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SPECIAL PENAL LAWS

Anti-Graft and Corrupt Practices Act (RA 3019, as amended) - RIKKI DELA PAZ
Anti-Sexual arassment Act of 199! (RA "#"") - KIKOY ILAGAN
$%e &e' Pu(lic )iddin* +a' (RA 91#,) - JR CARAG
Act to Punis% -spiona*e and ./enses A*ainst &ational Securit0 (CA 111) -
GABRIEL UY
2efacement, 3utilation, $earin*, )urnin* or 2estro0in* Central )an4 &otes and
Coins (P2 5,") - KIKOY ILAGAN
Grantin* 6mmunit0 from Prosecution to Gi7ers of )ri(es and .t%er Gifts and to
t%eir Accomplices in )ri(er0 and .t%er Graft Cases a*ainst Pu(lic .8cers (9ul0
1#, 19"!: P2 ",9) - JONATHAN DELA CRUZ
;orfeiture in ;a7or of t%e State An0 Propert0 ;ound to %a7e (een <nla'full0
Ac=uired (0 An0 Pu(lic .8cer or -mplo0ee (RA 13"9) - JONATHAN DELA CRUZ
Anti-Carnappin* Act (P2 1#59) - BERNINA PASCUAL
Anti-3one0 +aunderin* Act of 5001 (RA 9110) - CIELITO MATEO
OUTLINE of REPORT
ANTI-GRAFT AND CORRUPT PRACTICES ACT (R.A. 3019 AS AMENDED
DEFINITION OF TERMS (S!". #
(a) $G%&!'()!(*$ includes t%e national *o7ernment, t%e local *o7ernments,
t%e *o7ernment-o'ned and *o7ernment-controlled corporations, and all
ot%er instrumentalities or a*encies of t%e Repu(lic of t%e P%ilippines and t%eir
(ranc%es>
(() $P+,-." %/"!'$ includes electi7e and appointi7e o8cials and emplo0ees,
permanent or temporar0, '%et%er in t%e classi?ed or unclassi?ed or exempt
ser7ice recei7in* compensation, e7en nominal, from t%e *o7ernment as
de?ned in t%e precedin* su(para*rap%>
(c) $R!"!.&.(0 1(2 0.3*$ includes t%e act of acceptin* directl0 or indirectl0 a
*ift from a person ot%er t%an a mem(er of t%e pu(lic o8cer@s immediate
famil0, in (e%alf of %imself or of an0 mem(er of %is famil0 or relati7e 'it%in
t%e fourt% ci7il de*ree, eit%er (0 consan*uinit0 or a8nit0, e7en on t%e
occasion of a famil0 cele(ration or national festi7it0 li4e C%ristmas, if t%e
7alue of t%e *ift is under t%e circumstances manifestl0 excessi7e>
(d) AP!'4%($ includes natural and Buridical persons, unless t%e context
indicates ot%er'ise>
INTRODUCTION (RA N%. 3019
$%is la' is aimed primaril0 at curtailin* and minimiCin* t%e opportunities for
o8cial corruption and maintainin* a standard of %onest0 in pu(lic ser7ice>
Ad7ocates t%e concept of Public ofce is a public trust>
&ature of acts deemed crimes under t%is special la'D mala in se> Graft-related
crimes are deemed as crimes mala in se or 'ron* per se, %ence it must (e
s%o'n t%at suc% acts 'ere committed 'it% malice>
+ac4 of malice or *ood fait% E 7alid defenses> (A+R-A2F .)S.+-$-D See
Al7areC 7> People)
Commentar0 '%et%er t%e act is malum pro%i(itum or malum in seD G%et%er
t%e *raft-related crime (e 3P or 36S, a person can onl0 (e %eld lia(le under a
crime in RA 3019 of all its elements are present> -xampleD Good fait% is not a
defense in crime malum pro%i(itum> o'e7er, *ood fait% or lac4 of malice is
a 7alid defense in 7iolation of Sec> 3 (e) since Aevident bad faithH is an
element of t%is crime>
CRIMES COMMITTED BY PUBLIC OFFICERS - Purpose of t%e la':
Constitutionalit0 and police po'erD
3orfe 7> 3utuc - $%e lo'er court in7alidated Sec> " of RA re=uirement
of periodic su(mission of s'orn statements of ?nancial conditions,
assets and lia(ilities of an o8cial or emplo0ee of t%e *o7ernment after
%e %ad once su(mitted suc% a s'orn statement upon assumin* o8ce>
SCD $%e la' is su(Bectin* a pu(lic o8cial to furt%er compulsor0
re7elation of %is assets and lia(ilities, includin* t%e statement of t%e
amounts and sources of income, t%e amounts of personal and famil0
expense, and t%e amount of income taxes paid for t%e next precedin*
calendar 0ear>
$%is is not an infrin*ement of t%e person@s ri*%t to pri7ac0, for t%e
pro7ision does not call for disclosure of information>
CO5ERAGE
Crimes committed (0 pu(lic o8cers and emplo0ees in relation to t%eir o8ces
de?ned and penaliCed under t%e Anti-Graft +a' do not exclude for
prosecution for felonies de?ned and penaliCed under t%e RPC and 7ice 7ersa>
(R-A26&GD Sec> 3 In addition to acts or omissions of public ofcers already
penalized under existing law...")
Crimes under Sec> 3 can (e *enerall0 committed (0 pu(lic o8cer> A pu(lic
o8cer
PUNISHABLE ACTS
S!". 3 (,6 7%8!' *% .(*!'&!(! .(*% "%(*'1"* %' *'1(41"*.%(9
Javarata v. Sandiganbayan
Accused S assistant principal made an arran*ement 'it% classroom
teac%ers to follo' up t%eir papers in 3anila and facilitates t%eir salar0
pa0ment 'it% o(li*ation on t%e part of t%e classroom teac%ers to reim(urse
t%e accused for all %is expenses>
SCD Accused did not 7iolate Sec> 3(() alt%ou*% %e exerted e/orts to facilitate
t%e pa0ment of t%e salar0 di/erentials>
63P$D $%e pro7ision refers to a pu(lic o8cer '%ose o8cial inter7ention is
re=uired (0 la' in a contract of transaction> $%ere is no la', '%ic% in7ests t%e
petitioner 'it% t%e po'er to inter7ene in t%e pa0ment of salar0 di/erentials of
t%e complainants or of an0one for t%at matter> ;ar from exercisin* an0 po'er,
t%e petitioner pla0ed a %um(le role as supplicant '%ose mission 'as to
expedite pa0ment of salar0 di/erentials> 6n %is o8cial capacit0 as assistant
principal, %e is not re=uired (0 la' to inter7ene in t%e pa0ment of t%e salar0
di/erentials>
&.$-D 2<$F $. 6&$-RI-&- - (ecomin* interested in an0 contract or (usiness
in '%ic% it is %is o8cial dut0 to inter7ene constitutes t%e felon0 of possession
of pro%i(ited interest under Art> 511 of t%e RPC>
S!". 3 (!6 !-!)!(*4: "1+4.(0 +(;+! .(<+'2...9
S-C$6.& 3 Su(para*rap% - - -+-3-&$SD
a> $%e accused is a pu(lic o8cer disc%ar*in* administrati7e, Budicial or o8cial
functions>
,. H! )+4* =1&! 1"*!; 8.*= )1(.3!4* 71'*.1-.*26 !&.;!(* ,1; 31.*=6 %'
.(!>"+41,-! (!0-.0!("!
c> Action must %a7e caused <&2<- 6&9<RF to an0 part0, includin* t%e
Go7ernment, or %as *i7en an0 part0 an0 un'anted (ene?t, ad7anta*e or
preference in t%e disc%ar*e of %is functions>
M!<%'1;1 &. S1(;.01(,121(
3eBoradaD $o 7iolate Sec> 3 (e), t%e accused must (e a pu(lic o8cer c%ar*ed
'it% t%e dut0 of *rantin* licenses or permits or ot%er concessions> )ecause
%e is not c%ar*ed 'it% suc% dut0, %e t%erefore cannot (e lia(le>
SCD Sec> 3 enumerates 11 su(sections of corrupt practices of an0 pu(lic
o8cers declared unla'ful> 6ts reference to Aan0 pu(lic o8cerA is 'it%out
distinction or =uali?cation>>> t%e last sentence of Section 3 (e) is intended to
ma4e clear t%e inclusion of o8cers and emplo0ees of o8cers or *o7ernment
corporations, '%ic% under t%e ordinar0 concept of pu(lic o8cers, ma0 not
come 'it%in t%e term>
IN OTHER WORDS6 .* .4 8'%(0 *% .(*!'7'!* *=! 7'%&.4.%( 14 177-2.(0
!>"-+4.&!-2 *% 7+,-." %/"!'4 "=1'0!; 8.*= *=! ;+*2 %3 0'1(*.(0
-."!(4!4 %' 7!').*4.
3eBorada inJated t%e 7alues of true claims of t%e o'ners of t%e propert0
a/ected (0 road 'idenin*> ere, petitioner too4 ad7anta*e as a ri*%t-of-'a0-
a*ent (0 ma4in* t%e claimants si*n t%e a*reements to demolis% and s'orn
statements, '%ic% contained falsi?ed declarations of t%e 7alue of t%e
impro7ements> $%ere 'as e7ident (ad fait% on t%e part of t%e petitioner '%en
%e inJated t%e 7alues of t%e true claims and '%en %e di7ested t%e claimants
of a lar*e s%are of t%e amounts due t%em>
$%e manner (0 '%ic% petitioner di7ested t%e pri7ate parties of t%e
compensation t%e0 recei7ed 'as part of t%e sc%eme, '%ic% commenced
'%en petitioner approac%ed t%e claimants and informed t%em t%at %e could
'or4 out t%eir claims for pa0ment of t%e 7alues of t%eir lots and
impro7ements a/ected (0 road 'idenin*>
(E-!)!(* # %3 S!". 3 (! - M1(.3!4* 71'*.1-.*26 !&.;!(* ,1; 31.*=6
0'%44 1(; .(!>"+41,-! (!0-.0!("!9
3a0 (e committed eit%er (0 dolo or culpaD
3 modes in '%ic% t%e o/ense can (e committedD
M%;! 19
3A&6;-S$ PAR$6A+6$F - )ias, a disposition to see and report matters as
t%e0 are 'is%ed for rat%er t%an as t%e0 are> 3A&6;-S$ in t%e sense
t%at t%ere 'as a clear, notorious or plain inclination to fa7or one side
o7er t%e ot%er>
3ode 5D
EVIDENT BAD FAITH - a statement of mind a8rmati7el0 operatin*
'it% t%e furti7e desi*n or some moti7e of self-interest or ill 'ill for
ulterior purposes: connotes a manifest deli(erate attempt of t%e
accused to do dama*e>
3ode 3D
ROSS INE!"USABLE NELIEN"E - pursuit of a course of conduct,
'%ic% 'ould naturall0 and reasona(l0 result in inBur0> Gross ne*li*ence
as ne*li*ence c%aracteriCed (0 t%e 'ant of e7en sli*%t care, actin* of
omittin* to act in a situation '%ere t%ere is a dut0 to act in a situation
'%ere t%ere is a dut0 to act, 'ilfull0 and intentionall0 'it% a conscious
indi/erence to t%e conse=uences in so far as ot%er persons ma0 (e
a/ected>
.n -lement 3 of Su(section -
3ode 1D Causin* <&2<- 6&9<RF - actual inBur0 or dama*e (to eit%er t%e
*o7ernment, or a pri7ate part0), '%ic% must (e esta(lis%ed (0
e7idence> Perjucio indebido literall0 ille*al misc%ief>
F%(1".!' &. S1(;.01(,121(
Para*as, in 4no'in*l0 orderin* t%e implementation of an unappro7ed
pro*ram of 'or4, instructin* t%e %oldin* of t%e star4l0 irre*ular (iddin*, and
in si*nin* documents leadin* to t%e issuance of c%ec4s in fa7or of 2el 3oral>
Proof of t%e extent of dama*e sustained (0 t%e *o7ernment 'it% respect to
t%e supposed deli7eries of items is not indispensa(le for con7iction> 6t is
enou*% t%at 2el 3oral %as o(tained lar*e pa0ments t%rou*% t%e utiliCation of
?ctitious or fraudulent pu(lic documents>
S!". 3 (=6 !-!)!(*4: ?(1(".1- .(*!'!4* 1(; .(*!'&!(!4 .( %/".1-
"171".*29
SUBSECTION H9 E-!)!(*49
1> Accused is a pu(lic o8cer>
5> e %as a direct or indirect ?nancial or pecuniar0 interest in an0 (usiness,
contract or transaction:
ConBu*al interest
Pecuniar0 interest is not presumed
Continuous existence of interest is presumed (proof of pecuniar0
interest on (usiness *i7es rise to a disputa(le presumption t%at t%e
existence of suc% interest continues)>
2i7estment of interest>
3> -it%er %eD a> 6nter7enes or ta4es part in o8cial capacit0 in connection 'it% suc%
interest: (> is pro%i(ited from %a7in* interest (0 t%e Constitution or t%e la'>
@W.*= '!01'; *% )%;! A9
Actual inter7ention - to come (et'een> $%e la' aims to pre7ent t%e
dominant use of inJuence, aut%orit0 or po'er>
;ailure to pro7e inter7entionD no lia(ilit0 attac%es>
Git% re*ard to RA 1"13 (Code of Conduct and -t%ical Standards for
Pu(lic .8cials, Sec> ") - a7in* direct or indirect ?nancial or material
interest in an0 transaction re=uirin* t%e appro7al of t%e o8ce of t%e
respondent 7iolates Sec> "> Actual inter7ention is not an element of t%e
aforementioned crime>
@W.*= '!01'; *% )%;! B9 P'%=.,.*.%( 3'%) =1&.(0 .(*!'!4*.
