390

IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, Vol. 9, No. 2, June 1994

ANALYSIS OF SELF EXCITED INDUCTION GENERATOR
FEEDING INDUCTION MOTOR
L. Shridhar, Student Member, Bhim Singh, C. S. Jha and B.P. Singh, SM
Department of Electrical Engineering, IIT Delhi, Hauz Khas
New Delhi 110 016, FAX 91-11-6862037, INDIA
Abstract The paper is motivated to assess the 2. INTRODUCTION
suitability of a self excited induction generator
(SEIG) t o supply dynamic loads like induction Self Excited Induction Generators (SEIGs) are
motors. An algorithm is proposed to Predict the increasingly being considered for autonomous
steady state performance of an SEIG feeding an
results are presented for different operating powered systems The lower unit
conditions of an SEIG-IM system. A good agreement brushless cage rotor construction, absence of a
reached between the predicted and test results separate dc source, better transient performance
validate the effectiveness of the proposed and inherent overload protection are its main
algorithm. advantages over the conventional alternators.
It is well known that if an appropriate
Experimentally recorded transients of an SEIG
during a Series Of switching Operations are capacitor bank is connected across an externally
presented to demonstrate the ability of an SEIG to
driven induction machine, an EMF is induced in the
sustain the starting of an IM.
By analyzing the performance of a typical 7.5 machine windings due to the excitation provided by
kW, 3 -phase SEIG feeding induction motors of the Capacitor. The induced voltage and current
different ratings, useful guidelines are proposed would continue to rise, until the var supplied by
for the design of an SEIG-IM system in aUto"mus the capacitor is balanced by the var demanded by
applications like agricultural pumpsets. the machine. This results in an equilibrium state
being reached and the machine now operates as an
value of the capacitor, speed of the prime mover,
parameters of the machine and the load [1,2].
A majority of system loads is dynamic in
nature, varying both in quantity and quality.
Contribution of induction motors(1Ms) to such loads
is significant. A review of the available
literature reveals that although a lot of work has
been reported on the SEIG feeding static loads,
prediction of its behavior while feeding an IM
remains to be properly explored. Behavior of the
SEIG feeding an induction motor is of interest not
only from the operational point of view but also
from the view point of assessing its suitability to
feed such loads. Further, it will be desirable to
study the ability of the SEIG t o withstand
switching of dynamic loads, such as, starting of
Prediction of operating frequency, F and
respective generator quantities, except, the output
power of the motor and the system var for which the saturation level (and hence the value of
rated motor Power and generator power, magnetizing reactance, Xm) of an SEIG is the first
step in its analysis. For an SEIG feeding a static
respectively, are taken as base quantities.
RL load, various techniques are available t o
93 SM 453-1 EC
estimate values of these two unknowns (F and Xm)
by the IEEE Electric Machinery Committee of the
[ 3, 4, 6- 91.
IEEE Power Engineering Society for presentation When an IM is fed from an SEIG, apart from Xm
and F; slip and saturation level of the motor are
Canada, July 18-22, 1993. Manuscript submitted Aug.
28, 1992; made available for printing 12, 1993.
unknowns to be evaluated before its performance can
be determined. The identification of these four
PRINTED IN USA parameters becomes complicated, as the methods used
with an SEIG feeding static loads are not directly
applicable to an SEIG-IM systems. Thus, to predict
performance of an SEIG-IM system for a given
operating condition, it is necessary to develop a
suitable analytical technique.
This paper is addressed to the analysis of the
SEIG feeding power to an induction motor. An
algorithm is proposed to predict the performance of
an SEIG-IM system. The predicted and experimental
results are presented for different operating
conditions. The selection of capacitor for the
starting of the motor is discussed and experimental
results are presented for a sequence of the IM
switchings on an SEIG. The study is extended to
cover a range of standard motors to confirm the
general trend. Based on the analysis, useful
guidelines are provided for designing an autonomous
SEIG-IM system for applications like an
agricultural pumping system.
induction (IM). The computed and experimental applications in micro-hydro. biogas and wind
Keywords: Autonomous Power Generation, Induction SEIG at a voltage and frequency decided by the
Generator, Capacitor Self Excitation, Analysis
1. NOMENCLATURE
Main Symbols: Subscripts:
c capacitance/phase c capacitive
F p.u. frequency g air gap
I p.u. current 1 leakage
P p.u. power L load
R p.u. resistance out output
s slip of the motor r rotor
v p.u. voltage s stator
X p.u. reactance M motor
z p. U. impedance
~ l l p . u . quantities are at the base of induction motors.
p.u. speed t terminal
A paper recommended and approved
at the IEEEIPES 1993 "=r Meeting, Vancouver, B.C.,
also unknown. The SEIG-IM system thus has four
0885-8969/94/$04.00 0 1993 IEEE
39 1
and are obtai ned by si mpl i f yi ng equati on ( 3) [ 4) .
