ta+le.
Select all >ields to displa2 in t&e report and do not select an2 >ields >or t&e
calculate totals step.
Touc& up t&e report in t&e live previewer to >it on one screen.
Save t&e report as >ile; emp+epe)D-+1
T&e report s&ould loo0 si)ilar to t&e >ollowing w&en co)pleted;
11.0 Parameter ;orms in Oracle Reports
(or eac& o> t&e 'racle 6eports e:a)ples t&us >ar4 all o> t&e records in t&e respective
ta+les were returned as part o> t&e report. Dowever4 t&ere )a2 +e situations w&ere onl2 a
su+set o> t&e data+ase records are required. In t&ese cases4 we would li0e to pro)pt t&e
user to enter so)e criteria t&at can +e used to >ilter t&e report. In 'racle 6eports4 a
*arameter Form >ul>ills t&is role.
Para)eter >or)s are si)ple 'racle >or)s t&at pro)pt t&e user >or so)e in>or)ation
+e>ore a report is e:ecuted. T&is in>or)ation can +eco)e part o> t&e WD363 clause in
t&e report quer2 and is used to >ilter t&e records returned in t&e report. Para)eters in
'racle 6eports can eit&er +e >illed in +2 t&e user on a para)eter >or) or can +e >illed in
auto)aticall2 +2 passing t&e para)eters in >ro) anot&er 'racle (or)s >or) @see t&e
e:a)ple o> para)eter passing in t&e previous section on 'racle (or)sA.
In t&e >ollowing e:a)ple4 a si)ple para)eter >or) is auto)aticall2 created +2 'racle
6eports to restrict a quer2 on t&e 3*P1'B33 ta+le +2 s&owing onl2 e)plo2ees in a
given depart)ent nu)+er @D!'A supplied +2 t&e user.
1. -reate a new report using t&e report wiEard. Speci>2 I3)plo2eesI as t&e report
title and use a Ta+ular report la2out.
2. #se t&e >ollowing S91 quer2 e:actl2 as written. !ote t&e use o> t&e >ull colon in
t&e WD363 clause.
!D SELECT P
3D FROM employee
5D ;HERE employeeD+)o J GDNO&PARAMETER$
In t&e a+ove quer24 ;D!'GP868*3T36 is t&e na)e o> a run ti)e para)eter.
W&en t&e report is e:ecuted4 t&e user will suppl2 a value >or t&is para)eter t&us
co)pleting t&e WD363 clause >or t&e quer2.
-lic0ing on t&e NeE. +utton will produce t&e >ollowing alert;
.. -&oose all o> t&e colu)ns @>ieldsA >or displa2 in t&e report. Do not c&oose an2
>ields >or su))ar2 in>or)ation.
<. W&en t&e report wiEard is >inis&ed4 t&e report and para)eter >or) @+ased upon t&e
para)eters given in t&e S91 quer2A will +e created. 8s t&e live previewer is
running4 t&e new para)eter >or) will +e displa2ed;
(or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose depart)ent 5 @t2pe t&e nu)+er 5 in t&e >ieldA and press
t&e enter 0e2. !otice t&at onl2 e)plo2ees in depart)ent 5 are displa2ed in t&e live
previewer.
11.0.1 9uildin* a Custom Parameter Form
8t t&is point4 w&enever t&e report is run4 a de>ault para)eter >or) s&owing t&e
D!'GP868*3T36 will +e displa2ed. Dowever4 it is possi+le to create a custo)
para)eter >or) as s&own in t&e >ollowing steps.
1. Switc& to t&e '+,ect !avigator4 pull down t&e Tool( )enu and c&oose t&e
P,-,me.e- Fo-m B/>l+e-. T&is is s&own +elow;
8 nu)+er o> +uilt=in s2ste) para)eters are displa2ed and can +e &ig&lig&ted +2
clic0ing on t&e) wit& t&e rig&t )ouse +utton. !ote t&at at t&e +otto) o> t&is list is
t&e D!'GP868*3T36 and it s&ould alread2 +e selected.
