TOPACC

Zero-flux measuring system

User manual


















TOPACC
USER MANUAL

ZERO FLUX
DC MEASURING SYSTEM








Document number : TOPACC
Revision : 2, October 2003














Due to a policy of continuous development and improvement Hitec Power Protection bv reserves the
right to change the contents of this user manual without prior notice.

Reproduction in any form whatsoever, in whole or in part is not permitted without written permission of
Hitec Power Protection bv.


Hitec Power Protection bv Phone : +31 546 589 500
Div. Special Measuring Systems Facsimile : +31 546 589 489
PO Box 65 E-mail : sales@hitecsms.com
7600 AB Almelo, The Netherlands Internet : http://www.hitecsms.com


1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM TOPACC 1.0 ............................................................. 3
1.1 Technical Specifications ....................................................................................................... 3
1.2 Available types ..................................................................................................................... 4
1.3 Available versions ............................................................................................................... 4
1.4 Applied measuring heads .................................................................................................... 5

2. INSTALLATION ................................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Rating plates ........................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 General instructions ............................................................................................................. 6
2.2.1 Electronics module ................................................................................................ 6
2.2.2 Measuring head ..................................................................................................... 6
2.3 Mounting ............................................................................................................................... 6
2.3.1 Printed Circuit Boards and Eurocassette .............................................................. 6
2.3.2 19" rack-mount chassis ......................................................................................... 7
2.3.3 The measuring head ............................................................................................. 7
2.4 Electrical connections .......................................................................................................... 7
2.4.1 Printed Circuit Boards and Eurocassette .............................................................. 7
2.4.2 19" rack-mount chassis ......................................................................................... 8
2.4.3 Cable for the measuring head .............................................................................. 10

3. VISUAL INDICATIONS ...................................................................................................................... 10
3.1 Power on ............................................................................................................................ 10
3.2 Output Valid ......................................................................................................................... 10
3.3 Zero current ......................................................................................................................... 10

4. WORKING PRINCIPLE ..................................................................................................................... 11
4.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 11
4.2 Block diagram analysis ....................................................................................................... 14

5. MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................................. 16
5.1 Trouble shooting .................................................................................................................. 16
5.1.1 Disassembly ......................................................................................................... 16
5.1.2 Visual inspection .................................................................................................. 16
5.1.3 Power Supply ....................................................................................................... 16
5.1.4 Test signals connector X2 (Chassis for 19" rack mounting) ................................ 16
5.1.5 Flux Compensator Board ..................................................................................... 17
5.1.5.a Insulation test ........................................................................................ 17
5.1.5.b Voltage Stabilizers ................................................................................. 17
5.1.5.c Zero Current Detector ........................................................................... 17
5.1.5.d Oscillator and induced voltage .............................................................. 17
5.1.5.e Peak Detector ........................................................................................ 18
5.1.5.f Excitation Control .................................................................................. 18
5.1.5.g AC-Loop ................................................................................................ 19
5.1.5.h Power Amplifier ..................................................................................... 19
5.1.5.i AC-loop/Amplifier dummy load test....................................................... 19
5.1.6 Voltage Output Board ........................................................................................... 20
5.2 Accuracy check ................................................................................................................... 20
5.2.1 With standard resistor .......................................................................................... 20
5.2.2 With reference DCCT ........................................................................................... 21
5.3 Calibration ........................................................................................................................... 21
5.3.1 Procedure for adjusting offset .............................................................................. 21
5.3.2 Procedure for gain and CMR ............................................................................... 22

6. OPTIONS FOR THE SYSTEM TOPACC 1.0 .................................................................................... 22
6.1 For all models ...................................................................................................................... 22
6.2 Special for 19" rack-mount chassis ..................................................................................... 22

7. APPENDIX I DRAWINGS AND PARTS LISTS ................................................................................. 23
7.1 General ................................................................................................................................ 23

7.2 Printed Circuit Board and Eurocassette additions .............................................................. 23
7.3 Chassis for 19" rack mounting additions ............................................................................ 23

1. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE SYSTEM TOPACC 1.0

The bipolar Zero-flux current transformer System TOPACC 1.0, developed by HOLEC for scientific research,
epitomize the concept of a galvanically separated system for measurement of direct and alternating currents up to
6000 Amp with exceptionally high accuracy and stability.

The conductor that carries the current to be measured forms the primary winding. The magnetic circuit is constituted
by a set of ferromagnetic toroidal cores fitted with a common secondary winding and separate auxiliary windings, all
integrated in the measuring head. The design of the measuring head, whether or not provided with a bus-bar
section, is governed by the application. Depending on the type of Zero-flux current transformer ordered, the
electronics module can be supplied on printed circuit board(s), in an euro cassette with or without built-in power
supply or as fully self-supporting 19" rack-mount chassis.
1.1 Technical Specifications

Primary Circuit:
rated current up to 6000 A
permissible over current 115% of rated current (*)
short-circuit current 10 times rated current for 0.1s
current slew rate unlimited

Output Circuit:
rated voltage 10V
maximum load current 5 mA
output impedance 10 m
output slew rate 1.5 V/s
small signal-bandwidth (signals < 5% of rated primary current) 0...500 kHz (**)
rms value of output noise related to rated output voltage,
0... 10Hz < 0.1 ppm
0... 100Hz < 0.3 ppm
0... 10kHz < 1.5 ppm

DC accuracy:
offset error related to rated output voltage, (adjustable)
initial (at 25C) < 2.5 or 0 ppm (***)
versus temperature < 0.5 or 0.25 ppm/K (***)
versus time < 5 ppm/year
ratio error related to actual output voltage,
initial (at 25C) < 25 ppm
versus temperature < 1 or 0.25 ppm/K (***)

versus time < 5 ppm/year
linearity error related to actual output voltage < 2.5 ppm

Ambient Temperature,
measuring head 0... 55 C
electronics module 10...40 C

Notes
*) Up to the rated primary current a perfect ampere-turns balance is maintained. At some value above 1.15 Irated the
cores become saturated, which will result in a non-defined output voltage. An internal relay indicates this status.
Proper operation will be restored as soon as the primary current has returned to I rated. An other internal relay will
be activated when the primary current is below about 0.1% of the nominal value.
**) Above 100 Khz the position of the primary conductor becomes important.
***) The initial offset error can be adjusted to 0. By using specially selected and perfectly matching components it is
possible to offer, as an option, a System TOPACC 1.0 with a ratio -and offset error of less than 0.25 ppm/K.





