WCDMA Basics and

Optimisation
Agenda
` Basics
` Handover
` Intra-frequency Handover
` Inter-RAT Handover
` OSS Tools
` GPEH
` WNCS
` Counters/stats
Handover
Ec/Io
120dB pathloss
100dB pathloss
Assume 39dBm tx power
excl. Pilot power (33dBm)
Cell B
Assume 43dBm tx power
Cell A
43dBm 120dB = -78dBm
39dBm 100dB = -61dBm
33dBm 100dB = -67dBm
Noise Level = 100dBm
Ec/Io
CPICH
CellB
Total CellB excl
CPICH Total CellA Noise Floor
dBm = log10
(mW)*10
dBm 33 39 42 mW =10^(dBm/10)
pathloss 100 100 120
x -67 -61 -78 -100 SUM (mW) RSSI (dBm)
10^(x/10)
1.99526E-
07 7.94328E-07 1.58489E-08 1E-10 8.10277E-07 -60.9137
Ec/Io -6.086336008
Discuss
` RSSI, Io, No
` RSCP, Ec
` Cell self interference, other cells
` Cell breathing
` Umbrella cells
` Tall sites
SHO
` Soft Handover
` Softer Handover
` Maximal combining
` Power control
Handover
` Intra-frequency
` Inter-frequency
` Inter-system (Inter-RAT)
Intra-frequency Handover
` Reporting event 1A: A Primary CPICH enters the reporting
range
` Reporting event 1B: A primary CPICH leaves the reporting range
` Reporting event 1C: A non-active primary CPICH becomes
better than an active primary CPICH
` Reporting event 1D: Change of best cell
` Reporting event 1E: A Primary CPICH becomes better than an absolute
threshold
` Reporting event 1F: A Primary CPICH becomes worse than an absolute
threshold
` Reporting event 1J: A Non-active E-DCH but active DCH Primary CPICH
becomes better than an active E-DCH Primary CPICH (FDD only)
` More info: 3GPP TS 25.331
SHO Message flow
Measurement Report
Active Set Update
Active Set Update Complete
Measurement Control
UE UTRAN
Event 1a
Measurement
Quantity
CPICH1
CPICH2
ReportingRange1a - Hysteresis1a/2
TimeToTrigger1a
Measurement Report
Event 1b
Measurement
Quantity
ReportingRange1b + Hysteresis1b / 2
TimeToTrigger1b
Measurement Report
CPICH1 (AS)
CPICH2 (AS)
Event 1c
Measurement
Quantity
Hysteresis1c/2
TimeToTrigger1c
Measurement Report
CPICH1 (AS)
CPICH2 (AS)
CPICH3 (MN)
Event 1d (Hs Cell Change)
Measurement
Quantity
Hysteresis1d/2
TimeToTrigger1d
Measurement Report
CPICH1 (AS)
CPICH2 (AS)
Notes
` In previous slides, individual cell offsets and hysteresis 1a
and 1b are assumed to be zero for simplicity and easier
illustration
` Periodic reporting option for events 1a and 1c
Measurement Report Example
MeasuredResults : intraFreqMeasuredResultsList
intraFreqMeasuredResultsList
IntraFreqMeasuredResultsList :
[0 ] :
cellSynchronisationInfo
modeSpecificInfo : fdd
countC-SFN-Frame-difference
countC-SFN-High : 0
off : 85
tm : 17907
modeSpecificInfo : fdd
primaryCPICH-Info
primaryScramblingCode : 95
cpich-Ec-N0 : (31) -8.5 (dB)
cpich-RSCP : (47) -68 (dBm)

eventResults
EventResults : intraFreqEventResults
intraFreqEventResults
eventID : e1a
cellMeasurementEventResults
CellMeasurementEventResults : fdd
fdd :
[0 ] :
primaryScramblingCode : 95
Measurement Control
intraFreqMeasQuantity
filterCoefficient = fc2
modeSpecificInfo
fdd
intraFreqMeasQuantity_FDD = cpich_Ec_N0
reportCriteria
intraFreqReportingCriteria
eventCriteriaList[0]
event_
e1a
triggeringCondition = detectedSetAndMonitoredSetCells
reportingRange = 6
w = 0
reportDeactivationThreshold = t2
reportingAmount = ra_Infinity
reportingInterval = ri1
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = tt320
reportingCellStatus
allActivePlusMonitoredAndOrDetectedSet = viactCellsPlus3
Measurement Control
eventCriteriaList[1]
event_
e1b
triggeringCondition = activeSetCellsOnly
reportingRange = 10
w = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt640
reportingCellStatus
withinActiveSet = e3
Measurement Control
eventCriteriaList[2]
event_
e1c
replacementActivationThreshold = t3
reportingAmount = ra_Infinity
reportingInterval = ri1
hysteresis = 2
timeToTrigger = tt320
reportingCellStatus
allActivePlusMonitoredAndOrDetectedSet = viactCellsPlus3
Measurement Control
eventCriteriaList[3]
event_
e1d = NULL
hysteresis = 15
timeToTrigger = ttt2560
reportingCellStatus