-xecuti7e, le*islati7e, and constitutional o8cersD <nder t%e 19#"
ConstitutionD $%e follo'in* persons s%all not directl0 or indirectl0, (e
interested ?nanciall0 in an0 contract 'it%, or in an0 franc%ise or special
pri7ile*e *ranted (0 t%e *o7ernment, or an0 su(di7ision>>>D
t%e President
t%e Iice President
3em(ers of t%e Ca(inet, t%eir deputies and assistants
Senator or mem(er of t%e ouse of Representati7es
3em(er of a Constitutional Commission
J+;.".1- %/"!'4 (3acariola 7> on> Asuncion - 9ud*es are not lia(le under
Sec> 3(%) (ecause t%ere is no pro7ision in t%e constitution, nor is t%ere an
existin* la' expressl0 pro%i(itin* mem(ers of t%e Budiciar0 from en*a*in* or
%a7in* interest in an0 la'ful (usiness> (See %o'e7er CC 1,91(!) - pro%i(ition
a*ainst t%e purc%ase (0 Bud*es of a propert0 in liti*ation (efore a court 'it%in
'%ose Burisdiction t%e0 perform t%eir duties>
L%"1- O/"!'4
C.&.- S!'&."! O/"!'4 - a 7iolation of t%e of an0 o8cer or emplo0ee in t%e
ci7il ser7ice in en*a*in* in pri7ate (usiness 'it%out a 'ritten permission from
t%e 2epartment ead ma0 not constitute *raft and corrupt practice as
de?ned (0 la'>
T'.!4*! &. S1(;.01(,121(
&o e7idence t%at t%e ma0or used %is inJuence, po'er and aut%orit0 in %a7in*
t%e transactions *i7en to $ri*en, of '%ic% %e is president> e did not as4
an0one, neit%er $reasurer Ie*a nor Secretar0 3ara7illa, to *et t%e
construction materials from $ri*en>
$ri*en did not *ain an0 undue ad7anta*e in t%e transaction> Petitioner s%ould
not (e faulted for $ri*en@s transaction 'it% t%e municipalit0, '%ic% %ad
alread0 (een dealin* 'it% it e7en (efore petitioner %ad assumed t%e
ma0ors%ip> Personal can7asses conduced found t%at $ri*en@s o/er 'as t%e
lo'est, most reasona(le, and most ad7anta*eous to t%e municipalit0
G%at is comtemplated in Sec> 3(%) is t%e 1"*+1- .(*!'&!(*.%( .( *=!
*'1(41"*.%( .( 8=."= %(! =14 ?(1(".1- %' 7!"+(.1'2 .(*!'!4* .( %';!'
*=1* -.1,.-.*2 )12 1**1"=. $%e o8cial need not dispose %is s%ares in t%e
corporation as lon* as %e does not do an0t%in* for t%e ?rm in its contract
'it% t%e o8ce>
Bad fait# $nn%&%''ary( &o))itt%d by n%g*ig%n&%+
A-&1'!A &. P!%7-! (#01#
I* ,!1'4 4*'!44.(0 *=1* *=! %B!(4! ;!?(!; +(;!' S!"*.%( 3 (! %3
R.A. N%. 3019 )12 ,! "%)).**!; !&!( .3 ,1; 31.*= .4 (%* 1**!(;1(*>

$%us, e7en assumin* t%at petitioner did not act in (ad fait%, %is ne*li*ence
under t%e circumstances 'as not onl0 *ross (ut also inexcusa(le>

Su(mission
of documents suc% as contractorKs license and compan0 pro?le are minimum
le*al re=uirements to ena(le t%e *o7ernment to properl0 e7aluate t%e
=uali?cations of a ).$ proponent>
I* 814 +(*=.(C1,-! 3%' 1 -%"1- 0%&!'()!(* %/".1-6 !47!".1--2 %(!
8.*= 4!&!'1- ".*1*.%(4 1(; 181';4 14 %+*4*1(;.(0 -%"1- !>!"+*.&!6 *%
=1&! 1--%8!; API *% 4+,).* 1 BOT 7'%7%41- 1(; -1*!' 181'; .* *=!
"%(*'1"* ;!47.*! -1"C %3 1 "%(*'1"*%'D4 -."!(4! 1(; 7'%%3 %3 .*4
?(1(".1- 1(; *!"=(."1- "171,.-.*.!46 '!-2.(0 )!'!-2 %( 1 7.!"! %3
.(3%')1*.%( 3'%) 1 (!84 .*!) 1,%+* 41.; "%(*'1"*%'D4 %(0%.(0 )1--
"%(4*'+"*.%( 7'%<!"* .( 1(%*=!' )+(.".71-.*2 1(; &!',1-
'!7'!4!(*1*.%(4 %3 .*4 7'!4.;!(*.
E>"!7*.%(4
S!". 3 (0
E-!)!(*49
1> $%e accused is a pu(lic o8cer>
Conspirac0 - pri7ate persons found actin* in conspirac0 'it% pu(lic
o8cers ma0 (e %eld lia(le for t%e applica(le o/enses found in Sec> 3
5> A pu(lic o8cer entered into a contract or transaction in (e%alf of t%e
*o7ernment>
Recommendin* t%e appro7al of contract - a pu(lic o8cer, '%o
recommended t%e appro7al of a 0'%44-2 1(; )1(.3!4*-2
;.41;&1(*10!%+4 "%(*'1"*6 .4 (%* -.1,-! +(;!' S!". 3(0 UNLESS
=! "%(47.'!; 8.*= *=! %(! 8=% !(*!'!; .(*% *=! "%(*'1"* %(
,!=1-3 %3 *=! 0%&!'()!(*.
I3 *=! "%(*'1"* =1; 1-'!1;2 ,!!( '!4".(;!; ,!3%'! *=! ?-.(0 %3
*=! "%)7-1.(*6 *=!( .* 8%+-; 177!1' *=1* (% "%(*'1"* !>.4*!;
(2uterte 7> Sandi*an(a0an)>
3> $%e contract or transaction entered into (0 t%e pu(lic o8cer is
*rossl0 and manifestl0 disad7anta*eous to t%e *o7ernment>
2isad7anta*eous contract - manifest means o(7ious, e7ident, clear,
unmista4(le: '%ile *ross means *larin*, repre%ensi(le and culpa(leD
2efecti7e product
.7erpricin*
<nderpricin*
)e%est loan
+ac4 of pro?t is not a defense (due to t%e malum pro%i(itum nature of t%e
crime)
-rror in Bud*ment - petitioner %ad a 'ron* appreciation of and e7en a poor
assessment on t%e loan application, (ut t%is is merel0 an error of Bud*ment
(6n*co 7> Sandi*an(a0an)>
G% &. S1(;.01(,121(
-7en if t%e accused is not a pu(lic o8cer, it does not mean t%at it necessaril0
preclude its application to pri7ate persons, '%o are c%ar*ed in conspirac0
'it% t%e pu(lic o8cer>
Petitioner cannot %ide (e%ind t%e s0llo*ism t%at if %e is not a pu(lic o8cer,
%e cannot (e c%ar*ed 'it% 7iolation of Sec> 3 (*) - $%is *oes (e0ond t%e spirit
of t%e la' espouses in Sec> 1>
Sec> 9 of RA no> 3019 (uttresses t%e conclusion t%at t%e la' extends to pu(lic
o8cers and pri7ate indi7iduals>
LLL
ANTI-SEEUAL HARASSMENT ACT (R.A. FGFF
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
Gor4, -ducation or $rainin*-related S!>+1- H1'144)!(* - committed (0 an
emplo0ee, mana*er, super7isor, a*ent of t%e emplo0er, teac%er, instructor,
professor, coac%, trainor, or an0 ot%er person '%o, %a7in* aut%orit0,
inJuence or moral ascendanc0 o7er anot%er in a 'or4 or trainin* or education
en7ironment, ;!)1(;46 '!H+!4*4 %' %*=!'8.4! '!H+.'!4 1(2 4!>+1-
31&%' 3'%) *=! %*=!', re*ardless of '%et%er t%e demand, re=uest or
re=uirement for su(mission is accepted (0 t%e o(Bect of said Act> (Sec 3, RA
no> "#"")
-+-3-&$S
Committed (0 an emplo0ee, mana*er, super7isor, a*ent of t%e emplo0er,
teac%er, instructor, professor, coac%, trainor '%o %as aut%orit0, inJuence or
moral ascendanc0 o7er anot%er>
Aut%orit0, inJuence or moral ascendanc0 o7er anot%er in a 'or4in*
en7ironment>
$%e emplo0ee, mana*er, super7isor, a*ent of t%e emplo0er, teac%er,
instructor, professor, coac%, trainor '%o %as aut%orit0, inJuence or moral
ascendanc0 o7er anot%er ma4es a demand, re=uest, or re=uirement of a
sexual fa7or> ()oado, &otes and Cases on Special Penal +a's)
.G $- CR63- 6S C.336$$-2
6n a 8%'C-'!-1*!; %' !)7-%2)!(* !(&.'%()!(*, sexual %arassment is
committed '%en D
(1) $%e 4!>+1- 31&%' .4 )1;! 14 1 "%(;.*.%( .( *=! =.'.(0 or in t%e
!)7-%2)!(*6 '!- !)7-%2)!(* %' "%(*.(+!; !)7-%2)!(* of said
indi7idual, or in *rantin* said indi7idual 31&%'1,-! "%)7!(41*.%(6
*!')46 "%(;.*.%(46 7'%)%*.%(46 %' 7'.&.-!0!4: or *=! '!3+41- *%
0'1(* *=! 4!>+1- 31&%' '!4+-*4 .( -.).*.(06 4!0'!01*.(0 %'
"-144.32.(0 *=! !)7-%2!! 8=."= .( 1 812 8%+-; ;.4"'.).(1*!6
;!7'.&! %' ;.).(.4= !)7-%2)!(* %77%'*+(.*.!4 or ot%er'ise
ad7ersel0 a/ect said emplo0ee:
(5) $%e a(o7e acts 'ould .)71.' *=! !)7-%2!!D4 '.0=*4 %'
7'.&.-!0!4 under existin* la(or la's: or
(3) $%e a(o7e acts 'ould result in an .(*.).;1*.(06 =%4*.-!6 %'
%B!(4.&! !(&.'%()!(* for t%e emplo0ee
.G $- CR63- 6S C.336$$-2
6n an !;+"1*.%( %' *'1.(.(0 !(&.'%()!(*, sexual %arassment is
committedD
(1) A01.(4* %(! 8=% .4 +(;!' *=! "1'!6 "+4*%;2 %' 4+7!'&.4.%(
of t%e o/ender:
(5) A*ainst one '%ose !;+"1*.%(6 *'1.(.(06 177'!(*."!4=.7 %'
*+*%'4=.7 .4 !(*'+4*!; to t%e o/ender:
(3) G%en t%e sexual fa7or is made a "%(;.*.%( *% *=! 0.&.(0 %3 1
7144.(0 0'1;!6 %' *=! 0'1(*.(0 %3 =%(%'4 1(; 4"=%-1'4=.74, or
t%e pa0ment of a stipend, allo'ance or ot%er (ene?ts, pri7ile*es, or
considerations: or
(,) W=!( *=! 4!>+1- 1;&1("!4 '!4+-* .( 1( .(*.).;1*.(06 =%4*.-!
%' %B!(4.&! !(&.'%()!(* for t%e student, trainee or apprentice
G. AR- +6A)+-
A(2 7!'4%( '%o ;.'!"*4 %' .(;+"!4 1(%*=!' *% "%)).* 1(2 1"* %3
4!>+1- =1'144)!(* as %erein de?ned, or '%o cooperates in t%e commission
t%ereof (0 anot%er 'it%out '%ic% it 'ould not %a7e (een committed, s%all
also (e %eld lia(le under t%is Act> (Sec 3, RA no> "#"")
$%e !)7-%2!' %' =!1; %3 %/"!6 !;+"1*.%(1- *'1.(.(0 .(4*.*+*.%( s%all
(e 4%-.;1'.-2 -.1,-! 3%' ;1)10! 1'.4.(0 3'%) *=! 1"*4 %3 4!>+1-
=1'144)!(* "%)).**!; .( *=! !)7-%2)!(*6 !;+"1*.%( %' *'1.(.(0
!(&.'%()!(* if t%e !)7-%2!' or %ead of o8ce, educational or trainin*
institution .4 .(3%')!; %3 4+"= 1"*4 ,2 *=! %B!(;!; 71'*2 1(; (%
.))!;.1*! 1"*.%( .4 *1C!( t%ereon> (Sec !, Ra no, "#"")
P-&A+$6-S A&2 PR-SCR6P$6.&S
An0 person '%o 7iolates t%e pro7isions of t%is Act s%all, upon con7iction, (e
penaliCed (0 imprisonment of not less t%an one (1) mont% nor more t%an six
(1) mont%s, or a ?ne of not less t%an $en t%ousand pesos (P10,000) nor more
t%an $'ent0 t%ousand pesos (P50,000), or (ot% suc% ?ne and imprisonment
at t%e discretion of t%e court>
An0 action arisin* from t%e 7iolation of t%e pro7ision of t%is Act s%all
prescri(e in t%ree (3) 0ears
CAS-S
6n D%).(0% &4. R121-1, a case in7ol7in* a steno*rap%er as t%e 7ictim and
t%e &+RC C%airman as t%e perpetrator, t%e Supreme Court enunciated t%at
4!>+1- =1'144)!(* .4 1( .)7%4.*.%( %3 ).47-1"!; I4+7!'.%'.*2J 8=."=
.4 !(%+0= *% ;1)7!( 1( !)7-%2!!D4 47.'.* 1(; =!' "171".*2 3%'
1;&1("!)!(*>
6t a/ects %er sense of Bud*ment: it c%an*es %er life>
$%us, in =%-;.(0 1(; 4H+!!A.(0 *=! &."*.)D4 4=%+-;!'46 '+((.(0 =.4
?(0!'4 1"'%44 =!' (!"C 1(; *."C-.(0 =!' !1'6 =1&.(0 .(177'%7'.1*!
