Hardware Description PCUSN Engineering view AGENDA AGENDA Delta features between V14.3 to V15.1 EDGE Parameters EDGE activation EDGE Dynamic allocation EDGE MCS Selection EDGE backhaul evolution GPRS/EDGE R99 compatibility GPRS/EDGE RLC polling improvement EDGE counters and Metrics EDGE new Counters/Metrics overview EDGE Radio quality EDGE Link adaptation EDGE Ressource (Radio/Abis/AGPRS) New counters for GPRS enhancements October 11th 2 Nortel Confidential Information Delta Features between V14.3 to V15.1 3 Nortel Confidential Information V15.0 Evolution >New Modulation and Coding Scheme on air interface >Backhaul evolution to cope with higher throughput >Link adaptation mechanism EDGE Introduction Data performances are dramatically improved 4 Nortel Confidential Information V15.0 Evolution >This feature allows to suppress the second phase of an Ul TBF establishement, thus allowing to start the Ul TBF faster. >A contention resolution mechanismhad to be set up to secure the procedure. GPRS One Phase Access Fater Ul TBF establishment, leading to better overall throughput 5 Nortel Confidential Information V15.0 Evolution GPRS One Phase Access Channel Request Channel Required Immediate Assignment Immediate Assignment Packet resources Request Packet UL Assignment (S/P = 1, RRBP) Packet Control Acknowledgment PCU BTS MS First Data Block DL Data Block with USF Phase 1 Phase 2 Channel Request Channel Required Immediate Assignment Immediate Assignment PCU BTS MS First Data Block DL Data Block with USF T UL TBF establ. in 2 phases without CCCH @ BTS UL TBF establishment in 1 phase 6 Nortel Confidential Information V15.0.1 Evolution >during a transfert, the MS had to read periodically the SI13 message on BCCH in order to get all mandatory GPRS information. The MS leaves periodically the PDTCH to listen to the BCCH and some radio blocks are lost. >From V15.0.1, this feature allows to broadcast all mandatory information during the TBF on PACCH: the Packet System Information 13 (PSI13), which is made of the same data as the SI13. The loss of radio bandwidth is then minimized. PSI 13 broadcast on PACCH Better throughput UL & DL (no more blocks lost) 7 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution >Objective: only 1 DL TBF per transfer. >The DL TBF is never released if one UL TBF is simultaneously opened. Full DL Keep Active DL establishment time saved. Better use of LA in DL for EDGE (less initial MCS) 8 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution >Objective: only 1 UL TBF per transfer for Rel4 MS >The UL TBF is not released when all UL blocks have been transmitted. The TBF is finally released after tNwExtUtbf if no new fresh block has been sent by the MS. >New Parameters: nwExtUtbf / onlyExtUtbf => feature activation tNwExtUtbf / tUsfExt / nUsfExt => feature tuning Extended UL TBF RTD dramatically improved: better reactivity Better use of LA in UL for EDGE (less initial MCS) 9 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution >Live tests have been performed to optimize the extended UL period. >New Recommendations: Extended UL TBF: Engineering Test Plan (ETP) Results Very good performances for all applications (FTP / WEB) and all radio conditions, resource usage optimized. t Beginning of extended UL period End of UL TBF tNwExtUtbf = 2s tUsfExt = 600ms USF Allocation is unchanged 1 USF is allocated every nUsfExt = 2 blocks UL transfer 10 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution >The keep-alive timer can be reduced after a GMM procedure (Attach, RA update) in order to save resources. Keep Alive after GMM procedure Gain of up to 15% of PCU CPU usage for data traffic (theoretical value, depends on customer profile) 11 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution >Every class B MS which is GPRS attached shall SUSPEND the GPRS service when it enters dedicated mode (CS calls). >Previously to V15.1, a RAU is then executed at the end of the CS call. >From V15.1, a specific RESUME procedure is initiated by the network to re-activate GPRS service after a GSM call. >The MS does not perform a RA update anymore, saving radio resources and CPU load. Suspend and Resume PCUSN load and radio occupancy decreased. 