2. (or t&is e:a)ple4 in addition to t&e D!'GP868*3T36 also select t&e
D3STBP34 D3S!8*3 and -'PI3S para)eters. T&en clic0 t&e O' +utton. 8
new para)eter >or) will +e auto)aticall2 created as s&own +elow.
3. Save t&e report as empp,-,mD-+1. W&en t&e >or) is e:ecuted @pull down t&e
P-o@-,m )enu and c&oose R/) Repo-.A4 t&e new para)eter >or) will +e
displa2ed as s&own +elow;
In t&e a+ove e:a)ple4 1 cop2 o> t&e report will +e sent to t&e printer na)ed IDP
1aser7et Series III. T&e report will onl2 s&ow e)plo2ees in depart)ent %.
't&er Destination T2pe options include Screen4 (ile and 3=)ail.
Para)eter >or)s can +e &ig&l2 custo)iEed to include list o> values user pro)pts and
ot&er user=>riendl2 >eatures. T&e tec&niques used >or 'racle (or)s can +e easil2 applied
to para)eter >or)s in 'racle 6eports.
11. Creatin* "enus in Oracle Forms
!ote; T&e properties >or *enus in di>>erent versions o> (or)s see) to c&ange wit& ever2 )inor revision.
Please 0eep in )ind4 t&e version o> (or)s 2ou are wor0ing wit& )a2 di>>er slig&tl2 >ro) w&at is s&own in
t&is tutorial.
T&us >ar4 we &ave covered t&e +asics >or creating >or)s and reports using 'racle
Developer. So)e advanced >eatures suc& as using stored procedures @Progra) #nitsA
&ave also +een introduced.
In a co)plete Data+ase S2ste)4 t&e applications consist o> )an2 >or)s and reports t&at
)ig&t +e used +2 a nu)+er o> users. 8ccess to >or)s and reports is t2picall2
acco)plis&ed t&roug& menus. In 'racle Developer4 )enus can +e created to guide users
into >or)s and reports o> interest. *enus are designed as part o> t&e 'racle (or)s
designer.
In 'racle (or)s4 ever2 >or) runs wit& one o> t&e >ollowing;
1. T&e de>ault )enu w&ic& includes t&e 8ction4 3dit4 /loc04 (ield4 6ecord4 9uer24
Window4 Delp )enus. T&e structure o> t&e de>ault )enu cannot +e c&anged.
2. 8 custo) )enu t&at 2ou de>ine as a separate )odule and t&en attac& to t&e >or)
>or runti)e e:ecution.
3. !o )enu at all.
T&e de>ault )enu is part o> t&e >or) )odule. Dowever4 custo) )enu )odules are
separate >ro) >or) )odules. So4 w&en a single=>or) application runs using a custo)
)enu4 t&ere will +e two e:ecuta+le >iles;
an DFM" >or) )odule
an DMM" )enu )odule
In a )ulti=>or) application4 *ultiple >or)s can s&are t&e sa)e )enu4 or eac& >or) can
invo0e a di>>erent )enu.
To e:plicitl2 speci>2 t&e de>ault )enu in (or)s .i;
1. Select t&e na)e o> t&e >or)/)odule in t&e '+,ect
!avigator. -lic0 wit& t&e rig&t )ouse +utton and
c&oose P-ope-.>e( >ro) t&e pop=up )enu.
2. In t&e "enu "odule propert24 t2pe
D3(8#1TMS*86T/86 to get t&e de>ault
)enu and a +utton +ar +elow it.
I> 2ou want t&e >or) to run wit&out a )enu4 leave
t&e "enu "odule propert2 +lan0.
To e:plicitl2 speci>2 t&e de>ault )enu in older
versions o> Developer;
1. Select t&e na)e o> t&e >or)/)odule in
t&e '+,ect !avigator. -lic0 wit& t&e
rig&t )ouse +utton and c&oose
P-ope-.>e( >ro) t&e pop=up )enu.