"%(&!'41*.%(4 8.*= =!'6 0.&.(0 =!' )%(!2 1--!0!;-2 3%' 4"=%%-
!>7!(4!4 8.*= 1 7'%).4! %3 3+*+'! 7'.&.-!0!46 1(; )1C.(0
4*1*!)!(*4 8.*= +().4*1C1,-! 4!>+1- %&!'*%(!4 M all resound 'it%
deafenin* clarit0 t%e +(47%C!( '!H+!4* 3%' 1 4!>+1- 31&%'.
CAS-S
6n PAAUC &4. NLRC, Anxiet0 'as *radual in pri7ate respondent@s ?7e (!)-
0ear emplo0ment> 6t (e*an '%en %er 7-1(* )1(10!' 4=%8!; 1( %,&.%+4
71'*.1-.*2 3%' =!' '%ic% 'ent out of %and '%en %e 4*1'*!; *% )1C! .*
"-!1' *=1* =! 8%+-; *!').(1*! =!' 4!'&."!4 .3 4=! 8%+-; (%* 0.&! .( *%
=.4 4!>+1- 1;&1("!4>
Sexual %arassment is an imposition of misplaced Asuperiorit0A '%ic% is
enou*% to dampen an emplo0ee@s spirit in %er capacit0 for ad7ancement> 6t
a/ects %er sense of Bud*ment: it c%an*es %er life>
6f for t%is alone pri7ate respondent s%ould (e ade=uatel0 compensated>
$%us, for t%e anxiet0, t%e seen and unseen %urt t%at s%e su/ered,
7!*.*.%(!'4 4=%+-; 1-4% ,! )1;! *% 712 =!' )%'1- ;1)10!46 7-+4
!>!)7-1'2 ;1)10!46 3%' *=! %77'!44.&! )1((!' 8.*= 8=."=
7!*.*.%(!'4 !B!"*!; =!' ;.4).441- 3'%) *=! 4!'&."!, and to ser7e as a
fore'arnin* to lec%erous o8cers and emplo0ers '%o ta4e undue ad7anta*e
of t%eir ascendanc0 o7er t%eir emplo0ees>
CAS-S
6n J1"+*.( &. P!%7-!, Sexual %arassment in a 'or4-related or emplo0ment
en7ironment .4 "%)).**!; 8=!( *=! 4!>+1- 31&%' .4 )1;! 14 1
"%(;.*.%( .( *=! =.'.(0 %' .( *=! !)7-%2)!(*6 '!-!)7-%2)!(* %'
"%(*.(+!; !)7-%2)!(* %3 41.; .(;.&.;+1-,N
Petitioner 'as t%e Cit0 ealt% .8cer of Ca*a0an de .ro Cit0, a position %e
%eld '%en complainant, a ne'l0 *raduated nurse, sa' %im to enlist %is %elp
in %er desire to *ain emplo0ment>
G%ile t%e Cit0 3a0or %ad t%e exclusi7e prero*ati7e in appointin* cit0
personnel, it s%ould stand to reason, ne7ert%eless, t%at a recommendation
from petitioner in t%e appointment of personnel in t%e municipal %ealt% o8ce
could carr0 *ood 'ei*%t> 6ndeed, 7!*.*.%(!' =.)4!-3 8%+-; 177!1' *%
=1&! "%(&!2!;6 ,2 =.4 8%';4 1(; 1"*.%(46 1( .)7'!44.%( *=1* =!
"%+-; 31".-.*1*! J+-.!*D4 !)7-%2)!(*>
6ndeed, 7!*.*.%(!' 8%+-; (%* =1&! ,!!( 1,-! *% *1C! +(;+! -.,!'1-.*.!4
%( *=! 7!'4%( %3 J+-.!* =1; .* (%* ,!!( 3%' =.4 =.0= 7%4.*.%( .( *=!
C.*2 H!1-*= O/"! of Ca*a0an de .ro Cit0>
LLL
THE NEW PUBLIC BIDDING LAW (R.A.
91GK
G-&-RA+ .I-RI6-G
R>A> 91#, is concerned 'it% t%e Go7ernment procurement ofD *oods,
consultin* ser7ices, and t%e contractin* for 6nfrastructure ProBects (0 t%e
OProcurin* -ntit0H>
$%e procurement is done t%rou*% t%e IC%)7!*.*.&! B.;;.(0 P'%"!44!4J
'%erein (ids or proposals of suppliers, manufacturers, distri(utors, etc> are
e7aluated (0 t%e )ids and A'ards Committee ()AC) of t%e Procurin* -ntit0
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
P'%"+'.(0 E(*.*2 - refers to an0 (ranc%, department, o8ce, a*enc0, or
instrumentalit0 of t%e *o7ernment, includin* state uni7ersities and colle*es,
*o7ernment-o'ned andPor - controlled corporations, *o7ernment ?nancial
institutions, and local *o7ernment units procurin* Goods, Consultin* Ser7ices
and 6nfrastructure ProBects>
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
C%)7!*.*.&! B.;;.(0 - refers to a met%od of procurement '%ic% is open to
participation (0 an0 interested part0 and '%ic% consist of t%e follo'in*
processesD ad7ertisement, pre-(id conference, eli*i(ilit0 screenin* of (ids,
e7aluations of (ids, post - =uali?cation, and a'ard of contract, t%e speci?c
re=uirements and mec%anics of '%ic% s%all (e de?ned in t%e 6RR to (e
promul*ated under t%is Act>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
C+ASS6;6-2 AS $. WHO 3AF C.336$D
C.336$$-2 )F PUBLIC OFFICERS
(Note Private Individuals are also liable under this classi!cation
for conspiracy"
C.336$$-2 )F PRI5ATE INDI5IDUALS
G6$ ACC-SS.RF P-&A+$6-S
G6$.<$ ACC-SS.RF P-&A+$6-S
(Note Public #fcers are also liable under this classi!cation for
conspiracy"
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD P<)+6C .;;6C-RS
O7!( 1(2 4!1-!; B.; includin* (ut not limited to )ids t%at
ma0 %a7e (een su(mitted t%rou*% t%e electronic s0stem 1(;
1(2 1(; 1-- ;%"+)!(*4 '!H+.'!; *% ,! 4!1-!; or ;.&+-0.(0
*=!.' "%(*!(*4, 7'.%' *% *=! 177%.(*!; *.)! 3%' *=! 7+,-."
%7!(.(0 %3 B.;4 or ot%er documents
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD P<)+6C .;;6C-RS
D!-12.(0, 8.*=%+* <+4*.?1,-! "1+4!, t%e screenin* for
eli*i(ilit0, openin* of (ids, e7aluation and post e7aluation of
(ids, and a'ardin* of contracts ,!2%(; *=! 7'!4"'.,!;
7!'.%;4 %3 B.;4 %' %*=!' ;%"+)!(*4
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD P<)+6C .;;6C-RS
U(;+-2 .(L+!(".(0 %' !>!'*.(0 +(;+! 7'!44+'! %( 1(2 )!),!' %3 *=!
BAC %' 1(2 %/"!' %' !)7-%2!! %3 *=! 7'%"+'.(0 !(*.*2 *% *1C! 1
71'*."+-1' ,.;;!'
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD P<)+6C .;;6C-RS
S7-.**.(0 %3 "%(*'1"*4 '%ic% !>"!!; 7'%"!;+'1- 7+'"=14! -.).*4 1(;
"%)7!*.*.&! ,.;;.(0
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD P<)+6C .;;6C-RS
G%en t%e =!1; %3 *=! 10!("2 1,+4!4 *=! !>!'".4! %3 =.4 7%8!' to
'!<!"* 1(2 1(; 1-- ,.;4 as mentioned under Section ,1 of t%is Act 8.*=
)1(.3!4* 7'!3!'!("! *% 1(2 ,.;;!' 8=% .4 "-%4!-2 '!-1*!; to %im in
accordance 'it% Section ," of t%is Act
S-C$6.& ,"
R!4!'&1*.%( C-1+4! - T=! H!1; %3 *=! A0!("2 '!4!'&!4 *=! '.0=* *%
'!<!"* 1(2 1(; 1-- B.;46 ;!"-1'! 1 31.-+'! %3 ,.;;.(06 %' (%* 181'; *=!
"%(*'1"* in t%e follo'in* situationsD
(a>) 6f t%ere is 7'.)1 31".! !&.;!("! %3 "%--+4.%( (et'een
appropriate pu(lic o8cers or emplo0ees of t%e Procurin* -ntit0, or
(et'een t%e )AC and an0 of t%e (idders, or if t%e collusion is (et'een
or amon* t%e (idders t%emsel7es, or (et'een a (idder and a t%ird
part0, includin* an0 act '%ic% restricts, suppresses or nulli?es or tends
to restrict, suppress or nullif0 competition:
((>) 6f t%e )AC is found to %a7e 31.-!; .( 3%--%8.(0 *=! 7'!4"'.,!;
,.;;.(0 7'%"!;+'!4: or
(c>) ;or an0 Busti?a(le and reasona(le *round '%ere t%e 181'; %3 *=!
"%(*'1"* 8.-- (%* '!;%+(; *% *=! ,!(!?* %3 *=! 0%&!'()!(* as
de?ned in t%e 6RR>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP ACC-SS.RF)
G%en *8% %' )%'! ,.;;!'4 10'!! 1(; 4+,).* ;.B!'!(*
B.;4 14 .3 *=!2 8!'! ,%(1 ?;!, '%en t%e0 C(!8 t%at one or
more of t%em 'as so muc% %i*%er t%an t%e ot%er t%at it could
not (e %onestl0 accepted and t%at t%e contract 'ill surel0 (e
a'arded to t%e 7'!-1''1(0!; -%8!4* B.;>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP ACC-SS.RF)
G%en a ,.;;!' )1-.".%+4-2 4+,).*4 ;.B!'!(* B.;4 t%rou*%
t'o or more persons, corporations, partners%ips or an0 ot%er
(usiness entit0 in '%ic% %e %as interest to "'!1*! *=!
177!1'1("! %3 "%)7!*.*.%( *=1* ;%!4 (%* .( 31"* !>.4* so
as to (e adBud*ed as t%e 'innin* (idder
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP ACC-SS.RF)
G%en *8% %' )%'! ,.;;!'4 !(*!' .(*% 1( 10'!!)!(* '%ic% "1-- +7%(
%(! *% '!3'1.( 3'%) ,.;;.(0 for Procurement contracts, or '%ic% "1-- 3%'
8.*=;'181- %3 ,.;4 1-'!1;2 4+,).**!;, or '%ic% are %*=!'8.4! .(*!(;!;
*% 4!"+'! 14 +(;+! 1;&1(*10! to an0 one of t%em>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP ACC-SS.RF)
G%en a ,.;;!', (0 %imself or in conni7ance 'it% ot%ers, !)7-%2 4"=!)!4
'%ic% tend to '!4*'1.( *=! (1*+'1- '.&1-'2 %3 *=! 71'*.!4 or operates to
stiJe or 4+77'!44 "%)7!*.*.%( and t%us produce a result disad7anta*eous
to t%e pu(lic>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP. ACC-SS.RF)
S+,).* !-.0.,.-.*2 '!H+.'!)!(*4 of '%ate7er 4ind and nature t%at "%(*1.(
31-4! .(3%')1*.%( or 31-4.?!; ;%"+)!(*4 "1-"+-1*!; *% .(L+!("! *=!
%+*"%)! %3 *=! !-.0.,.-.*2 4"'!!(.(0 7'%"!44 or "%("!1- suc%
information in t%e eli*i(ilit0 re=uirements 8=!( *=! .(3%')1*.%( 8.-- -!1;
*% 1 ;!"-1'1*.%( %3 .(!-.0.,.-.*2 3'%) 71'*.".71*.(0 .( 7+,-." ,.;;.(0>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP. ACC-SS.RF)
S+,).* B.;;.(0 D%"+)!(*4 of '%ate7er 4ind and nature t%an "%(*1.(
31-4! .(3%')1*.%( or falsi?ed documents or conceal suc% information in t%e
)iddin* 2ocuments, .( %';!' *% .(L+!("! *=! %+*"%)! %3 *=! 7+,-."
