Derivation of wave-particle duality and Schrdingers wave

equation through quantum mechanical force

Kapil Chandra
*1
1
National Laboratory for Fusion, EURATOM/Ciemat, ave. de cumpultanse, Madrid, Spain








Abstract:


wave particle duality is key of wave mechanics of moving bodies, it was derived through balancing
wave energy of moving bodies with its rest mass energy, here we proposed an alternative method to
restore this equation, we derived it through comparing our previously proposed quantum mechanical force
and classical Newtonian force, via this equation we also derived a wave equation which is clone of
Schrdingers wave equation. This opens new possibility to understand the quantum mechanics in light of
force instead of energy and have potential to explain several atomic phenomena where force is important
ingredient.















*
chandra.kapil@ciemat.es
We already know the classical force and we dont have quantized form of force however
in our previous article [1] we proposed the quantum form of force the so called quantum
mechanical force, which can be written in following mathematical expression,

F =
hc
2nx
2
(1)
where, F is the amount of force, h is Planck constant, c is the speed of light and is the
wavelength of waves. This equation is in good agreement with previous experimental findings as
cited in our previous article [1]
Now, we will show its compatibility with the central concept of quantum mechanics [2].
We will start it from the key ingredient of quantum mechanics: the wave particle duality
equation [3]; we will show it can be derived through the proposed quantum mechanical force.
According to assumption wave must have particle like attribute, since we are able to calculate the
force due wave like nature of moving bodies from Eq. (1) and from classical Newtonian
mechanics we can calculate the force of moving particle if we assume it as point mass particle,
and therefore a relation between the wavelength and mass of moving particle can be deduced by
balancing both force. However suppose mass is m, moving with the acceleration a, hence the
force will be ma F = , here we assume that the particle as a wave, therefore o =
c
2
x
, at the
condition where both forces are equal and thus equation can be written as followings,

hc
x
2
=
mc
2
x
(2)
and this will correspond to
z =
h
mc
(3)
this showed us relationship between the wavelength of moving particle and corresponding mass
of it. We recognize it as clone of De-Broglies wave particle duality equation [3], right from this
equation wave mechanics of moving bodies started. One can easily see that wave particle duality
equation can also be deduced from balancing the force instead of energy as what De-Broglie did
in his seminal hypothesis and it facilitates us to an alternative theory to deduction of wave
particle duality equation and new explanation of dual aspect of moving bodies. From recent
experiment it has been found that the relative heavy molecule also show the dual behavior which
are moving with relative low velocity respect to speed of light, this can be explained in
perspective of force instead of energy.
Next, We know that moving particle have wave particle aspect however, moving particle
behave as wave therefore, while writing wave equation for moving particle, we can substitute
l =
h
2n
and k =
2n
x
so Eq. (1) will correspond to,
F = lck
2
(4)
On the basis of it we can also generalize the wave equation for moving bodies from Eq.
(2), if we substitute Eq. (4) in Eq. (2) and v =
c
x
, c = u and = 2nv and therefore,
l:k
2
= m: (5)
from this equation we can easily generalize the wave equation, while using the similar wave
transformation what Schrdinger used in his work, here we assume that a plane wave (x, t) =
Ac
(kx-ot)
where is wave function and A is amplitude of wave and x is initial position and t is
time and therefore,

t
= -i and

x
= ik
x
hence,

2
x
2
= -k
x
2
, if we substitute these all
in Eq. (5) we will get a wave equation,
i

t
= -
l
m

2
x
2
(6)
where entire notations are holding their usual meanings and we recognize it as the Schrdingers
wave equation [4], on the RHS of this equation only the numerical factor 2 is missing.
Clarification to it is disregard here, which will be justified in next article. Here it is assumed that
forces are balanced and no other external acting force on moving particle, this equation is for one
dimensional motion. Here the intention of author is only to describe the alternate approach for
the derivation of Schrdingers wave equation therefore other aspects and characteristics of this
equation are disregarded.
From these discussions its clear that, there are possibilities of quantization force.
Through it we successfully restored the wave particle duality equation and Schrdingers wave
equation, this compatibility of proposed force. Author believes it may be helpful to understand
the atomic scale physics where quantum mechanics comes in play and force is an important
ingredient to understand phenomena such as force spectroscopy, Casmir force, Zeeman effect,
Stark effect and nuclear force.

References:
1. Quantum light pressure and relation between lights wavelength and its corresponding
fields, http://www.wbabin.net/files/4430_chandra5.pdf
2. Wheeler J.A. & Zurek W.H. (eds.) Quantum Theory and Measurement (Princeton
University press, Princeton, 1983).
3. L. de Broglie, Waves and quanta. Nature 112, 540 - 540 (1923).
4. Schrdinger, E. An undulatory theory of the mechanics of atoms and molecules. Phys.
Rev. 28, 1049-1070 (1926