2. In t&e "enu "odule propert24 t2pe
D3(8#1T.
I> 2ou want t&e >or) to run wit&out a
)enu4 leave t&e "enu "odule propert2
+lan0.
T&e de>ault )enu is suita+le >or control over t&e current >or) +eing e:ecuted4 &owever4 it
does not contain custo) )enu ite)s pertaining to a speci>ic application. In t&e >ollowing
section4 t&e steps to create a custo) )enu structure will +e introduced.
11.1 The Oracle Forms "enu Bierarch%
T&e 'racle (or)s )enu &ierarc&2 contains t&ree o+,ect categories;
1. "enu modules = 1i0e >or) )odules4 a )enu )odule can contain its own ite)s
@)enus and )enu ite)sA4 progra) units and ot&er o+,ects.
2. "enus = Including )ain )enus4 individual )enus4 and su+)enus
3. "enu items
11.2 Creatin* a Custom "enu
Designing a custo) )enu requires >ive +asic steps;
1. -reating a )enu )odule
2. -reating )enus and )enu ite)s
3. 8ssigning co))ands to )enu ite)s
%. Saving and generating t&e )enu )odule
5. 8ttac&ing a )enu )odule to a >or)
11.2.1 Creatin* a "enu "odule
T&e >irst step in designing a custo) )enu is to create a )enu )odule. T&ere are several
wa2s to create a new )enu )odule;
1. Pull down t&e F>le )enu4 &ig&lig&t t&e NeF )enu ite) and t&en select t&e Me)/
)enu ite).
2. !avigate down to t&e "enus su+tree in t&e '+,ect !avigator4 pull down t&e
N,C>@,.o- )enu and c&oose t&e C-e,.e )enu ite).
8 new )enu )odule will +e created and a de>ault na)e will +e assigned. -lic0 on t&is
de>ault )enu na)e and assign it a )ore )eaning>ul na)e suc& as myme)/.
11.2.2 Creatin* menus and menu items
-reating )enus and )enu ite)s can +e acco)plis&ed using t&e "enu !ditor. To
activate t&e )enu editor4 >irst &ig&lig&t t&e na)e o> 2our )enu4 t&en pull down t&e Tool(
)enu and clic0 on t&e Me)/ E+>.o- ite).
T&e )ain )enu ite)s go across t&e top o> t&e screen. To add a new )enu across t&e top4
clic0 on t&e 9uild Across icon on t&e tool+ar;
Su+=)enus and )enu ite)s appear +elow eac& one. To add a new su+=)enu or )enu
ite)4 clic0 on t&e 9uild Do,n icon on t&e tool+ar;
To c&ange t&e na)e o> a )enu or )enu ite)4 clic0 in t&e )enu o+,ect and over=write t&e
na)e t&at appears t&ere.
#sing t&e icons4 create and re=la+el several )enus and )enu ite)s to appear as >ollows;
'nce t&is is co)pleted4 t&e +asic )enu structure will +e in place. T&e ne:t step is to add
>unctionalit2 to eac& )enu ite).
11.2.( Assi*nin* Commands to "enu Items
T&e de>ault +e&avior >or clic0ing on an2 )enu is >or t&at )enuFs ite)s to +e displa2ed.
T&e ne:t step is to assign co))ands to eac& o> t&e )enu ite)s so t&at w&en a user clic0s
on a )enu ite)4 a >or)4 report or S91CPlus script is e:ecuted.
To assign a co))and to a )enu ite);
1. Select t&e desired )enu ite) in t&e *enu 3ditor. -lic0 wit& t&e rig&t )ouse
+utton and c&oose P-ope-.>e( to +ring up t&e properties o> t&at )enu ite).