1.2 Available types
A standard bipolar TOPACC Zero-flux current measuring system consists of an electronics module, a measuring
head and an interconnection cable (standard length 3 m).

Types : T20-* T25-* T40-* T50-* T60-*
I.max. : 2000 A 2500 A 4000A 5000A 6000A

* = No. 1 ... 8 (see available versions below)


1.3 Available versions

T** -1 2 (Euro card) printed circuit boards for 3U sub-rack mounting.
Dimensions front plates: 128.5 x 50.5 x 160 mm (3U, 10HP)
128.5 x 20.3 x 160 mm (3U,4HP)
Supply voltages: T20, T25, T 40 = 24 V DC
T50 = 32 V DC
T60 = 40 V DC

T**-2 2 (Euro card) printed circuit boards for 6U sub-rack mounting.
Dimensions front plate: 257 x 50.5 x 160 mm (6U, 10HP)
Supply voltages: T20,T25,T40 = 24 V DC
T50 = 32 V DC
T60 = 40 V DC

T**-3 Euro cassette with 2 printed circuit boards for 3U sub-rack mounting
Dimensions front plate: 128.5 x 106.3 x 160 mm (3U, 21HP).
Supply voltages: T20,T25,T40 = 24 V DC
T50 = 32 V DC
T60 = 40 V DC

T**-4 Euro cassette with 2 printed circuit boards for 6U sub-rack mounting
Dimensions front plate: 257 x 70.5 x 160 mm (6U, 14HP).
Supply voltages: T20,T25,T40 = 24 V DC
T50 = 32 V DC
T60 = 40 V DC

T**-5 3 (Euro card ) printed circuit boards for 3U sub-rack mounting.
Dimensions 128.5 x 50.5 x 160 mm (3U, 10HP)
front plates 128.5 x 50.5 x 160 mm (3U,10HP)
128.5 x 20.3 x 160 mm (3U,4HP)
Supply voltage: 115 or 230 V ac (state at ordering)

T**-6 Euro cassette with 3 printed circuit boards for 3U sub-rack mounting
Dimensions front plate: 128.5 x 141 x 160 mm (3U, 28HP).
Supply voltage: 115 or 230 V ac (state at ordering)

T**-7 Euro cassette with 3 printed circuit boards for 6U sub-rack mounting
Dimensions front plate: 257 x 106.3 x 160 mm (6U, 21HP).
Supply voltage: 115 or 230 V ac (state at ordering)

T**-8 Chassis for 19" rack mounting.
Dimensions: 44 x 483 x 250 mm (1U, 19")
Supply voltage: 115 or 230 V ac (state at ordering)

** = T20, T25, T40 etc.








1.4 Applied measuring heads
All measuring heads are built according to customers specification. Please state, at ordering, the rated current for
10V output.

TOPACC type : T20 T25 T40 T50 T60
Model measuring head : B/20 E/25 E/40 E/50 E/60

Model B Model E
Dimensions : Standard 120 h=60mm Dimensions : Standard 220 h=110mm
Optional 145x125x150mm Optional 225x225x180mm
Bore : 45 mm Bore : 60 mm
Weight : 2-3 kg Weight : 10 - 15 kg
Test voltage : Standard 2.5 kV (1 min) Test voltage : Standard 2.5 kV (1 min)
Optional 5 kV (1 min) Optional 5 kV (1 min)


2. INSTALLATION
2.1 Rating plates
Both electronics module as measuring head have a unique rating plate for easy identification. As electronics module
and measuring head together form a measuring system the serial numbers on both components are the same but
have an additional code.









Figure 1 Rating plate electronics module Figure 2 Rating plate measuring head

The electronics module
Version: This indicates the version of the module. The first number indicates the maximum current of the system.
This can be 20-25-40 and 60. A choice of eight different versions is available.
System: This indicates the basic system. The TOPACC 1.0 system has a secondary current of 1A at rated primary
current.
Serial number: The serial number contains much information. It can be divided in four parts:
1. Letter code "M" indicating - (Electronics) Module.
2. Year of manufacturing
3. Letter code indicating the size of the measuring head
4. Manufacturing number
Note: In case printed circuit boards are supplied an extra letter is added to the serial number.
F for Flux compensator - V for Voltage output board - P for Power supply board.

The measuring head
The rating plate on the measuring head has much in common with the one on the electronics module. This is
because they both belong together.
System: Indicating the basic system
I sec. : Indicating the secondary current at rated primary current
I prim. : Indicating the rated primary current. As the measuring heads are build to customer specifications this could
show a value up to 6000 A.
Serial number: Same as for the electronics module however it starts with the letter code H.




Arrow: Indicating the direction of the main current for a positive output voltage. As the TOPACC 1.0 is a bipolar
system there is no objection in choosing the opposite direction however the voltage output will indicate a negative
voltage. P1 and P2 are the IEC markings for the primary circuit.





2.2 General instructions
The measuring head and the electronics module must have the same indication - TOPACC 1.0 - on their rating
plates. The serial numbers preferably should also be the same, however a mix up of measuring heads is possible
supposing the letter code (=size) -in the serial numbers- is the same and Iprim is <4000A. For adjustments to be
made with alternative measuring head see chapter 5.1.5.d.
Do not expose the electronics module and measuring head to heavy shocks or rough handling. Keep them in the
original packing as long as possible.

2.2.1 Electronics module
Place the TOPACC 1.0 in a dry, and dust-free position with good ventilation. Air inlets and outlets must not be
blocked by anything. Heat accumulation inside the electronics module will reduce the accuracy. Sources of heat
below the electronics module should also be avoided for the same reason.

Relative humidity should be kept within 80% (10-40C) for the electronics module. Condensation moisture should be
avoided as it can strongly degrade the specifications.

WARNING! Incorrect supply voltage will damage the electronics. Check
if the indicated supply voltage on the electronics module
corresponds to your power supply voltage.

2.2.2 Measuring head
For thermal reasons the specified permissible over current can last up to 5 minutes per 15 minutes.

External magnetic fields, from any origin, of more than 5 mT around the measuring head should be avoided to
ensure proper operation of the Zero-flux current transformer. For the same reason pay attention to the specified
"radius of bus-bar free volume " (R) for the returning bus current or adjacent high current circuits.