Now t he perf ormance of t he SEIG can be obtai ned as
f ol l ows :
3. THEORY
H er e, at f i r s t t he techni que [ 3, 4] used f or
t he anal ysi s of an SEIG f eedi ng a stati c RL l oad i s
br i ef l y di scussed; whi ch i s t hen extended t o
devel op an al gor i t hm f or anal yzi ng an SEI G-I M
system.
3.1 Static RL Load
The steady state response of an SEIG feedi ng a
stati c RL l oad can be predi cted f or any pri me mover
speed, capaci tance and l oad condi ti ons from the
equi val ent c i r c ui t of F i gur e l ( a) , i f al l i ts
par ameter s are known. Onl y t he magneti zi ng
r eact ance, i s assumed t o be af f ect ed by t he
magneti c sat ur at i on, and al l ot her equi val ent
ci r cui t parameters of t he machi ne are assumed to be
constant. I t can be noted t hat al l parameters
except X,, are known ei t her from experi mentati on
or desi gn. However, t he var i ati on of X, wi th V / F
(a measure of magneti c f l ux l evel ) , i s avai l agl e
[3]. Further, t he generated f requency i s al so
unknown. Esti mati on of X, and F i s a speci al
probl em i n t he anal ysi s of an SEIG system.
I I I 1
f
1. Val ues of X, and F can be obtai ned by sol vi ng
t he si mul taneous equati ons ( 4) and ( 5) , usi ng a
sui t abl e numeri cal techni que.
2. A f ter obtai ni ng X, and F, V can be computed
from t he magneti zati on chara%teri sti cs of t he
machi ne.
Vg , i s known, t he requi red perf ormance can
be determi ned usi ng t he standard equati ons 141.
3. Once
3.2 Induction Motor Load
Fi gure l ( b) shows the equi val ent ci rcui t of an
SEIG-IM system. Here, X,, F, Xm and s are the
f our unknowns. The methodology di scussed above f or
the stati c RL load gi ves two equati ons (4) and (5),
whi ch are sol vabl e f or onl y two unknowns. The
f ol l owi ng al gori thm i s proposed t o i denti f y X,, F,
XMm and s and then pr edi ct t he perf ormance of t he
SEIG-IM system.
1. Assume nomi nal val ues of Vt and F.
2. For a gi ven power output of t he motor, obtai n
XMm and 8 ,
3. Once XMm and s are known, t he equi val ent ci r cui t
of t he IM i s reduced to an equi val ent RL l oad
( Fi gure l ( c ) ) .
4. Now t he equi val ent ci r cui t of Fi gure l ( b) i s
transf ormed i nt o t hat of Fi gure l ( a) and i s now
sol ved f or X, and F usi ng t he method descri bed
f or t he stati c l oad.
5. Obtai n t he correspondi ng val ue of Vg and then
cal cul ate V,
(Appendi x - I ).
r
6. Go to Step 2 wi th updated val ues of Vt and Fi
and r epeat, unt i l errors i n Vt and F duri ng t w o
successi ve i t er at i on are l ess t han a smal l
quanti ty ( say, e = 1.OE-04).
Fig l (a) Equivalent circuit of SEIG f eedi w
RL bad
3.1.1 Estimation of Xm and F
Appl yi ng K i rchof f 's vol tage law to the l oop
current I,, we obtai n
= o
Is zs
where Zs is l oop impedance and
zs = z1 + z2 + z3
z1 = zr Zml ( Zr + Zm)
Zr = {Rr/(F-Y ) +j X l r>
2, = jx, Rm/(R, + jx,)
Z2 = Rs + j X l s
Z3 = ZL Zc/ ( zL + zc)
I I I I
SEIG IM
Fig l (b) Equivalent circuit of SEIG feeding Induction Motor
Si nce under st eady state oper at i on of t he
SEI G, Is can not be equal to zero, RMS ixMIS ' "Mlr
2, = 0
Equati ng, the real and i magi nary parts of (3)
to zero, the fol l owi ng t wo nonl i near equati ons wi th
IM
unknowns X, and F are obtai ned.