!ote; T&e pop=up )enu )a2 s&ow P-ope-.y P,le..e
2. T&e properties o> interest &ere are;
o Command t%pe? Indicates w&at 0ind o> co))and s&ould +e run; (or)4
6eport4 P1/S914 ot&er )enu. In general4 t&e P1/S91 co))and t2pe is
used to launc& 'racle (or)s and 'racle 6eports. T&e speci>ic (or) and
6eport co))and t2pes are )aintained >or +ac0wards co)pati+ilit2 onl2.
o "enu Item Code @or Command Te<tA; T&e te:t o> t&e actual co))and
to run.
To run a >or) >ro) t&e )enu ite)4 c&oose Command T%pe P1/S91. Dou+le
clic0 on t&e "enu Item Code @or Command Te<tA propert2 and t2pe in t&e
P1/S91 editor;
BE*IN
RN&PRODCT(FORMS, 2employee2, SYNCHRONOS, RNTIME,
FILESYSTEM, 22, 22)$
END$

6#!GP6'D#-T is a P1/S91 +uilt=in >unction t&at runs anot&er 'racle
Developer product. T&e para)eters to 6#!GP6'D#-T are;
o Product; ('6*S or 63P'6TS
o Docu)ent/*odule; na)e o> t&e >ile in single quotes
o -o))and *ode; SB!-D6'!'#S or 8SB!-D6'!'#S
o 3:ecuta+le *ode; 6#!TI*3
o 1ocation; (I13SBST3* or D8T8/8S3
o Para)eter 1ist; 8 list o> para)eters to pass to t&e >or) or !#11
o Displa2; T2pe o> displa2 to s&ow t&e product on. -an +e !#11 to indicate
t&e current displa2. !ote; Starting wit& (or)s 5."4 @w&ic& uses P1/S91
version 2.3A 2ou )a2 not use !#11 in t&e call to 6#!GP6'D#-T &ere.
Bou )ust use two single quotes @indicating a Eero lengt& c&aracter stringA.
-o)pile t&is code +2 clic0ing on t&e Comp>le +utton. T&en close t&e P1/S91
editor.
6epeat t&e a+ove steps >or eac& )enu ite).
8 >inal )enu ite) s&ould +e created to 3:it t&e application. -all t&e )enu; !<it
Application and enter t&e >ollowing P1/S91 code;
BE*IN
E"IT&FORM$
END$
3$ITG('6* is a +uilt=in procedure t&at e:its t&e current >or).
8 ?iew o> t&e co)plete myme)/ is s&ow +elow;
11.2.4 )ave and Generate the "enu "odule
8t t&is point4 all o> t&e )enu structure &as +een created and co))ands >or eac& )enu
ite) &ave +een speci>ied. T&e )enu )odule )ust now +e saved to a >ile @wit& a Dmm0
e:tensionA and 5enerated or -o)piled.
To save t&e )enu )odule4 )a0e sure t&e na)e o> t&e )enu is &ig&lig&ted4 pull down t&e
(ile )enu and c&oose t&e S,Ce )enu ite). Speci>2 a >ile na)e wit& a Dmm0 e:tension.
T&is is t&e Isource codeI >or t&e )enu. (or t&is e:a)ple4 use t&e >ile na)e myme)/Dmm0.
To generate or co)pile t&e )enu )odule4 pull down t&e F>le )enu4 clic0 on t&e
A+m>)>(.-,.>o) )enu ite) and c&oose *e)e-,.e >ro) t&e >l2out )enu. In so)e
versions o> t&e (or)s /uilder4 t&e )enu ite) )ig&t +e called Comp>le F>le. 5enerating
or co)piling a )enu )odule results in a >ile wit& a DmmE e:tension. In t&is e:a)ple4 t&e
generated )enu )odule +eco)es; myme)/DmmE
11.2.. Attachin* a "enu "odule to a Form
8 custo) )enu )ust +e attac&ed to a >or) in order to +e displa2ed. T2picall24 a >or)
wit& no data entr2 on it is used as t&e )ain screen to &ost t&e custo) )enu.