Radius of bus bar free volume
TOPACC version Radius
T20-.. 200 mm
T25-.. 200 mm
T40-.. 250 mm
T50-.. 300 mm
T60-.. 300 mm

WARNING! If primary currents are expected in case of a disconnected
measuring head, short-circuit all connections of it,
otherwise high voltages could be induced in the secondary
and auxiliary windings of the measuring head and cause
damage.

2.3 Mounting
2.3.1 Printed Circuit Boards and Euro cassette
These models have a height of 3U or 6U and can be plugged into a sub-rack system DIN 41494, part 5 and IEC
297, section 3. Preferably mount the printed circuit boards - from left to right as seen at the front - as follows:
1. The Power Supply board (if supplied)
2. The Flux Compensator board
3. The Voltage Output board
The printed circuit boards are fitted with a male F-type connector with the rows "d" and "z" ( DIN 41612). The female
F-type connector counterpart for the Flux Compensator is factory connected to the interconnection cable and can be

screwed directly onto the connector-mounting rail of a 3U or 6U sub-rack system. A female F-type connector for the
Voltage Output board and for the optional Power Supply board is supplied by HOLEC






2.3.2 19" rack-mount chassis
This model comes as an integrated measuring system where Power Supply, Flux Compensator and Voltage Output
are built in. It is only 44 mm high and 260 mm deep. There are no special demands for mounting the chassis. It can
be used as free standing desktop system or can be mounted in a cabinet. It is advisable to support the chassis with
L-brackets when mounted in a cabinet.
For the standard version the interconnection cable at both ends has 15-pole male sub-D connectors. Both
connectors are wired in the same manner.

2.3.3 The measuring head
Depending on the maximum current to be measured, two models are available.
1. Model B for rated primary currents up to 2000 Amp.
See for the dimensions Appendix I - drawing ZF 06.266.02
This model can optionally be equipped with a halogen free, fire retardant polyester housing
2. Model E for rated primary currents from 2000 to 6000 Amp.
See for the dimensions Appendix I - drawing ZF 06.267.02















Figure 3 Cross-section of wound toroidal core assembly

2.4 Electrical connections
2.4.1 Printed Circuit Boards and Euro cassette
See Appendix I - Drawing ZF 06.170.04 , External connections.
This drawing shows the set-up seen from the rear side for the 3U version with the optional HOLEC dual power
supply. The drawing can also be used for the other 3U/6U versions. The female F-type connectors have solder lugs
and can be wired with 0.2-1.0 mm
2
or AWG 24-18 wire.

Power Supply

WARNING! Incorrect supply voltage will damage the electronics. Check
if the indicated supply voltage on the electronics
corresponds to your power supply voltage.

An optional dual power supply can be operated with 50 .. 60 Hz. Depending on what is ordered, the input voltage is
115 V or 230 V (or any other voltage). The output voltage (+Vb, -Vb) depends on the version ordered. An IEC-fuse
(5x20mm) protects the supply transformer. A spare fuse is also located on the circuit board. The "power supply
common" (indicated with "o") and the earth terminal are galvanically isolated but H.F. coupled with a high voltage
ceramic capacitor C5 , mounted on the circuit board. Connect the output of the power supply with the flux
compensator as indicated on the diagram. In case a local or central D.C. power source is used connect it to the
appropriate points of the flux compensator (+Vb, 0V, -Vb).




Status signals
"Output Valid" and "Zero Current" inform about the operational conditions of the TOPACC system. For both a
potential free change-over contact is available. Furthermore "Output Valid" and "Zero Current" have additional
normally open (N.O.) contacts (z10 and z16 resp.) on the flux compensator. Both additional contacts are connected
to common and can be used for extra indication, for example a remote LED.


Measuring head
The cable going to the measuring head is factory connected to the female F-type connector counterpart of the flux
compensator. To prevent for EMI problems, connect d22 or z22 in the shortest way to the earth connection to ensure
a low impedance path for capacitive currents produced by the primary circuit. It is important that the power supply
common has the same earth potential. If for some reason these earth connections are not preferred connect d22
with d20.
Note: For adjustments to be made with alternative measuring heads, see chapter 5.1.5.d

Output Signal
The output signal is available at the voltage output connector. System TOPACC 1.0 is equipped with a 4-wire
voltage output to compensate for voltage loss in the cabling and connectors. Following methods for connecting the
output cable are advisable. The "power supply common" is indicated with "o".

a. To improve the Electro Magnetic Compatibility (E.M.C.) use a cable with two twisted pairs of conductors and a
tightly-woven screen for carrying the output signal. Connect both ends of the screen to an earthing point with short
wires. Preferably use one twisted pair for the Hi and Lo wire and the other pair for the sense wires.

Figure 4 4-wire connection with a dual twisted pair screened cable

b. For short-distance (within the sub-rack) also non-screened dual twisted pairs can be used for signal transport.
c. Also a 2-wire connection (screened or non-screened) is possible. To do so connect d24 and z24 for High and
connect d22 and z22 for Low. Using a 2-wire connection, voltage losses due to the load current will not be
compensated. This leads to an additional ratio error. Furthermore this additional ratio error is very temperature
dependent ( T.C. copper = 0.38 % per C). It is up to the user to determine whether this is acceptable or not with
respect to the demanded accuracy.

WARNING! Do not connect anything to the points d/z10 and d/z12 of the
voltage output board because this will influence the
accuracy dramatically, for these points are the voltage
connections of the high precision burden resistor.

2.4.2 19" rack-mount chassis
See Appendix I - Drawing ZF 06.265.03 , Wiring diagram
Drawing ZF 06.265.04 , External connections

Mains supply connector X1:
The electronics module operates with 50 ... 60 Hz without changing anything. Depending on what is ordered the
supply voltage is 115V or 230V (or any other voltage).




WARNING! Incorrect supply voltage will damage the electronics. Check
if the indicated supply voltage on the electronics module
corresponds to your power supply voltage.



Check the mains rating plate on the rear of the module for the correct mains voltage. The 3-pole IEC mains inlet filter
has a built-in fuse (5x20mm) to protect the supply transformer and contains a spare fuse. Earthing the system is
advisable for personal protection reasons. If the mains supply is not provided with an earth lead (as in some
countries) use the fast-on connection on the rear of the module to earth it separately. Follow the instructions from the
local power company for safeguarding against electrical shocks.

