Synopsis

1. Abuse or malafides use of power and corruption has been a persistent problem in
public administration and governance. The government has taken various steps in this
regard but this public malady has subsisted.
2. To stop the rampant corruption in public servants, firstly the anti-corruption board
was established and thereafter the State vigilance Commission (SVC) was merged
into the Lokayukta to protect it from the influence of the bureaucracy. The special
police force and Economic offences and Research Wing are active as enforcement
agencies in this regard. Special Courts have been established for seizure of coloured
property and discourse on such agendas.
3. Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir, Jharkhand, Meghalaya,
Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal have already organised State
Vigilance bodies.
4. To adopt a no tolerance policy towards corruption a well-organised internal
vigilance body is needed whose reach is from departmental to district level. There
should be a synergy between these operations and State Vigilance Boards are
required for that. The board should be headed by the Chief Secretary and the directors
should be retired IAS officers of Principal Secretary rank. The board for formalizing a
strategy against corruption must formulate an anti-corruption policy and must make
sure of its proper coordination, implementation and application. The board must focus
its attention on Preventive Vigilance Functions and enforce accountability and
liability. The board must supervise over all departments and public undertakings and
ventures of the state government. It has to submit an annual report to the state
legislature.
5. A vigilance division should be established in every department, head of department
office, public undertakings and local bodies with the creation of a post of a chief
vigilance officer.
6. An organised system for dealing with complaints and departmental inquiries from
governmental departments to district level is required. For dealing with the
abovementioned, apart from the appointed officers, a panel of high-principled,
experienced, diligent retired officers should be used, so that the investigation is
carried out swiftly and the guilty public servant can be punished. For complaints at
departmental level a contact officer(samparkadhikari??) should be appointed. During
the investigation how to make procedural improvements to further avoid such
instances will also be looked into.
7. Departmental probe (vibhaagiyjaanchaayukt??) should also be abolished as it is
redundant.
8. The Chief Technical Examiner and EO(r)W should be brought under the vigilance
board. The EOWs role and structure should be redefined and it should be converted
into a multi-disciplinary probe agency. The offences/class of offences which are
investigated into by the special police force working under the supervision of the
Lokayukta should be taken out of the ambit and jurisdiction of the EOW.
9. It is imperative that working as far as the responsibility of executives whereas there
should be a fear among them about corruption but at the same time they should be
given protection from the enforcement agencies regarding all administrative decisions
taken in good intention. Henceforth it is suggested that to protect the executives from
enforcement agencies a preliminary enquiry report should be taken from the
concerned department. Again public servant should be given opportunities and right
to hearing before the prosecution agency. Permission to prosecution of administrative
officer should be given in consultation with vigilance board and opinion of
administrative departments.
10. Procedural Correction is also very important and it is in advice that with internal
vigilance there should be proper planning to remove corruption, how to conduct
business should be coded, standard procedure code regarding quality, management,
infrastructure, excellence in services, public opinion, satisfaction of client and
evaluation of third party are important ingredients.
Public contact points in department and other state body/ organizations should be
reduced and it should be seen that policy and rule and regulations are made in such a
way that little is left for discretion.
There should be a quality redressal system amendment in public guarantee services
etc.
11. There should be proper analysis regarding existing administrative and financial
powers from department to district level.
12. For effective control and inspection there should be proper checks audit regarding
financial allocations and implementation of program.
13. Use of technology for public utility: Deliverance of effective public utility
government services, right to information, responsibility towards citizens, increase in
expertise and control in finances and corruption can be achieved by automation, e-
governance, public portals, e-courts, e-offices, e-payment, e-measurement, e-auction
is advised at the same time; modern technology should be used and developed to
provide public utility services.
14. Procurement:In the field of production, e-solution should be provided like favouring
e-production, e-tendering, standardized purchase procedures; revision of store
purchase rules, the use of rates of director generals supply and disposal. A systematic
revision of store purchase rules and de-reservation of reserved items and purchase
through open and competitive market.
15. There are 7 important principles of public life
A) Selflessness
B) Integrity
C) Objectivity
D) Accountability
E) Openness
F) Honesty
G) Leadership;
should be integrated in government services.
16. Head of Department and government organization should be held responsible for
prevention of corruption.
17. In sensitive postings and postings where public utilities are provided, compulsory
rotation of officers and employees should be done in apt time frame.
18. Professionally qualified people should be absorbed in the Mantralayaand wherever
felt needed like legal offices and Chartered accountants and MBAs.
19. Professionally qualified people like MBAs and computer professionals and
experienced personnel in particular fields should be absorbed as government servants
to help the secretaries.