T&e >ollowing steps are di>>erent depending on t&e version o> (or)s +eing used.
For Oracle Forms version 4.. For Oracle Forms version 8i
1. -reate a new >or) wit& no +loc0s or ite)s on it. Pull
down t&e F>le )enu4 select NeF and t&en select Fo-m.
2. Displa2 t&e properties >or t&e >or) and set t&e "enu
"odule propert2 to t&e >ile na)e o> t&e )enu )odule @see
previous stepA. (or t&is e:a)ple4 it s&ould +e; myme)/DmmE
3. *a0e sure t&e 2se File propert2 is set to T-/e.
%. Save t&e >or) as >ile 0l,)%1o-mD1m0 and generate t&is
>or). @!ote 2ou s&ould save t&e t&is >or) in t&e sa)e
1. -reate a new >or) wit& no +loc0s or ite)s on it. Pull
down t&e F>le )enu4 select NeF and t&en select
-lic0 on t&e na)e o> t&e >or) in t&e o+,ect navigator and
rena)e it as 0l,)%1o-m.
2. 'pen up t&e propert2 palette >or t&e >or) and set t&e
>ollowing properties;
"enu )ource; (ile = T&e )enu in>or)ation will co)e
>ro) a >ile.
"enu "odule; myme)/DmmE = T&e >ile na)e o> t&e
co)piled )enu )odule. Bou )a2 &ave to give t&e
e:plicit pat& to t&is DmmE >ile. (or e:a)ple4 i> t&is >ile is
on 2our 8; drive t&en t2pe ,GImyme)/DmmE
drive and director2 as 2our )enuFs DmmE >ileA.
5. 6un t&e >or).
3. Save t&e >or) as >ile 0l,)%1o-mD1m0
>or). @!ote 2ou s&ould save t&e t&is >or) in t&e sa)e
drive and director2 as 2our )enuFs
%. 6un t&e >or).
!otice t&at w&en running t&is +lan0 >or)4 t&e de>ault )enu is replaced +2 t&e myme)/
*enu *odule.
T&e +lan0 >or) t&at is used to &ost t&e )enu need not +e +lan0. Bou )a2 wis& to use t&e
1a2out 3ditor to place so)e grap&ics and a title o> t&e application on t&e canvas.
8not&er use >or t&is space would +e >or so)e si)ple instructions t&e user can read to get
started wit& t&e data+ase application.
12.1 Graphics and the Chart +i>ard
T&e 'racle 5rap&ics Designer can +e used to create a variet2 o> grap&s and c&arts
including +ar c&arts4 line plots and pie grap&s. T2picall24 a grap&ic o+,ect designed wit&
'racle grap&ics is included on eit&er a >or) or a report. T&e 'racle (or)s Designer
includes a wiEard t&at will auto)aticall2 construct an 'racle grap&ic o+,ect using data
>ro) an e:isting data +loc0.
12.1 Addin* a Chart to a Form
In t&e >ollowing e:a)ple4 an 'racle 5rap&ics o+,ect will +e added to a +asic
*aster/Detail >or). 8s a >irst step4 create a new *aster/Detail >or) using t&e
D3P86T*3!T ta+le @D!#*/36 and D!8*3 colu)nsA as t&e )aster +loc0 and t&e
3*P1'B33 ta+le @(!8*34 1!8*34 D!' and S8186B colu)nsA as t&e detail +loc0.
T&e c&art added to t&is >or) will co)pare t&e S8186B values o> t&e e)plo2ees in a
given depart)ent.
8n e:a)ple la2out is s&own +elow @note t&e D!' colu)n in t&e 3*P1'B33 +loc0 is
not displa2edA;
/e sure to save t&is >or) on dis0 +e>ore )oving on to create t&e c&art.
To start t&e -&art WiEard4 clic0 on an2 open area o> t&e >or) w&ile in t&e la2out view.