,.;;.(0>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP. ACC-SS.RF)
P1'*.".71*! .( 1 7+,-." ,.;;.(0 +4.(0 *=! (1)! %3 1(%*=!' or 1--%8
1(%*=!' *% +4! %(!M4 (1)! for t%e purpose of participatin* in a pu(lic
(iddin*>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$SD PR6IA$- 6&26I62<A+S (GP. ACC-SS.RF)
W.*=;'18 1 B.;, 13*!' .* 4=1-- =1&! H+1-.?!; 14 *=! L%8!4* C1-"+-1*!;
B.;NH.0=!4* R1*!; B.;, or to accept and a'ard, 'it%out Bust cause or for
t%e purpose of 3%'".(0 *=! P'%"+'.(0 E(*.*2 *% 181'; *=! "%(*'1"* *%
1(%*=!' ,.;;!'> $%is s%all include t%e non-su(mission of re=uirements suc%
as, (ut not limited to, performance securit0, preparator0 to t%e ?nal a'ard of
t%e contract>
+6A)6+6$6-S
For &o))i''ion of any of t#% Pro#ibit%d A&t'+
penalt0 of .)7'.4%()!(* of (%* -!44 *=1( 4.> (O 2!1'4 1(; %(!
(1 ;126 ,+* (%* )%'! *=1( ?3*!!( (1P 2!1'4
+6A)6+6$6-S
"o))i''ion of Pro#ibit%d A&t' $nd%r '$b'%&tion ,a-
P$b*i& O.&%r+ *!)7%'1'2 ;.4H+1-.?"1*.%( from pu(lic o8ce
Privat% Individ$a* ,in &on'/ira&y-+ 7!')1(!(*-2
;.4H+1-.?!; from transactin* (usiness 'it% t%e *o7ernment>
$Note T#% /%na* &*a$'% in RA 0123 i' 4it#o$t /r%5$di&% to
t#% /rovi'ion' of RA 6710 or the %nti&'raft and (orrupt
Practices %ct. )hus* the P$b*i& O.&%r *iab*% $nd%r
'$b'%&tion ,a- )ay a*'o b% *iab*% $nd%r RA 6710."
+6A)6+6$6-S
"o))i''ion of Pro#ibit%d A&t' $nd%r '$b'%&tion ,b-
A-- 7!'4%(4 .(&%-&!; 'ill su/er *!)7%'1'2 ;.4H+1-.?"1*.%( 3'%)
7+,-." %/"! and 7!')1(!(*-2 ;.4H+1-.?!; 3'%) *'1(41"*.(0
,+4.(!44 8.*= *=! 0%&!'()!(*>
9<R6S26C$6.&
9urisdiction o7er t%e o/enses de?ned under t%is Article s%all (elon* to
t%e appropriate courts, accordin* to la's existin* at t%e time of t%e
commission of t%e o/enses
9<R6S26C$6.&
2octrinal CaseD +epartment of ,udget and -anagement Procurement .ervice
vs. /olonwel )rading $'.0. 123414* 5une 6* 7882"
D%"*'.(!9 $%e Court ac=uires no Burisdiction if all administrati7e
remedies are not ex%austed>
6t is re=uired under RA 91#, t%at an0 (idder unsatis?ed 'it% t%e
a'ardin* of t%e (id must protest suc%, in accordance to Section !# of
RA 91#,
9<R6S26C$6.&
Section !# of RA 91#,
OC%+'* 1"*.%( )12 ,! '!4%'*!; *% %(-2 13*!' *=! 7'%*!4*4
contemplated in t%is Article s%all %a7e (een completed>
C14!4 *=1* 1'! ?-!; .( &.%-1*.%( %3 *=! 7'%"!44 47!".?!; .( *=.4
A'*."-! 4=1-- ,! ;.4).44!; 3%' -1"C %3 <+'.4;."*.%(>
$%e '!0.%(1- *'.1- "%+'* 4=1-- =1&! <+'.4;."*.%( %&!' ?(1-
;!".4.%( %3 *=! =!1; %3 *=! 7'%"+'.(0 !(*.*2>
Court actions s%all (e *o7erned (0 Rule 1! of t%e 199" Rules of Ci7il
Procedure> $%is pro7ision is 'it%out preBudice to an0 la' conferrin* on
t%e Supreme Court t%e sole Burisdiction to issue temporar0 restrainin*
orders and inBunctions relatin* to 6nfrastructure ProBects of
Go7ernment>H
LLL
ACT TO PUNISH ESPIONAGE AND OFFENSES
AGAINST NATIONAL SECURITY (CA O1O
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
Section 1(a)D
;or %,*1.(.(0 .(3%')1*.%( '!-1*.(0 *% (1*.%(1- ;!3!(4! 8.*=
.(*!(* *=1* *=! .(3%')1*.%( .4 *% ,! +4!; *% *=! I(<+'2 %3 *=!
P=.-. .r <S>, or to t%e ad7anta*e of an0 nation !(*!'46 L.!4 %&!'6 %'
%,*1.( .(3%')1*.%( concernin* an0 7essel, aircraft, 'or4 of defense,
na70 0ard, na7al station, su(marine (ase, coalin* station, fort, (atter0,
torpedo, station, doc40ard, canal, railroad, arsenal, camp, factor0,
mine, tele*rap%, telep%one, 'ireless, or si*nal station, (uildin*, o8ce8
or ot#%r /*a&% &onn%&t%d 4it# t#% nationa* d%f%n'% :or any
/*a&% in '%ic% an0 7essel, aircraft, arms, munitions, or ot#%r
)at%ria*' or in'tr$)%nt' for t#% $'% in ti)% of 4ar are (ein*
made, prepared, repaired, or stored, under an0 contract or a*reement
'it% t%e P%ilippines or t%e <nited States o'ned, (ein* constructed,
controlled (0 t%e P%ilippines or <S 'it%in its Burisdiction>
-SP6.&AG- (AR$6C+- 11")
$o %,*1.( 1(2 )1*!'.1- %3 1 "%(?;!(*.1- (1*+'! relati7e to t%e defense of
t%e P%ilippine 8.*=%+* 1+*=%'.*2 *=!'!3%', !(*!'4 a 'ars%ip, fort, or na7al
or militar0 esta(lis%ment or reser7ation>
C.3PAR6S.&
6++<S$RA$6.&
-ntr0 into a militar0 esta(lis%ment to o(tain con?dential information for
ma4in* a mo7ie is not punis%a(le under CA 111 (ut under RPC it> $%is is
(ecause in CA 111 intent to inBure t%e P%ilippines is necessar0>
An example of 7iolation of CA 111 is an entr0 into a na7al station to *et
information a(out t%e location of P%ilippine na7al s%ips to (e transmitted to
C%ina
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
Section 1(()
'it% intent to inBure P%ilippines
copies,ta4es,ma4es,o(tains, or induces or aides anot%er to do t%e
aforementioned materials of national defense
C.3PAR6S.&
6++<S$RA$6.&
6f a pu(lic o8cer not a custodian of militar0 information copies information
relati7e to national defense cant (e prosecuted for -spiona*e, eit%er
para*rap% 1 or 5>
$%is is (ecause %e %ad t%e aut%orit0 to enter and %e doesnKt %old it (0 reason
of %is o8ce>
o'e7er, %e can (e %eld lia(le under CA 111>
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( 1("9
'it% intent to inBure t%e P%ilippines or for t%e ad7anta*e of a forei*n
nation
recei7es,o(tains,attempts,a*rees, induce,or aid anot%er to recei7e or
o(tain from anot%er an0 material connected 'it% national defense
Qno'in* or %as reason to (elie7e at t%at tme t%at it 'as o(tained (0
7iolatin* a pro7ision of t%is act
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( 1(;9
'%oe7er la'full0 or unla'full0 possesses material relatin* to national
defense
transmits, communicates it, or retain it and fails to deli7er it on
demand of t%e o8cer entitled to recei7e it>
to someone not entitled to recei7e it
C.3PAR6S.&
6++<S$RA$6.&
A person, eit%er in custod0 or '%o possesses it (0 accident, '%o %as material
relatin* to t%e national defense *i7es it to a &PA *eneral is lia(le under Sec
1(d)
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( 1(!
'%oe7er entrusted 'it% la'ful possession or control of an0 material
relatin* to national defense
t%rou*% *ross ne*li*ence
permits it to (e remo7ed, deli7ered to an0one in 7iolation of t%is trust,
lost, stolen, or destro0ed
C.3PAR6S.&
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( #(1
'%oe7er 'it% intent or reason to (elie7e t%at it is to (e used to t%e
inBur0 of P or to t%e ad7anta*e of a forei*n nation
communicates,transmits,attempts ,or aids or induces anot%er to
communicate or transmit
to a forei*n *o7ernment or an0 of its representati7e or citiCen
directl0 or indirectl0
an0 material or information relatin* to national defense
-spiona*e RPC 11" par 5
1> a pu(lic o8cer '%o %olds con?dential information related to national
defense (0 reason of %is o8ce
5>discloses it to a representati7e of a forei*n nation
C.3PAR6S.&
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( #(,
in time of 'ar
'it% intent t%at t%e same s%all (e communicated to an enem0
collect, record, communicate or attempt to elicit information
'it% respect to an0 information, relatin* to pu(lic defense '%ic% mi*%t
(e useful to t%e enem0 or plans of t%e arm0 na70 or air operations
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( #(,
an0 information 'it% respect to t%e mo7ement, num(er, description,
condition, or disposition of an0 of t%e armed forces, s%ips, aircraft, or
'ar materials of t%e P%ilippines or of t%e <nited States, or 'it% respect
to t%e plans or conduct, or supposed plans or conduct of an0 militar0,
na7al, or air operations, or 'it% respect to an0 'or4s or measures
underta4en for or connected 'it%, or intended for t%e forti?cation or
defense of an0 place, or an0 ot%er information relatin* to t%e pu(lic
defense '%ic% mi*%t (e useful to t%e enem0, s%all (e punis%ed (0
deat% or (0 imprisonment for not more t%an t%irt0 0ears
C.3PAR6S.&
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( 3
'it% intent to inJuence t%e lo0alt0,moral,discipline of t%e
militar0,na70,and airforcee
(a).(;+"! %' "1+4! .(4+,%';.(1*.%(6;.4-%21-*26)+*.(2 %'
'!3+41- %3 ;+*2 an0 mem(er of t%e aforementioned or
(() ;.4*'.,+*! 8'.**!( %' 7'.(*!; material '%ic% induces or
cause insu(ordination,dislo0alt0,mutin0 or refusal of dut0 an0
mem(er of t%e aforementioned
C.3PAR6S.&
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
S!"*.%( K
t%e P%ilippines is at 'ar
con7e0s false reports or false statements 'illfull0
'it% intent to interfere 'it% t%e operationPsuccess of t%e
3ilitar0,na70,airforce or to promote success of its enemies>
(a)Cause or attmpt to cause insu(ordination,dislo0alt0,mutin, or
refusal of dut0 in t%e aforementioned
(() 'illfull0 o(struct t%e recruitment of t%e p%ilippines
.$-R AC$S P<&6S-2
Sec> #> P%oto*rap%in*, etc>, defensi7e installations re*ulated> penalties> R
ma4in* an0 p%oto*rap%er *rap%ical representation of suc% 7ital militar0,
na7al, and air installations or e=uipment
Sec> 9> P%oto*rap%in*, etc>, from aircraft> R usin* aircraft to commit Sec #
ro(les 7irtual la' li(rar0
Sec> 10> Reproducin*, pu(lis%in*, sellin*, etc>, uncensored copies> R
reproduce, pu(lis%, sell, or *i7e a'a0 an0 p%oto*rap%, or *rap%ical
representation of t%e 7ital militar0, na7al, or air installations or e=uipment
under sec #
.$-R AC$S P<&6S-2
Sec> 11> 2estro0in* or inBurin* or attemptin* to inBure or destro0 'ar
material in time of 'ar> M 2estro0in* 'ar materials 7irtual la' li(rar0
Sec> 15> 3a4in* or causin* 'ar material to (e made in defecti7e manner> R
3a4in* defecti7e 'ar materials
Sec> 13> 6nBurin* or destro0in* national defense material, premises, or
utilities> R 2estro0in* national defense materials 7irtual la' li(rar0
Sec> 1,> 3a4in* or causin* to (e made in a defecti7e manner, or attemptin*
to ma4e or cause to (e made in a defecti7e manner, national defense
material> R ma4in* or causin* to (e made defecti7e national defense
materials>
LLL
DEFACEMENT6 MUTILATION6 TEARING6 BURNING OR
DESTROYING CENTRAL BANK NOTES AND COINS
(PD #KF
PR.6)6$-2 AC$S
$%e la' declaresD
1> $%at it s%all (e +(-183+- 3%' 1(2 7!'4%( *% 8.--3+--2 ;!31"!6 )+*.-1*!6
*!1'6 ,+'( %' ;!4*'%26 .( 1(2 )1((!' 8=1*4%!&!'6 "+''!("2 (%*!4 1(;
"%.(4 .44+!; ,2 *=! C!(*'1- B1(C %3 *=! P=.-.77.(!4: and
5> $%at 1(2 7!'4%( 8=% 4=1-- &.%-1*! t%is 2ecree s%all, +7%( "%(&."*.%(,
(e 7+(.4=!; ,2 1 ?(! %3 (%* )%'! *=1( *8!(*2 *=%+41(; 7!4%4
1(;N%' ,2 .)7'.4%()!(* %3 (%* )%'! *=1( ?&! 2!1'4>
CAS-S
$-I-S IS> C.3-+-C A&2 $-I-S
2.C$R6&-D 3oral turpitude %as (een de?ned as !&!'2*=.(0 8=."= .4
;%(! "%(*'1'2 *% <+4*."!6 )%;!4*26 %' 0%%; )%'1-4: an act of
(aseness, 7ileness or depra7it0 in t%e pri7ate and social duties '%ic% a
man o'es %is fello'men, or to societ0 in *eneral>
A determination of all surroundin* circumstances of t%e 7iolation of t%e
statute must (e considered> )esides, )%'1- *+'7.*+;! ;%!4 (%*
.("-+;! 4+"= 1"*4 14 1'! (%* %3 *=!)4!-&!4 .))%'1- ,+* 8=%4!