f(X,,,,F)
= (A1 X, + A2)F6 + (A3 X, +A4)F5 + Fig Hc) Cooversion of Induction Motor circuit into equivalent RL element,
( As Xm + A6)F4 + (A7 X, + A8)F3 +
( A9 Xm + A10)F2 + (A 11 Xm +AlZ)F +
A13 Xm + A14 = 0
(4)
Fi gure l ( d) shows t he f l ow char t of t he
al gor i thm. I n summary, f or a gi ven oper at i ng
= (B1 X, + B2)F5 + (B3 X, + B4)F4 + condi t i on, dur i ng each i t er at i on t he al gor i t hm
(B5 X, , , + B6)F3 + (B7 X, + B8)F2 + r epl aces t he I M l oad by an equi val ent RL l oad and
(Bg Xm + Blo)F + Bll X, + B12 = 0 (5) sol ves f o r t h i s RL l oad. The i t er at i ons are
conti nued wi th updati ng of r el evant quanti ti es till
The coefficients - and B~ - B~~ in the t he convergence i s obtai ned. The al gori thm was
above equations are functi ons of machi ne appl i ed t o var i ous tr i al s and convergence w as
parameters, l oad i mpedance, capaci tance and speed; achieved in 3-5
I (XmtF)
392
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This section is divided into two sub sections.
1. Steady-state operation of an S E I G- I M system,
2. Starting of an I M on an S E I G .
4.1 Steady-State Operation
To check the validity of the proposed
algorithm, extensive experiments were carried out
on an S E I G- I M test rig, schematically shown in
Figure 2. A standard 3-Phase squirrel cage
induction motor of 10 hp (7.5 kW), 4 pole, 415 V I
14 A , delta connected stator with p.u. circuit
parameters R, =0.0493, Rr=0.0409, Xis= Xlr =
0.1013, Rm = 22.1 and unsaturated Xm = 2.15; is
operated as an S E I G . The S E I G was driven by a 10 kW
dc motor. The induction motors ( I M s ) were
electrically loaded by coupling them to separately
excited dc generators of appropriate rating.
Following tests were performed on the system using
suitable instrumentation.
1. The S E I G was driven at a fixed speed. For a
fixed value of capacitor C, the performance was
monitored for different loads on the induction
motor.
2. Test described in 1 was repeated for different
values of C to estimate the most appropriate
value.
3. Tests mentioned in 1 and 2 were repeated for
different constant speeds of the prime mover.
4. Tests described in 1 - 3 are repeated for motors
of different frame sizes.
Detailed characteristics are presented for a
5hp induction motor and the same is considered for
an elaborate discussion. However, a set of
characteristics is presented for a series of
standard motors.
Cal cul at e
Hotor Slip
Obtain
AL and X,
I
I
-
Cal cul at e Update
X, and F
U+, and F
Cal cul at e
Ut
M
Perf ormm
t
Fig l ( d ) Flow Chart of the Algorithm for analysis of SEIG-IM system
CAPACITOR . !
BANK
Fig 2 Block diagram of the SEIG-IM test rig
4.1.1 Load Characteristics
Fig. 3(a) shows variations of terminal voltage
and operating frequency with output power of the
generator for different values of capacitors. It
is seen that it is possible to load the motor up to
its rated power on an S EI G of double rating. A
larger capacitor results in enhanced power
capability of the S E I G . However, the effect of
frequency
0.2
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.8
p out (P.U )
Fig.3(a) Variation of Voltage and Frequency with Power Output
393
capaci tor var i ati on on t he f requency is margi nal .
I t i s observed from Fi gure 3( b) t hat over t hi s
range of l oadi ng, t he generator wi ndi ng cur r ent
remai ns w e l l wi thi n t he r ated val ue (1. 0 P.u.).
Consi deri ng a maximum permi ssi bl e operati ng vol tage
Vmax = 1. 10 P. u. , f or a capaci t ance of 50
PFl phase, t he r ated l oad on t he motor corresponds
to 0.43 p.u. l oad on t he generator. Further, a
good agreement i s noti ced between t he test and
pr edi cted r esul t s, shown by poi nts and conti nuous
l i nes, r especti vel y. Fi gure 3( c) shows var i ati ons
i n var and capaci tance requi rement of t he SEIG-IM
system wi th l oad i n order t o mai ntai n t he termi nal
vol tage at 1.0 P.u..
The f i gur e al so shows t he var i ati on i n power -
f act or of t he l oad (I M) wi th t he power output. I t
may be noted t h at t he pat t er n of var i ous
char act er i st i cs of t he SEIG wi th an IM l oad i s
si mi l ar to t hat wi th a stati c RL l oad. However, t he
i nherent dynami sm i n t he I M r esul t s i n an i mproved
power f act or wi th Pout. T hi s i s t he reason why t he
SEIG wi th an I M l oad has hi gher power capabi l i ty
and i mproved vol tage r egul ati on than whi l e l oaded
wi th a stati c RL l oad of a power f actor even as
good as 0.8; as shown i n Fi gure 3( d) . The var i ati on
of t he motor speed, n wi th l oad i s al so shown i n
t he f i gur e.