12 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution >Circuit and packet paging are sent through the Gb interface. >MS in packet transfer can receive circuit paging on traffic channels. >Signaling procedures are optimized: Combined GSM/GPRS attach Combined LA/RA update. >The feature requires the presence of a Gs interface between SGSN and MSC NMO 1 support Paging success rate increased Cell reselection duration between 2 LA improved Signaling load decreased MSC/VLR BSC BTS BTS BTS BTS SGSN PCU MSC/VLR BSC BTS BTS BTS BTS SGSN PCU MS attached to GPRS services & standby state MS attached to GPRS services & ready state BSC broadcasts paging on CCCH Paging on: PACCH if TBF established CCCH if no TBF established MSC/VLR BSC BTS BTS BTS BTS SGSN PCU MSC/VLR BSC BTS BTS BTS BTS SGSN PCU MS attached to GPRS services & standby state MS attached to GPRS services & ready state BSC broadcasts paging on CCCH Paging on: PACCH if TBF established CCCH if no TBF established 13 Nortel Confidential Information V15.1 Evolution Pre-emptive retransmission improvements >In pre-emptive retransmission phase (i.e. while waiting for acknowledgement from the mobile when no fresh blocks are available), the pending blocks are retransmitted only once. This save a lot of resources and thus improve the BSS efficiency. better spectral efficiency : ressources saved can be used by other MS if needed. 14 Nortel Confidential Information The PCUSN in GPRS/EDGE network Hardware Description PCUSN Engineering view AGENDA AGENDA Delta features between V14.3 to V15.1 EDGE Parameters EDGE activation EDGE Dynamic allocation EDGE MCS Selection EDGE backhaul evolution GPRS/EDGE R99 compatibility GPRS/EDGE RLC polling improvement EDGE counters and Metrics EDGE new Counters/Metrics overview EDGE Radio quality EDGE Link adaptation EDGE Ressource (Radio/Abis/AGPRS) New counters for GPRS enhancements October 11th 15 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Activation - EDGE activation at transceiver level. edgeDataServiceType TDMA EDGE activation at cell level. Usage Enabled Recommendation egprsServices BTS Parameter Objet egprsServices > No hardware verification is done to control the activation in the target cell. If no DRX is EDGE capable in the cell, the PCU will allocate all EDGE MS in GPRS mode. edgeDataServiceType > capabilityNotRequestedfor a normal TDMA => Carries only GPRS TBF > fullCapabiliyRequestedfor an EDGE TDMA => Carries EDGE and GPRS TBF 3 3 Class 16 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Dynamic Allocation (1/2) Note edgeFavor and eDGEMixity only matter in case of multiple TDMA (if eDGEMixity <>0) 3, 4 or 5 - Relative offer of EDGE TDMA for EDGE MS. edgeFavor TDMA Relative offer of EDGE TDMA for GPRS-only MS. Usage 100 % Recommendation eDGEMixity BTS Parameter Objet 3 3 Class 17 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Dynamic Allocation (2/2) edgeFavor >Impact EDGE MS on EDGE TDMA >Depends on the expected throughput on EDGE TDMA Linked to radio conditions / MCS usage eDGEMixity >Impact GPRS MS on EDGE TDMA 100% : full multiplexing on EDGE TDMA 0 % : no GPRS MS on EDGE TDMA (not recommended) >Other values limit GPRS allocation on EDGE TDMA. 18 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE MCS Selection: Averaging (1/2) 10 BEP averaging period used at MS side. (i.e. for DL TBF) bEPPeriod BTS 10 BEP averaging period used at MS side. (i.e. for UL TBF) ulBepPeriod TDMA Usage Recommendation Parameter Objet 3 3 Class 19 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE MCS Selection: Averaging (2/2) bEPPeriod (DL TBF) >Broadcast on SI13. (defined in 3GPP standard) >Process For each DL block, the MS measures the Bit Error Probability (BEP) The MS filters the BEP values (MEAN_BEP & CV_BEP) according to bEPPeriod The MS reports the filtered value in E-PDAN. ulBepPeriod (UL TBF) >Not defined in 3GPP standard >Nortel choice : same mapping as in 3GPP standard + extended range >Process For each DL block, the BTS measures the Bit Error Probability (BEP) The BTS filters the BEP values (MEAN_BEP & CV_BEP) according to ulBepPeriod The BTS reports the filtered value to the PCU in each TRAU frame. 