Status signals connector X2:
At this 9-pole female sub-D connector the contacts of two status-relays are available. They signal the status "Output
Valid" and "Zero Current". To ensure a maximum EMI-screening use a metallized or metal connector hood and a
screened multi-core cable. Furthermore two test signals (via series-resistor 10K) and a common are provided.(See
chapter Maintenance)

WARNING! Do not use the test signals at pins 4,5 and 9 at normal
working conditions. See chapter Maintenance.

Figure 5 Status signals connector X2

Measuring head connector X3:
The measuring head cable must be connected to the 15-pole female sub-D connector X3, situated on the
electronics module. Tighten the screws of the connector housing firmly to ensure a good electrical contact and
screening.
Note: For adjustments to be made with alternative measuring heads, see chapter 5.1.5.d

Voltage output connector X4:
The output signal is available at the 9-pole female sub-D connector X4. System TOPACC 1.0 is equipped with a 4-
wire voltage output to compensate for voltage loss in the cabling and connectors. Following methods for connecting
the output cable are advisable. The "power supply common" (indicated with "o") and the metal chassis are
galvanically isolated but H.F.-coupled with a high voltage ceramic capacitor C1 inside the module.

a. To improve the Electro Magnetic Compatibility (E.M.C.) use a cable with two twisted pairs of conductors and a
tightly-woven screen for carrying the output signal. One end of the cable screen is connected to the shell of the
counterpart of X4 and to pin 5. The other end of the cable screen should be connected in a similar way. The screen
must be connected directly to the chassis at the user side. For safety reasons the chassis of the TOPACC must also
be connected to earth. See mains supply connector X1. For a maximum EMI-screening use a metallized or metal
connector hoods. Preferably use one twisted pair for the Hi and Lo wire and the other pair for the sense wires.
Note: If a connection between the power supply common and the chassis of the TOPACC (Pin 2 to 5) is preferred
the user side must have a differential input.




b. Also a 2-wire connection with a single twisted-pair screened cable is possible. To do so connect Pin 1 and Pin 3
for High and connect Pin 2 and Pin 4 for Low. Connect the screen in the same way as in above figure. Using a 2-
wire connection, voltage losses due to the load current will not be compensated. This leads to an additional ratio
error. Further more this additional ratio error is very temperature dependent ( T.C. copper = 0.38 % per C). It is up
to the user to determine whether this is acceptable or not with respect to the demanded accuracy.

Figure 6 4-wire connection with dual pair screened cable

2.4.3 Cable for the measuring head
The cable has to be plugged into the 15-pole female sub-D connector situated on the measuring head. Tighten the
screws of the connector housing firmly, because the static screen of the measuring head has to find electrical
continuity with the cable screen via the connector shells. The hood of the sub-D connector is metallized. The cable is
a 10-core P.V.C insulated with an overall braided tinned copper screen. The core cross section is 0.34 mm
2
. (AWG
22)

Note: See Appendix I for the wiring of the cable.
PCB and Eurocassette versions - Drawing ZF 06.170.04, external connections.
Chassis version - Drawing ZF 06.266.04, connecting cable 19" chassis.

3. VISUAL INDICATIONS
The System TOPACC 1.0 is equipped with several LED indicators for quick survey. They are located in the front
panel of the electronics module. All LED's indicate a "true" situation.

3.1 Power on
This LED indicates the presence of the DC voltage on the printed circuit boards. It has only a simple series resistor
so an under -or over voltage situation is not signalled. The colour of the "Power on" LED is red. The optional dual
output power supply for the Printed Circuit Board and Euro cassette version is equipped with 2 red LED's marked
with "+" and "-".

3.2 Output Valid
It can happen that the primary current reaches such a high level that the secondary current required to maintain the
ampere-turns balance cannot be produced by the power amplifier. The zero-flux condition will be preserved for
primary currents up to about 115% of the rated value. However, if over currents last for too long, the toroids become
saturated and the output voltage no longer bears any relation to the primary current. A detection circuit is therefore
provided which signals this operating condition via a relay and a green LED indicator. At the same time a reset
circuit is activated which enables the TOPACC to restart normal operation as soon as the over current ends.

3.3 Zero current
The bipolar TOPACC is supplied with a zero current detector which is activated when the primary current drops
below 0.1% of the rated value. This condition is signalled via a green LED indicator in the front panel.

The indications "Output Valid" and " Zero-Current" are also available on potential free contacts. See chapter
Electrical Connections and the Block Diagram Analysis.













4. WORKING PRINCIPLE
4.1 General
The principle of measurement is based on obtaining a perfect balance between the magnetic flux generated by the
current in the primary current carrier and that generated by the current in the secondary winding situated in the
measuring head. This balance is known as the condition of zero flux.
Find below the basic diagram of the magnetic integrator. The toroidal core T is placed around the primary current
carrier Np. The toroid is provided with the secondary winding Ns and the auxiliary winding Na. The auxiliary winding is
connected to the input of a high-gain power amplifier which feeds the secondary winding and a burden resistor. Any
change of current in the primary current carrier causes a change of flux through the toroid, which in turn induces a
voltage in the auxiliary winding. This voltage is fed to the power amplifier and the resulting current enters the
secondary winding, where an equal but opposing flux is produced to counteract the original change of flux.
Assuming the amplifier has infinite gain and zero offset, the flux balance effected in the toroid is maintained. The
secondary current is then directly related to the primary current by the turns ratio of the primary winding to the
secondary winding. It is, therefore, a true measure of the primary current.











Figure 7 Basic diagram of magnetic integrator

The magnetic modulator
The magnetic integrator provides the TOPACC Zero-flux current transformer with the necessary bandwidth for
current measurements over an extensive frequency range. On the other hand, in practice, the gain of the power
amplifier cannot be infinite. Thus, due to a change in the primary ampere-turns, it is possible that a voltage will be
induced in the auxiliary winding of the magnetic integrator which the power amplifier cannot completely compensate.
This, in combination with the unavoidable offset of the power amplifier, would lead to an increasing disturbance of
the flux balance (drift). The result is that saturation of the toroid occurs and the measuring system becomes
unstable.
To minimize the effect of drift the TOPACC Zero-flux current transformer is furnished with a magnetic modulator. Part
of this is an extra toroid (T2, additional to T1, see figure below) which is fitted in the measuring head. The auxiliary
winding Na2 wound around toroid T2 is excited by an oscillator with a fixed frequency. The frequency is between 50
an 100 Hz. Higher frequencies would reduce the accuracy of the measurements due to core losses. On top of that
the induction voltages caused by the auxiliary winding Na2 would be unacceptably high.