20. To improve moral value and integrity among government servants, proper training
and internship should be regularly held and these should be made compulsory.
Comprehensive programs for training and internship should be developed and should
be conducted by all the training institutes of all the departments.
21. To encourage honest employees, various schemes and encouragement policies should
be started.
22. Transparency: Transparent procedures should be adopted in postings, transfers,
promotions, CR, annual accomplishment reports should also include efforts to prevent
corruption.
23. To include moral education at school level and various levels of education to help
their spiritual development.

Chapter-I PREFACE:
1. Corruption: Reasons and Effects:
The government has travelled a long way increasing the standards of marking and
development at the same time governments have been increasingly aware of the
importance of welfare of the public hence public oriented programmes and schemes
regarding public utilities and services are looked into.
There is a general public opinion and there is a truth in it that political and
administrative corruption leads to misuse and bad investment of public funds,
deficient procurement system, weakness in enforcement and regulatory bodies affects
public life.
Government has taken various steps to prevent and control corruption but this public
malady has not been completely removed from the public life. The effects of
corruption are multi-dimensional and society suffers politically, economically,
socially and environmentally.
Continuous corruption in public administration reduces the respect of honest and law.
Studies of different countries have come to the conclusion that for economic growth
and development, law and order is an important factor.
In brief we can say corruption increases the cost of development resulting in
inefficiency, low quality of procurement and services and status quo. It reduces the
recovery of revenue and henceforth affects the budgets of the government.
2. Historical:
In public administration misconduct, abuse of power, corruption etc have always been
an important issue for the govt. More than 2000 years back Kautilyain his economic
treatise Arthashastra has described the political economy of Mauryan Kingdom
regarding corruption he has noted that:
Just as it is impossible to taste honey or poison that one may find at the tip of ones
tongue so it is impossible for one dealing with government funds not to taste, at least
a little bit, of the Kings wealth. (2.9.32)
Just as it is impossible to know when a fish moving in water is drinking it, so it is
impossible to find out when government servants in charge of undertakings
misappropriate money (2.9.33)
3. Noted historian Edward Gibbon when asked after the completion of his book The
decline and fall of Roman empire as to the main reason, his one word reply was:
Corruption.
4. Kautilyaabout good governance has said, In the happiness of his subjects lies the
kings happiness; in their welfare his welfare. He shall not consider a good only that
which pleases him but treat as beneficial to him whatever pleases his subjects.
(1.19.34)
To create a system of government which cannot be corrupted it is very important to
change personal values and moral values and the parameters of society. {elaborate on
dowry}
The effective strategy is to improvise and improve the institutions of good governance
and to improve the integrity and transparency in governance and public life and at the
same time purity in public life are factors which can bring down corruption.
5. Under the constitution of India, to maintain the public system it is important to stop
crimes identified and prosecution of crimes comes under the purview/domain of the
executive.
Hence enforcement agencies are part of executives and they should work under the
supervision of executive.
In present times enforcement agencies have started in many instances questioning the
administrative or policy-making decisions. To question such matters caution should
be used. Any activities and decisions which are prima-facie not done with good
intention or for financial gain should be questioned but at the same time if any
administrative decisions have been taken in context of current policies it should not be
considered as misconduct until and unless there is proof of financial gain on the part
of the executive.
Policy making of government is a multi-level and difficult procedure which is
becoming more difficult day by day. Decisions which looked pragmatic and correct
may become/appear wrong after some time. Hence until and unless there is evidence
of work NOT done in good faith; enforcement agencies should use proper caution,
otherwise public servants decisions which were taken in good faith could always be
questioned later on and there is a fear that the executive will be paralyzed and will be
afraid of taking assertive decisions.
Article 14 of the Constitution of India provides for protection of honest officers and
onus lies on the state government. Hence it is very important that administrative
cadershould be managed and assumed in such a way that the fear of unknown their
decision making qualities are paralyzed/impaired.
6. It is the duty of executives to remove the fear of corruption among the public and at
the same time to remove the fear of criminal prosecution of work done in good faith.
The government and its all 3 branches; legislative, executive, judiciary should follow
the principle of FEAR NOT-FAVOUR NOT.

Chapter-II VIGILANCE ORGANIZATIONS:
1. Present Scenario: In the federal structure of India most of the states are taking active
initiatives to prevent corruption and stop abuse of power and are taking effective
measures to prevent corruption.
Madhya Pradesh established anti-corruption board in 1959 and in 1963 vigilance
commission was incepted drawing parallel inspiration from other states. The state
vigilance commission delegated its powers at district and divisional levels with
appointments of district vigilance offices.