.--!01-.*2 -.!4 .( *=!.' ,!.(0 7%4.*.&!-2 7'%=.,.*!;6 14 .( *=!
.(4*1(* "14!>
CAS-S
P-.P+- IS> )<S$6&-RA
2.C$R6&-D $%e anti-carnappin* la' particularl0 deals 'it% t%e *=!3*
1(; '%,,!'2 %3 )%*%' &!=."-!4>
ence a motor 7e%icle is said to %a7e (een carnapped '%en it %as
(een *1C!(6 8.*= .(*!(* *% 01.(6 8.*=%+* *=! %8(!'M4 "%(4!(*6
8=!*=!' *=! *1C.(0 814 ;%(! 8.*= %' 8.*=%+* *=! +4! %3 3%'"!
+7%( *=.(04>
Git%out t%e anti-carnappin* la', suc% unla'ful ta4in* of a motor
7e%icle 'ould fall 'it%in t%e pur7ie' of eit%er t%eft or ro((er0 '%ic%
'as certainl0 t%e case (efore t%e enactment of said statute>
LLL
GRANTING IMMUNITY FROM PROSECUTION TO
GI5ERS OF BRIBES AND OTHER GIFTS AND TO
THEIR ACCOMPLICES IN BRIBERY AND OTHER
GRAFT CASES AGAINST PUBLIC OFFICERS (PD
FK9
)ACQGR.<&2
Presidential decree made (0 ;erdinand 3arcos
$%e la' reco*niCes t%e rampant corrupt acts of *o7ernment o8cials> 6t %as
(een 7er0 di8cult to con7ict t%ese corrupt o8cials> $%at is '%0 immunit0 is
*i7en to t%ose '%o (ri(ed t%ese o8cials> $%ese (ri(ers often do not 'ant to
testif0 (ecause it is possi(le t%at t%e0 t%emsel7es (e con7icted of t%e crime
of (ri(er0>
$%e la' states t%at it 'ould rat%er %a7e t%e (ri(er excused from criminal
lia(ilit0 rat%er t%an a pu(lic o8cial to remain in o8ce and continue 'it% %is
corrupt practices>
C.I-RAG- .; 633<&6$F
;elonies under Articles 510,511, 515, of t%e Re7ised Penal Code
Article 3,! of t%e 6nternal Re7enue Code,
Article 310, of t%e $ari/s and Customs Code
-;;-C$ .; 633<&6$F
$%e person '%o 'illin*l0 testi?es as to t%e corrupt practices of t%e pu(lic
o8cial is exempt from criminal lia(ilit0
o'e7er, t%ere are "!'*1.( '!H+.'!)!(*4 %' 71'1)!*!'4 *=1* =1&! *%
,! "%)7-.!; 8.*= ,!3%'! 1 7!'4%( .4 !>!)7* from criminal lia(ilit0
R-S<6R-3-&$S $. )- -T-3P$
$%e 7iolation must %a7e (een alread0 consummated>
$%e information t%at %e is to *i7e is needed to in order to con7ict t%e pu(lic
o8cer>
$%at suc% information is still not in t%e possession of t%e state
Suc% information and testimon0 can (e corro(orated on its material points
$%e informant or 'itness %as not (een pre7iousl0 con7icted of a crime
in7ol7in* moral turpitude
-;;-C$ .; ;A+S- 6&;.R3A$6.&
I3 *=! .(3%')1*.%( 0.&!( %' *=! 1""+41*.%(4 1'! .( '!1-.*2 31-4!6 (%
.))+(.*2 8.-- ,! 0.&!(
Section 5> $%e immunit0 *ranted %ereunder s%all not attac% s%ould it
turn out su(se=uentl0 t%at t%e information andPor testimon0 is false
and malicious or made onl0 for t%e purpose of %arassin*, molestin* or
in an0 'a0 preBudicin* t%e pu(lic o8cer denounced>
R<+- .; C.&;62-&$6A+6$F
Section 3> All preliminar0 in7esti*ations conducted (0 a prosecutin* ?scal,
Bud*e or committee, and all proceedin*s underta4en in connection t%ere'it%,
s%all (e strictl0 con?dential or pri7ate in order to protect t%e reputation of t%e
o8cial under in7esti*ation in t%e e7ent t%at t%e report pro7es to (e
unfounded or no prima facie case is esta(lis%ed>
LLL
FORFEITURE IN FA5OR OF THE STATE ANY
PROPERTY FOUND TO HA5E BEEN
UNLAWFULLY ACQUIRED BY ANY PUBLIC
OFFICER OR EMPLOYEE (RA 13F9
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
OPu(lic .8cer or -mplo0eeO
an0 person %oldin* an0 pu(lic o8ce or emplo0ment (0 7irtue of an
appointment, election or contract, and an0 person %oldin* an0 o8ce or
emplo0ment, (0 appointment or contract, in an0 State o'ned or
controlled corporation or enterprise>
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
O.t%er le*itimatel0 ac=uired propert0O
an0 real or personal propert0, mone0 or securities '%ic% t%e
respondent %as at an0 time ac=uired (0 in%eritance and t%e income
t%ereof, or (0 *ift inter vivos (efore %is (ecomin* a pu(lic o8cer or
emplo0ee, or an0 propert0 (or income t%ereof) alread0 pertainin* to
%im '%en %e =uali?ed for pu(lic o8ce or emplo0ment, or t%e fruits and
income of t%e exclusi7e propert0 of t%e respondent@s spouse>
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
O+e*itimate propert0H s%all not includeD
Propert0 unla'full0 ac=uired (0 t%e respondent, (ut its o'ners%ip is
concealed (0 its (ein* recorded in t%e name of, or %eld (0, t%e
respondent@s spouse, ascendants, descendants, relati7es, or an0 ot%er
person>
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
O+e*itimate propert0H s%all not includeD
Propert0 unla'full0 ac=uired (0 t%e respondent, (ut transferred (0 %im
to anot%er person or persons on or after t%e e/ecti7it0 of t%is Act>
2-;6&6$6.& .; $-R3S
O+e*itimate propert0H s%all not includeD
Propert0 donated to t%e respondent durin* %is incum(enc0, unless %e
can pro7e to t%e satisfaction of t%e court t%at t%e donation is la'ful>
;6+6&G .; P-$6$6.&
$%e Solicitor General, upon complaint (0 an0 taxpa0er to t%e cit0 or
pro7incial ?scal '%o s%all conduct a pre7ious in=uir0 similar to preliminar0
in7esti*ations in criminal cases and s%all certif0 to t%e Solicitor General t%at
t%ere is reasona(le *round to (elie7e t%at t%ere %as (een committed a
7iolation of t%is Act and t%e respondent is pro(a(l0 *uilt0 t%ereof, s%all ?le, in
t%e name and on (e%alf of t%e Repu(lic of t%e P%ilippines, in t%e Court of ;irst
6nstance of t%e cit0 or pro7ince '%ere said pu(lic o8cer or emplo0ee resides
or %olds o8ce, a petition for a 'rit commandin* said o8cer or emplo0ee to
s%o' cause '%0 t%e propert0 aforesaid, or an0 part t%ereof, s%ould not (e
declared propert0 of t%e State
;6+6&G .; P-$6$6.&
GR.<&2S ;.R ;6+6&G .; ;.R;-6$<R-
G%ene7er an0 pu(lic o8cer or emplo0ee %as ac=uired durin* %is
incum(enc0 an amount of propert0 '%ic% is manifestl0 out of
proportion to %is salar0 as suc% pu(lic o8cer or emplo0ee and to %is
ot%er la'ful income and t%e income from le*itimatel0 ac=uired
propert0, said propert0 s%all (e presumed prima facie to %a7e (een
unla'full0 ac=uired
Note t%ere is stron* presumption t%at properties o'ned (0 t%e pu(lic
o8cer t%at is out of proportion 'it% %is declared income is unla'full0
ac=uired
;6+6&G .; P-$6$6.&
Resi*nation, dismissal or separation of t%e o8cer or emplo0ee from %is o8ce
or emplo0ment in t%e Go7ernment or in t%e Go7ernment-o'ned or controlled
corporation s%all not (e a (ar to t%e ?lin* of t%e petitionD
Provided* however* $%at t%e ri*%t to ?le suc% petition s%all prescri(e after
four 0ears from t%e date of t%e resi*nation, dismissal or separation or
expiration of t%e term of t%e o8cer or emplo0ee concerned, except as to
t%ose '%o %a7e ceased to %old o8ce 'it%in ten 0ears prior to t%e appro7al of
t%is Act, in '%ic% case t%e proceedin*s s%all prescri(e after four 0ears from
t%e appro7al %ereof
C.&$-&$S .; P-$6$6.&
(a) $%e name and address of t%e respondent>
(() $%e pu(lic o8ce or emplo0ment %e %olds and suc% ot%er pu(lic o8ces or
emplo0ment '%ic% %e %as pre7iousl0 %eld>
(c) $%e approximate amount of propert0 %e %as ac=uired durin* %is
incum(enc0 in %is past and present o8ces and emplo0ments>
(d) A description of said propert0, or suc% t%ereof as %as (een identi?ed (0
t%e Solicitor General>
(e) $%e total amount of %is *o7ernment salar0 and ot%er proper earnin*s and
incomes from le*itimatel0 ac=uired propert0, and
(f) Suc% ot%er information as ma0 ena(le t%e court to determine '%et%er or
not t%e respondent %as unla'full0 ac=uired propert0 durin* %is incum(enc0
-AR6&G
$%e Court s%all set a date for a %earin*, '%ic% ma0 (e open to t%e pu(lic, and
durin* '%ic% t%e respondent s%all (e *i7en ample opportunit0 to explain, to
t%e satisfaction of t%e court, %o' %e %as ac=uired t%e propert0 in =uestion
9<2G3-&$
6f t%e respondent is una(le to s%o' to t%e satisfaction of t%e court t%at %e %as
la'full0 ac=uired t%e propert0 in =uestion, t%en t%e court s%all declare suc%
propert0, forfeited in fa7or of t%e State, and (0 7irtue of suc% Bud*ment t%e
propert0 aforesaid s%all (ecome propert0 of t%e State
Note 2urin* t%e %earin*, *=! ,+';!( %3 7'%%3 .4 +7%( *=! 7+,-." %/"!'
to pro7e t%at t%e properties in dan*er of forfeiture 'as le*itimatel0 ac=uired>
PR.$-C$6.& AGA6&S$ S-+;-6&CR636&A$6.&
&eit%er t%e respondent nor an0 ot%er person s%all (e excused from attendin*
and testif0in* or from producin* (oo4s, papers, correspondence, memoranda
and ot%er records on t%e *round t%at t%e testimon0 or e7idence,
documentar0 or ot%er'ise, re=uired of %im ma0 tend to incriminate %im or
su(Bect %im to prosecution: (ut no indi7idual s%all (e prosecuted criminall0
for or on account of an0 transaction, matter or t%in* concernin* '%ic% %e is
compelled, after %a7in* claimed %is pri7ile*e a*ainst self-incrimination, to
testif0 or produce e7idence, documentar0 or ot%er'ise, except t%at suc%
indi7idual so testif0in* s%all not (e exempt from prosecution and con7iction
for perBur0 or false testimon0 committed in so testif0in* or from
administrati7e proceedin*s>
633<&6$F
$%e Solicitor General ma0 *rant immunit0 from criminal prosecution to an0
person '%o testi?es to t%e unla'ful manner in '%ic% t%e respondent %as
ac=uired an0 of t%e propert0 in =uestion in cases '%ere suc% testimon0 is
necessar0 to pro7e 7iolations of t%is Act>
P-&A+$6-S
An0 7+,-." %/"!' %' !)7-%2!! '%o s%all, after t%e e/ecti7e date of t%is
Act, *'1(43!' %' "%(&!2 1(2 +(-183+--2 1"H+.'!; 7'%7!'*2 s%all (e
repressed 'it% .)7'.4%()!(* 3%' 1 *!') (%* !>"!!;.(0 ?&! 2!1'46 %' 1
?(! (%* !>"!!;.(0 *!( *=%+41(; 7!4%46 %' ,%*= suc% imprisonment and
?ne>
$%e same repression s%all (e imposed upon 1(2 7!'4%( 8=% 4=1--
C(%8.(0-2 1""!7* 4+"= *'1(43!' %' "%(&!21("!