allActivePlusMonitoredAndOrDetectedSet = viactCellsPlus1
Ericsson Parameters
` releaseConnOffset (120)
` maxActiveSet (3)
` hysteresis1a, hysteresis1b (0)
` hysteresis1c (4), hysteresis1d (15)
` measQuantity1 (CPICH_EC_NO)
` reportingInterval1a (3(1)), reportingInterval1c (3(1))
` reportingRange1a (6), reportingRange1b (10)
` timeToTrigger1a (320), timeToTrigger1b (640),
timeToTrigger1c (320), timeToTrigger1d (2560)
` hsHysteresis1d (10(1)), hsQualityEstimate
(CPCIH_RSCP), hsTimeToTrigger1d (640)
Corner Effect / Fast Changing RF
Environment
AS MN
AS MN
Individual Cell Offset
` individualOffset (UtranCell)
` individualOffset (Adjacency)
` individualOffset (GSM Adjacency)
Measurement Control
newIntraFreqCellList[2]
intraFreqCellID = 2
cellInfo
cellIndividualOffset = 0
modeSpecificInfo
fdd
primaryCPICH_Info
primaryScramblingCode = 361
Inter-Frequency Neighbours
` Active Set
` Monitored Set
` Detected Set
` Maximum number of inter-freq neighbours = 31
` Recommended < 25
` No one-way neighbours
Intra-frequency Neighbours
Cell A
A1
A2
A3
...
A31
Cell B
B1
B2
B3
...
B31
Cell C
C1
C2
C3
...
C31
AS A
B
C
A1
B1
C1
A2
B2
C2
...
C9
A10
B10
Composite Monitored Set
Inter-RAT Handover
` Compressed mode
` Event triggered vs Periodic reporting
Events
` Event 2a: Change of best frequency
` Event 2b: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is below a
certain threshold and the estimated quality of a non-used frequency is
above a certain threshold
` Event 2c: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is above a certain
threshold
` Event 2d: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
below a certain threshold
` Event 2e: The estimated quality of a non-used frequency is below a certain
threshold
` Event 2 f: The estimated quality of the currently used frequency is
above a certain threshold
Event 2d, 2f (entering and exiting
compressed mode)
Measurement
Quantity
TimeToTrigger2f
Measurement Rep
TimeToTrigger2d
Measurement Report
CPICH_BEST
Threshold 2f
Threshold 2d
Measurement Control
freqQualityEstimateQuantity_FDD = cpich_Ec_N0
.......
reportCriteria
interFreqReportingCriteria
interFreqEventList[0]
event2d
usedFreqThreshold = -10
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = tt320
interFreqEventList[1]
event2f
usedFreqThreshold = -8
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt1280
.
periodicalOrEventTrigger = eventTrigger
Measurement Control
freqQualityEstimateQuantity_FDD = cpich_RSCP

reportCriteria
interFreqReportingCriteria
interFreqEventList[0]
event2d
usedFreqThreshold = -90
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = tt320
interFreqEventList[1]
event2f
usedFreqThreshold = -87
usedFreqW = 0
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt1280
Event-triggered Reporting
` Event 3a: The estimated quality of the currently
used UTRAN frequency is below a certain
threshold and the estimated quality of the other
system is above a certain threshold
` Event 3b: The estimated quality of other system is below a
certain threshold
` Event 3c: The estimated quality of other system is above a
certain threshold
` Event 3d: Change of best cell in other system
Event 3a
Measurement
Quantity
TimeToTrigger3a
Measurement Report
CPICH
GsmThresh 3a
Threshold 3a
GSM
Event 3a
Measurement Control
reportCriteria
interRATReportingCriteria
interRATEventList[0]
event3a
thresholdOwnSystem = -12
w = 0
thresholdOtherSystem = -95
hysteresis = 0
timeToTrigger = ttt100
reportingCellStatus
newInterRATCellList[2]
interRATCellID = 29
technologySpecificInfo
gsm
interRATCellIndividualOffset = 0
bsic
ncc = 0
bcc = 6
UE Tx Power
` Reporting event 6A: The UE Tx power becomes larger than an absolute threshold
` Reporting event 6B: The UE Tx power becomes less than an absolute
threshold
` Reporting event 6C: The UE Tx power reaches its minimum value
` Reporting event 6D: The UE Tx power reaches its maximum value
` Reporting event 6E: The UE RSSI reaches the UE's dynamic receiver range