T&en pull down t&e Tool( )enu and c&oose t&e CB,-. ;>H,-+. T&e >irst screen o> t&e
-&art WiEard will appear as +elow;
-lic0 t&e NeE. +utton to )ove to t&e ne:t step in t&e wiEard. In t&e ne:t step4 c&oose t&e
t2pe o> c&art @and su+t2pe i> applica+leA to +e created. (or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose P>e and
Dep.B as s&own +elow and clic0 on t&e NeE. +utton;
T&e ne:t step is to c&oose w&ic& data +loc0 t&e c&art s&ould +e +ased on. 8ll o> t&e data
+loc0s on t&e current >or) s&ould +e displa2ed. (or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose t&e
3*P1'B33 +loc0 as s&own +elow and clic0 on t&e NeE. +utton;
T&e ne:t step is to c&oose w&ic& >ield in t&e data +loc0 s&ould +e used >or t&e $=8:is @or
categor2 la+elsA >or t&e c&art. (or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose t&e 1!8*3 >ield as s&own +elow
and clic0 on t&e NeE. +utton;
T&e ne:t step is c&oose w&ic& >ield in t&e data +loc0 s&ould +e used as t&e B=8:is values.
(or t&is e:a)ple4 c&oose t&e S8186B >ield as s&own +elow and clic0 on t&e NeE.
+utton;
In t&e last step >or t&e wiEard4 t&e new 'racle 5rap&ics o+,ect )ust +e saved in a >ile.
5ive a new na)e >or t&e grap&ics o+,ect suc& as employeeDo@+ as s&own +elow and
clic0 on t&e F>)>(B +utton;
8t t&is point4 t&e grap&ics o+,ect will +e created and placed on t&e >or). #se t&e )ouse
to )ove and re=siEe t&e o+,ect as desired. W&en >inis&ed4 save t&e >or) again and run it.
T&e >ollowing >igure s&ows t&e >or) as it is running. !otice t&at w&en t&e >or) is
queried and as new depart)ent records are retrieved4 t&e e)plo2ees and t&eir associated
salaries >or t&at depart)ent are displa2ed in t&e pie c&art.
W&en cop2ing >or)s >iles t&at use 'racle 5rap&ics4 +e sure to also cop2 t&e associated
grap&ics o+,ect >iles. T&ese >iles t2picall2 &ave an DO*D >ile e:tension.
12.2 !<ercise? Addin* a Chart to a Report
(or t&is e:ercise4 add a +ar c&art depicting t&e e)plo2ees salaries to a report s&owing
additional 3)plo2ee data.
Start +2 creating a +asic ta+ular 6eport )a0ing use o> t&e >ollowing quer2;
SELECT FNAME, LNAME, DNO, SALARY
FROM EMPLOYEE
T&e +asic report is s&own +elow;
!e:t4 add t&e -&art using t&e -&art wiEard. Speci>2 ISalariesI as t&e c&art title4 and use a
/ar c&art st2le wit& IDept&I as t&e su+=t2pe.
(or t&e $ 8:is4 c&oose 1!8*3 and >or t&e B 8:is c&oose S8186B.
-&oose to place t&e c&art at t&e end o> t&e report and give t&e c&art o+,ect t&e na)e
Irepsal.ogdI.
I)portant; *a0e sure t&at t&e c&art o+,ect @t&e .ogd >ileA and t&e report >ile are in te&
sa)e director2. /2 de>ault c&art o+,ects )a2 +e stored in anot&er location. I> t&e2 are not
toget&er4 2ou will get an error suc& as I6eports is una+le to >ind t&e c&art o+,ectI.
/elow is t&e >inal output o> t&e report wit& t&e e)+edded 'racle 5rap&ics c&art o+,ect;
1(. Oracle )chema 9uilder
T&e 'racle Sc&e)a /uilder provides an eas2 to use grap&ical user inter>ace >or de>ining
and )odi>2ing ta+les4 views and ot&er sc&e)a o+,ects.