2. In 1981 state government of MP established office of Lokayukta** according to the
MP Lokayukta and Up-Lokayukta Adhiniyam, 1981 and a special police
establishment was created under lokayukta as an investigating agency whose primary
duty was to investigate matters of corruption and abuse of power by public servants,
under directions from the lokayukta.
3. Under the section 16 of the lokayukta act, the lokayukta can make and give
suggestions to the government to check corruption;
Lokayukta to make suggestions: The Lokayukta, if in the discharge of his
functions under this Act, notices a practice or procedure which in his opinion
affords an opportunity for corruption or maladministration, he may bring to
the notice of the government and may suggest such improvement in the said
practice or procedure as he may deem fit.

4. Under the Special Police Establishment Act, 1947; SPE was established in 1959 in
MP and was considered to be the first investigative agencies against corruption. After
Lokayukta Act, 1981, SPE was brought under the office of the Lokayukta.
5. Economic Offences Wing:It was felt that to investigate certain special white collar
crimes against society for which the regular police is not equipped like economic
offences, fraud involving large public funds, concealment of wealth by public
servants and evasion of government taxes and dues etc., a special organization was
needed under the state government , hence the EOW was established in 1977* and in
1988* the organization was empowered to make inquiries under the Prevention of
Corruption Act, 1988.
6. Although special courts were provided for speedy trials in corruption cases but it was
felt that some loopholes and lacunae are present in the judicial system, hence under
MP Special Courts Act, 2011, special courts were established in all districts which
will only look into the matter of corruption and economic offences for speedy hearing
and seizure of properties of corrupt public servants.
7. Vigilance in other states:Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Gujarat, Jammu & Kashmir,
Jharkhand, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Sikkim, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal are the states
which have established state vigilance commission under acts passed by their
legislatures.
Andhra, Gujarat and West Bengal have the parallel facilities of state vigilance
commission and Lokayukta organizations.
8. With the recent spurt of development activities by all the state government,
consequently expansion in infrastructure and employees, it has been strong feeling in
the administrative circles that to strongly follow the rule of zero-tolerance in the
matter of corruption and that hence there is a need of state vigilance board.
It is better to clean our house ourselves. Vigilance is an important ingredient of
management. The aim of vigilance is not to wait for mistakes and failures and doing
mortems. Preventive vigilance is also important like punitive vigilance.
Under the Prevention Of Corruption Act, 1988 crimes committed by public servants
are prosecuted by enforcement agencies under CrPC, 1973 if there is enough evidence
to be prosecuted.
At many times it has been felt public servants in the course of their duties omit/
commit mistakes and irregularities which warrant departmental action. Public Utility
services are affected due to the above situation and though it doesnt come under the
purview of CrPC, 1973, but requires some action against the delinquent employee.
There is no independent authority under the state government to vigil these type of
activities of public servants. Officers posted in the same departments are making
inquiries. They are not properly r\trained/ conditioned to conduct inquiries against
their colleagues and subordinates. Thus it has been felt that there is a need of an
internal vigilance system which exists from departmental to district level.
Second Administrative Reforms Commission** has in their 44
th
report clearly stated
that the existing system in state government needs to be reviewed, so corruption at
lower level is effectively curbed and at the same time corruption at higher level can be
stopped only by a system which has power and speciality to enquire against higher
authorities.
It has been felt that to make office of Lokayukta effective, these offences by public
servants cannot be looked into by the Lokayukta with the present infrastructure.
Hence like central vigilance commission, every state should have SVC
then the office of Lokayukta will be free to look into the big matters
quickly and effectively.
State vigilance board can effectively prevent and curb minor and petty offences and at
the same time give advice for good governance and create synergy in all the activities
of state government and all other enforcement agencies to prevent corruption.
9. To establish a policy of no tolerance and anti-corruption strategy should be developed
and maintained and reviewed regularly in which the state vigilance board can advise
and execute in the following areas:
i) To curb the source of corruption and take preventive measures to remove such
sources of corruption
ii) To identify the areas of corruption, to find cases of corruption, to inquire and
to make sure departmental inquiries are done effectively
iii) To stop acquiring of illicit properties by means of corruption and to give
effective actions to stop the enjoyment of such properties
iv) To effectively implement laws to prevent corruption
v) To empower legal and regulatory bodies
vi) To create accountability and to create credibility of enforcement agencies
vii) To find and remove loopholes and lacunae in systems and procedures
viii) To create public awareness regarding no-tolerance policies of the government
ix) To expand and propagate the laws and rules and regulations of Prevention of
Corruption Act
10. Head of the Vigilance board would be the the Chief Secretary and it should be free
and self-sustaining.