` Reporting event 6F (FDD): The UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the
active set becomes larger than an absolute threshold
` Reporting event 6F (1.28 Mcps TDD): The time difference indicated by T
ADV
becomes larger than an absolute threshold
` Reporting event 6G: The UE Rx-Tx time difference for a RL included in the active
set becomes less than an absolute threshold
Event 6d, 6b
Measurement
Quantity
TimeToTrigger6d
Measurement Report
Threshold 6b
Max UE Tx Power
TimeToTrigger6b
Measurement Report
Measurement Control
reportCriteria
ue_InternalReportingCriteria
ue_InternalEventParamList[0]
event6d = tt320
ue_InternalEventParamList[1]
event6b
timeToTrigger = ttt1280
transmittedPowerThreshold = 18
measurementReportingMode
measurementReportTransferMode =
acknowledgedModeRLC
periodicalOrEventTrigger = eventTrigger
Ericsson Inter-RAT Parameters
` txPowerConnQualMonEnabled (UE Tx monitoring switch)
` hysteresis2d , hysteresis2f (0)
` serviceOffset2dEcno, serviceOffset2dRscp (0)
` timeToTrigger2dEcno , timeToTrigger2dRscp, timeTrigg6d (320)
` timeToTrigger2fEcno, timeToTrigger2fRscps, timeTrigg6b (1280)
` usedFreqThresh2dEcno (-12)
` usedFreqThresh2dRscp (-97)
` ueTxPowerThresh6b (18)
` usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno (1), usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp (3)
` utranRelThreshRscp (5)
` gsmThresh3a (-95)
Event 3a Threshold
` Ec/No Triggered:
` usedFreqThresh2dEcno+ serviceOffset2dEcno+
utranRelThresh3aEcno
` Rscp Triggered:
` usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ serviceOffset2dRscp+
utranRelThresh3aRscp
` UeTx triggered:
` usedFreqThresh2dRscp+ serviceOffset2dRscp+
utranRelThresh3aRscp+ utranRelThreshRscp
Switches
` FddGsmHoSupp true/false (enable or disable IRAT)
` hoType (GSM_PREFFERED, IFHO_PREFERRED, NONE)
Cell versus RNC level parameters
` Cell Level
` usedFreqThresh2dEcno
` usedFreqThresh2dRscp
Neighbour List IRAT
` Max number of Neighbours 32
` Limit the number of neighbours
` Recommended < 15
` Minimise amount of time in compressed mode
` Save battery life
` Prevent issues
Stages of optimisation
` Initial tuning (pre-launch optimisation)
` Network performance improvement (post-launch
optimisation)
` Discuss differences between different stages of
optimisation
` Importance of physical parameters as discussed earlier
Parameters Changes / Trials
` Most impact in a stable environment
` Single changes
` Optimised RF enovironment
OSS Tools
AMOS
` Pmr
` Cedh
` Uer
` Str
` Al
GPEH
` General Performance Event Handling
` Detailed investigation
` Example missing neighbours
(INTERNAL_SOHO_DS_MISSING_NEIGHBOUR)
` Processing of GPEH data:
` OSS (parsing into text format)
` TEMS Visualization
` Aexio Xeus Pro
` Event based statistics
` Internal event in addition to protocol messaging
` Internal, NBAP, RANAP, RNSAP
GPEH
` UETR UE bases (IMSI)
` CTR cell or group of cells
` GPEH RNC, RBS or group or RBS
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH
` Righ click and select Add profile as shown below
` Alternatively access the FILE menu
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH
GPEH Parsing
` Right click required profile and select Parse profile
results
GPEH Parsing
WNCS
` Optimise and monitor neighbour relations
` Utilises GPEH (General Performance Event Handling) and
counters
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellSpeech
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellSpeech
` Export and report output
WNCS
WNCS
Statistical Tools
` Ericsson (ENIQ)
` Third party (e.g. IBM, Aircom)
` Self made, database
Kget Logfiles
` RNC, RBS configuration export
` Consistency checking
` Internal, external tools for consistency checking
` Database creation (Aexio, MCOM)
` Text format
` Manipulation in external tools possible
Kget example:
MO UeMeasurementControl
UeMeasControlId 1
event1dRncOffset 2
event1dRncThreshold 2
filterCoeff4_2b 2
filterCoeff6 3
filterCoefficient1 2
filterCoefficient2 2
gsmFilterCoefficient3 1