CAS-S
Ca(al 7s> Qapunan
;orfeiture proceedin*s are considered as criminal proceedin*s> Petition
of ca(al is *ranted, orderin* t%e lo'er court to stop proceedin* for
citin* ca(al in contempt
CAS-S
Garcia 7s> Sandi*an(a0an
$%e plunder la' did not impliedl0 repeal t%e forfeiture la'>
$%e plunder la' is a criminal case '%ile t%e forfeiture la' is a ci7il
case>
$%e t'o cases 'it% t%e Sandi*an(a0an cannot (e consolidated, since
t%e t'o la's %a7e di/erent sets of *uidelines t%at 'ould 'arrant a
conclusion of *uilt>
CAS-S
Repu(lic 7s> Sandi*an(a0an and 3arcos
$%e 3arcos famil0 made admissions t%at t%e0 reall0 o'ned t%e S'iss
accounts> <pon comparison to t%eir salaries as pu(lic ser7ants, suc%
accounts 'ere %i*%l0 disproportionate> $%ere is indeed a prima facie
presumption t%at suc% accounts 'ere unla'full0 ac=uired and must
t%en (e forfeited in fa7or of t%e P%ilippine *o7ernment>
CAS-S
Repu(lic 7s> Sandi*an(a0an and Asistio
6n cases of unla'full0 ac=uired 'ealt% amassed ,!3%'! F!,'+1'2 #P6
19GO, as is t%e situation o(tainin* in t%e case at (ar, it is t%e Solicitor
General '%o s%ould ?le t%e petition for forfeiture
CAS-S
)a*arin 7s> Repu(lic
;orfeiture proceedin*s ruled Ci7il in &ature>
LLL
ANTI-CARNAPPING ACT (PD 1G#9
A&$6-CAR&APP6&G AC$
(P2 1#59)
Repu(lic Act &o> 1!39, titled OA& AC$ PR-I-&$6&G A&2 P-&A+6U6&G
CAR&APP6&GH is a special la' t%at penaliCes carnappin*> 6t 'as si*ned into
la' on Au*ust 51, 19"5>
$%e Anti-Carnappin* Act of 19"5 3.26;6-S t%e Re7ised Penal Code 'it%
respect to certain motor 7e%icles, particularl0 t%e pro7isions on Suali?ed
$%eft, as 'ell as t%e pro7isions on Ro((er0> 6t e/ecti7el0 remo7es t%e t%eft or
ro((er0 of Omotor 7e%iclesH as de?ned in t%is Act from t%e pur7ie' of t%e
Re7ised Penal Code>
DEFINITION OF TERMS
ACarnappin*A is t%e ta4in*, 'it% intent to *ain, of a motor 7e%icle (elon*in*
to anot%er 'it%out t%e latter@s consent, or (0 means of 7iolence a*ainst or
intimidation of persons, or (0 usin* force upon t%in*s>
A3otor 7e%icleA is an0 7e%icle propelled (0 an0 po'er ot%er t%an muscular
po'er usin* t%e pu(lic %i*%'a0s
DEFINITION OF TERMS
EECEPT9
road rollers, trolle0 cars, street-s'eepers, sprin4lers, la'n mo'ers,
(ulldoCers, *raders, for4-lifts, amp%i(ian truc4s, and cranes if not used on
pu(lic %i*%'a0s, 7e%icles, '%ic% run onl0 on rails or trac4s, and tractors,
trailers and traction en*ines of all 4inds used exclusi7el0 for a*ricultural
purposes>
$railers %a7in* an0 num(er of '%eels, '%en propelled or intended to (e
propelled (0 attac%ment to a motor 7e%icle, s%all (e classi?ed as separate
motor 7e%icle 'it% no po'er ratin*>
DEFINITION OF TERMS
A2efacin* or tamperin* 'it%A a serial num(er is t%e erasin*, scratc%in*,
alterin* or c%an*in* of t%e ori*inal factor0-inscri(ed serial num(er on t%e
motor 7e%icle en*ine, en*ine (loc4 or c%assis of an0 motor 7e%icle>
ARepaintin*A is c%an*in* t%e color of a motor 7e%icle (0 means of paintin*>
$%ere is repaintin* '%ene7er t%e ne' color of a motor 7e%icle is di/erent
from its color as re*istered in t%e +and $ransportation Commission>
A)od0-(uildin*A is a Bo( underta4en on a motor 7e%icle in order to replace its
entire (od0 'it% a ne' (od0>
ARemodelin*A is t%e introduction of some c%an*es in t%e s%ape or form of t%e
(od0 of t%e motor 7e%icle>
A2ismantlin*A is t%e tearin* apart, piece (0 piece or part (0 part, of a motor
7e%icle>
A.7er%aulin*A is t%e cleanin* or repairin* of t%e '%ole en*ine of a motor
7e%icle (0 separatin* t%e motor en*ine and its parts from t%e (od0 of t%e
motor 7e%icle>
REGISTRATION
$%e +and $ransportation .8ce must 4eep a permanent re*istr0 of motor
7e%icle en*ines, en*ine (loc4s and c%assis of all motor 7e%icles, specif0in*
t%erein t%eir t0pe, ma4e and serial num(ers and statin* t%erein t%e names
and addresses of t%eir present and pre7ious o'ners> (Sec> ,)
-7er0 sale, transfer, con7e0ance, su(stitution or replacement of a motor
7e%icle en*ine, en*ine (loc4 or c%assis of a motor 7e%icle s%all (e re*istered
'it% t%e +$.>
3otor 7e%icles re(uilt or repaired (0 replacement 'it% motor 7e%icle
en*ines, en*ine (loc4s and c%assis not re*istered 'ill not (e issued
certi?cates of re*istration> (Sec> !)
REGISTRATION
All motor 7e%icle en*ines, en*ine (loc4s and c%assis not re*istered 'it% t%e
+$. s%all (e considered as untaxed importation or comin* from an ille*al
source or carnapped, and s%all (e con?scated in fa7or of t%e Go7ernment>
(Sec>3)
.ri*inal Re*istration of 3otor Ie%icles
An0 person see4in* an ori*inal re*istration of a motor 7e%icle, '%et%er ne'l0
assem(led or re(uilt or ac=uired from a re*istered o'ner 'ill %a7e to appl0 to
t%e &)6 for clearance of t%e motor 7e%icle for re*istration 'it% t%e +$.
$%is must (e done 'it%in one 'ee4 after t%e completion of t%e
assem(l0 or re(uildin* Bo( or ac=uisition t%ereof>
$%e &)6 s%all 7erif0 if t%e motor 7e%icle or its num(ered parts are in t%e list of
carnapped 7e%icles or stolen motor 7e%icles parts> 6f not on t%e list, t%e &)6
s%all issue a certi?cate of clearance>
<pon presentment of t%e certi?cate of clearance and 7eri?cation a*ainst t%e
permanent re*istr0 of motor 7e%icle en*ines, en*ine (loc4s and c%assis, onl0
t%en 'ill t%e +$. re*ister t%e motor 7e%icle>
DUTIES IMPOSED
1> 2ut0 of Collector of Customs
$%e Collector of Customs is mandated to ma4e a report (to t%e +$.) of
imported motor 7e%icle, motor 7e%icle en*ine, en*ine (loc4, c%assis or (od0
'it%in " da0s after arri7al of t%e same>
$%e ma4e, t0pe and serial num(ers, as 'ell as t%e names and
addresses of t%e o'ner or consi*nee t%ereof of eac% must (e speci?ed>
DUTIES IMPOSED
5> 2ut0 of 6mporters, 2istri(utors and Sellers of 3otor Ie%icles
6mporters, distri(utors and sellers of motor 7e%icles are re=uired to 4eep a
permanent record of t%eir stoc4s>
$%e ma4e, t0pe and serial num(ers, as 'ell as t%e names and
addresses from '%om t%e0 'ere ac=uired and of t%e persons to '%om
t%e0 'ere sold>
A mont%l0 report of %is transactions in motor 7e%icles must (e
su(mitted to t%e +$.>
DUTIES IMPOSED
3> 2ut0 of 3anufacturer of -n*ine )loc4s, C%assis or )od0
$%e0 are re=uired to cause t%e num(erin* of e7er0 en*ine (loc4, c%assis or
(od0 manufactured in a con7enient and conspicuous part t%ereof '%ic% t%e
+$. ma0 direct for t%e purpose of uniformit0 and identi?cation of t%e factor0>
$%e0 must su(mit to t%e +$. a mont%l0 report of t%e manufacture and sale of
en*ine (loc4s, c%assis or (od0>
DUTIES IMPOSED
Clearance and Permit Re=uired forD
assem(l0 or re(uildin* of motor 7e%icles
s%ipment of motor 7e%icles, motor 7e%icle en*ines, en*ine (loc4s, c%assis or
(od0
PUNISHABLE ACTS
1> D%fa&ing or ta)/%ring 4it# '%ria* n$)b%r' of )otor v%#i&*% %ngin%'8
%ngin% b*o&9' and &#a''i'.
6t s%all (e unla'ful for an0 person to deface or ot%er'ise tamper 'it% t%e
ori*inal or re*istered serial num(er of motor 7e%icle en*ines, en*ine (loc4s
and c%assis>
PUNISHABLE ACTS
:. "arna//ing (14 ;!?(!; .( S!"*.%( #
$%e elements of carnappin* are t%usD
t%e ta4in* of a motor 7e%icle '%ic% (elon*s to anot%er:
t%e ta4in* is 'it%out t%e consent of t%e o'ner or (0 means of 7iolence
a*ainst or intimidation of persons or (0 usin* force upon t%in*s: and
t%e ta4in* is done 'it% intent to *ain> (People 7> )ustinera, 500,)
VGW%ile t%e anti-carnappin* la' penaliCes t%e unla'ful ta4in* of motor
7e%icles, it -TC-P$S from its co7era*e certain 7e%icles suc% as
roadrollers, trolle0s, street-s'eepers, sprin4lers, la'n mo'ers,
amp%i(ian truc4s and cranes if not used on pu(lic %i*%'a0s, 7e%icles
'%ic% run onl0 on rails and trac4s, and tractors, trailers and tractor
en*ines of all 4inds and used exclusi7el0 for a*ricultural purposes>

)0 implication, t%e t%eft or ro((er0 of t%e fore*oin* 7e%icles 'ould (e
co7ered (0 Article 310 of t%e Re7ised Penal Code, as amended and t%e
pro7isions on ro((er0, respecti7el0> (Supra)
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. B+4*.(!'1
;AC$SD C mana*es a taxica( (usiness and %ired ) as a taxi dri7er and
assi*ned to ) a particular ca(> 6t 'as a*reed t%at ) 'ould dri7e t%e taxi from
1A3 to 11P3, after '%ic% %e 'ould return it to CKs taxica( *ara*e and remit
t%e (oundar0 fee in t%e amount of P"#0>00Pda0>
.ne da0, ) reported for 'or4 and dro7e t%e taxi (ut %e did not return it on
t%e same da0 as %e 'as supposed to, for reason t%at %e 'as not *oin* to (e
a(le to pa0 t%e (oundar0 fee> $%e follo'in* da0, C 'ent to )Ks %ouse to
ascertain '%0 t%e taxi 'as not returned, (ut neit%er ) nor t%e taxica( 'as
t%ere> A da0 later, ) instructed %is 'ife to ad7ance a portion of '%at %e o'ed
and to inform C t%at %e 'ill not (e a(le to return t%e taxi since %e still %ad a
(alance t%ereof>
) asserts t%at %e 'as a(le to return t%e taxi 11 da0s t%ereafter, and to
e7entuall0 pa0o/ %is de(t>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. B+4*.(!'1
6SS<-D
Gas t%ere carnappin*, despite ) (ein* %ired to dri7e t%e taxica( and %is e7entual
return of t%e motor 7e%icleX F-S>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. B+4*.(!'1
RA$6.D
6n t%e case at (ar, ) 'it% intent to *ain, too4 t%e taxi o'ned (0 C 'it%out t%e
latterKs consent> -7er0 element of t%e crime of carnappin* %as (een pro7ed>
$%at ) (rou*%t out t%e taxi and did not return it on t%e same da0 as %e 'as
supposed to is admitted>
<nla'ful ta4in*, or apoderamiento, is t%e ta4in* of t%e motor 7e%icle 'it%out
t%e consent of t%e o'ner, or (0 means of 7iolence a*ainst or intimidation of
persons, or (0 usin* force upon t%in*s: it is deemed complete from t%e
moment t%e o/ender *ains possession of t%e t%in*, e7en if %e %as no
opportunit0 to dispose of t%e same
PUNISHABLE ACTS
;$a*i<%d "arna//ing
6t is =uali?ed '%enD
o Ot%e carnappin* is committed (0 means of 7iolence a*ainst or intimidation of
an0 person, or force upon t%in*sNH
o Ot%e o'ner or dri7er or occupant of t%e carnapped motor 7e%icle is 4illed or
raped in t%e course of t%e commission of t%e carnappin* or on t%e occasion
t%ereof>H
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. L101*
;AC$SD )ia* and %is tric0cle 'ent missin*> $%e follo'in* da0, +a*at and
Palala0 '%o 'ere at a pala0 (u0in* station, and 'as t%en on (oard t%e same
missin* tric0cle, Bumped and ran t%e moment t%e0 sa' t%e police
approac%in* t%em>
<pon inspection of t%e tric0cle, t%e police found traces of (lood inside it,
