Experiment 3.

1 - Inverter Amplifier

Objectives:

The operational amplifier.
Constructing an inverter amplifier.
Measuring amplifier parameters.

Equipment required:

Analog trainer
Power supply
A multitester
Jumper wires
LM358 or 741
Resistors: 2 x 1K, 4.7K, 10K

Procedure:

Step 1: Connect the analog trainer to the power supply and the power supply to the
Mains.

Inverting Amplifier:

Step 2: Implement the following circuit:
















Circuit for single voltage power supply:






+12V
-12V
V
o

V
i

10K
4.7K
+
-


















Step 3: Connect V
i
to the variable voltage source, change the input voltage V
i
, measure
the output voltage V
o
and fill in the following table.

31 31 33 31 9 8 7 6 5 4 1 1 3 No.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 V
i

V
o


A
V



Step 4: Plot your results on the following graph.











Step 5: Connect the V
i
terminal of the operational amplifier to the OUT output terminal
of the function generator. Adjust the function generator to 1Vp-p 1KHz sine
wave.

Note:

The TPS-3371 trainer does not include a power supply for negative voltage. The
experiments can be performed with a single voltage power supply. In this case, the V
input is connected to the GND and the non-inverter input is connected to the voltage
divider with two equals resistors of the power supply voltage.

Step 6: Connect the scope probe CH1 to the oscillator output and the CH2 probe to the
amplifier output.

V
o

V
i

+12V
V
o

V
i

10K
4.7K
+
-
+12V
1K
1K


Step 7: Plot the scope picture on the following graph:










Step 8: What is the phase shift between the signals?

Step 9: Implement the following circuit:
















Circuit for single voltage power supply:

















Step 10: Connect the function generator output as V
S
.
t
VCH1
t
VCH1
+12V
-12V
V
o

V
S

10K
4.7K
+
-
1K
R
S

R
2

Vi
+12V
V
o

+
-
+12V
1K
1K
V
S

4.7K 1K
R
S
R
1

10K
R
2

Vi



Step 11: Measure the voltages V
C
(V
o
), V
RS
and V
i
, with AC voltmeter.

Step 12: Connect a 1K resistor between V
o
and ground. This resistor acts as R
L
.

Measure V
L
.

Step 13: Calculate and record the A
V
, A
I
, R
i
, R
o
according to your measurements and to
paragraph 3.1.4.

Experiment report:

1) Write the name of each experiment and draw below the electronic circuit.

For each circuit include the experiment measurements, results and graphs.

2) Compare between the preliminary questions and the examples with the measurement
results.


Experiment 3.2 - Non Inverter & Follower
Amplifier

Objectives:

Constructing and measuring a comparator amplifier.
Constructing and measuring a non inverter amplifier.

Equipment required:

Analog trainer
Power supply
A multitester
An oscilloscope or PC with SESCOPE
Jumper wires
LM358 or 741
Resistors: 1K, 4.7K, 10K

Procedure:

Step 1: Connect the analog trainer to the power supply and the power supply to the
Mains.

Non Inverting Amplifier:

Step 2: Implement the following circuit:


















Step 3: Connect V
i
to the variable voltage source, change the input voltage V
i
, measure
the output voltage V
o
and fill in the following table.

V
i

V
o

+
-
R
1
10K
R
2

4.7K
+12V
-12V


31 31 33 31 9 8 7 6 5 4 1 1 3 No.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 V
i

V
o

A
V


Step 4: Plot your results on the following graph.











Step 5: Supply 6V to V
i
input.

Step 6: Measure the voltage on R
2
(4.7K) and calculate its current.

Step 7: Change R
2
to 1K.
Step 8: Measure the voltage on R
2
and calculate its current.

Does changing R
2
value affects its current?

Step 9: Change V
i
voltage to 3V.

Step 10: Measure the voltage on R
2
and calculate its current.

Step 11: Draw your conclusions.

Step 12: Connect the V
i
terminal of the operational amplifier to the output terminal of the
function generator. Adjust the function generator to 2Vp-p 1KHz sine wave.

Step 13: Connect the scope probe CH1 to the oscillator output and the CH2 probe to the
amplifier output. Adjust the oscillator potentiometers until you form smooth
sinusoidal waves on both channels.

Step 14: Plot the scope picture on the following graph:






V
o

V
i

t
VCH1
t
VCH1







Step 15: What is the phase shift between the signals?


Step 16: Implement the following circuit:


















Step 17: Connect the function generator output as V
S
.

Step 18: Measure the voltages V
C
(V
o
), V
RS
and V
i
, with AC voltmeter.

Step 19: Connect a 1K resistor between V
o
and ground. This resistor acts as R
L
.

Measure V
L
.

Step 20: Calculate and record the A
V
, A
I
, R
i
, R
o
according to your measurements and to
paragraph 3.1.4.

