Chapter 10 HW Coterminal Angles Glencoe Algebra II

Chapter 13
Resource Masters
Consumable Workbooks
Many of the worksheets contained in the Chapter Resource Masters booklets
are available as consumable workbooks.
Study Guide and Intervention Workbook 0-07-828029-X
Skills Practice Workbook 0-07-828023-0
Practice Workbook 0-07-828024-9
ANSWERS FOR WORKBOOKS The answers for Chapter 13 of these workbooks
can be found in the back of this Chapter Resource Masters booklet.
Copyright by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America. Permission is granted to reproduce the
material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only
for classroom use; be provided to students, teacher, and families without charge;
and be used solely in conjunction with Glencoes Algebra 2. Any other reproduction,
for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
The McGraw-Hill Companies
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, OH 43240-4027
ISBN: 0-07-828016-8 Algebra 2
Chapter 13 Resource Masters
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 066 11 10 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iii Glencoe Algebra 2
Contents
Vocabulary Builder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii
Lesson 13-1
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . . 775776
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 777
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 778
Reading to Learn Mathematics . . . . . . . . . . 779
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 780
Lesson 13-2
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 783
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 786
Lesson 13-3
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 789
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 790
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 792
Lesson 13-4
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 795
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 796
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 798
Lesson 13-5
Study Guide and Intervention . . . . . . . 799800
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 801
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 802
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 804
Lesson 13-6
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 807
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 808
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 810
Lesson 13-7
Skills Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 813
Practice . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 814
Enrichment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 816
Chapter 13 Assessment
Chapter 13 Test, Form 1 . . . . . . . . . . . 817818
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2A . . . . . . . . . . 819820
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2B . . . . . . . . . . 821822
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2C . . . . . . . . . . 823824
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2D . . . . . . . . . . 825826
Chapter 13 Test, Form 3 . . . . . . . . . . . 827828
Chapter 13 Open-Ended Assessment . . . . . 829
Chapter 13 Vocabulary Test/Review . . . . . . 830
Chapter 13 Quizzes 1 & 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 831
Chapter 13 Quizzes 3 & 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 832
Chapter 13 Mid-Chapter Test . . . . . . . . . . . . 833
Chapter 13 Cumulative Review . . . . . . . . . . 834
Chapter 13 Standardized Test Practice . 835836
Standardized Test Practice
Student Recording Sheet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A1
ANSWERS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . A2A32
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill iv Glencoe Algebra 2
Teachers Guide to Using the
Chapter 13 Resource Masters
The Fast File Chapter Resource system allows you to conveniently file the resources
you use most often. The Chapter 13 Resource Masters includes the core materials
needed for Chapter 13. These materials include worksheets, extensions, and
assessment options. The answers for these pages appear at the back of this booklet.
All of the materials found in this booklet are included for viewing and printing in the
Algebra 2 TeacherWorks CD-ROM.
Vocabulary Builder Pages viiviii
include a student study tool that presents
up to twenty of the key vocabulary terms
from the chapter. Students are to record
definitions and/or examples for each term.
You may suggest that students highlight or
star the terms with which they are not
familiar.
WHEN TO USE Give these pages to
students before beginning Lesson 13-1.
Encourage them to add these pages to their
Algebra 2 Study Notebook. Remind them
to add definitions and examples as they
complete each lesson.
Study Guide and Intervention
Each lesson in Algebra 2 addresses two
objectives. There is one Study Guide and
Intervention master for each objective.
WHEN TO USE Use these masters as
reteaching activities for students who need
additional reinforcement. These pages can
also be used in conjunction with the Student
Edition as an instructional tool for students
who have been absent.
Skills Practice There is one master for
each lesson. These provide computational
practice at a basic level.
WHEN TO USE These masters can be
used with students who have weaker
mathematics backgrounds or need
additional reinforcement.
Practice There is one master for each
lesson. These problems more closely follow
the structure of the Practice and Apply
section of the Student Edition exercises.
These exercises are of average difficulty.
WHEN TO USE These provide additional
practice options or may be used as
homework for second day teaching of the
lesson.
Reading to Learn Mathematics
One master is included for each lesson. The
first section of each master asks questions
about the opening paragraph of the lesson
in the Student Edition. Additional
questions ask students to interpret the
context of and relationships among terms
in the lesson. Finally, students are asked to
summarize what they have learned using
various representation techniques.
WHEN TO USE This master can be used
as a study tool when presenting the lesson
or as an informal reading assessment after
presenting the lesson. It is also a helpful
tool for ELL (English Language Learner)
students.
Enrichment There is one extension
master for each lesson. These activities may
extend the concepts in the lesson, offer an
historical or multicultural look at the
concepts, or widen students perspectives on
the mathematics they are learning. These
are not written exclusively for honors
students, but are accessible for use with all
levels of students.
WHEN TO USE These may be used as
extra credit, short-term projects, or as
activities for days when class periods are
shortened.
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill v Glencoe Algebra 2
Assessment Options
The assessment masters in the Chapter 13
Resource Masters offer a wide range of
assessment tools for intermediate and final
assessment. The following lists describe each
assessment master and its intended use.
Chapter Assessment
CHAPTER TESTS
Form 1 contains multiple-choice questions
and is intended for use with basic level
students.
Forms 2A and 2B contain multiple-choice
questions aimed at the average level
student. These tests are similar in format
to offer comparable testing situations.
Forms 2C and 2D are composed of free-
response questions aimed at the average
level student. These tests are similar in
format to offer comparable testing
situations. Grids with axes are provided
for questions assessing graphing skills.
Form 3 is an advanced level test with
free-response questions. Grids without
axes are provided for questions assessing
graphing skills.
All of the above tests include a free-
response Bonus question.
The Open-Ended Assessment includes
performance assessment tasks that are
suitable for all students. A scoring rubric
is included for evaluation guidelines.
Sample answers are provided for
assessment.
A Vocabulary Test, suitable for all
students, includes a list of the vocabulary
words in the chapter and ten questions
assessing students knowledge of those
terms. This can also be used in conjunc-
tion with one of the chapter tests or as a
review worksheet.
Intermediate Assessment
Four free-response quizzes are included
to offer assessment at appropriate
intervals in the chapter.
A Mid-Chapter Test provides an option
to assess the first half of the chapter. It is
composed of both multiple-choice and
free-response questions.
Continuing Assessment
The Cumulative Review provides
students an opportunity to reinforce and
retain skills as they proceed through
their study of Algebra 2. It can also be
used as a test. This master includes
free-response questions.
The Standardized Test Practice offers
continuing review of algebra concepts in
various formats, which may appear on
the standardized tests that they may
encounter. This practice includes multiple-
choice, grid-in, and quantitative-
comparison questions. Bubble-in and
grid-in answer sections are provided on
the master.
Answers
Page A1 is an answer sheet for the
Standardized Test Practice questions
that appear in the Student Edition on
pages 758759. This improves students
familiarity with the answer formats they
may encounter in test taking.
The answers for the lesson-by-lesson
masters are provided as reduced pages
with answers appearing in red.
Full-size answer keys are provided for
the assessment masters in this booklet.
Vocabulary Builder
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13 13
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill vii Glencoe Algebra 2
V
o
c
a
b
u
l
a
r
y

B
u
i
l
d
e
r
This is an alphabetical list of the key vocabulary terms you will learn in Chapter 13.
As you study the chapter, complete each terms definition or description. Remember
to add the page number where you found the term. Add these pages to your Algebra
Study Notebook to review vocabulary at the end of the chapter.
Vocabulary Term
Found
on Page
Definition/Description/Example
angle of depression
or elevation
Arccosine function
AHRKKOHSYN
Arcsine function
AHRKSYN
Arctangent function
AHRKTANjuhnt
cosecant
KOHSEEKANT
cosine
coterminal angles
cotangent
Law of Cosines
Law of Sines
(continued on the next page)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Glencoe Algebra 2

Vocabulary Term
Found
on Page
Definition/Description/Example
period
principal values
quadrantal angles
kwahDRANtuhl
radian
RAYdeeuhn
reference angle
secant
sine
standard position
tangent
trigonometry
TRIHguhNAHmuhtree

Vocabulary Builder (continued)
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13 13
Right Triangle Trigonometry
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-1 13-1
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 775 Glencoe Algebra 2
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1
Trigonometric Values
Trigonometric Functions If is the measure of an acute angle of a right triangle, opp is the measure of the
leg opposite , adj is the measure of the leg adjacent to , and hyp is the measure
of the hypotenuse, then the following are true.
sin cos tan
csc sec cot
Find the values of the six trigonometric functions for angle .
Use the Pythagorean Theorem to find x, the measure of the leg opposite .
x
2
7
2
9
2
Pythagorean Theorem
x
2
49 81 Simplify.
x
2
32 Subtract 49 from each side.
x 32 or 42 Take the square root of each side.
Use opp 42, adj 7, and hyp 9 to write each trigonometric ratio.
sin cos tan csc sec cot
1. 2. 3.
sin
1
5
3
; cos
1
1
2
3
; sin
4
5
; cos
3
5
; sin
1
8
7
; cos
1
1
5
7
;
tan
1
5
2
; csc
1
5
3
; tan
4
3
; csc
5
4
; tan
1
8
5
; csc
1
8
7
;
sec
1
1
3
2
; cot
1
5
2
sec
5
3
; cot
3
4
sec
1
1
7
5
; cot
1
8
5
4. 5. 6.
sin
2
2
; cos sin
2
3
; cos
1
2
; sin
5
61
61
; cos
2
2
; tan 1; csc tan 3;
6
61
61
; tan
5
6
;
2; sec 2; csc
2
3
3
; csc
5
61
; sec
10
12
6
3
9
9
17
8
16
12
5
13
72
8
9
7
92
8
42
7
7
9
42
7
x
9
adj
opp
hyp
adj
hyp
opp
opp
adj
adj
hyp
opp
hyp
B
C
A
hyp
opp
adj
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Right Triangle Problems
Solve ABC. Round measures of sides to the
nearest tenth and measures of angles to the nearest degree.
You know the measures of one side, one acute angle, and the right angle.
You need to find a, b, and A.
Find a and b.
sin 54
1
b
8
cos 54
1
a
8
b 18 sin 54 a 18 cos 54
b 14.6 a 10.6
Find A.
54 A 90 Angles A and B are complementary.
A 36 Solve for A.
Therefore A 36, a 10.6, and b 14.6.
Write an equation involving sin, cos, or tan that can be used to find x. Then solve
the equation. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth.
1. 2. 3.
tan 38
1
x
0
; 12.8 cos 63
4
x
; 8.8 sin 20
14
x
.5
; 5.0
Solve ABC by using the given measurements. Round measures
of sides to the nearest tenth and measures of angles to the
nearest degree.
4. A 80, b 6 5. B 25, c 20 6. b 8, c 14
a 34.0, c 34.6, a 18.1, b 8.5, a 11.5, B 35,
B 10 A 65 C 55
7. a 6, b 7 8. a 12, B 42 9. a 15, A 54
c 9.2, A 41, b 10.8, c 16.1, b 10.9, c 18.5,
B 49 A 48 B 36
a
b
c
C B
A
20
x
14.5
63
x
4
38
x
10
54
a
b
C B
A
18
Study Guide and Intervention (continued)
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-1 13-1
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Skills Practice
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-1 13-1
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1
1. 2. 3.
sin
4
5
, cos
3
5
, sin
1
5
3
, cos
1
1
2
3
, sin
3
13
13
,
tan
4
3
, csc
5
4
, tan
1
5
2
, csc
1
5
3
, cos
2
13
13
,
sec
5
3
, cot
3
4
sec
1
1
3
2
, cot
1
5
2
tan
3
2
, csc
3
13
,
sec
2
13
, cot
2
3
the equation. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth and measures of
angles to the nearest degree.
4. 5. 6.
tan 30
8
x
, x 13.9 cos 60
5
x
, x 10 tan 22
1
x
0
, x 4.0
7. 8. 9.
sin 60
x
5
, x 4.3 cos x
5
8
, x 51 tan x
4
2
, x 63
Solve ABC by using the given measurements. Round measures of
sides to the nearest tenth and measures of angles to the nearest degree.
10. A 72, c 10 11. B 20, b 15
a 9.5, b 3.1, B 18 a 41.2, c 43.9, A 70
12. A 80, a 9 13. A 58, b 12
b 1.6, c 9.1, B 10 a 19.2, c 22.6, B 32
14. b 4, c 9 15. a 7, b 5
a 8.1, A 64, B 26 c 8.6, A 54, B 36
a
b
c
C B
A
2
4
x
5
8
x
5
60
x
10
22
x
5
60
x
8
30
x
2
3
5
13
6
8
1. 2. 3.
sin
1
1
5
7
, cos
1
8
7
, sin
1
5
1
, cos
4
1
1
6
, sin
1
2
, cos
2
3
,
tan
1
8
5
, csc
1
1
7
5
, tan
5
2
4
6
, csc
1
5
1
, tan
3
3
, csc 2,
sec
1
8
7
, cot
1
8
5
sec
11
2
4
6
, cot
4
5
6
sec
2
3
3
, cot
3
the equation. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth and measures of
4. 5. 6.
tan 30
x
7
, x 4.0 sin 20
3
x
2
, x 10.9 tan 49
1
x
7
, x 14.8
7. 8. 9.
cos 41
2
x
8
, x 37.1 tan x
1
1
9
7
.2
, x 48 sin x
15
7
.3
, x 27
Solve ABC by using the given measurements. Round measures of
sides to the nearest tenth and measures of angles to the nearest degree.
10. A 35, a 12 11. B 71, b 25
b 17.1, c 20.9, B 55 a 8.6, c 26.4, A 19
12. B 36, c 8 13. a 4, b 7
a 6.5, b 4.7, A 54 c 8.1, A 30, B 60
14. A 17, c 3.2 15. b 52, c 95
a 0.9, b 3.1, B 73 a 79.5, A 33, B 57
16. SURVEYING John stands 150 meters from a water tower and sights the top at an angle
a
b
c
C B
A
15.3
7
x
17
19.2
x
28
41
x
17
49
x
32
20
x
7
30
x
3 3
3
5
11
45
24
Practice (Average)
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-1 13-1
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-1 13-1
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Pre-Activity How is trigonometry used in building construction?
Read the introduction to Lesson 13-1 at the top of page 701 in your textbook.
If a different ramp is built so that the angle shown in the figure has a
tangent of
1
1
4
, will this ramp meet, exceed, or fail to meet ADA regulations?
exceed
Reading the Lesson
1. Refer to the triangle at the right. Match each trigonometric
function with the correct ratio.
i. ii. iii. iv. v. vi.
a. sin iv b. tan v c. sec iii
d. cot ii e. cos i f. csc vi
2. Refer to the Key Concept box on page 703 in your textbook. Use the drawings of the
30-60-90 triangle and 45-45-90 triangle and/or the table to complete the following.
a. The tangent of 45 and the of 45 are equal.
b. The sine of 30 is equal to the cosine of .
c. The sine and of 45 are equal.
d. The reciprocal of the cosecant of 60 is the of 60.
e. The reciprocal of the cosine of 30 is the of 60.
f. The reciprocal of the tangent of 60 is the of 30.
Helping You Remember
3. In studying trigonometry, it is important for you to know the relationships between the
lengths of the sides of a 30-60-90 triangle. If you remember just one fact about this
triangle, you will always be able to figure out the lengths of all the sides. What fact can
you use, and why is it enough?
Sample answer: The shorter leg is half as long as the hypotenuse. You
can use the Pythagorean Theorem to find the length of the longer leg.
tangent
cosecant
sine
cosine
60
cotangent
t
s
s
r
s
t
t
r
r
s
r
s
r
t
The Angle of Repose
Suppose you place a block of wood on an inclined
plane, as shown at the right. If the angle, , at which
the plane is inclined from the horizontal is very small,
the block will not move. If you increase the angle, the
block will eventually overcome the force of friction and
start to slide down the plane.
At the instant the block begins to slide, the angle
formed by the plane is called the angle of friction, or
the angle of repose.
For situations in which the block and plane are smooth
but unlubricated, the angle of repose depends only on
the types of materials in the block and the plane. The
angle is independent of the area of contact between
the two surfaces and of the weight of the block.
The drawing at the right shows how to use vectors to
find a coefficient of friction. This coefficient varies with F W sin N W cos
different materials and is denoted by the F N
Greek leter mu, .