11. There should be an independent secretaries of the state vigilance board of which a
senior administrative officer can be posted as chief vigilance commissioner and
sufficient staff should be provided to them.
12. The administrative department of vigilance board will be general administrative
department of state government but the vigilance board will be an independent entity.
13. The authority of state vigilance board will be over all the employees of government
All India Services, State Government, organization of state government.
14. The responsibilities of vigilance board will be as following:
a) To create policies regarding i-corruption, to implement and maintain them
b) To advise state government and its organization regarding prevention of
corruption
c) To supervise the internal vigilance system of state government departments its
public undertakings etc.
d) To interact with internal vigilance officers in state organizations and undertakings
e) To oversee the vigilance functions which are done by the government officers and
fixing the responsibilities
f) To inquire against employees and officers of All India services and employees of
state government and their organization
g) To conduct an inquiry against all the transactions and agreements done by the
employees and officers of All India Services and state government employees
where there is prima facie evidence
h) To send reports to controlling officers with their advices
i) To advice in all cases when a department has decide to close the cases of
corruption
j) To advice state government in matters regarding cases registered against public
servants and the Lokayukta and the Economic Offences Wing.
k) To report all the activities in their annual report,which should be tabled in the
VidhanSabha.
15. Creation of Vigilance Division
In every department or organization there are financial, personal, commercial,
technical divisions but there is a lack of vigilance division. Vigilance is an important
ingredient of management and it is necessary to create vigilance divisions.
16. All vigilance divisions of every department should have a chief vigilance officer of
senior cadre. Similarly all government organizations and local bodies and
organization controlled by banking government sectors should create vigilance
divisions. Central vigilance officer should be supported by staff and other facilities.
17. Central Vigilance Officer will advise the Head of Department or the Chief executive
officer regarding corruption and also be responsible to enforce vigilance policies i.e.
preventive and punitive vigilance and most importantly surveillance and detection.
His main duties are to find corrupt practices and to gather information about the same
in the department. To inquire about complaints and to present reports to competent
authorities. To give advice to state vigilance boards.
18. The vigilance board should keep appraisal reports of all vigilance officers and special
review should be done regarding their contribution in prevention of corruption.
19. Similarly at every commissioner and collector level or district or division levels,
vigilance officers post should be created and their duties and responsibilities are
above-mentioned.
20. Nodal officers should be provided to all vigilance officers to handle the complaints
and keep the records.
21. Empanelment of retired experienced officers at department-commissioner-collector
level should be done to conduct speedy inquiries in matter of corruption and facilities
and effective protection should be provided to them.
A time frame should be made in each type of inquiries and in cases where inquiries
are not done in given time, review of senior officials and provisions of interim reports
should be applied.
22. While conducting inquiries not only the matter of corruption should be required but
due care should be taken to find loopholes and lacunae in the procedures and how it
can be removed should be mentioned in the reports.
23. The existing organization of Chief Technical Examiner should be reviewed and
restructured and should be brought under the state vigilance board. The office of
Chief Technical Examiner should be responsible for quality control and vigilance in
the matters of all kind of constructions and procurement.
24. Under the prevention of corruption act, 1988**, cases against public servants are
inquired by Special Police Establishment of Lokayukta and the Economic Offences
Wing. State vigilance boards should be excluded from such powers to avoid conflicts.
25. Economic offences i.e. fraud, cheating etc which are defined in Indian Contract Act,
1972** are spreading widely in society and it has become a subject of great concern.
As in India economic development is becoming faster; economic offences are also
increasing and it can become disastrous for national economy and for the public. The
economic offences like tax fraud, fraud, vitiating share market, false accounts, bank
frauds, smuggling, money laundering, insider trading and bribery.
2
nd
Administrative Reforms commission** has described serious economic offences
as:
Offences which involve a worth of more than 10 crore Rs.
Offences which create panic in the general public (share and chit fund fraud).
Offences in which market shares or banks are involved.
Offences which involve international dimensions
Offences in which law, finance and investment are involved together so that
special skills are needed to inquire Sahara Case**.
Offences in which Central government controllers and banks and financial
institutions feel cheated.
Hence Economic Offences Wing should be restructured in such a manner in which
serious fraud are inquired and it should be developed in such a way that it can work
effectively as a multidisciplinary agency and it should be brought under state
vigilance board.
The chief executive officer of the Economic offences Wing should be a person who
has an expertise in commercial, financial activities and enforcement agencies. To
convert the Economic offences Wing to a multidisciplinary agency, specialists in
finance, accounting, taxation, legal, research company laws, information technology
etc should be included.