Follower Amplifier:

Step 21: Implement the following circuit:












+12V
-12V
V
i

V
o

-
+
V
S

V
o

+
-
R
1
10K
R
2

4.7K
+12V
-12V
R
S

1K
V
i



Step 22: Connect V
i
to the variable voltage source, change the input voltage V
i
, measure
the output voltage V
o
and fill in the following table.

31 31 33 31 9 8 7 6 5 4 1 1 3 No.
6 5 4 3 2 1 0 -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 V
i

V
o

A
V


Step 23: Plot your results on the following graph.












Step 24: Connect the V
i
terminal of the operational amplifier to the output terminal of the
function generator. Adjust the function generator to 2Vp-p 1KHz sine wave.

Step 25: Connect the scope CH1 to the oscillator output and the CH2 to the amplifier
output.

Step 26: Plot the scope picture on the following graph:












Step 27: What is the phase shift between the signals?
V
o

V
i

t
VCH1
t
VCH1



Step 28: Implement the following circuit:














Step 29: Measure the voltages V
C
(V
o
), V
RS
and V
i
, with AC voltmeter.

Step 30: Connect a 1K resistor between V
o
and ground. This resistor acts as R
L
.

Measure V
L
.

Step 31: Calculate and record the A
V
, A
I
, R
i
, R
o
according to your measurements and to
paragraph 3.1.4.

Experiment report:

1) Write the name of each experiment and draw below the electronic circuit.

For each circuit include the experiment measurements, results and graphs.

Compare between the preliminary questions and the examples with the measurement

results.

+12V
-12V
V
o

-
+ V
S

R
S

1K
V
i












Experiment 4.1 - Logic Gates

Objectives:

After completing this experiment explain:

The truth table of the gates AND, OR, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR.
The behavior of expanded gates.
How to use gates as blocking gates.

Equipment Required:

Digital trainer
Power supply
Jumper wires
7400, 7402, 7404, 7408, 7432, 7486

Procedure:

Identifying tables of the states of the gates:

Step 1: Connect the TPS-3351 to the power supply and connect the power supply to the Mains.



Step 2: Turn ON the TPS-3351.

Step 3: Connect both inputs of the AND gate to two switches S0, S1 on TPS-3351, and connect
the output of the gate to the LED L0.








Step 4: Write the truth table for the circuit in your notebook.

Step 5: Change the state of the switches according to the truth table and record the result of
every state in the table.


AND
S1 S0 L0
A B Y
0 0
0 1
1 0
1 1

Step 6: Record your conclusion. Does the truth table that you have obtained conform to the
theory presented in the theoretical background material?

A
B
Y
AND
S0
S1 L0
C


Step 7: Repeat steps 3 to 6 for the following gates and complete the truth table for each gate.

OR NOT NAND






A B Y A Y A B Y
0 0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1

NOR XOR



A B Y A B Y
0 0 0 0
0 1 0 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 1 1



Expansion of gates:

Step 8: Connect inputs A, B, and C of the following circuit to three switches on TPS-3351
trainer.
A
B
Y
A
B
Y
A
B
Y
A Y
A
B
Y
A
B Y




A B C Y
0 0 0
0 0 1
0 1 0
0 1 1
1 0 0
1 0 1
1 1 0
1 1 1

Step 9: Connect the L0 LED to the output of the circuit (Y).

Step 10: Complete the truth table for the circuit in your notebook.

Step 11: Change the state of the switches according to the truth table. Record the result for each
state in the table.

Step 12: As a conclusion, write down whether the truth table that you have obtained
conforms with the theory presented in the theoretical background material.

Step 13: Repeat steps 8 to 12 for the following gate combinations and complete their truth
tables.






A
B
Y
C
=
A
B
Y
C
A
B
Y
C
A
B
Y
C
=
A
B
Y
C








A B C Y A B C Y
0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 1
1 0 0 1 0 0
1 0 1 1 0 1
1 1 0 1 1 0
1 1 1 1 1 1

Blocking gates:

Step 14: Connect the A and B inputs of an AND gate to two switches on the TPS-3351.








Step 15: Connect the output of the gate to the LED input.
A
B
Y
AND
S0
S1 L0
C



Step 16: Assume that the B input serves as a control input. Write two truth tables in your
notebook one for B=0 and one for B=1.

B=1 B=0
A Y A Y
0 0
1 1

Step 17: Change the state of the switches according to the truth tables, and record the results in
the tables.

Step 18: Write your conclusions regarding the function of the gate in each of the states under
the control input conditions.

Step 19: Repeat steps 14 to 18 for the following gates and complete their truth tables.



OR NAND NOR XOR
B=1 B=1 B=1 B=1
A Y A Y A Y A Y
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1

B=0 B=0 B=0 B=0
A Y A Y A Y A Y
0 0 0 0
1 1 1 1



Note the special behavior of the XOR gate in this case.

Summary questions:

1) Collect all your experiments and tables results. Write in the table above each experiment
result, the experiment name and its drawing.

2) Compare the experiment results with the theory.