c
s
o
in
s
tan
Solve each problem.
1. A wooden chute is built so that
wooden crates can slide down into the
basement of a store. What angle should
the chute make in order for the crates
to slide down at a constant speed?
2. Will a 100-pound wooden crate slide down a stone ramp that makes an
angle of 20 with the horizontal? Explain your answer.
3. If you increase the weight of the crate in Exercise 2 to 300 pounds, does it
change your answer?
4. A car with rubber tires is being driven on dry concrete pavement. If the
car tires spin without traction on a hill, how steep is the hill?
5. For Exercise 4, does it make a difference if it starts to rain? Explain your
answer.
Material Coefficient of Friction
Wood on wood 0.5
Wood on stone 0.5
Rubber tire on dry concrete 1.0
Rubber tire on wet concrete 0.7
F
W
N
In
c
lin
e
d
P
la
n
e
B
lo
c
k
Enrichment
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-1 13-1
Angles and Angle Measurement
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-2 13-2
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Angle Measurement An angle is determined by two rays. The degree measure of an
angle is described by the amount and direction of rotation from the initial side along the
positive x-axis to the terminal side. A counterclockwise rotation is associated with positive
angle measure and a clockwise rotation is associated with negative angle measure. An angle
can also be measured in radians.
Radian and
To rewrite the radian measure of an angle in degrees, multiply the number of radians by
r
1
a
8
d
0
ia
ns
.
Degree
Measure
To rewrite the degree measure of an angle in radians, multiply the number of degrees by
r
1
a
8
d
0
ia
ns
.
Draw an angle with
measure 290 in standard notation.
The negative y-axis represents a positive
rotation of 270. To generate an angle of
290, rotate the terminal side 20 more in
the counterclockwise direction.
x
y
O
90
180
270
290
initial side
terminal side
Rewrite the degree
measure in radians and the radian
measure in degrees.
a. 45
45 45

radians
b. radians
radians

300
180
3
5
3
5
4
radians
180
Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 2
Exercises Exercises
Draw an angle with the given measure in standard position.
1. 160 2. 3. 400
Rewrite each degree measure in radians and each radian measure in degrees.
4. 140 5. 860 6.
3
5
7.
11
3
7
9

43
9
108 660
x
y
O x
y
O x
y
O
5
4
Coterminal Angles When two angles in standard position have the same terminal
sides, they are called coterminal angles. You can find an angle that is coterminal to a
given angle by adding or subtracting a multiple of 360. In radian measure, a coterminal
angle is found by adding or subtracting a multiple of 2.
Find one angle with positive measure and one angle with negative
measure coterminal with each angle.
a. 250
A positive angle is 250 360 or 610.
A negative angle is 250 360 or 110.
b.
5
8
A positive angle is
5
8
2 or
21
8
.
A negative angle is
5
8
2 or
11
8
.
Find one angle with a positive measure and one angle with a negative measure
coterminal with each angle. 118 Sample answers are given.
1. 65 2. 75 3. 230
425, 295 285, 435 590, 130
4. 420 5. 340 6. 130
60, 300 700, 20 230, 490
7. 290 8. 690 9. 420
70, 650 330, 30 300, 60
10.
9
11.
3
8
12.
6
5
19
9
,
17
9

19
8
,
13
8

16
5
,
4
5
13.
4
7
14.
15
4
15.
1
6
3
4
,
15
4

7
4
4

11
6
16.
17
5
17.
3
5
18.
1
4
1
7
5
,
3
5
3
,
11
3

5
4
,
3
4

Angles and Angle Measurement
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-2 13-2
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Skills Practice
Angles and Angle Measure
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-2 13-2
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o
n

1
3
-
2
1. 185 2. 810 3. 390
4. 495 5. 50 6. 420
7. 130
1
1
3
8
8. 720 4
9. 210
7
6
10. 90
11. 30
6
12. 270
3
2
13.
3
60 14.
5
6
150
15.
2
3
120 16.
5
4
225
17.
3
4
135 18.
7
6
210
Find one angle with positive measure and one angle with negative measure
coterminal with each angle. 1926. Sample answers are given.
19. 45 405, 315 20. 60 420, 300
21. 370 10, 350 22. 90 270, 450
23.
2
3

8
3
,
4
3
24.
5
2

9
2
25.
6

13
6
,
11
6
26.
3
4

5
4
,
3
2
x
y
O x
y
O x
y
O
x
y
O x
y
O x
y
O
1. 210 2. 305 3. 580
4. 135 5. 450 6. 560
7. 18
1
0
8. 6
3
0
9. 870
29
6
10. 347
3
1
4
8
7
0
11. 72
2
5
12. 820
41
9
13. 250
2
1
5
8
14. 165
1
1
1
2
15. 4 720 16.

5
2
450 17.
13
5
468 18.
1
3
3
0
78
19.
9
2
810 20.
7
1
2
105 21.
3
8
67.5 22.
3
1
6
33.75
Find one angle with positive measure and one angle with negative measure
coterminal with each angle. 2334. Sample answers are given.
23. 65 425, 295 24. 80 440, 280 25. 285 645, 75
26. 110 470, 250 27. 37 323, 397 28. 93 267, 453
29.
2
5

12
5
,
8
5
30.
5
6

17
6
,
7
6
31.
17
6

29
6
,
7
6
32.
3
2
2
,
7
2
33.
4

7
4
,
9
4
34.
5
1
2

1
1
9
2
,
2
1
9
2
35. TIME Find both the degree and radian measures of the angle through which the hour
hand on a clock rotates from 5 A.M. to 10 A.M.
150;
5
6
36. ROTATION A truck with 16-inch radius wheels is driven at 77 feet per second
(52.5 miles per hour). Find the measure of the angle through which a point on the
outside of the wheel travels each second. Round to the nearest degree and nearest radian.
3309/s; 58 radians/s
x
y
O x
y
O x
y
O
x
y
O x
y
O x
y
O
Practice (Average)
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-2 13-2
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-2 13-2
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Pre-Activity How can angles be used to describe circular motion?
If a gondola revolves through a complete revolution in one minute, what is
its angular velocity in degrees per second? 6 per second
Reading the Lesson
1. Match each degree measure with the corresponding radian measure on the right.
a. 30 v i.
2
3
b. 90 ii ii.
c. 120 i iii.
7
6
d. 135 vi iv.
e. 180 iv v.
f. 210 iii vi.

3
4
2. The sine of 30 is
1
2
and the sine of 150 is also
1
2
. Does this mean that 30 and 150 are
coterminal angles? Explain your reasoning. Sample answer: No; the terminal
side of a 30 angle is in Quadrant I, while the terminal side of a 150 angle
is in Quadrant II.
3. Describe how to find two angles that are coterminal with an angle of 155, one with
positive measure and one with negative measure. (Do not actually calculate these angles.)
Sample answer: Positive angle: Add 360 to 155. Negative angle:
Subtract 360 from 155.
4. Describe how to find two angles that are coterminal with an angle of
5
3
, one positive and

one negative. (Do not actually calculate these angles.) Sample answer: Positive
angle: Add 2 to
5
3
. Negative angle: Subtract 2 from

5
3
.
5. How can you use what you know about the circumference of a circle to remember how to
convert between radian and degree measure? Sample answer: The
circumference of a circle is given by the formula C 2r, so the
circumference of a circle with radius 1 is 2. In degree measure, one
complete circle is 360. So 2 radians 360 and radians 180.
Making and Using a Hypsometer
A hypsometer is a device that can be used to measure the height of an
object. To construct your own hypsometer, you will need a rectangular piece of
heavy cardboard that is at least 7 cm by 10 cm, a straw, transparent tape, a
string about 20 cm long, and a small weight that can be attached to the string.
Mark off 1-cm increments along one short side and one long side of the
cardboard. Tape the straw to the other short side. Then attach the weight to
one end of the string, and attach the other end of the string to one corner of
the cardboard, as shown in the figure below. The diagram below shows how
your hypsometer should look.
To use the hypsometer, you will need to measure the distance from the base
of the object whose height you are finding to where you stand when you use
the hypsometer.
Sight the top of the object through the straw. Note where the free-hanging
string crosses the bottom scale. Then use similar triangles to find the height
of the object.
1. Draw a diagram to illustrate how you can use similar triangles and the
hypsometer to find the height of a tall object.
Use your hypsometer to find the height of each of the following.
2. your schools flagpole
3. a tree on your schools property
4. the highest point on the front wall of your school building
5. the goal posts on a football field
6. the hoop on a basketball court
Your eye
s
tr
a
w
10 cm
7 cm
weight
Enrichment
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-2 13-2
Trigonometric Functions of General Angles
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-3 13-3
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Trigonometric Functions and General Angles
Trigonometric Functions, Let be an angle in standard position and let P(x, y) be a point on the terminal side
in Standard Position of . By the Pythagorean Theorem, the distance r from the origin is given by
r x
2
y
2
. The trigonometric functions of an angle in standard position may be
defined as follows.
sin cos tan
csc sec cot
Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of if the
terminal side of contains the point (5, 52).
You know that x 5 and y 52. You need to find r.
r x
2
y
2
Pythagorean Theorem
(5)
2
(52)
2
Replace x with 5 and y with 52.
75 or 53
Now use x 5, y 52, and r 53 to write the ratios.
sin
y
r
cos
x
r
tan
y
x
2
csc
y
r
sec
x
r
3 cot
x
y

Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of if the terminal side of
in standard position contains the given point.
1. (8, 4) 2. (4, 43)
sin
5
5
, cos
2
5
5
, tan
1
2
, sin
2
3
, cos
1
2
, tan 3,
csc 5, sec
2
5
, cot 2 csc
2
3
3
, sec 2, cot
3
3
3. (0, 4) 4. (6, 2)
sin 1, cos 0, sin
1
1
0
0
, cos
3
10
10
, tan
tan undefined, csc 1,
1
3
, csc 10 , sec
3
10
,
sec undefined , cot 0 cot 3
2
2
5
52
53
5
6
2
53
52
52
5
3
3
5
53
6
3
52
53
x
y
r
x
r
y
y
x
x
r
y
r
x x
y
r
P(x, y)
y
O
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Reference Angles If is a nonquadrantal angle in standard position, its reference
angle is defined as the acute angle formed by the terminal side of and the x-axis.
Reference
Angle Rule
Signs of
Trigonometric
Functions
Quadrant
Function I II III IV
sin or csc
cos or sec
tan or cot
x
y
O
Quadrant I
180
( )
180
( )
360
( 2 )
x
y
O
Quadrant II
x
y
O
Quadrant III
x
y
O
Quadrant IV
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-3 13-3
Sketch an angle of measure
205. Then find its reference angle.
Because the terminal side of 205 lies in
Quadrant III, the reference angle is
205 180 or 25.
x
y
O
205
Use a reference angle

to find the exact value of cos
3
4
.
Because the terminal side of lies in
Quadrant II, the reference angle is
or .
The cosine function is negative in
Quadrant II.
cos cos .
2
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
Example 1 Example 1 Example 2 Example 2
Exercises Exercises
Find the exact value of each trigonometric function.
1. tan(510)
3
3
2. csc 2
3. sin(90) 1 4. cot 1665 1
5. cot 30 3 6. tan 315 1
7. csc 2 8. tan
4
4
11
4
Skills Practice
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-3 13-3
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1. (5, 12) 2. (3, 4)
sin
1
1
2
3
, cos
1
5
3
, tan
1
5
2
, sin
4
5
, cos
3
5
, tan
4
3
,
csc
1
1
3
2
, sec
1
5
3
, cot
1
5
2
csc
5
4
, sec
5
3
, cot
3
4
3. (8, 15) 4. (4, 3)

sin
1
1
5
7
, cos
1
8
7
, tan
1
8
5
, sin
3
5
, cos
4
5
, tan
3
4
,
csc
1
1
7
5
, sec
1
8
7
, cot
1
8
5
csc
5
3
, sec
5
4
, cot
4
3
5. (9, 40) 6. (1, 2)

sin
4
4
0
1
, cos
4
9
1
, tan
4
9
0
, sin
2
5
5
, cos
5
5
, tan
2,
csc
4
4
1
0
, sec
4
9
1
, cot
4
9
0
csc
2
5
, sec 5, cot
1
2
Sketch each angle. Then find its reference angle.