to*et%er 'it% t%e ori*inal receipt and certi?cate of re*istration of t%e 7e%icle
in t%e name of 9ose )ia*> $%e0 also reco7ered ca7ans of pala0 t%erein>
)ia*Ks corpse 'as reco7ered in a ra7ine>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. L101*
6SS<-D G%et%er or not t%ere 'as =uali?ed carnappin* in t%is case>
RA$6.D $%e records of t%is case s%o' t%at all t%e elements of carnappin* are
present and 'ere pro7en durin* trial>
$%e fore*oin* circumstantial e7idence onl0 leads to t%e conclusion t%at +a*at
and Palala0 conspired to 4ill )ia* in order to steal %is tric0cle> 2irect proof
t%at t%e t'o accused conspired is not essential as it ma0 (e inferred from
t%eir conduct (efore, durin*, and after t%eir commission of t%e crime t%at
t%e0 acted 'it% a common purpose and desi*n>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. L101*
$%e pieces of e7idence presented (0 t%e prosecution are consistent 'it% one
anot%er and t%e onl0 rational proposition t%at can (e dra'n t%erefrom is t%at
t%e accused are *uilt0 of 4illin* )ia* to "1'(17 %is tric0cle>
G%en a person is 4illed or raped in t%e course of or on t%e occasion of t%e
carnappin*, *=! "'.)! %3 "1'(177.(0 .4 H+1-.?!; and t%e penalt0 is
increased pursuant to Section 1, of Repu(lic Act &o> 1!39, as amended>
NOTE9 A tric0cle is 'it%in t%e pur7ie' of t%e de?nition of motor 7e%icles
under RA> 1!39>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. N%"+)
;AC$SD 3allari is part of a s0ndicate *roup called O;T *an*,H notorious for
carBac4in* $o0ota ;T 7e%icles> 3allari 'it% %is *roup 'ere instructed to
deli7er t'o ;T 7e%icles to (e ta4en to +anao 2el &orte t%e follo'in* 'ee4>
$%ereafter, 3allari Ja**ed do'n a $o0ota ;T taxi, dri7en (0 3edel, and
(oarded t%e same 'it% %is *roup> 3edel 'as sta((ed to deat% for resistin*
t%e *roup and 'as dumped some'%ere in SueCon>
3allari and %is co%orts deli7ered t%e taxi to +anao 2e &orte and recei7ed
P5!0,000 in consideration t%ereof>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. N%"+)
6SS<-D G%et%er or not t%ere 'as =uali?ed carnappin*> F-S
-+2D 3allari is con7icted (e0ond reasona(le dou(t of t%e special complex
crime of carnappin* 'it% %omicide>
RA$6.D <nder t%e last clause of Section 1, of t%e Anti-Carnappin* Act of 19"5
as amended (0 Section 50 of RA "1!9, t%e penalt0 of reclusion perpetua to
deat% s%all (e imposed '%en t%e o'ner or dri7er of t%e 7e%icle is 4illed in t%e
course of t%e commission of t%e carnappin* or on t%e occasion t%ereof>
All t%e elements of t%e special complex crime of carnappin* 'it% %omicide, as
'ell as t%e identit0 of 3allari as one of t%e perpetrators of t%e crime, 'ere all
pro7ed (e0ond reasona(le dou(t> $%e fore*oin* circumstances ine7ita(l0
lead to t%e lone, fair and reasona(le conclusion t%at 3allari participated in
stealin* t%e ;T taxi dri7en (0 3edel and in 4illin* %im>
ILLUSTRATION
(P!%7-! &. N%"+)
&.$-D 6t is curious '%0 t%is (ecame a complex crime, '%en it 'as admitted
t%at it is Suali?ed Carnappin* under section 1, of RA 1!39> $%e a**ra7atin*
circumstances of t%e commission of t%e o/ense (0 a mem(er of an or*aniCed
or s0ndicated crime *roup under Article 15 'as considered in t%is case
alt%ou*% t%e same 'as not applied since it 'as not alle*ed in t%e
6nformation> Ieril0, it 'ould mean t%at t%e same could %a7e (een applied, in
contradiction 'it% t%e rulin* in People 7> )ustinera, '%ic% statesD Ofor t%e
application of penalties under t%e said Code or (0 ot%er rele7ant statutor0
pro7isions are (ased on or applica(le onl0 to said rules for felonies under t%e
Code>H
FENCING CARNAPPED MOTOR 5EHICLES
A;encin*A is t%e act of an0 person '%o, 'it% intent to *ain for %imself or for
anot%er, s%all (u0, recei7e, possess, 4eep, ac=uire, conceal, sell or dispose of,
or s%all (u0 and sell, or in an0 ot%er manner deal in an0 article, item, o(Bect
or an0t%in* of 7alue '%ic% %e 4no's, or s%ould (e 4no'n to %im, to %a7e
(een deri7ed from t%e proceeds of t%e crime of ro((er0 or t%eft> (P2 1115)
ILLUSTRATION
(D.)1* &. P!%7-!
;AC$SD Sonia 2el*ado (ou*%t from t%e accused 2imat a &issan Safari for
P#!0,000> $%e 2eed of Sale indicated its en*ine and c%assis num(er>
Police o8cers spotted t%e &issan Safari dri7en (0 2el*ado (earin* a
suspicious plate num(er> After stoppin* t%e 7e%icle t%e0 disco7ered t%at its
en*ine num(er 'as in actual di/erent from '%at 'as indicated in t%e 2eed of
Sale> $%e0 also found t%at t%e particular &issan Safari 'as on t%eir list of
stolen 7e%icles>
2imat claims %e (ou*%t t%e 7e%icle from a certain $olentino in *ood fait% and
for 7alue: t%at t%e same 'as *i7en as collateral for a loan: t%at $olentino
promised to pro7ided for its ori*inal re*istration papers (ut failed to deli7er>
R$C found 2imat *uilt0 of 7iolation of t%e Anti-;encin* +a'>
ILLUSTRATION
(D.)1* &. P!%7-!
6SS<-D G%et%er or not 2imat can (e con7icted for 7iolation of t%e Anti-
;encin* +a' despite t%e lac4 of criminal intent> F-S
RA$6.D P21115 is a special la' and, t%erefore, its 7iolation is re*arded
as malum prohibitum, re=uirin* no proof of criminal intent> .f course, t%e
prosecution must still pro7e t%at 2imat 4ne' or s%ould %a7e 4no'n t%at t%e
&issan Safari %e ac=uired and later sold to 2el*ado 'as deri7ed from t%eft or
ro((er0 and t%at %e intended to o(tain some *ain out of %is acts> xxx $%e
7e%icle %a7in* (een carnapped, $olentino 'as una(le to ma4e *ood on %is
promise to produce ne' documents> $%is s%ould %a7e undou(tedl0 con?rmed
to 2imat t%at t%e &issan Safari came from an illicit source> Still, 2imat sold
t%e same to Sonia 2el*ado>
LLL
ANTI-MONEY LAUNDERING ACT OF 2001 (RA
9160) AS AMENDED
I. Brief B!"#r$%&'
The Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2001 (Republic Act No. 910! "a# enacted in 29 $epte%ber 2001.
Thi# i# &to protect and pre#er'e the integrity and confidentiality of ban( account# and to en#ure that the
)hilippine# #hall not be u#ed a# a %oney laundering #ite for the proceed# of any unla"ful acti'ity.*
($ection 2+ RA 910!. RA 910 "a# a%ended three ti%e#, in - March 200. by RA 919/+ in 0une 2012
by RA 101- and in 1ebruary 201. by RA 10.2.
59 Septem(er 5001- A3+A of 5001 (RA 9110) 'as enacted>
" 3arc% 5003- RA 919,
1 9une 5015- RA 1011"
1 ;e(ruar0 5013- RA 1031!
Co7ered institutions
)an4s, non-(an4s, =uasi-(an4s, trust entities, forei*n exc%an*e, pa'ns%ops,
mone0 c%an*ers, remittance and transfer companies and all ot%er institutions
and t%eir su(sidiaries and a8liates super7ised or re*ulated (0 t%e )an*4o
Sentral n* Pilipinas ()SP)
6nsurance companies, pre-need companies and all ot%er institutions
super7ised or re*ulated (0 t%e 6nsurance Commission (6C)
Securities dealers, (ro4ers, salesmen, in7estment %ouses and ot%er similar
entities mana*in* securities or renderin* ser7ices as in7estment a*ent,
ad7isor, or consultant
3utual funds, close-end in7estment companies, common trust funds, pre-
need companies and ot%er similar entities
;orei*n exc%an*e corporations, mone0 c%an*ers, mone0 pa0ment,
remittance and transfer companies and ot%er similar entities
Be'elr0 dealers in precious metals, '%o, as a (usiness, trade in precious
metals, for transactions in excess of .ne million pesos (P1,000,000>00):
Be'elr0 dealers in precious stones, '%o, as a (usiness, trade in precious
stones, for transactions in excess of .ne million pesos (P1,000,000>00):
(1) compan0 ser7ice pro7iders '%ic%, as a (usiness, pro7ide an0 of t%e follo'in*
ser7ices to t%ird partiesD
(i) actin* as a formation a*ent of Buridical persons:
(ii) actin* as (or arran*in* for anot%er person to act as) a director or corporate
secretar0 of a compan0, a partner of a partners%ip, or a similar position in
relation to ot%er Buridical persons:
(iii) pro7idin* a re*istered o8ce, (usiness address or accommodation,
correspondence or administrati7e address for a compan0, a partners%ip or
an0 ot%er le*al person or arran*ement: and
(i7) actin* as (or arran*in* for anot%er person to act as) a nominee s%are%older
for anot%er person:
(") persons '%o pro7ide an0 of t%e follo'in* ser7icesD
(i) mana*in* of client mone0, securities or ot%er assets:
(ii) mana*ement of (an4, sa7in*s or securities accounts:
(iii) or*aniCation of contri(utions for t%e creation, operation or mana*ement of
companies: and
(i7) creation, operation or mana*ement of Buridical persons or arran*ements, and
(u0in* and sellin* (usiness entities>
O&ot'it%standin* t%e fore*oin*, t%e term Yco7ered personsK s%all !>"-+;! -182!'4
1(; 1""%+(*1(*4 1"*.(0 14 .(;!7!(;!(* -!01- 7'%3!44.%(1-4 .( '!-1*.%( *%
.(3%')1*.%( "%("!'(.(0 *=!.' "-.!(*4 %' 8=!'! ;.4"-%4+'! %3 .(3%')1*.%(
8%+-; "%)7'%).4! "-.!(* "%(?;!("!4 %' *=! 1**%'(!2-"-.!(*
'!-1*.%(4=.79 Provided* $%at t%ese la'0ers and accountants are 1+*=%'.A!; *%
7'1"*."! .( *=! P=.-.77.(!4 and s%all continue to (e su(Bect to t%e pro7isions of
t%eir respecti7e codes of conduct andPor professional responsi(ilit0 or an0 of its
amendments>H
Co7ered transaction
Suspicious transaction-re*ardless of amount, t%e follo'in* circumstances existD
1> $%ere is no underl0in* le*al or trade o(li*ation, purpose or economic
Busti?cation>
5> $%e client is not properl0 identi?ed>
3> $%e amount in7ol7ed is not commensurate 'it% t%e (usiness or ?nancial
capacit0 of t%e client>
,> $a4in* into account all 4no'n circumstances, it ma0 (e percei7ed t%at t%e
clientKs transaction is structured in order to a7oid (ein* t%e su(Bect of
reportin* re=uirements under t%e Act>
!> An0 circumstance relatin* to t%e transaction '%ic% is o(ser7ed to de7iate from
t%e pro?le of t%e clientKs past transactions 'it% t%e co7ered institution>
1> $%e transaction is in an0 'a0 related to an unla'ful acti7it0 or o/ense under t%is
Act t%at is a(out to (e, is (ein* or %as (een committed>
"> An0 transaction t%at is similar or analo*ous to an0 of t%e fore*oin*>
3onetar0 instrument
a> Coins or currenc0 of le*al tender of t%e P%ilippines, or of an0 ot%er countr0
(> 2rafts, c%ec4s and notes
c> Securities or ne*otia(le instruments, (onds, commercial papers, deposit
certi?cates, trust certi?cates, custodial receipts or deposit su(stitute
instruments, tradin* orders, transaction tic4ets and con?rmations of sale or
in7estment and mone0 mar4et instruments
d> .t%er similar instruments '%ere title t%ereto passes to anot%er (0