Figure 8 Simplified circuit diagram of the TOPACC zero-flux current transformer



To compensate for the voltages induced in the primary current carrier and the secondary winding, a third toroid, T3 is
included in the measuring head. The auxiliary winding Na3 around this toroid is wound in the same direction as that
around toroid T2, but it is connected to the oscillator in the opposite way.
The magnetic modulator continuously checks whether the secondary ampere-turns are in balance with the primary.
Through regulation of the secondary current Is the power amplifier prevents imbalance occurring. At the condition of
zero flux the magnetizing current in the auxiliary winding Na2 exhibits half-wave symmetry.

HOLEC uses in the System TOPACC 1.0 a peak detection method to control this symmetry and hence preserve the
ampere-turns balance. This method is to check if the positive and negative peak values of the magnetizing current
are equal. (U.S. patent 4,912,396; European patent applied for). To prevent any hysteresis occurring due to rema-
nent magnetism the magnetizing current in auxiliary winding Na2 is adjusted to saturate toroid T2. This means that
the symmetry of this current can relatively simply be determined. To do this the peak values are compared with each
other using diode rectifiers. When there is symmetry, the
positive and negative peak values are equal.
The average value of the output voltage of the
peak detector is then zero. High sensitivity and
great stability is achieved by selecting well-
matched diode pairs and high-quality toroidal-core
material. To improve these characteristics even
further and, in addition, to obtain optimum
bandwidth, a double peak detector is applied.
Toroid T3 is then used along with toroid T2 for
detection. Due to theoretical considerations, the
bandwidth of the various detection circuits is
limited to an amount which corresponds with the
frequency of the excitation voltage fed to the
auxiliary windings Na2 and Na3. The TOPACC
current transformer combines the wide bandwidth
of the magnetic integrator with the high sensitivity and the great stability of the magnetic modulator. Because the
voltages induced by the auxiliary windings Na2 and Na3 counteract each other, the output voltage of the power
amplifier is wholly available for overcoming the voltage losses of the secondary circuit and for feeding the burden
resistor.

The burden resistor
Extremely high requirements hold for the burden resistor into which the secondary current is fed. After amplification
in the output circuit of the TOPACC Zero-flux current transformer the voltage across this resistor must be suitable to
allow very accurate readings to be made, whether they are ultimately produced in analogue or digital form.
In view of the required measurement precision a four-wire resistor is the best. The power dissipation should be kept
very low, so the voltage drop across the resistor must remain limited. Considering the characteristics of operational
amplifiers that are now available for the output circuit, a voltage drop of 0.5 V is acceptable. Despite the fact that
high-quality resistors can be purchased on the industrial market, for technical reasons, HOLEC much prefers to
make its own for the TOPACC. This type resistor is mounted on the Voltage Output board of the TOPACC 1.0, and
has a nominal value of 0.5 ; so with a nominal current of 1A, the power dissipation is only 0.5 W.
The alloy of the resistance wire has a low
temperature coefficient which, by means of addi-
tional treatment, is reduced to virtually zero at
room temperature. A special coating contributes to
the long-term stability. The resistor is loosely
mounted in a groove of a heat sink and then
bedded in a heat-conducting paste. Prevention of
the conductor being under mechanical strain
avoids unexpected temperature drift. The inductive
voltage loss across the burden resistor is
compensated for by magnetic coupling of the
resistance wire and the branched-off voltage
conductors.

Figure 9 Characteristics of the magnetic mo-
dulator

Figure 10 Construction of burden resistor




This coupling is effected by placing the current and voltage conductors close together in a special way. These
measures enable a bandwidth of 1 MHz to be achieved. To reduce any thermocouple effects which might arise
between the alloy of the resistance wire and the copper of the voltage conductors good thermal coupling is made
between the two voltage pick-offs. The thermal stability of the burden resistor under nominal load conditions is, even
over the long term, ensured without the need of resorting to heating elements, Peltier elements or constant
temperature chambers.

The precision amplifier
The precision amplifier is a very stable differential amplifier which delivers a highly accurate output voltage of 10V
when the secondary current through the burden resistor meets the specified value. To ensure that the amplification
factor remains constant, the most important point is that the temperature coefficients of the four amplifier resistors
are matched (TCR tracking). The offset error is minimized by careful choice of the operational amplifier.
The precision amplifier is fitted with sensing outputs to compensate for voltage losses in the externally connected
conductors upgrading the measurement precision of the TOPACC Zero-flux current transformer. Furthermore,
sensitivity to HF interference is much reduced by capacitive coupling of these outputs.

Particularly with a view to countering thermocouple effects, the burden resistor and precision amplifier are very
carefully arranged on the Voltage Output board of the TOPACC.











































4.2 Block diagram analysis
Figure 11 Block diagram Zero-flux current transformer System TOPACC 1.0












The electronics of the TOPACC 1.0 system consists of two printed circuit boards; the Flux Compensator and the
Voltage Output Board.
The primary rated current is determinated by the number of turns of the secondary winding Ns, which is connected to
the flux compensator. The secondary rated current is always 1 amp. in the TOPACC 1.0 system.
Internal "voltage stabilizers" are feeding the integrated circuits for both printed circuit boards. The "oscillator"
generates a triangular-shaped voltage which has a frequency of 72 Hz. The amplitude can be adjusted with
potentiometer R3, depending on the size of the measuring head. The auxiliary windings Na2 and Na3 are magnetized
in such a way that the cores become saturated. A possible DC-component on the output of the oscillator is blocked
by a series capacitor. With potentiometer R2 the differences in magnetic characteristics can be balanced, resulting
in minimum of induced voltage in both secondary and primary winding.
The signal of the integrator core Na1 and the output signal of the "peak detector" are combined in the "AC-loop".
With potentiometer R1 (on the front panel of the PCB version) the small offset, caused by several electronic
components, can be adjusted. Further more the small remanency of Na2 and Na3, expressing itself as offset, can be
adjusted with potentiometer R1.
The "power amplifier" behaves like a voltage-controlled current source. The current of the power transistors is
limited at approx. 1.3A. The heat sink is coated with aluminium oxide which takes care of the isolation between the
power transistors and the heat sink. Using this method ensures a very effective heat transfer. The heat sink is
electrically connected to "common". The output current is directed, via jumper W1, to the secondary winding Ns in
order to, very precisely, compensate the primary ampere-turns. The current than goes, via the paralleled diodes,
through the "burden resistor" on the voltage output board. On this board we find, besides the HOLEC made
burden resistor, a "precision amplifier" which takes care of the rated output voltage of 10V. The high-precision
resistor/amplifier assembly is factory calibrated for gain, CMR (Common Mode Rejection) and offset. The rough
adjustments, if necessary, were factory made with standard metal film resistors (1%, TC 50 ppm/C). For the gain;
the resistors R11 and R12 (in parallel). For the CMR; the resistors R23 and R24 (in parallel). For the offset; the
resistor R 26.
The fine adjustments were made respectively with potentiometers R1, R2 and R3. Their trimming range is less than
100 ppm.