7. 135 45 8. 200 20 9.
5
3

10. sin 150
1
2
11. cos 270 0 12. cot 135 1 13. tan (30)
3
3
14. tan
4
1 15. cos
4
3

1
2
16. cot ()
undefined
17. sin
3
4
2
2
Suppose is an angle in standard position whose terminal side is in the given

quadrant. For each function, find the exact values of the remaining five
trigonometric functions of .
18. sin
4
5
, Quadrant II 19. tan
1
5
2
, Quadrant IV
cos
3
5
, tan
4
3
, csc
5
4
, sin
1
1
2
3
, cos
1
5
3
, csc
1
1
3
2
,
sec
5
3
, cot
3
4
sec
1
5
3
, cot
1
5
2
x
y
O x
y
O x
y
O
1. (6, 8) 2. (20, 21) 3. (2, 5) sin
5
29
29
,
sin
4
5
, cos
3
5
, sin
2
2
1
9
, cos
2
2
0
9
, cos
2
29
29
,
tan
4
3
, csc
5
4
, tan
2
2
1
0
, csc
2
2
9
1
, tan
5
2
, csc
5
29
,
sec
5
3
, cot
3
4
sec
2
2
9
0
, cot
2
2
0
1
sec
2
29
, cot
2
5
Find the reference angle for the angle with the given measure.
4. 236 56 5.
13
8

3
8
6. 210 30 7.
7
4

8. tan 135 1 9. cot 210 3 10. cot (90) 0 11. cos 405
2
12. tan
5
3
3 13. csc
3
4
2 14. cot 2
undefined
15. tan
13
6
3
3
Suppose is an angle in standard position whose terminal side is in the given

quadrant. For each function, find the exact values of the remaining five
trigonometric functions of .
16. tan
1
5
2
, Quadrant IV 17. sin
2
3
, Quadrant III cos
3
5
,
sin
1
1
2
3
, cos
1
5
3
, csc
1
1
3
2
, tan
2
5
5
, csc
3
2
,
sec
1
5
3
, cot
1
5
2
sec
3
5
5
, cot
2
5
18. LIGHT Light rays that bounce off a surface are reflected
by the surface. If the surface is partially transparent, some
of the light rays are bent or refracted as they pass from the
air through the material. The angles of reflection
1
and of
refraction
2
in the diagram at the right are related by the
equation sin
1
n sin
2
. If
1
60 and n 3, find the
measure of
2
. 30
19. FORCE A cable running from the top of a utility pole to the
ground exerts a horizontal pull of 800 Newtons and a vertical
pull of 8003 Newtons. What is the sine of the angle between the
cable and the ground? What is the measure of this angle?
2
3
; 60
800 N
8003 N
1

1
2
surface
air
Practice (Average)
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-3 13-3
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-3 13-3
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Pre-Activity How can you model the position of riders on a skycoaster?
What does t 0 represent in this application? Sample answer: the
time when the riders leave the bottom of their swing
Do negative values of t make sense in this application? Explain your
answer. Sample answer: No; t 0 represents the starting
time, so the value of t cannot be less than 0.
Reading the Lesson
1. Suppose is an angle in standard position, P(x, y) is a point on the terminal side of ,
and the distance from the origin to P is r. Determine whether each of the following
statements is true or false.
a. The value of r can be found by using either the Pythagorean Theorem or the distance
formula. true
b. cos true c. csc is defined if y 0. true
d. tan is undefined if y 0. false e. sin is defined for every value of . true
2. Let be an angle measured in degrees. Match the quadrant of from the first column
with the description of how to find the reference angle for from the second column.
a. Quadrant III ii i. Subtract from 360.
b. Quadrant IV i ii. Subtract 180 from .
c. Quadrant II iv iii. is its own reference angle.
d. Quadrant I iii iv. Subtract from 180.
3. The chart on page 719 in your textbook summarizes the signs of the six trigonometric
functions in the four quadrants. Since reciprocals always have the same sign, you only
need to remember where the sine, cosine, and tangent are positive. How can you
remember this with a simple diagram?
Sample answer:
x
y
O
x
r
Areas of Polygons and Circles
A regular polygon has sides of equal length and angles of equal measure.
A regular polygon can be inscribed in or circumscribed about a circle. For
n-sided regular polygons, the following area formulas can be used.
Area of circle A
C
r
2
Area of inscribed polygon A
I

n
2
r
2
sin
36
n
0
Area of circumscribed polygon A

C
nr
2
tan
18
n
0
Use a calculator to complete the chart below for a unit circle

(a circle of radius 1).
9. What number do the areas of the circumscribed and inscribed polygons
seem to be approaching?
Area of Area of Circle Area of Area of Polygon
Number Inscribed minus Circumscribed minus
of Sides Polygon Area of Polygon Polygon Area of Circle
3 1.2990381 1.8425545 5.1961524 2.054597
1. 4
2. 8
3. 12
4. 20
5. 24
6. 28
7. 32
8. 1000
r
r
Enrichment
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-3 13-3
Law of Sines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-4 13-4
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Law of Sines The area of any triangle is one half the product of the lengths of two sides
and the sine of the included angle.
area
1
2
bc sin A
Area of a Triangle area
1
2
ac sin B
area
1
2
ab sin C
You can use the Law of Sines to solve any triangle if you know the measures of two angles
and any side, or the measures of two sides and the angle opposite one of them.
Law of Sines
sin
a
A

sin
b
B

sin
c
C
Find the area of ABC if a 10, b 14, and C 40.

Area
1
2
ab sin C Area formula

1
2
(10)(14)sin 40 Replace a, b, and C.
44.9951 Use a calculator.
The area of the triangle is approximately 45 square units.
If a 12, b 9, and A 28, find B.
sin
a
A

sin
b
B
Law of Sines
sin
12
28

sin
9
B
Replace A, a, and b.
sin B
9 si
1
n
2
28
Solve for sin B.
sin B 0.3521 Use a calculator.
B 20.62 Use the sin
1
function.
Find the area of ABC to the nearest tenth.
1. 2. 3.
62.3 units
2
41.8 units
2
71.5 units
2
Solve each triangle. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth and measures of
4. B 42, C 68, a 10 5. A 40, B 14, a 52 6. A 15, B 50, b 36
A 70, b 7.1, b 19.6, c 65.4, C 115, a 12.2,
c 9.9 C 126 c 42.6
32
15
18
B C
A
125
12
8.5
A C
B
54
11
14
A B
C
A B
C
c
a
b
Example 1 Example 1
Example 2 Example 2
Exercises Exercises
One, Two, or No Solutions
Suppose you are given a, b, and A for a triangle.
If a is acute:
Possible Triangles
a b sin A no solution
Given Two Sides
a b sin A one solution
and One
b a b sin A two solutions
Opposite Angle
a b one solution
If A is right or obtuse:
a b no solution
a b one solution
Determine whether ABC has no solutions, one solution, or two
solutions. Then solve ABC.
a. A 48, a 11, and b 16
Since A is acute, find b sin A and compare it with a.
b sin A 16 sin 48 11.89
Since 11 11.89, there is no solution.
b. A 34, a 6, b 8
Since A is acute, find b sin A and compare it with a; b sin A 8 sin 34 4.47. Since
8 6 4.47, there are two solutions. Thus there are two possible triangles to solve.
Law of Sines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-4 13-4
Example Example
Acute B
First use the Law of Sines to find B.
sin
8
B

sin
6
34
sin B 0.7456
B 48
The measure of angle C is about
180 (34 48) or about 98.
Use the Law of Sines again to find c.
sin
c
98

sin
6
34
c
6
s
s
in
in
3
9
4
8
c 10.6
Obtuse B
To find B you need to find an obtuse
angle whose sine is also 0.7456.
To do this, subtract the angle given by
your calculator, 48, from 180. So B is
approximately 132.
The measure of angle C is about
180 (34 132) or about 14.
Use the Law of Sines to find c.
sin
c
14

sin
6
34
c
6
s
s
in
in
3
1
4
4
c 2.6
Exercises Exercises
Determine whether each triangle has no solutions, one solution, or two solutions.
Then solve each triangle. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth and
measures of angles to the nearest degree.
1. A 50, a 34, b 40 2. A 24, a 3, b 8 3. A 125, a 22, b 15
two solutions; no solutions one solution;
B 64,C 66, B 34, C 21,
c 47.6; B 116, c 9.6
C 14, c 12.9
Skills Practice
Law of Sines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-4 13-4
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1. 36.9 cm
2
2. 10.0 ft
2
3. A 35, b 3 ft, c 7 ft 6.0 ft
2
4. C 148, a 10 cm, b 7 cm 18.5 cm
2
5. C 22, a 14 m, b 8 m 21.0 m
2
6. B 93, c 18 mi, a 42 mi 377.5 mi
2
7. 8. 9.
B 93, a 102.1, C 150, a 31.5, B 29, C 30,
b 393.8 b 21.2 c 124.6
10. 11. 12.
B 60, C 90, C 68, a 14.3, B 65, C 45,
b 17.3 b 22.9 c 82.2
Determine whether each triangle has no solution, one solution, or two solutions.
13. A 30, a 1, b 4 14. A 30, a 2, b 4 one solution;
no solution B 90, C 60, c 3.5
15. A 30, a 3, b 4 two solutions; 16. A 38, a 10, b 9 one solution;
B 42, C 108, c 5.7; B 34, C 108, c 15.4
B 138, C 12, c 1.2
17. A 78, a 8, b 5 one solution; 18. A 133, a 9, b 7 one solution;
B 38, C 64, c 7.4 B 35, C 12, c 2.6
19. A 127, a 2, b 6 no solution 20. A 109, a 24, b 13 one solution;
B 31, C 40, c 16.4
70
C
A
B
105
109
75 37
C
A B
22
30 C
A
B
10
20
121
C
A
B
212
119
18
12
C
A
B
51
15
72
C
A
B
375
35
C
A
B
5 ft
7 ft
125
C A
B
9 cm
10 cm
1. 2. 3.
35.6 yd
2
76.3 m
2
26.0 cm
2
4. C 32, a 12.6 m, b 8.9 m 5. B 27, a 14.9 cm, c 18.6 cm
29.7 m
2
62.9 cm
2
6. A 17.4, b 12 km, c 14 km 7. A 34, b 19.4 ft, c 8.6 ft
25.1 km
2
46.6 ft
2
8. A 50, B 30, c 9 9. A 56, B 38, a 12
C 100, a 7.0, b 4.6 C 86, b 8.9, c 14.4
10. A 80, C 14, a 40 11. B 47, C 112, b 13
B 86, b 40.5, c 9.8 A 21, a 6.4, c 16.5
12. A 72, a 8, c 6 13. A 25, C 107, b 12
B 62, C 46, b 7.5 B 48, a 6.8, c 15.4
Determine whether each triangle has no solution, one solution, or two solutions.
B 49, C 61, c 23.3
B 22, C 48, c 15.8
18. A 66, a 12, b 7 one solution; 19. A 54, a 5, b 8 no solution
B 32, C 82, c 13.0
20. A 45, a 15, b 18 two solutions; 21. A 60, a 43 , b 8 one solution;
B 58, C 77, c 20.7; B 90, C 30, c 23.3
B 122, C 13, c 4.8
22. WILDLIFE Sarah Phillips, an officer for the Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, checks
boaters on a lake to make sure they do not disturb two osprey nesting sites. She leaves a
dock and heads due north in her boat to the first nesting site. From here, she turns 5
north of due west and travels an additional 2.14 miles to the second nesting site. She
then travels 6.7 miles directly back to the dock. How far from the dock is the first osprey
nesting site? Round to the nearest tenth. 6.2 mi
40
C
A
B
9 cm
9 cm
58
C
A
B
12 m
15 m
46
C A
B
11 yd
9 yd
Practice (Average)
Law of Sines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-4 13-4
Law of Sines
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Pre-Activity How can trigonometry be used to find the area of a triangle?
What happens when the formula Area
1
2
ab sin C is applied to a right
triangle in which C is the right angle? Sample answer: The formula
gives Area
1
2
ab sin 90
1
2
ab 1
1
2
ab, which is the same
as the result from using the formula Area
1
2
(base)(height).
Reading the Lesson
1. In each case below, the measures of three parts of a triangle are given. For each case,
write the formula you would use to find the area of the triangle. Show the formulas with
specific values substituted, but do not actually calculate the area. If there is not enough
information provided to find the area of the triangle by using the area formulas on page
725 in your textbook and without finding other parts of the triangle first, explain why.
a. A 48, b 9, c 5
1
2
(9)(5) sin 48
b. a 15, b 15, C 120
1
2
(15)(15) sin 120
c. b 16, c 10, B 120 Not enough information; B is not the included
angle between the two given sides.
2. Tell whether the equation must be true based on the Law of Sines. Write yes or no.
a.
sin
b
A