Any government employee who is involved in these type of offences should be
seriously dealt according to law.
26. DEPARTMENTAL INQUIRIES:
In every department chief vigilance officer should be entrusted with the work of
departmental inquiries and similarly all the organization of government, its
undertakings, the commissioner office and the district office. And a time period of
one year should be fixed to conduct the inquiry bringing it to logical conclusions and
punitive actions.
27. The chief aim of vigilance activities is to improve the management and skill
development rather than decreasing it. Taking risks in decision making should be
encouraged in government sector. The economic losses of an organization alone
cannot be concluded as corruption and matter of inquiry but the intention of the public
servant should also be carefully examined that within the limits of rules, regulations
and policies of government and the present conditions and scenarios of society and
market should also be looked into soybean oil federation.
Day by day, in public sector and undertakings it has become a professional hazard to
take business decisions which can be questioned or inquired into later on and it has
general perception among officers that enforcement agencies have no expertise in
these fields so they interpret these decisions wrongly and hence it has been felt that
honest officers should be protected in these types of cases. There are multilevel
pressures on officers from higher ups, subordinates, competitors, and people outside
who are aggrieved with such decisions and resort to making complaints. Thats why
the confidence of an honest officer has over the years deteriorated resulting in lack of
creativity and hence it is more important in such cases where enforcement agencies
are determined to prosecute; prior permission is necessary**.

Chapter 3: Improvement in procedures of
administrative system
1. Enforcement alone is not the remedy to curb and control the corruption because
corruption breeds from the lacunae and loopholes in procedure, weak administration,
lack of integrity, lack of transparency, unbridled power without accountability and
lack of redressal system
The 2 main reasons of corruption in government planning , policies, projects, schemes
and public utility services are:
a. Crumbling under outside pressures
b. Active conspiracy
To control corruption a pragmatic approach, efficient leadership and planning is an
essential part but the quantum of corruption in present times is very large and the
weakness of system and difficult government procedures and practices make it very
difficult for common people to enjoy the system. Hence it is very important to
improve the system and work procedures at a large scale. Organization policies,
directives and procedures are dynamic instruments of any organization and its
efficiency should be reviewed from time to time.
Lack of rules and regulations in work procedures of any organization and lack of
review in the existing procedures creates chances for corruption.
The activities of the government and their classification is so large that to have a
systematic reform there is a deep need to study every component but still the general
principles can be applied in the government organization.
2. Every department and organization should in consultation with stake holders, make
anti-corruption plans and publish it. In the plan all the avenues of corruption should
be identified and the reasons behind it should also be demarked to stop the
opportunities of corruption.
Punitive actions should be strictly followed and a redressal system should be followed
and adhered to in all government departments and organizations. Every department
should have their own general working code and work manual and whenever there are
existing manuals they should be reviewed from time to time.
** Such codes should be summarily prepared and all the words which have the
slightest connotation of discretion should be removed.
3. Standard Operating Process [SOP]
Every department should have an SOP which should be published to ensure quick and
transparent decisions and use of information technology should be maximised.
4. The process and procedures of all permissions, licences and registrations were written
centuries back which are very difficult for the understanding of a common man hence
it is important to review such procedures and to remove them if necessary to make
procedures non-obsolete.
Hence all departments should review the existing procedures and make it transparent,
create new policies, protocols and redressal system and to remove difficult rules and
procedures and to ensure that they are responsive to the public.
Procedures should be easy and such that they can be understood by the public and the
contact points with the public servant should be reduced to a minimum taking help of
information technology.
There should be a time frame in every step of the procedure; responsibilities should be
affixed and punitive actions should be applied for delaying public utility services. The
time frame should be pragmatic so that the public servant is also not overloaded with
consequence on the quality of the service.
5. Discretionary powers should be reduced and controlled whenever there is allocation
of such power in a public servant and chances of corruption have also increased at all
levels. Hence such powers should be reduced and a transparent system should be
introduced with emphasis on accountability of the public servant.
All the departments, government organizations, and offices which are directly dealing
with the people and public utility services should be reviewed and to reduce all
discretionary powers more emphasis should be on Information Technology so that the
chances of corruption are reduced.
Whenever it has been felt that discretionary powers cannot be reduced; well defined
Directive principles should be applied so that discretionary powers do not become
indiscretions or injudiciousness.
All important decisions and financial decisions should be made by a committee.
6. All departments should start urgent delivery systems (Tatkal) in public utility
services. All these services should be identified and rendered to the public with a
nominal fee. This can be reviewed after sometime and expanded accordingly.