gsmThresh3a -95
hsHysteresis1d 30
hsQualityEstimate 1 (CPICH_RSCP)
hsTimeToTrigger1d 640
hyst4_2b 10
hysteresis1a 0
hysteresis1b 0
hysteresis1c 2
hysteresis1d 15
hysteresis2d 0
hysteresis2f 0
hysteresis3a 0
measQuantity1 2 (CPICH_EC_NO)
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bEcno -10
nonUsedFreqThresh4_2bRscp -100
nonUsedFreqW4_2b 0
reportingInterval1a 3
reportingInterval1c 3
reportingRange1a 6
reportingRange1b 10
timeToTrigger1a 11
timeToTrigger1b 12
timeToTrigger1c 11
timeToTrigger1d 14
timeToTrigger2dEcno 320
timeToTrigger2dRscp 320
timeToTrigger2fEcno 1280
timeToTrigger2fRscp 1280
timeToTrigger3a 6
timeToTrigger6d 320
timeTrigg4_2b 100
timeTrigg6b 1280
txPowerConnQualMonEnabled 1 (TRUE)
ueTxPowerThresh6b 18
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcno 2
usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp 3
usedFreqRelThresh4_2bEcno 0
usedFreqRelThresh4_2bRscp 0
usedFreqThresh2dEcnoDrnc -13
usedFreqThresh2dRscpDrnc -97
usedFreqW2d 0
usedFreqW2f 0
usedFreqW4_2b 0
userLabel
utranFilterCoefficient3 2
utranRelThresh3aEcno 0
utranRelThresh3aRscp 0
utranRelThreshRscp 5
utranW3a 0
w1a 0
w1b 0
Comparison
Counters
Counters
` Network Elements
` RNC, RBS, RXI, OSS EBS
` Counter Types
` Peg incremented by 1 for specific activity
` Gauge incremented and decremented
` Accumulator increased by a value at certain times (eg pmSum)
` Scan incremented by 1 each time accumurator counter increased
(pmSamples)
` TrigACC similar to accumulator but increased when there is certain
activity (PmSumAct)
` TrigSCAN similar to Scan but related to TrigACC (pmSampleAct)
` PDF measurements read periodically and incremented for certain
range when value falls in that range (eg pmPropagationDelay)
` Calculated statistics
UL RSSI
` pmSamplesUlRssi - number of samples recorded within
the ROP (recording output period) for pmSumUlRssi.
` pmSumUlRssi number of valid RTWP measurements
` TrigACC counter Type
` RTWP = UL RSSI = Received Total Wideband Power
` Range of UL RSSI (RTWP) measurements: 0 621 (0 = -
112dBm, 621=-50dBm)
` Average UL RSSI = -112 + (pmSumUlRssi /
pmSamplesUlRssi) / 10
Propagation Delay
` pmPropagationDelay
` PDF counter
` 100% =35km (cell range)
[0] = maximum delay
[1] = 01%
[2] = 12%
...
[10] = 910%
[11] = 1012%
[12] = 1214%
[13] = 1416%
...
[20] = 2830%
[21] = 3033%
[22] = 3336%
[23] = 3639%
...
[30] = 5760%
[31] = 6064%
[32] = 6468%
[33] = 6872%
...
[40] = 96100%
One-way neighbours
` Distant neighbours
` Use stats for optimisation
` Stats dependant on traffic
Neighbour relation stats
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellCsConvers
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellPacketHigh
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellPacketLow
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellSpeech
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellStandAlone
` pmRlAddAttemptsBestCellStream
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellCsConvers
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellPacketHigh
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellPacketLow
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellSpeech
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellStandAlone
` pmRlAddSuccessBestCellStream
Gsm Relation Stats
` pmNoAttOutIratHoSpeech
` pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechGsmFailure
` pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechReturnOldChNotPhyChFail
` pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechReturnOldChPhyChFail
` pmNoFailOutIratHoSpeechUeRejection
` pmNoOutIratCcAtt
` pmNoOutIratCcReturnOldCh
` pmNoOutIratCcSuccess
` pmNoSuccessOutIratHoSpeech
CE Utilisation
pmSumDlCredits
pmSamplesDlCredits
pmSumUlCredits
pmSamplesUlCredits
Downlink CE utilisation:
pmSumDlCredits/pmSamplesDlCredits
Uplink CE utilisation:
pmSumUlCredits/pmSamplesUlCredits
Good Reading
` ALEX
` 3GPP TS25.331 (www.3gpp.org)
` Other 3GPP documents