sin
a
B
no b.
sin
b
B

sin
c
C
yes
c. a sin C c sin A yes d. b
a
s
s
in
in
B
A
no
3. Determine whether ABC has no solution, one solution, or two solutions. Do not try to
solve the triangle.
a. a 20, A 30, B 70 one solution
b. A 55, b 5, a 3 (b sin A 4.1) no solution
c. c 12, A 100, a 30 one solution
d. C 27, b 23.5, c 17.5 (b sin C 10.7) two solutions
4. Suppose that you are taking a quiz and cannot remember whether the formula for the
area of a triangle is Area
1
2
ab cos C or Area
1
2
ab sin C. How can you quickly
remember which of these is correct? Sample answer: The formula has to work
when C is a right angle. The formula cannot contain cos C because
cos 90 0 and this would make the area of a right triangle be 0.
Navigation
The bearing of a boat is an angle showing the direction the boat
is heading. Often, the angle is measured from north, but it can
be measured from any of the four compass directions. At the
right, the bearing of the boat is 155. Or, it can be described as
25 east of south (S25E).
A boat A sights the lighthouse B in the
direction N65E and the spire of a church C in the
direction S75E. According to the map, B is 7 miles
from C in the direction N30W. In order for A to avoid
running aground, find the bearing it should keep to
pass B at 4 miles distance.
In ABC, 180 65 75 or 40
C 180 30 (180 75)
45
a 7 miles
With the Law of Sines,
AB
a
s
s
in
in
C

7(
s
s
i
i
n
n
4
4
0
5
)
7.7 mi.
The ray for the correct bearing for A must be tangent
at X to circle B with radius BX 4. Thus ABX is a
right triangle.
Then sin
B
AB
X

7
4
.7
0.519. Therefore, 3118.
The bearing of A should be 65 3118 or 3342 .
Solve the following.
1. Suppose the lighthouse B in the example is sighted at S30W by a ship P
due north of the church C. Find the bearing P should keep to pass B at
4 miles distance.
2. In the fog, the lighthouse keeper determines by radar that a boat
18 miles away is heading to the shore. The direction of the boat from the
lighthouse is S80E. What bearing should the lighthouse keeper radio the
boat to take to come ashore 4 miles south of the lighthouse?
3. To avoid a rocky area along a shoreline, a ship at M travels 7 km to R,
bearing 2215, then 8 km to P, bearing 6830, then 6 km to Q, bearing
10915. Find the distance from M to Q.
N
N
N30W
4 mi
7 mi
N65E
S75E
A
B
C
a
X
N
W E
S
155
25
Enrichment
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-4 13-4
Example Example
Law of Cosines
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Law of Cosines
Law of Cosines Let ABC be any triangle with a, b, and c representing the measures of the sides,
and opposite angles with measures A, B, and C, respectively. Then the following
equations are true.
a
2
b
2
c
2
2bc cos A
b
2
a
2
c
2
2ac cos B
c
2
a
2
b
2
2ab cos C
You can use the Law of Cosines to solve any triangle if you know the measures of two sides
and the included angle, or the measures of three sides.
Solve ABC.
You are given the measures of two sides and the included angle.
Begin by using the Law of Cosines to determine c.
c
2
a
2
b
2
2ab cos C
c
2
28
2
15
2
2(28)(15)cos 82
c
2
892.09
c 29.9
Next you can use the Law of Sines to find the measure of angle A.
sin
a
A

sin
c
C
si
2
n
8
A

si
2
n
9
8
.9
2
sin A 0.9273
A 68
The measure of B is about 180 (82 68) or about 30.
Solve each triangle described below. Round measures of sides to the nearest tenth
and angles to the nearest degree.
1. a 14, c 20, B 38 2. A 60, c 17, b 12
b 12.4, A 44, C 98 a 15.1, B 43, C 77
3. a 4, b 6, c 3 4. A 103, b 31, c 52
A 36, B 118, C 26 a 66, B 27, C 50
5. a 15, b 26, C 132 6. a 31, b 52, c 43
c 38, A 17, B 31 A 36, B 88, C 56
A
B
C
c
82
15
28
A B
C
c
a
b
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Choose the Method
Given Begin by Using
Solving an
two angles and any side Law of Sines
Oblique Triangle
two sides and a non-included angle Law of Sines
two sides and their included angle Law of Cosines
three sides Law of Cosines
Determine whether ABC should be
solved by beginning with the Law of Sines or Law of
Cosines. Then solve the triangle. Round the measure
of the side to the nearest tenth and measures of angles
to the nearest degree.
You are given the measures of two sides and their included
angle, so use the Law of Cosines.
a
2
b
2
c
2
2bc cos A Law of Cosines
a
2
20
2
8
2
2(20)(8) cos 34 b 20, c 8, A 34
a
2
198.71 Use a calculator.
a 14.1 Use a calculator.
Use the Law of Sines to find B.
sin
b
B

sin
a
A
Law of Sines
sin B
20
1
s
4
in
.1
34
b 20, A 34, a 14.1
B 128 Use the sin
1
function.
The measure of angle C is approximately 180 (34 128) or about 18.
Determine whether each triangle should be solved by beginning with the Law of
Sines or Law of Cosines. Then solve each triangle. Round measures of sides to the
1. 2. 3.
Law of Sines; A 108, Law of Cosines; c Law of Cosines; A
B 47, b 13.8 11.9, B 15, A 37 74, B 61, C 45
4. A 58, a 12, b 8.5 5. a 28, b 35, c 20 6. A 82, B 44, b 11
Law of Sines; B 37, Law of Cosines; A Law of Sines; a 15.7,
C 85, c 14.1 53, B 92, C 35 c 12.8, C 54
A
B
C
16
20
22
A
B
C
128
4
9
A
B
C
b
25
8
18
A
B
C
a
34
8
20
Law of Cosines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-5 13-5
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Skills Practice
Law of Cosines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
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1. 2. 3.
cosines; B 23, sines; A 27, cosines; A 143,
C 116, a 5.1 C 119, c 7.9 B 20, C 18
4. 5. 6.
cosines; A 104, cosines; A 41, sines; B 30,
B 47, C 29 C 54, b 6.1 a 2.7, c 6.1
7. C 71, a 3, b 4 8. A 11, C 27, c 50
cosines; A 43, B 66, c 4.1 sines; B 142, a 21.0, b 67.8
9. C 35, a 5, b 8 10. B 47, a 20, c 24
cosines; A 37, B 108, c 4.8 cosines; A 55, C 78, b 17.9
11. A 71, C 62, a 20 12. a 5, b 12, c 13
sines; B 47, b 15.5, c 18.7 cosines; A 23, B 67, C 90
13. A 51, b 7, c 10 14. a 13, A 41, B 75
cosines; B 44, C 85, a 7.8 sines; C 64, b 19.1, c 17.8
15. B 125, a 8, b 14 16. a 5, b 6, c 7
sines; A 28, C 27, c 7.8 cosines; A 44, B 57, C 78
4
C
A
B
130
20
4
C
A
B
85
5
4
C
A
B
3
2
10
C
A
B
18
9
34
C
A
B
4
5
41
C
A
B
3
7
1. 2. 3.
cosines; c 12.8, cosines; A 36, sines; B 60,
A 67, B 33 B 26, C 117 a 46.0, b 40.4
4. a 16, b 20, C 54 5. B 71, c 6, a 11
cosines; A 51, B 75, c 16.7 cosines; A 77, C 32, b 10.7
6. A 37, a 20, b 18 7. C 35, a 18, b 24
sines; B 33, C 110, c 31.2 cosines; A 48, B 97, c 13.9
8. a 8, b 6, c 9 9. A 23, b 10, c 12
cosines; A 61, B 41, C 79 cosines; B 54, C 103, a 4.8
10. a 4, b 5, c 8 11. B 46.6, C 112, b 13
cosines; A 24, B 31, C 125 sines; A 21, a 6.5, c 16.6
12. A 46.3, a 35, b 30 13. a 16.4, b 21.1, c 18.5
sines; B 38, C 95, c 48.2 cosines; A 48, B 74, C 57
14. C 43.5, b 8, c 6 15. A 78.3, b 7, c 11
sines; A 70, B 67, a 8.2 cosines; B 36, C 66, a 11.8
16. SATELLITES Two radar stations 2.4 miles apart are tracking an airplane.
The straight-line distance between Station A and the plane is 7.4 miles.
The straight-line distance between Station B and the plane is 6.9 miles.
What is the angle of elevation from Station A to the plane? Round to the
nearest degree. 69
17. DRAFTING Marion is using a computer-aided drafting program to produce a drawing
for a client. She begins a triangle by drawing a segment 4.2 inches long from point A to
point B. From B, she moves 42 degrees counterclockwise from the segment connecting A
and B and draws a second segment that is 6.4 inches long, ending at point C. To the
nearest tenth, how long is the segment from C to A? 9.9 in.
A B
2.4 mi
6.9 mi
7.4 mi
C
A
B
30
40
80
6
C
A
B
3
4
7
C
A
B
12
80
Practice (Average)
Law of Cosines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-5 13-5
Law of Cosines
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
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Pre-Activity How can you determine the angle at which to install a satellite dish?
One side of the triangle in the figure is not labeled with a length. What does
the length of this side represent? Is this length greater than or less than the
distance from the satellite to the equator?
the distance from the satellite to Valparaiso; greater than
Reading the Lesson
1. Each of the following equations can be changed into a correct statement of the Law of
Cosines by making one change. In each case, indicate what change should be made to
make the statement correct.
a. b
2
a
2
c
2
2ac cos B Change the second to .
b. a
2
b
2
c
2
2bc sin A Change sin A to cos A.
c. c a
2
b
2
2ab cos C Change c to c
2
.
d. a
2
b
2
c
2
2bc cos A Change the first to .
2. Suppose that you are asked to solve ABC given the following information about the
sides and angles of the triangle. In each case, indicate whether you would begin by using
the Law of Sines or the Law of Cosines.
a. a 8, b 7, c 6 Law of Cosines
b. b 9.5, A 72, B 39 Law of Sines
c. C 123, b 22.95, a 34.35 Law of Cosines
3. It is often easier to remember a complicated procedure if you can break it down into
small steps. Describe in your own words how to use the Law of Cosines to find the length
of one side of a triangle if you know the lengths of the other two sides and the measure
of the included angle. Use numbered steps. (You may use mathematical terms, but do not
use any mathematical symbols.)
Sample answer: 1. Square each of the lengths of the two known sides.
2. Add these squares. 3. Find the cosine of the included angle. 4.
Multiply this cosine by two times the product of the lengths of the two
known sides. 5. Subtract the product from the sum. 6. Take the positive
square root of the result.
The Law of Cosines and the Pythagorean Theorem
The law of cosines bears strong similarities to the
Pythagorean theorem. According to the law of cosines,
if two sides of a triangle have lengths a and b and if
the angle between them has a measure of x, then the
length, y, of the third side of the triangle can be found
by using the equation
y
2
a
2
b
2
2ab cos x.
Answer the following questions to clarify the relationship between
the law of cosines and the Pythagorean theorem.
1. If the value of x becomes less and less, what number is cos x close to?
2. If the value of x is very close to zero but then increases, what happens to
cos x as x approaches 90?
3. If x equals 90, what is the value of cos x? What does the equation of
y
2
a
2
b
2
2ab cos x simplify to if x equals 90?
4. What happens to the value of cos x as x increases beyond 90 and
approaches 180?
5. Consider some particular value of a and b, say 7 for a and 19 for b. Use a
graphing calculator to graph the equation you get by solving
y
2
7
2
19
2
2(7)(19) cos x for y.
a. In view of the geometry of the situation, what range of values should
you use for X?
b. Display the graph and use the TRACE function. What do the maximum
and minimum values appear to be for the function?
c. How do the answers for part b relate to the lengths 7 and 19? Are the
maximum and minimum values from part b ever actually attained in
the geometric situation?
a
y
b
x
Enrichment
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-5 13-5
Circular Functions
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
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6 Unit Circle Definitions
If the terminal side of an angle in standard position
Definition of intersects the unit circle at P(x, y), then cos x and
Sine and Cosine sin y. Therefore, the coordinates of P can be
written as P(cos , sin ).
Given an angle in standard position, if P , lies on the
terminal side and on the unit circle, find sin and cos .
P
,