7. Quality management framework should be prepared in public utility services delivery
system. A set procedure should be developed in government to give and provide and
receive qualitative standards in goods, works, services etc.
8. In public utility services and public delivery system the vote of intermediaries and
intermediate organizations should be marginalized.
9. Those departments which are dealing with public services should take following steps
to achieve success:
a. Service should be defined and the recipient or the beneficiaries of the service
should be identified
b. Every service should be standardized
c. Develop the efficiency to achieve the standards
d. To execute and to achieve the standards
e. To review, evaluate and redressal of this system
10. A survey should be done in identified public utility services as a pilot project to know
the public perception and to review them to fill the loopholes so that chances of
corruption are completely wiped out.
11. Evaluation of all public utility services and expenditure schemes by third party
organizations at regular intervals to review and assess accordingly in the reports.
12. Complaint redressal system should be developed. Complaint is the only alternative
one can seek for his grievances. It has been found that proper attention has not been
given to public redressal systems and generally the complaints land on the tables of
those officers against whom the complaints have been made. Improper response is
hence given to the complainants and often it takes months to even get an
acknowledgement of the complaints. Until and unless a redressal system is properly
developed and complaints are disposed of quickly, corruption will prevail.
13. The complaint should be disposed of within a definite time period. The aim and
intention of all redressal systems should be to dispose of the complaints quickly. The
aim of the redressal system should be that there should be a proper and quick response
to the complainant.
Evaluation of the public redressal system should be focused on 3 issues:-
a. How the complaint has been received
b. How it has been disposed
c. How to prevent further complaints
Complaints give important feedback regarding the quality of the service provider and
if it is found that a particular service provider and if it is found that a particular
department or organization has many complaints; they should be analysed and it
should be see whether it is due to the service provider or the rules, regulations and
processes.
An online complaint redressal system should be developed in all government
and state organizations and if possible they should be done by outsourcing.
All the accounts of government departments where public transactions are
done should be audited by external agencies.
All the complaints should be addressed and if found true accountability should
be affixed and accordingly punished.
The complaint should be reviewed and corrective measures should be taken.
14. A helpline should be created at the highest level; say Chief Ministerial level, where a
citizen can ask for a demand, service, information or it can be used to inform about a
problem, complaint, matter of corruption and to suggest ideas. In complaints of
corruption, the identity of the complainant should be kept a secret and protected.
15. Review and amendments in public service guarantee act, 2010 is necessary from time
to time. This act has been held as a path breaking measure to prevent corruption. The
procedure and process in public service guarantee act should be such that there is
enough confidence building between citizens and the government. It is a two-way
procedure where as any information given by the citizen should be considered true
until and unless proven wrong. And the government should also ensure speedy
delivery of public utility service.
The Madhya Pradesh government has declared many** public utility services under
this act which are:
Public utility services should be given on the basis of application and affidavit alone
whereas prior enquiry system before delivery can be changed to post-delivery enquiry
so that quick delivery is ensured. And wherein after the enquiry it has been found that
a citizen or client has taken/used public utility service by providing false documents
or wrong information the services should be withdrawn and at the same time
prosecution of the claimant should be initiated.
16. At the same time the process of providing sworn-in affidavits should be discouraged
and instead self-certified documents and applications should be encouraged.
17. The Madhya Pradesh government has declared many** public utility services under
this act which are provided as under the Public Service Management Act under which
101 services of 21 departments are now under the purview of this act of which 47 are
online.
18. All the public services, all the infrastructure, standards and the processes of the public
utility services should be advertised widely in the public and the forms and documents
should be in easy and simple language so that the common man can comprehend it.
19. In the administrative system of decision making there are many layers and levels
which delays the process and causes corruption. Wherever there are cases of misuse
of powers in the system, government administration adds one more level in the hope
to prevent corruption but after some time it becomes one more step to corruption.
Such activities should be stopped.
20. Delegation of power is an important process in organization which is essential in the
organization is expanding. Delegation of power means** responsibility and
accountability are delegated by higher to lower authorities. The positive aspect of
delegation is that it lessens the burden of unimportant routines and works of higher
authorities so they can concentrate on important and challenging issues.
Delegation improves the quality and efficiency of organization. It motivates the
subordinate staff and creates an effective team. In the present expanding activities of
the government, it is important that the nearest man posted** should have effective
administration and financial power.