The above described blocks form the control-loop of the measuring system TOPACC 1.0. More functions are
classified in the above block diagram. They all have supporting functions. The "Excitation Control" detects
malfunction of the oscillator and the saturation of the measuring head. The input signal of the power amplifier V1
stays normally within certain limits. It can happen that these limits are exceeded at following situations: measuring
head not connected, wire cut, saturation of the measuring head, current limit of the power transistors exceeded or
break down of the power transistors. This status is being detected by the "Window Detector".
The two above mentioned functions come together in the block "Output Valid". In the table below the functions are
summarized.

Excitation O.K. ? V1 within window ? LED, relay K1 Output Valid ?
Yes Yes On Yes
Yes No Off No
No Yes Off No
No No Off No

So, when the output is said to be valid the relay K1 is energized or "On". Not included in the table is the loss of +Vb
or -Vb or both. The relay will then be de-energized or "Off".










The block "Zero Current Detector" has a window detector. At a current value below 0.1% of the rated current - at a
frequency between 0 and 0.5 Hz- the relay K2 is activated. The LED indicator lights up. Above a frequency of
approximately 8 Hz, independent from the amplitude of the primary current, the relay stays de-energized.
The "Zero Current Detector" is interlocked with the "Output Valid" relay K1. This is necessary because in the
case of a disconnected measuring head it is impossible to detect whether the primary current is zero or not. This is
summarized in the table below.

Current <0.1%? Output Valid?

LED, relay K2 Zero Current?
Yes Yes On Yes
Yes No Off No
No Yes Off No
No No Off No

Saturation of the measuring head can occur at a power on or at an over current situation. This causes a lack of
information to and from the "Peak Detector". This saturation is detected by the "Excitation Control" and activates
the "Loop Finder". This results in a sweeping of the output current of the power amplifier. At a certain moment there
will occur an ampere-turns encounter between primary and secondary side which enables the "Peak Detector" to
become active again and thereby producing a correct control signal. Shortly after that this situation is monitored by
the "Excitation Control" which de-activates the "Loop Finder". This means that proper operation has been
restored which is signalled via the output valid relay and a LED. Proper operation will be possible as soon as the
primary current has returned to the rated value. This will also be the case when the TOPACC 1.0 is switched on
while the rated primary current is already flowing.

5. MAINTENANCE
5.1 Trouble shooting
5.1.1 Disassembly
To gain access to the printed circuit boards remove the cover of the electronics module (only chassis version) or
slide out the printed circuit boards.

5.1.2 Visual inspection
Troubles sometimes can be located by means of a visual inspection. This may be accomplished by observing the
following symptoms:
a. The accumulation of dirt, dust or moisture. Remove this contamination with low-pressure, clean
dry air or with a soft brush.
b. Scorched or burned parts. Damages of this type are usually caused by other defective
components. Determine the cause of damage before replacing components.

5.1.3 Power Supply
If the LED's are not signalling as expected or when the output signals are conflicting with the input conditions start to
check the power supply. If a Topacc version was supplied with an integrated or optional power supply, check this
circuit first. (Mains cable, fuse, internal connections, bridge rectifier etc.) For the DC-value of the power supply see
chapter 1. This DC-value is also indicated on the printed circuit boards. If a fuse is blown, try to find an explanation
for this event first. The fuse and the spare fuse where specially selected for protecting the toroidal mains
transformer. The current rating and the I
2
t-value of the fuse is indicated on the electronics. The fuse can also be
replaced by a "slow" type fuse, with the indicated current rating.

5.1.4 Test signals connector X2 (Chassis for 19" rack mounting)
At this 9-pole sub-D connector two test signals are available with respect to pin 9 (Common). At pin 5 the
magnetizing current can be measured and at pin 4 the "induced voltage" can be observed. For description and
waveforms see 5.1.5 point d.
Note: Pins 4 and 5 have a series resistor of 10 k.




5.1.5 Flux Compensator Board
For the following tests the use of an extender board is advised, in order to have all connector pins available for
measuring purposes. (F-type connector with the rows d and z.) If not possible leave the board installed and connect
the test leads to the indicated components on the board as described.

* Some signals are available at provided test points : X1 ... X6
* Measure with respect to common: d/z20 or W2 (see drawing ZF 00.639.02)
* Use measuring equipment with an input impedance of at least 1 M.
* If not stated otherwise the Flux Compensator Board, the Voltage Output Board
and the Measuring Head are interconnected and the primary current is Zero.
* Connect a dual power supply with a voltage level as indicated on the label of the
printed circuit board: d/z6 = +Vb, d/z28 = -Vb and d/z20 = common.
* For easy access to the measuring points and components remove the heat sink by
unscrewing two M2.5 screws.

5.1.5.a Insulation test
If a strong heating up of the heat sink is noticed even at zero primary current, it is possible that there is a short-circuit
between the collectors of the power transistors and the heat sink support (=0V). To check this, desolder jumper W2,
short circuit all connector pins and perform an insulation test with 100 Vdc between the soldering points of W2. The
insulation resistance should be more than 10 M.
If needed replace the heat sink support or apply a silicone or mica washer with silicone paste. Solder jumper W2
again.

5.1.5.b Voltage Stabilizers
The "Voltage Stabilizers" should produce +14 0.5V on z8 and -14 0.5V on d8. This can also be measured at the
left side of respectively resistor R78 and R77.

5.1.5.c Zero Current Detector
Putting a small DC-current trough the measuring head can test the Zero Current Detector. Relay K2 will switch over
at a voltage level of approx. -7V at point X5. Be aware of the interlocks of relay K1 and K2 as described under
chapter 4.2.: Block diagram analysis.