P(cos , sin ), so sin and cos .
If is an angle in standard position and if the given point P is located on the
terminal side of and on the unit circle, find sin and cos .
1. P
,

2. P(0, 1)
sin
1
2
, cos
2
3
sin 1, cos 0
3. P
,

4. P
,

sin
3
5
, cos
2
3
sin
3
5
, cos
4
5
5. P
,

6. P
,

sin
6
35
, cos
1
6
sin
3
4
, cos
4
7
7. P is on the terminal side of 45. 8. P is on the terminal side of 120.

sin
2
2
, cos
2
2
sin
2
3
, cos
1
2
9. P is on the terminal side of 240. 10. P is on the terminal side of 330.

sin
2
3
, cos
1
2
sin
1
2
, cos
2
3
4
7
4
35
6
1
6
3
5
4
5
5
3
2
3
1
2
3
2
5
6
11
6
11
6
5
6
11
6
5
6
x
y
O
(1,0)
(1,0)
(0,1)
(0,1)
P(cos , sin )
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Periodic Functions
Periodic A function is called periodic if there is a number a such that f (x) f (x a) for all x in the domain of
Functions the function. The least positive value of a for which f (x) f (x a) is called the period of the function.
The sine and cosine functions are periodic; each has a period of 360 or 2.
Find the exact value of each function.
a. sin 855
sin 855 sin(135 720) sin 135
b. cos
31
6
cos

cos
cos
Determine the period of the function graphed below.
The pattern of the function repeats every 10 units,
so the period of the function is 10.
1. cos (240)
1
2
2. cos 2880 1 3. sin (510)
1
2
4. sin 495 5. cos
5
2
0 6. sin
5
3
2
3
7. cos
11
4
8. sin
3
4
9. cos 1440 1
10. sin (750)
1
2
11. cos 870
2
3
12. cos 1980 1
13. sin 7 0 14. sin
13
4
15. cos
23
6
2
3
16. Determine the period of the function.

5
2
y
O
1
1

2 3 4 5
y
O
1
1
5 10
15 20 25 30 35
3
2
7
6
7
6
31
6
2
2
Circular Functions
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-6 13-6
Example 1 Example 1
Example 2 Example 2
Exercises Exercises
Skills Practice
Circular Functions
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
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The given point P is located on the unit circle. Find sin and cos .
1. P
3
5
,
4
5
sin
4
5
, 2. P
1
5
3
,
1
1
2
3
sin
1
1
2
3
, 3. P
4
9
1
,
4
4
0
1
sin
cos cos
1
5
3

4
4
0
1
, cos
4
9
1
4. P(0, 1) sin 1, 5. P(1, 0) sin 0, 6. P
1
2
,
2
3
sin
cos 0 cos 1
2
, cos
1
2

7. cos 45 8. sin 210
1
2
9. sin 330
1
2
10. cos 330

2
11. cos (60)
1
2
12. sin (390)
1
2
13. sin 5 0 14. cos 3 1 15. sin

5
2
1
16. sin
7
3
2
17. cos
7
3

1
2
18. cos
5
6
Determine the period of each function.

19. 4
20. 2
21. 2 y
O
1
1

2 3 4
y
x O
2
2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
y
O
2
2
1

2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
3

The given point P is located on the unit circle. Find sin and cos .
1. P
1
2
,
2
3
sin
2
3
, 2. P
2
2
0
9
,
2
2
1
9
sin
2
2
1
9
, 3. P(0.8, 0.6) sin 0.6,
cos
1
2
cos
2
2
0
9
cos 0.8
4. P(0, 1) sin 1, 5. P
,

sin 6. P
,
1
2
sin
1
2
,
cos 0
2
2
, cos
2
2
cos
2
3

7. cos
7
4
2
2
8. sin (30)
1
2
9. sin
2
3
2
3
10. cos (330)
2
3
11. cos 600

1
2
12. sin
9
2
1 13. cos 7 1 14. cos
11
4
2
2
15. sin (225)
2
2
16. sin 585
2
2
17. cos
10
3

1
2
18. sin 840
2
3

19. 4
20. 2
21. FERRIS WHEELS A Ferris wheel with a diameter of 100 feet completes 2.5 revolutions
per minute. What is the period of the function that describes the height of a seat on the
outside edge of the Ferris Wheel as a function of time? 24 s
y
O
1
2
1

2 3 4 5 6
y
O
1
2
1
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 9

3
2
2
2
2
2
Practice (Average)
Circular Functions
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-6 13-6
Circular Functions
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
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6 Pre-Activity How can you model annual temperature fluctuations?
If the graph in your textbook is continued, what month will x 17
represent? May of the following year
About what do you expect the average high temperature to be for that
month? 24.2F
Will this be exactly the average high temperature for that month?
Explain your answer. Sample answer: No; temperatures vary
from year to year.
Reading the Lesson
1. Use the unit circle on page 740 in your textbook to find the exact values of each expression.
a. cos 45
2
2
b. sin 150
1
2
c. sin 240
2
3
d. sin 315
2
2
e. cos 270 0 f. sin 210
1
2
g. cos 0 1 h. sin 180 0 i. cos 330
2
3
2. Tell whether each function is periodic. Write yes or no.

a. y 2x no b. y x
2
no c. y cos x yes d. y | x| no
3. Find the period of each function by examining its graph.
a. 4 b.
c. 6
4. What is an easy way to remember the periods of the sine and cosine functions in radian
measure? Sample answer: The period of both functions is 2, which is the
circumference of the unit circle.
y
x O
4
4
4 8 4 8
y
x O
1
1

2
2
y
x O
2
2
2 4 2 4
Polar Coordinates
Consider an angle in standard position with its vertex
at a point O called the pole. Its initial side is on a
coordinated axis called the polar axis. A point P on
the terminal side of the angle is named by the polar
coordinates (r, ) where r is the directed distance of
the point from O and is the measure of the angle.
Graphs in this system may be drawn on polar
coordinate paper such as the kind shown at the right.
The polar coordinates of a point are not unique. For
example, (3, 30) names point P as well as (3, 390).
Another name for P is (3, 210). Can you see why?
The coordinates of the pole are (0, ) where may
be any angle.
Draw the graph of the function
r cos . Make a table of convenient values for
and r. Then plot the points.
Since the period of the cosine function is 180, values of r
for 180 are repeated.
Graph each function by making a table of values and plotting the
values on polar coordinate paper.
1. r 4 2. r 3 sin
3. r 3 cos 2 4. r 2(1 cos )
90
120
150
180
210
240
270
300
330
30
60
0
O
P
Enrichment
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0 30 60 90 120 150 180
r 1
2
3

1
2
0
1
2

2
3
1
Example Example
Inverse Trigonometric Functions
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Solve Equations Using Inverses If the domains of trigonometric functions are
restricted to their principal values, then their inverses are also functions.
Principal Values
y Sin x if and only if y sin x and
2
x
2
.
of Sine, Cosine, y Cos x if and only if y cos x and 0 x .
and Tangent
y Tan x if and only if y tan x and
.
Inverse Sine, Given y Sin x, the inverse Sine function is defined by y Sin
1
x or y Arcsin x.
Cosine, and Given y Cos x, the inverse Cosine function is defined by y Cos
1
x or y Arccos x.
Tangent Given y Tan x, the inverse Tangent function is given by y Tan
1
x or y Arctan x.
Solve x Sin
1
2
3
.
If x Sin
1

, then Sin x and
2
x
2
.
The only x that satisfies both criteria is x
3
or 60.
Solve Arctan
3
3
x.
If x Arctan

, then Tan x and
2
x
2
.
The only x that satisfies both criteria is
6
or 30.
Solve each equation by finding the value of x to the nearest degree.
1. Cos
1

x 150 2. x Sin
1
60
3. x Arccos (0.8) 143 4. x Arctan 3 60
5. x Arccos

135 6. x Tan
1
(1) 45
7. Sin
1
0.45 x 27 8. x Arcsin

60
9. x Arccos
1
2
120 10. Cos

1
(0.2) x 102
11. x Tan
1
(3) 60 12. x Arcsin 0.3 17
13. x Tan
1
(15) 86 14. x Cos
1
1 0
15. Arctan
1
(3) x 72 16. x Sin
1
(0.9) 64
17. Arccos
1
0.15 81 18. x Tan
1
0.2 11
3
2
2
2
3
2
3
2
3
3
3
3
3
2
3
2
Example 1 Example 1
Example 2 Example 2
Exercises Exercises
Trigonometric Values You can use a calculator to find the values of trigonometric
expressions.
Find each value. Write angle measures in radians. Round to the
nearest hundredth.
a. Find tan
Sin
1
1
2
.
Let Sin
1
1
2
. Then Sin
1
2
with
2
. The value
6
satisfies both
conditions. tan
6
so tan
Sin
1
1
2
.
b. Find cos (Tan
1
4.2).
KEYSTROKES: [tan
1
] 4.2 .2316205273
Therefore cos (Tan
1
4.2) 0.23.
Find each value. Write angle measures in radians. Round to the nearest
hundredth.
1. cot (Tan
1
2)
1
2
2. Arctan(1) 0.79 3. cot
1
1 1.27
4. cos
Sin
1

0.71 5. Sin
1

1.05 6. sin
Arcsin
0.87
7. tan
Arcsin
5
7
1.02 8. sin
Tan
1
1
5
2
0.38 9. sin [Arctan

1
(2)] 0.82
10. Arccos

2.62 11. Arcsin

1.05 12. Arccot

1.91
13. cos [Arcsin (0.7)] 0.71 14. tan (Cos
1
0.28) 3.43 15. cos (Arctan 5) 0.20
16. Sin
1
(0.78) 0.89 17. Cos
1
0.42 1.14 18. Arctan (0.42) 0.40
19. sin (Cos
1
0.32) 0.95 20. cos (Arctan 8) 0.12 21. tan (Cos
1
0.95) 0.33
3
3
3
2
3
2
3
2
3
2
2
2
ENTER 2nd COS
3
3
3
3
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-7 13-7
Example Example
Exercises Exercises
Skills Practice
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13-7 13-7
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7
Write each equation in the form of an inverse function.
1. cos cos
1
2. sin b a sin
1
a b
3. y tan x x tan
1
y 4. cos 45 cos
1
2
2
45
5. b sin 150 150 sin
1
b 6. tan y
4
5
tan
1
4
5
y
7. x Cos
1
(1) 180 8. Sin
1
(1) x 90
9. Tan
1
1 x 45 10. x Arcsin

60
11. x Arctan 0 0 12. x Arccos
1
2
60
hundredth.
13. Sin
1
0.79 radians 14. Cos
1

2.62 radians
15. Tan
1
3 1.05 radians 16. Arctan

0.52 radians
17. Arccos

2.36 radians 18. Arcsin 1 1.57 radians
19. sin (Cos
1
1) 0 20. sin
Sin
1
1
2
0.5
21. tan
Arcsin
1.73 22. cos (Tan

1
3) 0.32
23. sin [Arctan (1)] 0.71 24. sin
Arccos

0.71
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
2
2
3
2
2
2
Write each equation in the form of an inverse function.
1. cos 2. tan 3. y tan 120
cos
1
tan
1
120 tan
1
y
4.
1
2
cos x 5. sin
2
3
6. cos
3

1
2
x cos
1
1
2
sin
1
2
3

2
3
cos
1
1
2


7. Arcsin 1 x 90 8. Cos
1
x 30 9. x tan
1

30
10. x Arccos 45 11. x Arctan (3) 60 12. Sin
1
1
2
x 30
hundredth.
13. Cos
1

14. Sin
1

15. Arctan

2.62 radians 0.79 radians 0.52 radians
16. tan
Cos
1
1
2
17. cos
Sin
1
3
5
18. cos [Arctan (1)]

1.73 0.8 0.71
19. tan
sin
1
1
1
2
3
20. sin
Arctan
21. Cos
1
tan
3
4
2.4 0.5 3.14 radians