21. Hence for good governance following recommendations are been forwarded:
a. Decentralization and delegation of the administrative and financial powers to the
lowest level possible
b. Effective control and supervision on the subordinate staff
c. At the government level only review and appeals should be entertained and they
should restrict themselves to policy making and providing directives to the public
servants
22. Sudden & surprise inspections by the supervising officers should be made on public
offices; especially those offices which deal with the public directly and audits of these
offices should be carried out regularly.
23. Administrative sanction of large amounts (upwards of 10 crores) should be
specifically checked and at least a test-check of its 10% should be done.
24. Wherever the audit team finds some financial irregularities it should be brought to the
notice of higher ups.


Chapter4 :Use of Information Technology
0. The fundamental of an efficient and good governance are easy delivery system of
Public Utility Systems, reach of common to information, responsibility towards the
public, efficiency, economy, prevention of corruption and the information and
communication technology which can ensure that all these departmental activities at
the highest level are carried out.
If Information Technology is properly used then governmental processes can be more
transparent and useful and can prevent corruption.
Information Technology cannot in itself prevent corruption but it will be much better
for public welfare that we reorganize our current processes and procedures according
to computers and their related technologies.
By automation and e-governance we can improve the results in Public Utility Services
and prevention of corruption only if we do the institutional reforms side by side. E-
governance can be an important too and technology to improve governance. Lack of
infrastructure and employees can be a big hurdle in e-governance.
1. All departmental and government organizations should make a plan regarding
Information Technology and utilize it in all those areas where corruption is prevalent
and also to ensure efficiency, economy, speed, transparency and accountability. All
the government procedures and processes should be re-engineered.
2. All the information of a department like administrative policies, rules, processes,
achievements, budgets, expenditure and other government documents should be made
available in a public domain in a website. There should be a public redressal system
and monitoring and reporting systems on such websites.
3. Except those data which are sensitive and prohibited by some act, all other data
should be made available on public domains so that it is easily accessible to the
general public.
4. All the data of departmental and governmental organizations should be kept under
Aadhar databases; i.e. SRDH- State Resident Data Hubs**. All different databases
should be seeded with the Aadhar database.
5. All the Public Utility Services should be provided by electronic medium across the
counter, online services, services on phones and mobiles.
Under the Public Service Guarantee Act, 2010** it has been clearly stated that manual
services should be avoided and gradually prohibited and everything should be
provided electronically.
6. In Madhya Pradesh, Social service and Welfare department has developed such a
portal in which all beneficiary schemes like pensions, scholarships, medical services
are made available and it has been ensured that applications are made only once and
once the information of citizens is verified, there is no further need to verify it in other
schemes.
All beneficiaries will get paid in their bank accounts directly from the treasuries and
all the details of beneficiaries regarding the benefits received should also be in the
portal ensuring timely payment[Department of Social Justice, MP**]. Other
departments of Public Utility Services should also follow these steps to prevent
corruption and misuse of power.
7. Establishment of e-courts in civil, revenue, all tribunals, commissions and all the
orders should be made available on e-portals.
8. All the government related transactions of financial and administrative nature should
be made available on the domains.
9. All the professional transactions of the government should use e-technology and all
the parties involved in the transactions should have easy access to know and find out
the processing stages.
10. All the governmental offices should be gradually transferred to e-offices like e-
tendering, e-measurement, e-payment, e-auctions etc.
11. All the payments, receipts, refunds of money should be carried out vai e-
modes/payments through banks and treasuries.
12. All the Public Utility Service documents, licences, certificates, revenue records and
maps should be provided by e-services and these procedures should be simplified in
such a way that it can be used by common citizens easily. Public Utility Service
Centres should be created in the remotest and furthest of areas to help and aid the
public.

Chapter 5: Procurement
0. All the departments of the government agencies, governmental organizations, local
bodies etc. regularly procure items for their and the publics use. It is very important
while procuring to ensure transparency, unbiased and fair methods.
1. I NTEGRI TY PACT: It is an important vigilance tool propounded by Transparency
International which the Central Vigilance Commission has found useful. The CVC
has issued a standard operating procedure [SOP] in accordance with the integrity pact.
Integrity pact is based on the perception that all vendors, tenders, purchasers etc. will
conform to it and that during any transaction there will be no corruption and neither
will they adopt or practice any corrupt practices, methods or means to influence the
agreement or the contract.
Though in India it has not been made compulsory or adopted by any government
agencies as of yet. But once adopted by any governmental organization it will have to
follow from pre-British stage to the end to post-contract stage. There will be
provisions for external monitoring to ensure transparency and corruption free
contracting.
Oil and Natural Gas commission is the foremost to adopt this pact and is signatory to
an MoU with Transparency International and CVC. Similarly Power Grid Corporation
and Indian Oil Corporation have also signed such MoU.