To run t&e Sc&e)a /uilder4 c&oose it >ro) t&e 'racle )enu. 8s wit& )ost 'racle
develop)ent tools4 t&e >irst step will +e to connect to t&e data+ase. T&e -onnect dialog
+o: will appear as +elow;
Provide a valid userna)e4 password and connect string @Dost stringA and clic0 on t&e
Co))e=. +utton to esta+lis& a connection to t&e data+ase.
T&e )ain Sc&e)a /uilder screen will appear;
1(.1 Creatin* #e, )chema O$5ects
-reating a new ta+le is a straig&t >orward process. (irst4 pull down t&e S=Bem, )enu and
c&oose t&e C-e,.e T,0le )enu ite). 8 s)all )enu will appear. -&oose T,0le. T&e
)ouse pointer will c&ange to an arrow wit& a M sign. -lic0 in t&e open space o> t&e
Sc&e)a /uilder )ain screen and t&e new ta+le will +e created.
!ote t&at t&e new ta+le is given a de>ault na)e @TABLE1A and it contains several e:a)ples
colu)ns.
To c&ange t&e na)e o> t&e ta+le4 clic0 on t&e current na)e and t2pe over it wit& a new
na)e. Do not use spaces in t&e ta+le na)e. W&en >inis&ed4 press 3nter or 6eturn to set
t&e new na)e >or t&e ta+le.
To c&ange t&e na)e o> a colu)n4 clic0 on a colu)n na)e and t2pe over t&e e:isting
na)e.
To add )ore colu)ns to t&e ta+le4 si)pl2 clic0 t&e lower rig&t &and corner o> t&e ta+le
displa2 and drag it downwards. 8dditional colu)ns will appear wit& t&eir de>ault na)es.
To c&ange t&e data t2pe and ot&er c&aracteristics o> colu)ns4 dou+le clic0 on t&e colu)n
na)e. T&e De>ine -olu)n dialog +o: will appear. Dig&lig&t t&e colu)n 2ou wis& to
)odi>2 and c&ange its datat2pe and ot&er options on t&e rig&t &and side. In t&e >igure
+elow4 t&e !8*3 colu)n &as +een c&anged to ?86-D86@2"A and a !'T !#11
constraint &as +een added +2 c&ec0ing o>> t&e ReO/>-e+ c&ec0+o:.
In t&e >ollowing >igure4 t&e -#ST'*36ID colu)n &as +een designated as t&e 0e2 +2
c&ec0ing o>> t&e P->m,-y 'ey and )>O/e c&ec0 +o:es.
In t&e >ollowing >igure4 eac& o> t&e colu)ns in t&e -#ST'*36 ta+le &ave +een de>ined;
'nce eac& o> t&e colu)ns &as +een rena)ed and de>ined4 t&e ta+le )ust +e saved in t&e
data+ase. To see t&e S91 state)ents t&at will +e sent to t&e data+ase server4 pull down t&e
S=Bem, )enu and c&oose t&e SBoF S:L )enu ite).
8t t&is point4 t&e S91 state)ents t&at will +e used to create t&e sc&e)a can +e saved into
a te:t >ile >or >uture use. To save t&e S91 state)ents4 pull down t&e F>le )enu and
c&oose S,Ce S:L. 8 standard windows >ile save dialog +o: will appear. T&e de>ault >ile
e:tension >or S91 >iles is D(Ol
To co))it t&e sc&e)a in t&e data+ase4 eit&er clic0 on t&e Comm>. +utton in t&e SBoF S:L
dialog +o: or4 >ro) t&e )ain Sc&e)a /uilder screen4 pull down t&e S=Bem, )enu and
c&oose t&e Comm>. S=Bem, )enu ite). 8 dialog +o: will appear s&owing t&e progress.