22. Sin
1
cos
23. sin
2 Cos
1
1
1
5
7
24. cos
2 Sin
1
0.52 radians 0.83 0.5

25. PULLEYS The equation x cos
1
0.95 describes the angle through which pulley A moves,
and y cos
1
0.17 describes the angle through which pulley B moves. Both angles are
greater than 270 and less than 360. Which pulley moves through a greater angle?
pulley A
26. FLYWHEELS The equation y Arctan 1 describes the counterclockwise angle through
which a flywheel rotates in 1 millisecond. Through how many degrees has the flywheel
rotated after 25 milliseconds? 1125
3
2
3
3
3
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
3
3
3
2
3
2
Practice (Average)
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-7 13-7
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-7 13-7
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Pre-Activity How are inverse trigonometric functions used in road design?
Read the introduction to Lesson 13-7 at the top of page 746 in your
textbook.
Suppose you are given specific values for v and r. What feature of your
graphing calculator could you use to find the approximate measure of the
banking angle ? Sample answer: the TABLE feature
Reading the Lesson
1. Indicate whether each statement is true or false.
a. The domain of the function y sin x is the set of all real numbers. true
b. The domain of the function y Cos x is 0 x . true
c. The range of the function y Tan x is 1 y 1. false
d. The domain of the function y Cos
1
x is
2
x
2
. false
e. The domain of the function y Tan
1
x is the set of all real numbers. true
f. The range of the function y Arcsin x is 0 x . false
2. Answer each question in your own words.
a. What is the difference between the functions y sin x and the function y Sin x?
Sample answer: The domain of y sin x is the set of all real numbers,
while the domain of y Sin x is restricted to
2
x
2
.
b. Why is it necessary to restrict the domains of the trigonometric functions in order to
define their inverses? Sample answer: Only one-to-one functions have
inverses. None of the six basic trigonometric functions is one-to-one,
but related one-to-one functions can be formed if the domains are
restricted in certain ways.
3. What is a good way to remember the domains of the functions
y Sin x, y Cos x, and y Tan x, which are also the range
of the functions y Arcsin x, y Arccos x, and y Arctan x?
(You may want to draw a diagram.) Sample answer: Each
restricted domain must include an interval of
numbers for which the function values are positive
and one for which they are negative.
Snells Law
Snells Law describes what happens to a ray of light that passes from air into
water or some other substance. In the figure, the ray starts at the left and
makes an angle of incidence with the surface.
Part of the ray is reflected, creating an angle of reflection . The rest of the
ray is bent, or refracted, as it passes through the other medium. This creates
angle .
The angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
The angles of incidence and refraction are related by Snells Law:
sin k sin
The constant k is called the index of refraction.
Use Snells Law to solve the following. Round angle measures to the
nearest tenth of a degree.
1. If the angle of incidence at which a ray of light strikes the surface of a
window is 45 and k 1.6, what is the measure of the angle of refraction?
2. If the angle of incidence of a ray of light that strikes the surface of water
is 50, what is the angle of refraction?
3. If the angle of refraction of a ray of light striking a quartz crystal is 24,
what is the angle of incidence?
4. The angles of incidence and refraction for rays of light were measured five
times for a certain substance. The measurements (one of which was in
error) are shown in the table. Was the substance glass, quartz, or diamond?
5. If the angle of incidence at which a ray of light strikes the surface of
ethyl alcohol is 60, what is the angle of refraction?
15 30 40 60 80
9.7 16.1 21.2 28.6 33.2
k Substance
1.33 Water
1.36 Ethyl alcohol
1.54 Rock salt and Quartz
1.461.96 Glass
2.42 Diamond
Enrichment
NAME ______________________________________________ DATE ____________ PERIOD _____
13-7 13-7

'
Chapter 13 Test, Form 1
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Write the letter for the correct answer in the blank at the right of each question.
1. Find the value of tan .
A.
4
3
B.
3
4
C.
4
5
D.
5
3
1.
2. Which equation can be used to find x?
A. cos 60
4
x
B. tan 60
4
x
C. sin 60
4
x
D. cot 60
4
x
2.
3. Find P to the nearest degree.
A. 21 B. 23
C. 67 D. 69 3.
4. Rewrite 90 in radian measure.
A.
2
B.
9
0
C.
4
D.
2
4.
5. Rewrite
6
radians in degree measure.
A. 30 B. 30 C. 120 D. 60 5.
6. Which angle is coterminal with a 90 angle in standard position?
A. 540 B. 450 C. 90 D. 270 6.
7. Find the exact value of cos if the terminal side of in standard position
contains the point (8, 15).
A.
1
8
7
B.
1
8
7
C.
1
8
5
D.
1
1
5
7
7.
8. What is the reference angle for 150?
A. 150 B. 60 C. 210 D. 30 8.
9. Find the exact value of sin 150.
A.
2
3
B.
2
3
C.
1
2
D.
1
2
9.
10. Which formula can be used to find the area of ABC?
A. area
1
2
ac sin C B. area
1
2
ab sin A
C. area
1
2
bc sin A D. area
1
2
bc sin B 10.
13 13
5
4
3
4
60
x
5
13
12
P
R Q
Chapter 13 Test, Form 1 (continued)
11. In ABC, A 42, C 56, and a 12. Find c.
A. 9.7 B. 21.6 C. 16.0 D. 14.9 11.
12. Determine the number of solutions for ABC if A 139, a 12, and b 19.
A. no solution B. 1 solution C. 2 solutions D. 3 solutions 12.
13. In ABC, find a if b 2, c 6, and A 35.
A. 20.3 B. 7.7 C. 5.5 D. 4.5 13.
14. Which triangle should be solved by beginning with the Law of Cosines?
A. A 20, C 50, b 3 B. a 13, b 24, c 24
C. A 30, a 5, b 7 D. B 45, C 25, c 10 14.
15. P

4
5
,
3
5
is located on the unit circle. Find cos .

A.
4
5
B.
4
5
C.
3
5
D.
3
4
15.
A.
1
2
B.
1
2
C. 0 D. 1 16.
A. 2 B. 8
C. 3 D. 4 17.
18. Solve y Sin
1
2
3
.
A. 30 B. 60 C. 45 D. 90 18.
19. Find the value of Sin
1
(1).
A. 30 B. 45 C. 180 D. 90 19.
20. Find the value of cos (Cos
1
1).
A. 1 B. 1 C.
1
2
D.
1
2
20.
Bonus Find the perimeter of ABC to the nearest tenth if B:
A 25, C 90, and c 10 meters.
NAME DATE PERIOD
13 13
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4 6 8
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2A
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1. Find the value of csc A.
A.
1
8
7
B.
1
1
7
5
C.
1
8
7
D.
1
1
5
7
1.
A. sin 21
8
x
B. tan 21
8
x
C. tan 21
8
x
D. sin 21
8
x
2.
3. Find A to the nearest degree.
A. 49 B. 37
C. 41 D. 53 3.
4. Rewrite
2
9

A. 20 B. 80 C. 40 D.
4
0
4.
5. Which angle is coterminal with an angle in standard position measuring
5
9
?
A.
13
9
B.
5
9
C.
23
9
D.
10
9
5.
6. Find the exact value of sin if the terminal side of in standard position
A.
4
5
B.
3
5
C.
3
5
D.
4
5
6.
7. Find the exact value of cot 450.
A. 0 B. undefined C. 1 D. 1 7.
8. Find the exact value of cos
.
A.
2
2
B.
2
2
C.
2
3
D.
2
3
8.
9. In ABC, A 40, B 60, and a 5. Find b.
A. 6.4 B. 7.5 C. 6.7 D. 3.7 9.
10. Find the area of ABC if A 72, b 9 feet and c 10 feet.
A. 85.6 ft
2
B. 42.8 ft
2
C. 45.0 ft
2
D. 13.9 ft
2
10.
13 13
8
17
C
A
B
8
21
x
29
25 B
A
C
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2A (continued)
11. Which triangle has two solutions?
A. A 130, a 19, b 11 B. A 45, a 42, b 8
C. A 32, a 16, b 21 D. A 90, a 25, c 15 11.
12. In ABC, C 60, a 12, and b 5. Find c.
A. 109.0 B. 10.4 C. 11.8 D. 15.1 12.
13. Which triangle should be solved by beginning with the Law of Cosines?
A. A 115, a 19, b 13 B. A 62, B 15, b 10
C. B 48, a 22, b 5 D. A 50, b 20, c 18 13.
14. P
4
9
1
,
4
4
0
1
is located on the unit circle. Find sin .

A.
4
4
0
1
B.
4
9
1
C.
4
9
0
D.
4
9
0
14.
15. Find the exact value of cos (420).
A.
1
2
B.
1
2
C.
2
3
D.
2
3
15.
A. 2 B. 3
C. 6 D. 1 16.
17. Write the equation sin y x in the form of an inverse function.
A. y Sin
1
x B. x Sin
1
y C. y sin
1
x D. y Sin x 17.
18. Solve y Arcsin
1
2
.
A.
5
6
B.
5
6
C.
6
D.
6
18.
19. Find the value of Sin
1
1
2
.
A. 30 B. 30 C. 150 D. 330 19.
20. Find the value of tan
Tan
1
1
2
.
A. 1 B. 1 C.
1
2
D.
1
2
20.
Bonus From one point on the ground, the angle of elevation B:
to the top of a building is 35, while 100 feet closer, the
angle of elevation is 45. Find the height of the building
to the nearest foot.
NAME DATE PERIOD
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Chapter 13 Test, Form 2B
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1. Find the value of sec A.
A.
1
8
7
B.
1
8
7
C.
1
1
5
7
D.
1
1
7
5
1.
A. sin 32
7
x
B. cot 32
7
x
C. tan 32
7
x
D. cos 32
7
x
2.
3. Find A to the nearest degree.
A. 55 B. 30
C. 35 D. 60 3.
4. Rewrite
5
4

A. 450 B. 225 C. 225 D. 112.5 4.
5. Which angle is coterminal with a 400 angle in standard position?
A. 40 B. 80 C. 320 D. 400 5.
6. Find the exact value of cos if the terminal side of in standard position
A.
4
5
B.
3
5
C.
4
5
D.
3
5
6.
7. Find the exact value of cot (315).
A. 1 B. 2 C.
2
2
D. 2 7.
8. Find the exact value of sin
.
A.
1
2
B.
2
3
C.
2
2
D.
2
2
8.
9. In ABC, C 30, c 22, and b 42. Find B.
A. 73 B. 107 C. 77 D. 15 9.
10. Find the area of ABC if A 55, b 8 meters and c 14 meters.
A. 91.7 m
2
B. 32.1 m
2
C. 45.9 m
2
D. 56.0 m
2
10.
13 13
30
34
B
C A
7
32
x
26
15
B
C
A
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2B (continued)
11. Which triangle has no solution?
A. A 45, a 3, b 4 B. A 135, a 15, b 9
C. A 15, a 3, b 19 D. A 69, a 12, b 6 11.
12. In ABC, A 15, b 19, and c 12. Find a.
A. 64.5 B. 16.9 C. 30.7 D. 8.0 12.
13. Which triangle should be solved by beginning with the Law of Sines?
A. A 125, B 16, a 10 B. A 85, b 31, c 24
C. B 72, a 5, c 17 D. a 13, b 9, c 15 13.
14. P
4
4
0
1
,
4
9
1
is located on the unit circle. Find cos .

A.
4
9
1
B.
4
4
0
1
C.
4
9
0
D.
4
9
0
14.
A.
1
2
B.
1
2
C.
2
3
D.
2
3
15.
A. 60 B. 48
C. 2 D. 24 16.
17. Write the equation tan b c in the form of an inverse function.
A. b tan c B. c Tan
1
b C. b Tan
1
c D. tan
b
c
17.
18. Solve y Cos
1
2
2
.
A. 135 B. 45 C. 45 D. 135 18.
19. Find the value of Tan
1
3.
A.
3
B.
2
3
C.
3
D.
2
3
19.
Arccos
1
2
.
A. 1.36 B. 0.58 C. 1.73 D. 0.02 20.
Bonus From one point on the ground, the angle of elevation B:
to the top of a building is 34, while 100 feet closer, the
angle of elevation is 48. Find the height of the building
to the nearest foot.
NAME DATE PERIOD
13 13
y
x O
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2
2
24 36 48 60
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2C
1. Find the values of the six trigonometric
functions for angle . 1.
2. Solve ABC if a 3, c 7, and C 90. Round measures of 2.
sides to the nearest tenth and measures of angles to the
nearest degree.
3. Write an equation involving sin, cos, or 3.
tan that can be used to find x. Then solve
the equation, rounding to the nearest degree.
4. Rewrite 75 in radian measure. 4.
5. Rewrite
5
3
radians in degree measure. 5.