5.1.5.d Oscillator and induced voltage
The "oscillator" should generate a triangular-shaped voltage with a frequency of 73 7 Hz. Measure this at point
X6. By adjusting the amplitude of the oscillator with potentiometer R3, the magnetizing current must be set to 1.5
0.2V peak value. Measure at point z32 or at the cathode of V2.


A: Oscillator output 5V/div.




B: Magnetizing current 1V/div.




TB: 5ms/div.




Figure 12 Normal excitation




With potentiometer R2 the "induced voltage" must be adjusted to its minimum peak-value < 0.5 mV * Nsec. (Nsec =
Iprim Isec). The wave-shape depends on the measuring head that is connected and is unpredictable. However it
should be synchronous with the oscillator frequency. Measure at point d/z4 or at the cathode of V7.


When the secondary and primary ampere-turns are not cancelling out (cut wires, defective amplifier etc.) the
magnetizing current will show a different shape. (see figure below). When lifting jumper W1 from the output amplifier,
it is possible that the magnetizing current restores to the shape in the above figure.


A: Oscillator output 5V/div.




B: Magnetizing current 1V/div.




TB: 5ms/div.
Figure 13 Excitation due to saturation

5.1.5.e Peak Detector
The output signal of the "Peak Detector" is shown in the figure below. The output signal is measured in closed-loop
situation (Jumper W1 fitted). The wave-shape depends a lot of the adjustment made for induced voltage, but will be
synchronous with the magnetizing current. Measure at point X2.


A: Magnetizing current 1V/div.




B: Output peak detector 0.1V/div.




TB: 5 ms/div.
Figure 14 Peak detector signals

To check proper operation of the peak detector lift jumper W1 and measure the output voltage at point X2 with a
voltmeter at zero primary current. Requirement: 0 0.1V. Then have a current flow of 50 mA in the direction of the
arrow trough the measuring head. Now the output voltage at point X2 will change about +1V.

5.1.5.f Excitation Control
The "Excitation Control" produces, under normal conditions, an average output signal lower than
-9V. Measure this at point X4 with jumper W1 fitted.







RA: Oscillator output 5V/div.


RB: Zero level for B-trace



B: Excitation control output 5V/div.


TB: 5ms/div.

Figure 15 Excitation control

In case the magnetizing current has a shape like trace B of fig.13, the voltage at point X4 will drop to about zero.

5.1.5.g AC-Loop
The output signal of the "AC-Loop", under normal conditions, is within 0.1V. Measure this at point X3. With
potentiometer R1 the loop-offset must be adjusted within 100 V. Measure the loop-offset between the points d/z24
and d/z26 or across the parallel connection of resistor R81 (221), V23 and V24.

5.1.5.h Power Amplifier
For the normal output signal of the "Power Amplifier" see the description of the induced voltage at the "Oscillator"
section of this chapter. The average level of the output signal should be zero at zero primary current. The quiescent
current of the power transistors can be measured across resistors R48 and R52. This value should be between 2
and 20 mV.

5.1.5.i AC-loop/Amplifier dummy load test
There is a possibility to test the "AC-Loop" in combination with the "Power Amplifier". At the same time other
functions could be tested. To perform this test do following:
a. Disconnect the measuring head
b. If wanted disconnect the Voltage Output Board (Not necessarily needed)
c. Connect a resistor decade box between the points X1 and X3 and adjust to 10 K
d. Connect the oscillator to the input of the AC-Loop: z30 to z2 or the left side of resistor R45 to
the top side of resistor R11. (See drawing ZF 00.639.02)
e. Load the power amplifier with a resistor of 10 (approx. 25W). Connect the resistor between the
points d/z4 and d/z20 or between the cathode of V7 and jumper W2. In case the Voltage Output
Board is installed and should also be tested, connect the 10 resistor between the points d/z4 and
d/z26 or between the cathode of V7 and the anode of V24.

In this way a unity-gain amplifier is made from the AC-Loop which is driven by a resistive loaded power amplifier.
With resistor R3 the triangle-shaped input voltage can be adjusted between 5 and 12V peak value. When the heat
sink has been removed the power amplifier can be loaded
only a short period of time (approx. 1 min.)


RA: Oscillator output at point z30 or left side of
resistor R45, 5V/div.

RB: Output power amplifier at point d/z4 or the
cathode of V7 with a resistor decade box at
10 K, 10V/div.

B: Same as RB, but with decade box at 2 K


TB: 5ms/div.








Figure 16 Test of the power amplifier

Trace RB has flat peaks because of the current limit action of the power amplifier. (Approx. 1.25A)
Trace B is recorded with a 2K resistor between the points X1 and X3 that gives an amplification of 0.2 for the AC-
Loop. The output signal of the power amplifier is inverted because of the AC-Loop.
The distortion of the output signal of trace B is caused by the non-linear transfer-characteristic of the power amplifier.
The amplitude of the output signal depends from the current gain of the power transistors. Because of the current-
source characteristics of the power amplifier, the output voltage will rise - within the limits of the supply voltage -
when the load resistor is increased. The voltage output board, if connected as described above, will show the same
output voltage between Hi and Lo as trace B and RB but with inverted polarity.



The following tests should be performed without a load connected. Disconnect the load or lift jumper W1.
The "Output Valid" relay K1 with its LED will be de-energized by the "Window Detector" when the peak value of
the triangle voltage on point X3 rises to approx. 10V. The peak value can be adjusted with potentiometer R3 or with
the resistor decade box between the points X1 and X3.


A part of the "Loop Finder" could also be tested with the same triangle voltage. The voltage at the bottom side of
resistor R23 will become a square wave when the peak value of the triangle voltage on point X3 rises to approx. 7V.
Below this level the signal at resistor R23 will either be +14V
or -14V. There is also a possibility to test the "Loop-Finder" as it will function in action, i.e. in an over current
situation. To do so, remove the connections described at point c. and d. in the last page. Instead of that connect
point z30 to point d/z20 or the left of resistor R45 to jumper W2. Furthermore connect point z2 to point d/z20 or the
topside of resistor R11 to jumper W2. This will result in a sweeping action of the AC-Loop. Measure this at point X3.
The frequency is not so important but will be around 2Hz.



A: Output of AC-Loop at point X3, 5V/div.