To review4 a t2pical Sc&e)a /uilder session would consist o> adding new ta+les to a
sc&e)a using t&e C-e,.e T,0le )enu ite) on t&e S=Bem, me)/. -olu)ns in ta+les can
+e de>ined +2 dou+le clic0ing on t&e ta+le icons. 'nce all o> t&e ta+les &ave +een de>ined
in t&e Sc&e)a /uilder )ain screen4 save o>> t&e S91 to a >ile and t&en co))it t&e
sc&e)a in t&e data+ase.
1(.2 Displa%in* !<istin* )chema O$5ects
I> t&e sc&e)a &as so)e ta+les or views alread2 de>ined4 t&ese can +e displa2ed +2 pulling
down t&e D,., )enu and c&oosing t&e Sele=. D,., T,0le( )enu ite). 8 dialog +o:
will appear displa2ing t&e availa+le ta+les.
To include a ta+le in t&e Sc&e)a /uilder )ain screen4 &ig&lig&t a ta+le and clic0 on t&e
I)=l/+e +utton. T&e ta+le s&ould appear on t&e )ain screen and t&e na)e o> t&e ta+le
will +e gra2ed out in t&e dialog +o:.
In t&is e:a)ple4 t&e 3*P1'B33 and D3P86T*3!T ta+les were included in t&e )ain
screen. W&en all o> t&e desired ta+les &ave +een displa2ed4 clic0 on t&e Clo(e +utton to
close t&e dialog +o:. /elow is t&e resulting )ain screen a>ter t&e 3*P1'B33 and
D3P86T*3!T ta+les were added;
1(.( Addin* Relationships $et,een Ta$les
'nce t&e ta+les &ave eit&er +een created or displa2ed in t&e Sc&e)a /uilder )ain screen4
relations&ips +etween ta+les can +e de>ined. In t&is e:a)ple4 t&e D!#*/36 colu)n o>
t&e D3P86T*3!T ta+le is related to t&e D!' colu)ns in t&e 3*P1'B33 ta+le. T&e
D!#*/36 colu)n in D3P86T*3!T )ust +e de>ined as a Pri)ar2 He2.
To create t&e appropriate constraints >or t&is relations&ip4 pull down t&e S=Bem, )enu
and c&oose t&e De1>)e Rel,.>o)(B>p )enu ite).
8 dialog +o: will appear wit& spaces >or t&e (oreign He2 and Pri)ar2 He2. (ill t&ese in
as appropriate >or t&e relations&ip. In t&is e:a)ple4 t&e (oreign He2 is
3*P1'B33.D!' and t&e Pri)ar2 He2 is D3P86T*3!T.D!#*/36 as s&own in t&e
>igure +elow;
-lic0 t&e O' +utton to con>ir) t&e relations&ip. T&e displa2 will t&en c&ange. 8 line will
appear lin0ing t&e Pri)ar2 He2 and (oreign He2s.
'nce again4 Sc&e)a /uilder provides a view o> t&e S91 t&at will +e used to create t&e
(oreign 0e2 constraints t&at will i)ple)ent t&e relations&ip in t&e data+ase sc&e)a. To
see t&e S914 pull down t&e S=Bem, )enu and c&oose t&e SBoF S:L )enu ite).
8s +e>ore4 t&e S91 state)ents to create t&e >oreign 0e2 constraints can +e saved to a >ile
using t&e F>le )enu and S,Ce S:L )enu ite).
(inall24 to co))it t&e c&anges to t&e data+ase4 pull down t&e S=Bem, )enu and c&oose
t&e Comm>. S=Bem, )enu ite).
T&e ne:t ti)e +ot& D3P86T*3!T and 3*P1'B33 are displa2ed in Sc&e)a /uilder4
t&e relations&ip will auto)aticall2 appear.

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A Tutorial on Oracle Forms, Reports and Graphics

NP A++ , )eF p,-,me.e- .o .B>( l>(. =,lle+ EMPLOYEESSN PN

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