20 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE MCS selection : initial MCS MCS 5 MCS to be used when starting a DL TBF initialMCSDL TRX MCS 5 MCS to be used when starting a UL TBF. initialMCSUL TRX Usage Recommendation Parameter Objet 3 3 Class > The initial MCS is selected when the radio conditions are unknown at the beginning of a TBF. > The initial MCS is very important for application creating very short transfers. 21 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE MCS selection : Link adaptation > one couple (MEAN_BEP / CV_BEP) 1 MCS 32 values for MEAN_BEP / 8 values for CV_BEP table of (32 * 8) = 256 elements MEAN_BEP and CV_BEP depend on the modulation : several tables are needed. > 4 DL LA tables are available, depending on the input and output: DL 8-PSK Table (no output limitation) => dlMCSxUpperThreshold DL GMSK Table (no output limitation) => dlGMSKMCSxUpperThreshold DL 8-PSK Table with GMSK ONLY output => dlGMSKMCSxUpperThreshold DL GMSK Table with GMSK ONLY output => dlGMSKMCSxUpperThreshold > 2 UL LA tables are available, depending on the output: UL 8-PSK Table => ulMCS2UpperThreshold UL 8-PSK Table with GMSK ONLY output => ulGMSKMCS2UpperThreshold GMSK BEP mapped to equivalent 8-PSK BEP in UL: only one type of input 22 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE MCS selection : Link adaptation (3/5) DL 8-PSK table example dlMCS2UpperThreshold = 3*8 + 7 = 31 dlMCS3UpperThreshold = 0 dlMCS5UpperThreshold = 9*8 = 72 dlMCS6UpperThreshold = 17*8 = 136 dlMCS7UpperThreshold = 22*8 + 6 = 182 dlMCS8UpperThreshold = 24*8 + 7 = 201 LA 8PSK DL CV_BEP : 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 MEAN_BEP 0 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 5 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 7 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 8 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 9 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 10 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 11 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 12 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 13 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 14 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 15 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 16 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 17 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 18 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 19 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 20 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 21 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 7 22 7 7 7 7 7 7 8 8 23 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 24 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 9 25 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 26 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 27 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 28 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 29 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 30 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 31 9 9 9 9 9 9 9 9
dlGMSKMCS2UpperThreshold = 6*8 + 6 = 54 dlGMSKMCS3UpperThreshold = 14*8 = 112 24 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE-related backhaul evolution (1/3) 3 or 4. Number of ABIS jokers DS0 associated to one TDMA. numberOfJ okerDS0 TDMA 2, 3 or 4. Target number of AGPRS J oker 16k-TS to be assigned to each main AGPRS TS. jokerPerMainTarget TDMA Usage Recommendation Parameter Objet 3 3 Class > ABIS is dynamic at TDMA level : ABIS jokers are allocated to the MS that need it according to radio conditions. > AGPRS is dynamic at PCM level (cf Dynamic AGPRS algorithm). AGPRS TS can be allocated to the cells that need it according to the cell load. 25 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE-related backhaul evolution (2/3) numberOfJokerDS0 > 4 DS0 when some PCM room is available. > 3 DS0 may be considered if it allows to save 1 PCM. > 2 DS0 has a big impact on performance. It is recommended to add a PCM. 26 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE-related backhaul evolution (3/3) jokerPerMainTarget (JPMT) > Engineering rule : If dynamic AGPRS is activated To avoid ABIS waste : jokerPerMainTarget (4*numberOfJokerDS0) / NbOfPDTCH > J PMT should be set according to radio conditions and operator strategy : High value (4) will favor EDGE mobiles High MCS will be available as soon as possible (if radio conditions are good). Some main TS may be preempted, thus reducing GPRS QoS in some circumstances. Lower values (2, 3) have less impact on GPRS QoS.