Hence it is very important that even in private sectors where the contracts are of huge
amounts such pacts should be followed.
2. E-Procurement and E-Tendering should be encouraged.
3. A standard purchase procedure should be created and followed by all governmental
departments and agencies.
4. Store Purchases Rules** should be reviewed and obsolete rules should be
systematically changed with new rules. In all store purchases Director Generals
Supply & Disposal** rates should be used.
5. Reservation policies in store purchases systems should be reviewed in certain cases to
encourage certain sectors like handlooms and leather goods. At present the
government has reserved some specific organizations and it is common knowledge
that they produce lower quality material and sell it at higher rates and because of these
reservation policies, government servants are forced to buy cheap quality goods at
higher rates. Hence these types of policies should be discouraged.[Bunkar Leather**]
6. There should be a rule book for procurement of services in which the procedure of
procuring services or providing it to the public should be provided.

Chapter 6: Human Resources
1. The most important factor in a corruption free society is its human resources.
In England the Nolan Committee** has made conduct rules for parliamentarians,
ministers and civil servants because they felt that in public life it is very important
that standards of high conduct should be maintained.
Nolan Committee has propounded 7 principles of good conduct in public life which
can improve the confidence of the public in the government:-
a. Selflessness: People in public offices when decide something for public interest
they so do so selflessly without looking into the interest of their families, friends
and relatives.
b. Integrity: One who is in public office should not be involved financially by choice
or force with outsiders, which might influence government decisions.
c. Objectivity: One who is in public office should work objectively and while
rewarding or punishing should always look into the merits of the issue and decide
accordingly.
d. Accountability: One who I in public office should be accountable to the public
and should be open to an kind of inquiry into is public dealings.
e. Openness: Public Servants should work transparently and all his decisions should
include reasons. He should provide all information about his decisions and
dealings until and unless it is not in public interest.
f. Honesty: One who is in public office should impart is office duties honestly and
declare his self-interest in any issues before hand.
g. Leadership: A public servant should by his own leadership set an example by
following the above mentioned principles.
2. It is the primary responsibility of the head of the department or the government
agency to prevent and control corruption. He should be held accountable.
**It is very important and should be emphasised that outer management of corruption
can control it but it is very easy if people sitting in higher posts can easily control it.
Higher posts on the inside should control corruption rather than outsiders reporting it.
Hence random inspection (spot inspections), live contact with citizens and clients and
other such procedures should be adopted that it becomes difficult to take bribes.
3. In departments there is no avenue for direct appointments at upper scale officers than
Asst. Grade III and it will take another 25 year before he becomes a section officer
resulting in lack of academic quality. It will be suitable if rank of section officers is
directly appointed in the ministries by competitive exams so that efficient and
energetic, professionally trained and qualified people are appointed who help
secretaries to implement and communicate government policies.
At present the post of section officers and under-secretaries are filled by promotions
from Assistant Grade III after 25-30 years of service. Though they have the
experience but they dont have the will or the energy to work since most of them are
at the age of retirement.
Professionally qualified like MBAs computer literates, etc. should be encouraged in
Class-II government services.
4. Jobs which are related to public/sensitive postings should be transferred compulsorily
in 3 years. People posted in fields and active services should be mandatorily
transferred in every 3 years. Sensitive postings are those where there are chances of
corruption.
5. Trainings, orientations, encouragement programmes are essential ingredient of good
governance and they should be included in the process of the government. Orientation
programmes should be carried out for public servants to instil morals, integrity,
honesty etc. Public servants should be given proper training to improve their
knowledge regarding job related issues and they should be sent to organizations of
private sectors to learn proper planning and implementation of policies.
The training of government officers should be of national and international level with
proper tie-ups with those training institutions. Training and orientation programmes
should be made compulsory.
6. Honest officers should be encouraged in activities. All the departments should prepare
their motivational policies according to their plans, projects and schemes.
7. Transparent policies should be adopted in postings, transfers, promotions and
character role. The present system of seniority cum merit is affecting the quality of
government services and it should be reviewed and merit-cum-seniority should be
adopted for promotions. **
All governmental employees should be made computer-literate and when being
promoted to the next cadre they should be given proper training. A training module
should also be prepared.
8. In the annual appraisal report there should be a column in which the concerning
officer should include details of measures taken to prevent corruption and the
reporting officer should evaluate and comment.
9. For effective management it is necessary that unnecessary posts should be abolished
and professionals should be encouraged to join the government services.
10. The governmental infrastructures of officers should be improved and modernization
of offices should be carried out so that work environment is better.