6. Find one angle with positive measure and one angle with 6.
negative measure coterminal with an angle in standard
position measuring
5
4
.
7. Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of
if the terminal side of in standard position contains the
point (4, 6). 7.
8. Sketch the angle with measure
5
3
radians. Then find its 8.

reference angle.
For Questions 9 and 10, find the exact value of each
trigonometric function.
9. sin
9.
10. cos 810 10.
11. Find the area of ABC if C 74, a 21 miles, and 11.
b 63 miles. Round to the nearest tenth.
O
y
x
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13 13
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Chapter 13 Test, Form 2C (continued)
Determine whether each triangle has no solution, one
solution, or two solutions. Then solve each triangle.
Round to the nearest tenth.
12. A 58, a 17, b 12 12.
13. A 110, a 6, b 15 13.
For Questions 14 and 15, determine whether each
triangle should be solved by beginning with the Law of
Sines or Law of Cosines. Then solve each triangle. Round
to the nearest tenth.
14. A 70, B 80, a 9 14.
15. C 114.6, a 5, b 7 15.
16. Given an angle in standard position, if P
1
2
,
2
3
lies 16.
on the terminal side and on the unit circle, find sin and
cos .
17. Find the exact value of sin
10
3
. 17.
18. Determine the period of the function. 18.
19. Solve x tan
1
(1). 19.
20. Find the value of sin
Arctan
3
3
. Round to the nearest 20.

hundredth.
Bonus A tree is observed on the opposite bank of a river. At that B:
point, the river is known to be 140 feet wide. The angle
of elevation from a point 5 feet off the ground to the top
of the tree is 20. Find the height of the tree to the
nearest foot.
NAME DATE PERIOD
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2
2
Chapter 13 Test, Form 2D

2. Solve ABC if c 8, a 5, and C 90. Round measures 2.
nearest degree.
3. Write an equation involving sin, cos, or tan 3.
that can be used to find x. Then solve the
equation, rounding to the nearest degree.
4. Rewrite 330 in radian measure. 4.
5. Rewrite
7
4
radians in degree measure. 5.

negative measure coterminal with an angle in standard
position measuring 120.
7. Find the exact values of the six trigonometric functions of 7.
point (12, 8).
8. Sketch the angle with measure
7
4
radians. Then find its 8.

reference angle.
9. cos
2
3
9.
10. sin 630 10.
11. Find the area of ABC if C 62, a 12 yards, and 11.
b 9 yards. Round to the nearest tenth.
O
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x
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13 13
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x

Chapter 13 Test, Form 2D (continued)
12. A 29, a 5, b 14 12.
13. A 60, a 9, b 6 13.
14. A 19, a 10, b 8 14.
15. C 45, a 4, b 9 15.
2
3
,
1
2
lies on
the terminal side and on the unit circle, find sin and cos . 16.
17. Find the exact value of cos
13
3
. 17.
18. Determine the period of the 18.
function.
19. Solve x Arcsin
1
2
. 19.
Tan
1
3
8
. 20.
Round to the nearest hundredth.
Bonus A tree is observed on the opposite bank of a river. At B:
that point, the river is known to be 120 feet wide. The
angle of elevation from a point 4 feet off the ground to
the top of the tree is 25. Find the height of the tree to
the nearest foot.
NAME DATE PERIOD
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4
2
4
Chapter 13 Test, Form 3

Solve ABC using the diagram at the right and
the given measurements. Round measures of
sides to the nearest tenth and measures of
2. B 25, a 7 2.
3. cos A
3
5
, b 6 3.
For Questions 4 and 5, rewrite each degree measure in
radians and each radian measure in degrees.
4. 315 4.
5. 5 5.
negative measure coterminal with 723.
point (3, 1).
8. cos (300) 8.
9. cot
9
4
9.
10. In ABC, a 12 meters, b 9 meters, and c 6 meters. 10.
Find the area of ABC. Round to the nearest tenth.
11. A 42, a 9, b 12 11.
12. A 59, a 10, b 7 12.
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A
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a B C
Chapter 13 Test, Form 3 (continued)
13. C 40.1, a 3, b 8.2 13.
14. C 132, a 15, c 26 14.
2
7
7
,
7
21
lies 15.
on the terminal side and on the unit circle, find sin and cos .
function.
16. sin
19
6
16.
17. 3(sin 120)(cos 120) 17.
18. Determine the period of the function. 18.
19. Solve Arccos
2
2
x. 19.
20. Find the value of cos
2 Sin
1
4
5
. Round to the nearest 20.

hundredth.
Bonus Given ABC with A 27. Point X lies on AC such that B:
BX 8 meters and BXC has measure 142. The area
of BXC is 21.9 square meters. Find the perimeter of
ABC to the nearest tenth.
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4 6 8 2
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.8
1.2
0.4
Chapter 13 Open-Ended Assessment

Demonstrate your knowledge by giving a clear, concise solution
to each problem. Be sure to include all relevant drawings and
justify your answers. You may show your solution in more than
one way or investigate beyond the requirements of the problem.
1. Stakes driven at points A and B in the diagram
indicate where a new bridge will be built over
the body of water shown. Monica, a surveyor,
must determine the length c of the new bridge.
She drives a third stake at point C, then uses a
transit to determine the measures of angles A,
B, and C.
a. Explain why Monica does not yet have enough information to find c.
b. What additional information can she determine to help her find c?
c. Select reasonable measures for angles A, B, and C, and for the information you
suggested in part b. Then determine the length of the bridge to the nearest whole
unit. Explain your method.
2. For XYZ with X 24, Z 90, y 13.7, and z 15, show three distinctly different
ways to find the length x of the third side of the triangle. Round to the nearest tenth.
3. Select any point P in Quadrant III. Explain how to find the measure of if the terminal
side of in standard position contains your point P. Round to the nearest degree.
4. The area of a sector with radius r and central
angle is given by A
1
2
r
2
, where is
measured in radians. Select any point Q in
Quadrant I. Explain how to find the area of the
sector bounded by , whose terminal side contains
your point Q, and the arc intercepted by (the area
shaded in the figure). Round to the nearest tenth.
5. a. Explain how to find the area of ABC with C 45, b 18 inches, and
c 92 inches using the formula area
1
2
bc sin A or
1
2
ac sin B or
1
2
ab sin C.
Determine the exact area.
b. Is it possible to find this area using the formula area
1
2
(base)(height)? Explain
your reasoning.
c. Explain the relationship, if any, between the two formulas.
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Chapter 13 Vocabulary Test/Review
Choose the letter of the term that best matches each phrase.
1. the acute angle formed by the terminal side of a
nonquadrantal angle and the x-axis
2. the ratio of the length of the side adjacent to an
acute angle of a right triangle to the length of the
hypotenuse
3. the formula that is used to solve a triangle when
two angles and one side are known
4. the inverse of the function y Sin x, which is the
sine function with a restricted domain
5. the angle between a line parallel to the ground and
the line of sight of an object
6. the side of an angle that is a ray fixed along the
positive x-axis when the angle is in standard position
7. the formula that is used to find the third side of a
triangle when two sides and the included angle are
known
8. the ratio of the length of the side opposite an acute
angle of a right triangle to the length of the adjacent
side
9. the side of an angle that is a ray that can rotate around
the origin
10. the reciprocal of the sine function
In your own words
Define each term.
11. standard position
12. unit circle
angle of depression
angle of elevation
Arccosine function
Arcsine function
Arctangent function
circular function
cosecant
cosine
cotangent
coterminal angles
initial side
Law of Cosines
Law of Sines
period
periodic
principal values
quadrantal angles
radian
reference angle
secant
sine
solve a right triangle
standard position
tangent
terminal side
trigonometric functions
trigonometry
unit circle
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13 13
a. Law of Cosines
b. tangent
c. Arcsine function
d. terminal side
e. reference angle
f. cosecant
g. Law of Sines
h. cosine
i. initial side
j. angle of elevation
Chapter 13 Quiz
(Lessons 131 and 132)
13 13
1. Find the values of the six trigonometric 1.
functions for angle .
2. Standardized Test Practice
If sin A
1
7
0
, find the value of cos A.
A.
7
14
1
9
49
B.
1
5
0
1
C.
1
7
0
D.
7
51
2.
3. Solve ABC if A 20, C 90, and b 10. Round measures 3.
nearest degree.
Draw an angle with the given measure in standard
position. Find one angle with positive measure and one
angle with negative measure coterminal with each angle.
4. 225 5.
NAME DATE PERIOD

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Chapter 13 Quiz
point (3, 1).
2. Find the exact value of the trigonometric function 2.
sin (135).
3. Sketch the angle
8
3
. Then find its reference angle. 3.

4. Find the area of ABC if A 110, b 10 inches, and 4.
c 19 inches. Round to the nearest tenth.
5. Determine whether ABC has no solution, one solution, or 5.
two solutions if A 15, a 12, and b 15. Then solve.
O
y
x
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4.
5.
17
15
O
y
x
O
y
x
Determine whether each triangle should be solved by
beginning with the Law of Sines or Law of Cosines. Then
solve each triangle. Round to the nearest tenth.
1. 2.
3. A 36, b 6, c 12 4. a 14, b 8, c 5
P
2
3
,
1
2
is located on the unit circle.

5. Find sin . 6. Find cos .
7. cos 540 8. sin
13
4

9. 10.
y
O
2
2
2
5
2
3
2
d
t
O
2
40
60
40
60
4 6 10 1 3 5 7 8 9
A C
B
10
15
20
A
B
C
6
9
50
Chapter 13 Quiz
(Lesson 137)
1. Write the equation tan y in the form of an inverse 1.
function.
2. Solve y Arctan 3. 2.
Find each value. Round to the nearest hundredth. 3.
3. Cos
1
1 4. cos
Sin
1
3
5
4.
5. cot
Arccos
1
6
5.
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Chapter 13 Quiz
13 13
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13 13
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
1.
2.
Chapter 13 Mid-Chapter Test
(Lessons 131 through 134)
1. If sin A
3
5
, find cos A.
A.
3
4
B.
4
5
C.
5
3
D.
4
3
1.
2. Rewrite 75 in radian measure.
A.
5
6
B.
5
1
2
C.
1
5
2
D.
5
2.
3. Rewrite
3
4

A. 135 B. 540 C. 270 D. 240 3.
4. Which angle is coterminal with 590?
A. 130 B. 50 C. 230 D. 140 4.
5. Which trigonometric function has a value of 0?
A. tan
2
B. sin 180 C. cos D. cot 0 5.
A. 3 B.
2
3
C.
1
2
D.
1
3
6.
8. Solve ABC if A 40, C 90, and b 10. Round measures 8.
nearest degree.
point (3, 6).
10. Find the area of ABC if A 98, b 45 feet, and 10.
c 61 feet. Round to the nearest tenth.
11. A 52, a 7, b 3 11.
12. A 137, a 10, b 15 12.
Part I
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Part II
Chapter 13 Cumulative Review
(Chapters 113)
1. Write an equation in slope-intercept form for the line that 1.
passes through (6, 5) and is perpendicular to the line whose
equation is 3x 2y 8. (Lesson 24)
Solve. Round to four decimal places, if necessary.
2.

3. ln 4x 6
(Lesson 41) (Lesson 105)
For Questions 4 and 5, simplify.
4. (2 7i)(5 6i) 5.
x
2
x
9
5x
3
15
(Lesson 59) (Lesson 92)

6. Write the quadratic function y 4x
2
24x 20 in vertex 6.
form. Then identify the vertex, axis of symmetry, and
direction of opening of the graph. (Lesson 66)
7. Write 13n
4
52n
2
in quadratic form, if possible. Then solve. 7.
(Lesson 73)
8. Find the coordinates of the vertices and foci and the 8.
equations of the asymptotes for the hyperbola with equation
y
2
4x
2
16. (Lesson 85)
9. Find the sum of the arithmetic series 9.
14 11 8
(10). (Lesson 112)

10. Use Pascals triangle to expand (m3)
5
. (Lesson 117) 10.
11. How many four-digit codes are possible if no digit can be 11.
used more than once? (Lesson 121)
12. Find the mean, median, mode, and standard deviation of 12.
the data set {26, 11, 5, 24, 12}. Round to the nearest
hundredth, if necessary. (Lesson 126)
For Questions 13 and 14, solve ABC using the given
measurements. Round measures of sides to the nearest
tenth and measures of angles to the nearest degree.
13. B 49, C 90, a 9 14. a 16, b 7, c 12
(Lesson 131) (Lessons 134 and 135)
15. Rewrite
7
4
radians in degree measure. (Lesson 132) 15.

16. Find the value of Cos
1
2
2
. (Lesson 137) 16.
4
13
3x 2y
4x y
NAME DATE PERIOD
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13.
14.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(Chapters 113)
1. Which real number is irrational?
A.
2
5
7
B. 0.257 C. 0.257 D. 0.2573 1.
2. Which expression is the greatest in value?
E. 27
1
3
F. 27
1
3
G. 27
1
3
H. 27
1
3
2.
3. Point B lies between points A and C such that the lengths AB and
BC are in the ratio 2:5. If AB is 30 units in length, what is the
length of AC?
A. 75 B. 105 C. 150 D. 42 3.
4. What is the sum of the integer factors of 36?
E. 97 F. 91 G. 85 H. 54 4.
5. What is the area of the shaded region
in the figure if the perimeter of square
QRST is 48 units?
A. 72 18 B. 72 6
C. 144 36 D. 72 72 5.
6. If x is defined, for all positive integers x, to be x 4
3
x,
what is the value of a
6
64 ?
E. 4a
3
32 F. 4a
2
4 G. 4a
2
16 H. 4a
3
16 6.
7. In the figure, what is the value of x?
A. 3 B. 45
C. 61 D. 31 7.
8. What is the sum of the squares of the
roots of the equation x
2
2x 80?
E. 36 F. 164 G. 4 H. 416 8.
9. What is the length of the diameter of the base of a cylinder if its
volume is 768 in
3
and its height is 12 in.?
A. 16 in. B. 8 in. C. 8 in. D. 64 in. 9.
10. Five people are to be seated on the stage during a graduation
ceremony. In how many different ways can the people be
arranged?
E. 5 F. 15 G. 24 H. 120 10.
H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
D C B A
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x
(2x 3)
Part 1: Multiple Choice
Instructions: Fill in the appropriate oval for the best answer.
Standardized Test Practice (continued)
11. The circle graph 11. 12.
shows the results
of a survey of
elementary school
students who
were asked to
select their
favorite color.
What percent of
the students
selected orange?
12. What is the 14th term of
13. 14.
the sequence 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ?
13. If one decasecond is equivalent to 10 seconds,
how many decaseconds are equivalent to 2
hours?
14. By how much does twice the sum of 50 and 20
exceed the quotient of 80 and 20?
Column A Column B
15. 15.
16. 16.
17. 17.
18. 18.
D C B A
The probability of selecting
an even integer when a
number is randomly chosen
from {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
The probability of selecting
a multiple of 3 when a
number is randomly chosen
from {5, 6, 7, 8, 9}
D C B A
(r t)
2
(r t)
2
where r 0, t 0
D C B A
z
2
z where
1
z
0
D C B A
3
1
a
0
30% of a where a 0
Part 3: Quantitative Comparison
Instructions: Compare the quantities in columns A and B. Shade in
if the quantity in column A is greater;
if the quantity in column B is greater;
if the quantities are equal; or
if the relationship cannot be determined from the information given.
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
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13 13
NAME DATE PERIOD
A
D
C
B
Ye llo w
3 6
R e d
4 8
B lu e
3 6
G re e n
3 6
O ra n g e
2 4
P u rp le
3 6
B ro w n
B la c k
1 2 1 2
Part 2: Grid In
Instructions: Enter your answer by writing each digit of the answer in a column box
and then shading in the appropriate oval that corresponds to that entry.
Student Record Sheet (Use with pages 758759 of the Student Edition.)
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill A1 Glencoe Algebra 2
NAME DATE PERIOD
13 13
A
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Select the best answer from the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval.
1 4 7 9
2 5 8 10
3 6
Solve the problem and write your answer in the blank.
For Questions 1217, also enter your answer by writing each number or symbol in
a box. Then fill in the corresponding oval for that number or symbol.
11 12 14 16
13 15 17
Select the best answer from the choices given and fill in the corresponding oval.
18 20
19 21
D C B A D C B A
D C B A D C B A
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0 0 0
. . .
/ /
.
9 9 9 9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
D C B A D C B A
D C B A D C B A D C B A D C B A
D C B A D C B A D C B A D C B A
Part 2 Short Response/Grid In Part 2 Short Response/Grid In
Part 1 Multiple Choice Part 1 Multiple Choice
Part 3 Quantitative Comparison Part 3 Quantitative Comparison
Answers (Lesson 13-1)
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2
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2
L e s s o n 1 3 - 5
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G
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A
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2
L e s s o n 1 3 - 5
P
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A
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8.
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10.
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12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
B
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B
A
C
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(continued on the next page)
Chapter 13 Assessment Answer Key
Form 1 Form 2A
Page 817 Page 818 Page 819
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B:
172 ft
C
A
C
C
D
B
B
A
D
C
C
A
A
A
B
C
B
C
D
A
234 ft
C
A
D
A
B
B
A
D
B
C
Form 2A (continued) Form 2B
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B:
56 ft
0.50
45 or
2
3
sin
2
3
, cos
1
2
Law of Cosines; A 26.8,