27 Nortel Confidential Information
GPRS / EDGE R99 compatibility Depends on SGSN. Reflects the SGSN release (R97 / R99) sGSNRelease BTS Usage Recommendation Parameter Objet sGSNRelease : > R97 SGSN shall support EDGE (EDGE only modifies the radio protocol) > The BSS broadcasts the release supported by SGSN through the SGSNRbit in SI13. Note: features available with R99 SGSN: Secondary PDP context MS initiated PDP Context modification RFC 25.07: Degemark compression on SNDCP 3 Class 28 Nortel Confidential Information GPRS-EDGE RLC Polling Improvement 1 (120ms) Polling period during Keep- Alive, DL pre-establishment and preemptive retransmission rLCPolling BTS Usage Recommendation Parameter Objet rLCPolling : > control the polling period during the 240 first ms of DL Keep-Alive, DL pre-establishment and during preemptive retransmission 0 : 240 ms (no change) 1 : 120 ms 2 : 60 ms > 1 (120ms) is a trade-off between performance and UL resource consumption. 3 Class 29 Nortel Confidential Information The PCUSN in GPRS/EDGE network Hardware Description PCUSN Engineering view AGENDA AGENDA Delta features between V14.3 to V15.1 EDGE Parameters EDGE activation EDGE Dynamic allocation EDGE MCS Selection EDGE backhaul evolution GPRS/EDGE R99 compatibility GPRS/EDGE RLC polling improvement EDGE counters and Metrics EDGE new Counters/Metrics overview EDGE Radio quality EDGE Link adaptation EDGE Traffic & Performance EDGE Ressource (Radio/Abis/AGPRS) New counters for GPRS enhancements October 11th 30 Nortel Confidential Information Overview EDGE Counters / Metrics Summary New Metrics New Counters RADIO QUALITY UL MEAN_BEP DL GMSK / 8-PSK MEAN_BEP 9 (PCU) LINK ADAPTATION UL/Dl MCS usage UL/DL radio BLER per MCS UL/DL effective throughput per MCS LA usage 42 (PCU) TRAFFIC & PERFORMANCE UL/DL EDGE effective RLC/MAC throughput in the cell EDGE to GPRS data traffic ratio EDGE RLC data block & radio data Blocks UL/DL EDGE to GPRS data transfer duration ratio Average UL/DL TBF duration 9 (PCU) RADIO RESSOURCE ABIS Lack of Abis J oker on the cell Nb of DSO configured in the cell 3 (PCU) 4 (BSC) AGPRS Nb of Agprs Main & J oker TS allocated to the cell UL/DL AGPRS PCM resource occupancy Agprs Number of modification request 14 (PCU) EDGE TBF Downgraded to GPRS EDGE configured PDTCH 4 (PCU) 12 (BSC) 31 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Radio Quality > DL GMSK MEAN_BEP based on GMSK BEP reported by the MS in LQM (Link Quality Measurement, sent in PDAN) > DL 8-PSK MEAN_BEP based on 8-PSK BEP reported by the MS in LQM > UL MEAN_BEP based on BEP measured by the BTS GMSK BEP translated into 8-PSK BEP : only one type of report. > Unit: 100* (BEP%) the mapping to MEAN_BEP [031] depends on the modulation Metrics Name UL_AVG_EDGE_QUALITY DL_AVG_GMSK_EDGE_QUALITY DL_AVG_8PSK_EDGE_QUALITY 32 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Link adaptation (1/3) >UL / DL MCS usage Statistics over all EDGE transmitted blocks, taking into account: MCS commanded by LA Initial MCS used MCS downgraded due to backhaul limitation MCS downgraded due to multiplexing with GPRS MS in UL MCS downgraded due to retransmission constraint Metrics Name UL_EDGE_MCSx_USAGE DL_EDGE_MCSx_USAGE 33 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Link adaptation (2/3) > UL / DL LA MCS usage Statistics over all EDGE transmitted blocks, taking into account: MCS commanded by LA > UL / DL Radio BLER per MCS Only based on MCS commanded by LA Allow LA fine tuning Metrics Name UL_TARGETED_TRANSMITTED_MCSx_USAGE DL_TARGETED_TRANSMITTED_MCSx_USAGE Metrics Name UL_RADIO_BLER_MCSx DL_RADIO_BLER_MCSx 34 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Link adaptation (3/3) > UL / DL RLC effective Throughput per MCS Based on Radio BLER and MCS payload > UL / DL Link Adaptation Usage Based on MCS commanded by LA and transmitted compared to global MCS transmitted Metrics Name UL_RLC_EFFECTIVE_THROUGHPUT_MCSx DL_RLC_EFFECTIVE_THROUGHPUT_MCSx Metrics Name UL_MCS_LA_COMMANDED_RATIO DL_MCS_LA_COMMANDED_RATIO 35 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Traffic & Performance (1/2) > UL / DL Traffic profile Ratio EDGE to GPRS (Duration