endorsement, assi*nment or deli7er0
./ender- person '%o commits a mone0 launderin* o/ense
Person- an0 natural or Buridical person
Proceeds- refers to an amount deri7ed or realiCed from an unla'ful acti7it0
Super7isin* Aut%orit0- )SP, 6C and S-C
$ransaction Mrefers to an0 act esta(lis%in* an0 ri*%t or o(li*ation or *i7in*
rise to an0 contractual or le*al relations%ip (et'een t%e parties t%ereto> 6t
also includes an0 mo7ement of funds (0 an0 means 'it% a co7ered
institution>
P'!".%+4 )!*1-4 -s%all mean *old, sil7er, platinum, palladium, r%odium,
rut%enium, iridium and osmium> $%ese include allo0s of precious metals,
solders and platin* c%emicals suc% as r%odium and palladium platin*
solutions and potassium *old c0anide and potassium sil7er c0anide and sil7er
c0anide in salt solution>
P'!".%+4 4*%(!4-s%all mean diamond, ru(0, emerald, sapp%ire, opal,
amet%0st, (er0l, topaC, and *arnet t%at are used in Be'elr0 ma4in*, includin*
t%ose formerl0 classi?ed as semi-precious stones>H
3one0 launderin* (Sec> ,)
a> An0 person 4no'in* t%at an0 monetar0 instrument or propert0 represents,
in7ol7es, or relates to, t%e proceeds of an0 unla'ful acti7it0, transacts or
attempts to transact said monetar0 instrument or propert0>
(> An0 person 4no'in* t%at an0 monetar0 instrument or propert0 in7ol7es t%e
proceeds of an0 unla'ful acti7it0, transacts or attempts to transact said
monetar0 instrument or propert0>
c> An0 person 4no'in* t%at an0 monetar0 instrument or propert0 is re=uired
under t%is Act to (e disclosed and ?led 'it% t%e Anti-3one0 +aunderin*
Council (A3+C), fails to do so>
(a) transacts said monetar0 instrument or propert0:
(() con7erts, transfers, disposes of, mo7es, ac=uires, possesses or uses said
monetar0 instrument or propert0:
(c) conceals or dis*uises t%e true nature, source, location, disposition, mo7ement or
o'ners%ip of or ri*%ts 'it% respect to said monetar0 instrument or propert0:
(d) attempts or conspires to commit mone0 launderin* o/enses referred to in
para*rap%s (a), (() or (c):
(e) aids, a(ets, assists in or counsels t%e commission of t%e mone0 launderin*
o/enses referred to in para*rap%s (a), (() or (c) a(o7e: and
(f) performs or fails to perform an0 act as a result of '%ic% %e facilitates t%e o/ense
of mone0 launderin* referred to in para*rap%s (a), (() or (c) a(o7e>
3 S$AG-S .; 3.&-F +A<&2-R6&G
1> Placement
5> +a0erin*
3> 6nte*ration
Commonl0 Perpetrated Acts (Sec 5)
A3+C C.3P.S6$6.& A&2 ;<&C$6.& (Sec>")
$%e Anti-3one0 +aunderin* Council is created and composed of t%e Go7ernor
of t%e )SP (C%airman), and t%e Commissioner of t%e 6C and t%e C%airman of
t%e S-C as mem(ers>
A3+C Secretariat- must (e a mem(er of t%e P%ilippine )ar, at least t%irt0-?7e
(3!) 0ears of a*e and of *ood moral c%aracter, un=uestiona(le inte*rit0 and
4no'n pro(it0 (Sec> #)
(1) to re=uire and recei7e co7ered transaction reports from co7ered institutions:
(5) to issue orders addressed to t%e appropriate Super7isin* Aut%orit0 or t%e
co7ered institution to determine t%e true identit0 of t%e o'ner of an0
monetar0 instrument or propert0 su(Bect of a co7ered transaction %'
4+47.".%+4 *'1(41"*.%( '!7%'* or re=uest for assistance from a forei*n
State, or (elie7ed (0 t%e Council, on t%e (asis of su(stantial e7idence, to (e,
in '%ole or in part, '%ere7er located, representin*, in7ol7in*, or related to,
directl0 or indirectl0, in an0 manner or (0 an0 means, t%e proceeds of an
unla'ful acti7it0>
(3) to institute ci7il forfeiture proceedin*s and all ot%er remedial proceedin*s
t%rou*% t%e .8ce of t%e Solicitor General:
(,) to cause t%e ?lin* of complaints 'it% t%e 2epartment of 9ustice or t%e
.m(udsman for t%e prosecution of mone0 launderin* o/enses:
A(!) *% .(&!4*.01*! suspicious transactions and co7ered transactions deemed
suspicious after an in7esti*ation (0 A3+C, mone0 launderin* acti7ities, and ot%er
7iolations of t%is Act:
(1) to appl0 (efore t%e Court of Appeals, ex parte* for t%e freeCin* of an0 monetar0
instrument or propert0 alle*ed to (e laundered, proceeds from, or instrumentalities
used in or intended for use in an0 unla'ful acti7it0 as de?ned in Section 3(i) %ereof:
(") to implement suc% measures as ma0 (e necessar0 and Busti?ed under t%is Act to
counteract mone0 launderin*:
(#) to recei7e and ta4e action in respect of, an0 re=uest from forei*n states for
assistance in t%eir o'n anti-mone0 launderin* operations pro7ided in t%is Act:
(9) to de7elop educational pro*rams on t%e pernicious e/ects of mone0 launderin*,
t%e met%ods and tec%ni=ues used in mone0 launderin*, t%e 7ia(le means of
pre7entin* mone0 launderin* and t%e e/ecti7e 'a0s of prosecutin* and punis%in*
o/enders: and
(10) to enlist t%e assistance of an0 (ranc%, department, (ureau, o8ce, a*enc0 or
instrumentalit0 of t%e *o7ernment, includin* *o7ernment-o'ned and -controlled
corporations, in underta4in* an0 and all anti-mone0 launderin* operations, '%ic%
ma0 include t%e use of its personnel, facilities and resources for t%e more resolute
pre7ention, detection and in7esti*ation of mone0 launderin* o/enses and
prosecution of o/enders>
(11) to impose administrati7e sanctions for t%e 7iolation of la's, rules, re*ulations
and orders and resolutions issued pursuant t%ereto>
(15) to re=uire t%e +and Re*istration Aut%orit0 and all its Re*istries of 2eeds to
su(mit to t%e A3+C, reports on all real estate transactions in7ol7in* an amount in
excess of ;i7e %undred t%ousand pesos (P!00,000>00) 'it%in ?fteen (1!) da0s from
t%e date of re*istration of t%e transaction, in a form to (e prescri(ed (0 t%e A3+C>
$%e A3+C ma0 also re=uire t%e +and Re*istration Aut%orit0 and all its Re*istries of
2eeds to su(mit copies of rele7ant documents of all real estate transactions>
QFC A&2 C$R A&2 S$R R-P.R$6&G (Sec> 9)
(a) Customer 6denti?cation- name, address, nature of (usiness or income etc>
(() Record Qeepin*> M! 0ears from dates of transactions
O(c) Reportin* of Co7ered and Suspicious $ransactions> M Co7ered persons s%all
report to t%e A3+C all co7ered transactions and suspicious transactions 'it%in ?&!
(P 8%'C.(0 ;124 3'%) %""+''!("! *=!'!%36 +(-!44 *=! AMLC 7'!4"'.,!4 1
;.B!'!(* 7!'.%; (%* !>"!!;.(0 ?3*!!( (1P 8%'C.(0 ;124.
OL182!'4 1(; 1""%+(*1(*4 1"*.(0 14 .(;!7!(;!(* -!01- 7'%3!44.%(1-4
1'! (%* '!H+.'!; *% '!7%'* "%&!'!; 1(; 4+47.".%+4 *'1(41"*.%(4 .3 *=!
'!-!&1(* .(3%')1*.%( 814 %,*1.(!; .( ".'"+)4*1("!4 8=!'! *=!2 1'!
4+,<!"* *% 7'%3!44.%(1- 4!"'!"2 %' -!01- 7'%3!44.%(1- 7'.&.-!0!.
;R--U- .R2-R (Sec> 10)
O<pon a 7eri?ed ex parte petition (0 t%e A3+C and after determination t%at
pro(a(le cause exists t%at an0 monetar0 instrument or propert0 is in an0 'a0
related to an unla'ful acti7it0 as de?ned in Section 3(i) %ereof, t%e Court of
Appeals ma0 issue a freeCe order '%ic% s%all (e e/ecti7e immediatel0, and
8=."= 4=1-- (%* !>"!!; 4.> (O )%(*=4 ;!7!(;.(0 +7%( *=!
".'"+)4*1("!4 %3 *=! "14!9Provided* $%at if t%ere is (% "14! ?-!;
101.(4* 1 7!'4%( 8=%4! 1""%+(* =14 ,!!( 3'%A!( 8.*=.( *=! 7!'.%;
;!*!').(!; ,2 *=! "%+'*6 *=! 3'!!A! %';!' 4=1-- ,! ;!!)!; i/'o
fa&to -.3*!;D Provided* further* $%at t%is ne' rule s%all not appl0 to pendin*
cases in t%e courts> 6n an0 case, t%e court s%ould act on t%e petition to
3'!!A! 8.*=.( *8!(*2-3%+' (#K =%+'4 3'%) ?-.(0 %3 *=! 7!*.*.%(> 6f t%e
application is ?led a da0 (efore a non'or4in* da0, t%e computation of t%e
*8!(*2-3%+' (#K-=%+' 7!'.%; 4=1-- !>"-+;! *=! (%(8%'C.(0 ;124.
A<$.R6$F $. 6&S<6R- 6&$. )A&Q 2-P.S6$S (Sec> 11)
t%e A3+C ma0 in=uire into or examine an0 particular deposit or in7estment
'it% an0 (an4in* institution or non-(an4 ?nancial institution upon order of
an0 competent court in cases of 7iolation of t%is Act '%en it =14 ,!!(
!4*1,-.4=!; *=1* *=!'! .4 7'%,1,-! "1+4! *=1* *=! ;!7%4.*4 %'
.(&!4*)!(*4 .(&%-&!; 1'! .( 1(2 812 '!-1*!; *% 1 )%(!2 -1+(;!'.(0
%B!(4!D Pro7ided, $%at t%is pro7ision s%all (%* 177-2 to ;!7%4.*4 1(;
.(&!4*)!(*4 )1;! 7'.%' *% *=! !B!"*.&.*2 %3 *=.4 A"*.
C6I6+ ;.R;-6$<R- (Sec> 15)
O(a) (ivil 9orfeiture. M U7%( ;!*!').(1*.%( ,2 *=! AMLC *=1* 7'%,1,-! "1+4!
!>.4*4 *=1* 1(2 )%(!*1'2 .(4*'+)!(* %' 7'%7!'*2 .4 .( 1(2 812 '!-1*!; *%
1( +(-183+- 1"*.&.*2 6 t%! AMLC 4=1-- ?-! 8.*= *=! 177'%7'.1*! "%+'*
*='%+0= *=! O/"! %3 *=! S%-.".*%' G!(!'1-6 1 &!'.?!;%= parte petition for
forfeiture, and t%e Rules of Court on Ci7il ;orfeiture s%all appl0>
-3%'3!.*+'! .("-+;!4 %*=!' )%(!*1'2 .(4*'+)!(* %' 7'%7!'*2 =1&.(0 1(
!H+.&1-!(* &1-+! *% *=1* %3 *=! )%(!*1'2 .(4*'+)!(* %' 7'%7!'*2 3%+(; *%
,! '!-1*!; .( 1(2 812 *% 1( +(-183+- 1"*.&.*2 %' 1 )%(!2 -1+(;!'.(0
%B!(4!6 '%en 'it% due dili*ence, t%e 3%')!' "1((%* ,! -%"1*!;, or it %as (een
4+,4*1(*.1--2 1-*!'!;6 ;!4*'%2!;6 ;.).(.4=!; .( &1-+! %' %*=!'8.4!
'!(;!'!; 8%'*=-!44 ,2 1(2 1"* %' %).44.%(, or it %as ,!!( "%("!1-!;6
'!)%&!;6 "%(&!'*!;6 %' %*=!'8.4! *'1(43!''!;6 %' .* .4 -%"1*!; %+*4.;! *=!
P=.-.77.(!4 %' =14 ,!!( 7-1"!; %' ,'%+0=* %+*4.;! *=! <+'.4;."*.%( %3 *=!
"%+'*, or it =14 ,!!( "%)).(0-!; 8.*= %*=!' )%(!*1'2 .(4*'+)!(* %'
7'%7!'*2 ,!-%(0.(0 *% !.*=!' *=! %B!(;!' =.)4!-3 %' 1 *=.'; 7!'4%( %'
!(*.*2, t%ere(0 renderin* t%e same di8cult to identif0 or (e se*re*ated for
purposes of forfeiture>
P-&A+ PR.I6S6.&S (Sec> 1,)
(a) P!(1-*.!4 3%' F1.-+'! *% K!!7 R!"%';4. $%e penalt0 of imprisonment
from six (1) mont%s to one (1) 0ear or a ?ne of not less t%an .ne %undred
t%ousand P%ilippine pesos (P%p100,000>00) (ut not more t%an ;i7e %undred
t%ousand P%ilippine pesos (P%p!00,000>00), or (ot%
(() M1-.".%+4 R!7%'*.(0> An0 person '%o, 'it% malice, or in (ad fait%,
reports or ?les a completel0 un'arranted or false information relati7e to
mone0 launderin* transaction a*ainst an0 person s%all (e su(Bect to a
penalt0 of six (1) mont%s to four (,) 0ears imprisonment and a ?ne of not less
t%an .ne %undred t%ousand P%ilippine pesos (P%p100, 000>00) (ut not more
t%an ;i7e %undred t%ousand P%ilippine pesos (P%p!00, 000>00), at t%e
discretion of t%e courtD Pro7ided, $%at t%e o/ender is not entitled to a7ail t%e
(ene?ts of t%e Pro(ation +a'>
(c) B'!1"= %3 C%(?;!(*.1-.*2. $%e punis%ment of imprisonment ran*in*
from t%ree (3) to ei*%t (#) 0ears and a ?ne of not less t%an ;i7e %undred
t%ousand P%ilippine pesos (P%p!00,000>00) (ut not more t%an .ne million
P%ilippine pesos (P%p1,000,000>00)>

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