B 38.6, c 10.2
Law of Sines; C 30,
b 9.4, c 4.8
no solution
one; B 36.8, C 85.2,
c 20.0
635.9 mi
2
0
2
3
O
y
x
3

5
3

sin
3
13
13
;
cos
2
13
13
;
tan
3
2
; csc
3
13
;
sec
2
13
; cot
2
3
Sample answers:
13
4
,
3
4
300
5
1
sin x
1
7
2
; x 36
A 25; B 65; b 6.3
A
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s
w
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s
Form 2C
Page 823 Page 824
sin
1
5
3
; cos
1
1
2
3
;
tan
1
5
2
; csc
1
5
3
;
sec
1
1
3
2
; cot
1
5
2

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B:
60 ft
0.38
30 or
1
2
sin
1
2
, cos
2
3

B 110.4, c 6.8
Law of Sines; B 15.1,
C 145.9, c 17.2
one; B 35.3, C 84.7,
c 10.3
no solution
47.7 yd
2
1
1
2
O
y
x
4

7
4

sin
2
13
13
;
cos
3
13
13
;
tan
2
3
;
csc
2
13
;
sec
3
13
; cot
3
2
Sample answers:
240, 480
315
11
6
tan x
9
5
; x 61
A 39, B 51, b 6.2
Form 2D
Page 825 Page 826
sin
4
4
0
1
; cos
4
9
1
;
tan
4
9
0
; csc
4
4
1
0
;
sec
4
9
1
; cot
4
9
0

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
B:
51.7 m
0.28
135 or
3
4
3
4
3
1
2
sin
7
21
, cos
2
7
7
Law of Sines; A 25.4,

B 22.6, b 13.4
B 121.7, c 6.2
one; B 36.9, C 84.1,
c 11.6
two; B 63.1, C 74.9,
c 13.0; B 116.9,
C 21.1, c 4.8
26.1 m
2
1
1
2
sin
1
2
; cos
2
3
;
tan
3
3
; csc 2;
sec
2
3
3
; cot 3
Sample answers:
3, 357
00
286.5
7
4
A 53, B 37, a 8,
c 10
A 65; b 1.2, c 2.9
A
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Form 3
Page 827 Page 828
sin
2
13
13
; cos
3
13
13
;
tan
2
3
; csc
2
13
;
sec
3
13
; cot
3
2

Page 829, Open-Ended Assessment
Scoring Rubric
Score General Description Specific Criteria
Shows thorough understanding of the concepts of solving
problems involving right triangles, finding values of
trigonometric functions for general angles, using reference
angles, applying the Laws of Sines and Cosines, and
solving equations using inverse trigonometric functions.
Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
Computations are correct.
Written explanations are exemplary.
Goes beyond requirements of some or all problems.
Shows an understanding of the concepts of solving
problems involving right triangles, finding values of
Uses appropriate strategies to solve problems.
Computations are mostly correct.
Written explanations are effective.
Satisfies all requirements of problems.
Shows an understanding of most of the concepts of
solving problems involving right triangles, finding values of
May not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
Computations are mostly correct.
Written explanations are satisfactory.
Satisfies the requirements of most of the problems.
Final computation is correct.
No written explanations or work is shown to substantiate
the final computation.
Satisfies minimal requirements of some of the problems.
Shows little or no understanding of most of the concepts of
solving problems involving right triangles, finding values of
Does not use appropriate strategies to solve problems.
Computations are incorrect.
Written explanations are unsatisfactory.
Does not satisfy requirements of problems.
No answer may be given.
0 Unsatisfactory
An incorrect solution
indicating no mathematical
understanding of the
concept or task, or no
solution is given
1 Nearly Unsatisfactory
A correct solution with no
supporting evidence or
explanation
2 Nearly Satisfactory
A partially correct
interpretation and/or
solution to the problem
3 Satisfactory
A generally correct solution,
but may contain minor flaws
in reasoning or computation
4 Superior
A correct solution that
is supported by well-
developed, accurate
explanations
1a. Students should indicate that knowing
the measures of the angles of a
triangle gives no information about the
lengths of its sides.
1b. Students should explain that Monica
can determine the length b since it
does not involve measuring across the
body of water.
1c. Sample answer: For A 115, B 25,
C 40, and b 1000 yd, the Law of
Sines gives
s
1
in
00
2
0
5
sin
c
40
, so c 1521 yd.
2. Ideally, students should apply three of
the following methods: the Pythagorean
Theorem, the Law of Sines, the Law of
Cosines, a right triangle trigonometry
formula/definition, to find x 6.1.
(Students may, however, apply two
different right triangle formulas and the
Pythagorean Theorem as their three
methods, for example.)
Sample answers:
By the Pythagorean Theorem,
x
2
13.7
2
15
2
.
By the Law of Sines,
sin
x
24
sin
15
90
.
By the Law of Cosines,
x
2
15
2
13.7
2
2(15)(13.7)cos 24.
By right triangle trigonometry,
sin 24
1
x
5
.
3. Sample answer: For P(3, 4), x 3
and y 4, so tan
4
3
. This means
that tan
1
4
3
53 is the
reference angle for the angle in
Quadrant III. Thus,
180 53 233.
4. For any point Q(x, y) chosen, students
should use the relationship
r x
2
y
2
, or the distance formula, to
find the radius of the sector r. Then,
students should use an inverse
trigonometric function to find in
radians. Finally, students should
substitute these values for r and into
the given formula.
Sample answer: For Q(3, 4),
r 3
2
4
2
5,
tan
1
4
3
0.9273, so
A
1
2
(5
2
)(0.9273) 11.6 square units.
5a. Students should explain that they
must find the length of another side of
the triangle to be able to apply the
given formula. They must apply the
Law of Sines to determine that
B 90. This gives A 45 and
a 92 in. Applying the given
formula, area
1
2
(92)(92)sin 90
or area
1
2
(92)(18)sin 45, so
area 81 in
2
.
5b. Since ABC is a right triangle, it is
possible to apply the formula, so
area
1
2
(base)(height)
1
2
(92)(92) 81 in
2
.
5c. The formula area
1
2
(base)(height)
is a special case of the formula
area
1
2
ab sin C, where C is a right
angle, so sin C 1.
A
n
s
w
e
r
s
Page 829, Open-Ended Assessment
Sample Answers
In addition to the scoring rubric found on page A28, the following sample answers
may be used as guidance in evaluating open-ended assessment items.
1. e
2. h
3. g
4. c
5. j
6. i
7. a
8. b
9. d
10. f
11. Sample answer: The
position of an angle
if its vertex is at the
origin and its initial
side is on the
positive x-axis is its
standard position.
12. Sample answer: A
unit circle is a circle
with center at the
origin and radius 1.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Quiz (Lessons 133 and 134)
Page 831
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Quiz (Lessons 137)
Page 832
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
0.17
0.80
0
60 or
Tan
1
y or
Arctan y
2
2
2
3
1
2
Law of Cosines; no
solution
Law of Cosines; B 26.2,
C 117.8, a 8.0
B 104.5, C 28.9
Law of Sines; B 99.3,
C 30.7, b 11.6
two; B 18.9,
C 146.1, c 25.8;
B 161.1, C 3.9,
c 3.1
89.3 in
2
O
y
x
8
3

2
2
sin
1
1
0
0
; cos
3
10
10
;
tan
1
3
; csc 10 ;
sec
3
10
; cot 3
Sample
answers:
7
3
,
5
3
Sample
answers:
135, 585
B 70, a 3.6, c 10.6
B
sin
1
8
7
; cos
1
1
5
7
;
tan
1
8
5
; csc
1
8
7
;
sec
1
1
7
5
; cot
1
8
5

Vocabulary Test/Review Quiz (Lessons 131 and 132) Quiz (Lessons 135 and 136)
O
y
x
225
O
y
x
3
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
45
315
A 112, B 24,
C 44
A 41, b 10.4,
c 13.7
15.6, 12, no mode, 8.06
5040
m
5
15m
4
90m
3
270m
2
405m243
18
(0, 4); (0, 25);
y 2x
13(n
2
)
2
52(n
2
) 0;
2, 0, 2
y 4(x 3)
2
16;
(3, 16); x 3; up
52 23i
100.8572
x 2, y 5
y
2
3
x 1
no solution
one; B 19.7,
C 108.3, c 8.4
1359.1 ft
2
sin
2
5
5
; cos
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5
;
tan 2; csc
2
5
;
sec 5; cot
1
2
B 50, a 8.4, c 13.1

sin
8
55
; cos
3
8
;
tan
3
55
; csc
8
55
55
;
sec
8
3
; cot
3
55
55
B
B
C
A
B
B
A
n
s
w
e
r
s
Mid-Chapter Test Cumulative Review
Page 833 Page 834
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
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11. 12.
13. 14.
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H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
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H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
D C B A
H G F E
D C B A
Page 835 Page 836

Chapter 10 HW Coterminal Angles Glencoe Algebra II

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Chapter 10 HW Coterminal Angles Glencoe Algebra II

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Chapter 13

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill viii Glencoe Algebra 2

Reading to Learn Mathematics

Study Guide and Intervention (continued)

15. 4 720 16.

f. 210 iii vi.

, one positive and

. Negative angle: Subtract 2 from

Use a reference angle

3. (8, 15) 4. (4, 3)

5. (9, 40) 6. (1, 2)

Sketch each angle. Then find its reference angle.

Find the exact value of each trigonometric function.

Suppose is an angle in standard position whose terminal side is in the given

Find the exact value of each trigonometric function.

Suppose is an angle in standard position whose terminal side is in the given

Area of circumscribed polygon A

Use a calculator to complete the chart below for a unit circle

Find the area of ABC if a 10, b 14, and C 40.

7. P is on the terminal side of 45. 8. P is on the terminal side of 120.

9. P is on the terminal side of 240. 10. P is on the terminal side of 330.

4. sin 495 5. cos

16. Determine the period of the function.

4. P(0, 1) sin 1, 5. P(1, 0) sin 0, 6. P

Find the exact value of each function.

10. cos 330

13. sin 5 0 14. cos 3 1 15. sin

Determine the period of each function.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 808 Glencoe Algebra 2

Find the exact value of each function.

11. cos 600

1 13. cos 7 1 14. cos

15. sin (225)

Determine the period of each function.

g. cos 0 1 h. sin 180 0 i. cos 330

2. Tell whether each function is periodic. Write yes or no.

120 10. Cos

0.38 9. sin [Arctan

1.73 22. cos (Tan

Solve each equation by finding the value of x to the nearest degree.

18. cos [Arctan (1)]

2.4 0.5 3.14 radians

0.52 radians 0.83 0.5

is located on the unit circle. Find cos .

radians in degree measure.

is located on the unit circle. Find sin .

radians in degree measure.

is located on the unit circle. Find cos .

radians in degree measure. 5.

radians. Then find its 8.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 824 Glencoe Algebra 2

. Round to the nearest 20.

Chapter 13 Test, Form 2D

radians in degree measure. 5.

radians. Then find its 8.

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 826 Glencoe Algebra 2

Chapter 13 Test, Form 3

. Round to the nearest 20.

Chapter 13 Open-Ended Assessment

Glencoe/McGraw-Hill 830 Glencoe Algebra 2

NAME DATE PERIOD

. Then find its reference angle. 3.

is located on the unit circle.