410 FOUR PREGNANCY

DAILY FOOD PLAN FOR PREGNANCY AND LACTATION

Recommended Daily Recommended Daily
Food Group Nutrients Provided Food Source Amount During Pregnancy Amount During Lactation
Dairy products
Meat and meat
alternatives
Grain products, whole
grain or enriched
Fruits and fruit juices
Vegetables and
vegetable juices
Fats
Sugar and sweets
Desserts
Beverages
Miscellaneous
Protein; riboflavin; vitamins A,
D, and others; calcium;
phosphorus; zinc; magnesium
Protein; iron; thiamine, niacin,
and other vitamins; minerals
B vitamins; iron; whole grain
also has zinc, magnesium,
and other trace elements;
provides fiber
Vitamins A and C; minerals;
raw fruits for roughage
Vitamins A and C; minerals;
provides roughage
Vitamins A and D; linoleic
acid
Milkwhole, 2%, skim, dry,
buttermilk
Cheeseshard, semisoft,
cottage
Yogurtplain, low-fat
Soybean milkcanned, dry
Beef, pork, veal, lamb, poultry,
animal organ meats, fish,
eggs; legumes; nuts, seeds,
peanut butter, grains in proper
vegetarian combination
(vitamin B
12
supplement
needed)
Breads and bread products
such as cornbread, muffins,
waffles, hotcakes, biscuits,
dumplings, cereals, pastas, rice
Citrus fruits and juices,
melons, berries, all other
fruits and juices
Leafy green vegetables; deep
yellow or orange vegetables
such as carrots, sweet
potatoes, squash, tomatoes;
green vegetables such as
peas, green beans, broccoli;
other vegetables such as
beets, cabbage, potatoes,
corn, lima beans
Butter, cream cheese,
fortified table spreads; cream,
whipped cream, whipped
toppings; avocado,
mayonnaise, oil, nuts
Sugar, brown sugar, honey,
molasses
Nutritious desserts such as
puddings, custards, fruit
whips, and crisps; other rich,
sweet desserts and pastries
Coffee, decaffeinated
beverages, tea, bouillon,
carbonated drinks
Iodized salt, herbs, spices,
condiments
Four (8 oz) cups (five for
teenagers) used plain or with
flavoring, in shakes, soups,
puddings, custards, cocoa
Calcium in 1 cup milk
equivalent to 1
1
2 cups cottage
cheese, 1
1
2 oz hard or
semisoft cheese, 1 cup
yogurt, 1
1
2 cups ice cream
(high in fat and sugar)
Three servings (one serving =
2 oz), combination in amounts
necessary for same nutrient
equivalent (varies greatly)
Six to 11 servings daily: one
serving = one slice bread,
3
4
cup or 1 oz dry cereal,
1
2 cup
rice or pasta
Two to four servings (one
serving for vitamin C): one
serving = one medium fruit,
1
21 cup fruit, 4 oz orange or
grapefruit juice
Three to five servings (one
serving of dark green or deep
yellow vegetable for vitamin
A): one serving =
1
21 cup
vegetable, two tomatoes, one
medium potato
As desired in moderation
(high in calories): one
serving = 1 tbsp butter or
enriched margarine
Occasionally, if desired
Occasionally, if desired
As desired, in moderation
As desired
Four (8 oz) cups (five for
teenagers); equivalent
amount of cheese, yogurt,
and so forth
Two servings
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Same as for pregnancy
Note: The pregnant woman should eat regularly, three meals a day, with nutritious snacks of fruit, cheese, milk, or other foods between meals if desired. (More frequent but
smaller meals are also recommended.) Four to 6 (8 oz) glasses of water and a total of 8 to 10 (8 oz) cups total fluid intake should be consumed daily. Water is an
essential nutrient
The average maternal weight gain is distributed as follows:
5.0 kg (11 lb) Fetus, placenta, amniotic fluid
0.9 kg (2 lb) Uterus
1.8 kg (4 lb) Increased blood volume
1.4 kg (3 lb) Breast tissue
2.3 to 4.5 kg (5 to 10 lb) Maternal stores
Adequate maternal weight gain contributes to the tissue expan-
sion and growth of both the mother and the developing fetus.
Inadequate weight gain has been associated with preterm birth
and its related problems for the newborn (Salzberg, 2002).
Moreover, research suggests that women who gain an insuffi-
cient amount of weight are less likely to have spoken to a physi-
cian at the beginning of pregnancy about weight gain and tend