Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.

uk
Session Objectives
Understand the constructs that underpin most
programming languages.
Use these constructs to create simple computer
programs using Python.
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
About me
Alistair Surrall
CAS Master Teacher
BSc (Hons Computer Science
MA Technology and !ducation
Teaching "CT#Computing $or % years
&eader o$ &earning 'ith (e' Technologies at TCS
asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
@surrall
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
Hardware and Software
Computer systems are made up o$ t'o components
hard'are and so$t'are.
Hardware Software
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What is programming
Programming is the process o$ 'riting instructions to control
hard'are. Creating so$t'are.
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Programming languages
The instructions you 'rite need to )e in a language the
hard'are understands. There are loads o$ programming
languages each 'ith their o'n idiosyncrasies.
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
Common constructs
!early all programming languages pro*ide the same
constructs $or you to use to create your programs.
Se+uencing
Selection
"teration
Su),routines
-aria)les
.ata Structures
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
Se"uencing
Se"uencing means each instruction in the program is
e/ecuted once in the order it 'as gi*en.
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Se"uencing
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Selection
Selection means that the computer selects 'hich instruction
to e/ecute ne/t.
This can )e )ased on a condition in the program or on user
input.
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
Selection
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Selection# $% &'S&
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Selection# $% ( &'S& $%
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$teration
$teration 0ust means repetition.
There are many times 'hen you $ind yoursel$ gi*ing the same
instruction repeatedly.
"teration is used to tell the computer1s hard'are to $ollo' the
same instruction a num)er o$ times.
Programming languages use 'oops to repeat an instruction.
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Se"uence
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$teration
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$teration# %O) loops
%O) 'oops repeat an instruction a set num)er o$ times.
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$teration# WH$'& loops
WH$'& 'oops repeat an instruction until a condition is met .
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Sub*routines
2hen a se+uence o$ instructions is going to )e repeated a
num)er o$ times at di$$erent points in the same program it is
o$ten use$ul to put them in a separate su),routine.
The su),routine can then )e called at the rele*ant points in
the program.
2hen programming a su),routine can )e de$ined as +a named
bloc, of code that carries out a specific tas,-.
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Sub*routines
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Sub*routines
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Sub*routines# %unctions
A %unction is a su),routine that returns a *alue.
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
Sub*routines# Procedures
Procedures are su),routines that don-t return a *alue. They
can display in$ormation to a user )ut they don1t return any
in$ormation )ack to the main program.
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.ariables
A variable is a named location in the computer1s memory that
a programmer can use to store 3 manipulate data 'hilst the
program is running.
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.ariables
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/ata types
2hen you declare your *aria)le )y gi*ing it it1s name the
computer 'ill 'ant to kno' 'hat type o$ data you are going
to store in it Te/t4 (um)er4 Character etc.
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
/ata Structures
.ata Structures are a 'ay o$ storing or organising in$ormation
in your program so that it can )e used e$$iciently.
The most common type o$ data structure is called an array.
Arrays are 0ust a set o$ *aria)les o$ the same type held in ro's
and columns.
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
/ata Structures
.ata Structures are a 'ay o$ storing or organising in$ormation
in your program so that it can )e used e$$iciently.
The most common type o$ data structure is called an array.
Arrays are 0ust a set o$ *aria)les o$ the same type held in ro's
and columns.
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/ata Structures# Arrays
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/ata Structures# &lements
!ach *aria)le in an array is called an element. !ach element
can )e accessed )y re$erencing it1s location in the array.
arrNames[3]
(otice that the elements always )egin at 5.
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0uestions
Activities
Programming for Teachers asurrall@thecooperschool.co.uk
Pygame