and Volume) EDGE Volume (Radio and Data Block) Metrics Name PCU_EDGE_DATA_BLOCKS_UP PCU_EDGE_DATA_BLOCKS_DN UL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_DATA_BLOCKS_RATIO DL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_DATA_BLOCKS_RATIO PCU_EDGE_RADIO_BLOCKS_UP PCU_EDGE_RADIO_BLOCKS_DN UL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_RADIO_BLOCKS_RATIO DL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_RADIO_BLOCKS_RATIO UL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_EFFECTIVE_DATA_RATIO DL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_EFFECTIVE_DATA_RATIO UL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_DATA_TRANSFER_DURATION_RATIO DL_EDGE_TO_GPRS_DATA_TRANSFER_DURATION_RATIO 36 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Traffic & Performance (2/2) >UL / DL Throughput In addition to GPRS throughput metrics, 2 new metrics are created at cell level for EDGE throughput >UL / DL TBF profile All metrics concerning TBF establishment and TBF drop are global for GPRS/EDGE. Metrics Name EDGE_AVG_UL_THROUGHPUT EDGE_AVG_DL_THROUGHPUT 37 Nortel Confidential Information GPRS / EDGE Resource problem troubleshooting (1/2) Radio Bandwidth Abis Bandwidth Agprs Bandwidth UL & DL, GPRS & EDGE, average effective throughput Degradation due to > Data volume increase > Radio quality decrease > CS pre-emption increase Degradation due to > Lack of J oker Abis TS (EDGE) Degradation due to > Excessive Agprs compression rate > High PCM occupancy (traffic increase) 38 Nortel Confidential Information > Data volume increase DL & UL Radio Resource occupancy DL PDTCH satisfaction rate > Radio quality decrease DL Average GMSK MEAN_BEP and 8-PSK MEAN_BEP (EDGE) UL Average MEAN_BEP (EDGE) RxLev&RxQual(GPRS) BLER (GPRS) > CS pre-emption increase Configured PDTCH allocated to CS > Lack of J oker Abis TS (EDGE) Average number of Abis joker TS missing Percentage of time when some Abis joker TS are missing DL throughput loss due to Abis > High PCM occupancy (traffic increase) Agprs PCM resource occupancy Agprs Data PCM resource occupancy AGPRS TS modification requested ratio > Excessive Agprs compression rate Average number of Agprs Main + J oker TS (EDGE) DL PDTCH satisfaction rate GPRS / EDGE Resource problem troubleshooting (2/2) Radio Bandwidth Abis Bandwidth Agprs Bandwidth 39 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Radio Bandwidth > EDGE specific > GPRS/EDGE Metrics Name EDGE_CONFIGURED_PDTCH_RATIO EDGE_PDTCH_FOR_PACKET_RATIO EDGE_PDTCH_FOR_CIRCUIT_RATIO DOWNGRADED_TO_GPRS_TBF_RATIO Metrics Name PDTCH_FOR_PACKET_RATIO PDTCH_FOR_CIRCUIT_RATIO UL_PDTCH_OCCUPANCY DL_PDTCH_OCCUPANCY PREEMPTION_SUCCESS_RATIO DL_PDTCH_SATISFACTION_RATE 40 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Abis Bandwidth > All metrics related to Abis are EDGE specific Metrics Name AVG_NB_ABIS_JOKER_TS_MISSING LACK_ABIS_JOKER_TS_TIME_RATIO DL_THROUGHPUT_LOSS_DUE_TO_ABIS DL_ABIS_JOKER_OCCUPANCY UL_ABIS_JOKER_OCCUPANCY 41 Nortel Confidential Information EDGE Agprs Bandwidth > All metrics on Agprs are global GPRS/EDGE Metrics Name AGPRS_EFFECTIVE_COMPRESSION_RATE DYN_AGPRS_NB_TS_MODIFICATION_REQUEST_RATIO DYN_AGPRS_AVG_NB_TS_ALLOC DYN_AGPRS_AVG_NB_JOKER_TS_ALLOC AGPRS_UL_PCM_OCCUPANCY AGPRS_DL_PCM_OCCUPANCY AGPRS_UL_DATA_PCM_OCCUPANCY AGPRS_DL_DATA_PCM_OCCUPANCY 42 Nortel Confidential Information New Counters for GPRS Enhancements > GPRS Throughput Monitoring UL/DL GPRS effective RLC/MAC throughput Number of GPRS UL pipes greater than 22 kbps Number of DL TBF pre- established with LLC frames transmitted > 7 counters pcuDlThroughputCum 15007/1 CUM CELL pcuDlThroughputNbs 15007/1 NBS CELL pcuUpThroughputCum 15193/0 CUM CELL pcuUpThroughputNbs 15193/0 NBS CELL pcuUpThroughputAvg 15193/0 AVG CELL pcuUpPipeGreater22kbps 15194/0 CUM CELL pcuDnPreEstWithLLCFrameTransmitted 15195/0 CUM CELL pcuChannelRequestOnePhase 15190/0 CUM CCCH pcuUpTbfImmediateAssignmentOnePhase 15191/0 CUM CCCH pcuContentionFailureOnePhase 15192/0 CUM CCCH > One Phase Access Monitoring GPRS and EDGE One-Phase access RACH compared to the total RACH (GSM included). Allocation failure ratio during the One-Phase access half-duplex UL TBF establishment. Contention failure ratio of a One- Phase access half-duplex UL TBF establishment. > 3 counters