TB: 0.2 s/div.





Figure 17 Test of the Loop-Finder

5.1.6 Voltage Output Board
With the method described under point 5.1.5.i the output of the "Precision Amplifier" can be tested roughly. For
calibration of the Voltage Output Board see chapter 5.3

5.2 Accuracy check
Due to the very good long-term stability of the TOPACC 1.0 it is not necessary to check the accuracy periodically.
Under normal operating conditions the ratio drift and offset drift versus temperature and time will be within
specifications. Nevertheless, if an accuracy check is needed, the following circuits could be used. (For adjustments
see chapter 5.3)

5.2.1 With standard resistor





Figure 18 Accuracy check with a standard resistor




The secondary winding of the measuring head is indicated with Ns. For the primary winding a multicore cable could
be used with connectors at both ends. When putting together these connectors all cores are series connected. The
turns made with this cable should be well divided around the measuring head. The standard 4-wire resistor must
have a proven value and temperature stability. Assuming the TOPACC has a rated current of 1200A, Np must have
120 turns when the standard resistor is 1 . The maximum output voltage (Vout=Vref) depends on the maximum
dissipation allowed for the standard resistor. For lowest thermal voltages the connections from Vref and Vout to the
DC Null-Voltmeter should be made with copper wire.

To measure the offset error, open the primary circuit (Ip=0). To measure the total error produce a current of 1A in the
primary circuit. In the suggested set-up every micro-volt on the DC Null-Voltmeter equals 1 ppm. The ratio error can
be found by subtracting the offset error from the total error.

5.2.2 With reference DCCT
The following figure demonstrates the use of a reference DCCT for an on-site accuracy check. The main current is
applied to one or more turns of both DCCT's. If a DC Null-Voltmeter is used, select the number of turns for Np1 and
Np2 in such a way that Vref and Vout are equal. It is also possible to compare Vref and Vout by means of a high
precision digital ratio meter. In that case there will be more freedom in choosing the number of turns for Np1 and
Np2. Using following circuit (the numbers are only an example) it is possible to easy check the accuracy at rated
current level. When the test is done in a climate chamber it is also possible to check the ratio and offset error versus
temperature. When making a recording of the test it is very useful to make a calibration step of about 10ppm to
indicate the sensitivity on the paper.
Figure 19 Accuracy check with reference DCCT

5.3 Calibration
If calibration of the DCCT is desired, one of the test circuits suggested in the accuracy check description can be
employed. However a special test set-up will be needed for both the Flux Compensator Board and the Voltage
Output Board.






This test set-up must be wired according to drawing
ZF 06.170.04, external connections, in Appendix I. For adjusting the
CRM also, modify the external connections of the Voltage Output
Board according to the following figure.
Use normal silicon rectifier diodes for general purposes with a
current rating of 1A. This circuit produces a common mode voltage
for the Precision Amplifier when jumper W is opened while there is
flowing a secondary current.

Figure 20 Modification of external connections








5.3.1 Procedure for adjusting offset
- Remove the protection labels on the shielding-box of the precision amplifier to get access to
Potentiometers R1,R2 and R3. See drawing ZF 00.641.02 in Appendix I. Do not remove the
shielding-box itself.
- Open the primary circuit to make sure the primary current is zero.
- Connect a DC null-voltmeter directly across the output of the TOPACC 1.0
- Minimize the offset with potentiometer R3. Reverse connections to the null-voltmeter to identify
thermal voltages

Note: Adjusting potentiometer R1 on the Flux Compensator Board for loop offset is described under chapter 5.1.5
"AC-Loop"


5.3.2 Procedure for gain and CMR
- Connect the DC null-voltmeter as indicated in the suggested test circuits of the accuracy check
description.
- Produce a primary current resulting in an output voltage of 1V or 10V depending on the used test
circuit.
- Minimize the reading on the DC null-voltmeter with potentiometer R1 (gain)
- Open jumper W (see fig.20) and minimize again the reading by turning potentiometer R2 (CMR).
- Close jumper W and repeat the adjustment with potentiometers R1 and R2 .
- Check, after the calibration has been completed, if jumper W is firmly placed !
- Stick protecting labels on the holes of the shielding-box

Note: When adjusting gain and CMR take into account both the offset of the unit you are calibrating and the
reference


6. OPTIONS FOR THE SYSTEM TOPACC 1.0
6.1 For all models
- Increased thermal stability

- Longer cable between electronics module and measuring head

- Primary bus bar for the measuring head

- Current output ( 1A rated current) instead of a voltage output. The maximum value of the external
burden resistor is in that case 1.

- Partially magnified reading or a so called "lens type".
As an example: 60 A gives an output voltage of 10V, but the primary current can rise up to 3000A



without saturation of the measuring head taking place.

- Multiple output a: 2 outputs simultaneously available, for example 4000A/10V and
100A/10V
b: One normal output and one low-pass output (i.e. 10h) for example
2000A/10V and one filtered output of 50A/10V with a bandwidth of
10Hz.
This is sometimes used for static-VAR applications to detect DC-currents
in AC-lines.
- Multiple measuring range by means of taps on the secondary winding of the measuring head. Up to
5 taps selectable with a local or remote switch.










6.2 Special for 19" rack-mount chassis
- The taps for a multiple measurement range can be selected jumper settings at the rear side of the
electronics module or with an optional rotary switch in the front panel.
- LCD panel display with an accuracy of 0.1% in the front panel of the electronics module for
monitoring the output signal.
- Test points on the front panel for several internal signals
- 4-terminal output at the front panel for workbench use

7. APPENDIX I DRAWINGS AND PARTS LISTS

7.1 General
Document number
Lay-out flux compensator ZF 639 ZF 00.639.02
Lay-out voltage output ZF 641 ZF 00.641.02
Dimensions measuring head model B. 0...2000A ZF 06.718.02
Dimensions measuring head model E. 2000...6000A ZF 06.267.02

7.2 Printed Circuit Board and Euro cassette additions

External connections ZF 06.170.04
Lay-out dual power supply ZF 646 ZF 00.646.02

7.3 Chassis for 19" rack mounting additions

Connection cable ZF 06.266.04
External connections ZF 06.265.04
Wiring diagram electronics module ZF 06.265.03
Dimensions electronics module ZF 06.265.02
Lay-out monitoring print ZF 644 ZF 00.644.02
Lay-out backplane ZF 643 ZF 00.643.02