I ' A//
-
0.6
- 0.4
- Is
~ CWt
-0.2
0.2
0 ' "
l o
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.6 OB
P (P.U.)
Fig 3(b) Variation of Qen er ag Current and Motor Output Power
with Output Power of Generator
VAR and PF (p. u.) c (
v, - 1.0
I 2 O
I o
0 02 0.4 0.8 0.8 1 12
(P.U.)
Fig 3(c) Variation of IM Pt%r Factor, System var and Capacitance
demand with Power Output
- I - -
1.2
0.8
PF - LO
C * 32.6pF C 32S)LF- 600
PF-0.8
0.8
OA t i 300
0.2 ' ' l o
0 0.1 02 0.3 0.4 0.6 0.6
Po , (P.U.)
Fig 3(d) Characteristics o! SEIG for static and dynamic loads
4.1.2 Motors of Di f f erent Frame Si zes
I n order t o pr ovi de a gener al basi s of
i nf or mat i on, f our t y pi c al motor s of di f f er ent
r at i ngs ( A ppendi x- I I ) , are chosen f o r
i nvesti gati on.
Fi g. 4( a) shows l oad char acter i sti cs of t he
SEIG wi th motors of di f f er ent r ati ngs operated from
no l oad to r especti ve r ated l oad condi ti ons. I t i s
seen t h at usi ng a si ngl e val ued capaci t or and
wi thout vi ol ati ng t he vol tage and cur r ent l evel s
(1.10 p.u. and 1.0 p. u. , respecti vel y) , t he SEIG can
suppl y an I M r ated upto 5 hp. Thi s means t hat
usi ng a si ngl e val ued capaci tor bank t he SEIG can
saf el y f eed an I M l oad of hal f i ts r ati ng.
To i mprove t he vol tage r egul ati on of t he SEIG
var i ous types of vol tage r egul ator s are bei ng
empl oyed [l o- 121, whi ch contr ol t he var suppl i ed to
t he system wi th t he change i n l oad. Fi gure 4( b)
shows t he var i ati on of capaci tance to be ef f ected
wi th t he l oad i n or der t o mai ntai n t he termi nal
vol tage at 1.0 p. u- f or f our di f f er ent motors.
Usi ng such a r egul ator it i s seen t hat now t he same
SEIG can saf el y suppl y an I M of 7.5 hp (75% r ati ng
of t he SEI G). However, f or 10 hp i nducti on motor
l oad i t i s seen t hat t he generator wi ndi ng cur r ent
exceeds i ts r ated val ue.
vt (P.U.) I. (P.U.)
1.4 I I S
Current
OB t
7.6 hp
0.2
0 0.1 02 0.3 0.4p0.6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.0 1 I1
M~ u t (P.u.)
Fin 4(a) Characteristic8 of SEI0 for Induction Motor load of
different ratings
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0 6 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.0 1 1.1
YAW! (P.U.)
Fie.4(b) Capacitance requwement and generator current for
Induction Motor load of different ratings
4.1.3 Ef f ect of Pri me Mover Speed
So f ar the study i s ref erred to a constant
speed system. SEIGs are al so bei ng proposed f or
v ar i abl e speed Wi nd Energy Conver si on System
(WECS). I t ther ef or e becomes r el evant to exami ne
t he ef f ect of varyi ng pri me mover speed. Fi g. 5( a)
shows var i ati on of Vt f or di f f er ent speeds f or a 5
hp I M l oad. Fi g. 5( b) shows var i ati on of t he
capaci tance r equi r ed to obtai n a nomi nal vol tage at
di f f er ent speeds. A t hi gher pri me mover speeds, a
l ar ger vol tage i s generated and power capabi l i ty of
t he SEI G i s enhanced. F ur t her , t he vol t age
r egul ator requi red to mai ntai n t he r ated termi nal
vol tage wi th l oad i n a var i abl e speed system shoul d
f ol l ow t he char act er i st i cs shown i n Fi gure S( b) .
Hence, a substanti al ef f ect of speed i s noti ced on
t he perf ormance of t he SEIG-IM system. Agai n, a
cl ose cor r el ati on i s seen between t he computed and
test r esul t s.
394
\ V. l . 06 ]
0.8
-1
\.
y t 0.86
0.8 I
0.4
0 0.2 0.4 0.0 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.8
kcul (P.U)
Fig 5(a) Effect of Prime Mover Sb ed on Terminal Voltage
c ()v)
vt - 1.0 p.u. y; 1.06
TO
-$- 0.96
40
90 IIIIIIIIIIIIII
0 0.1 02 0.9 0.4 O b 0.0 0.7 0.8 0.Q 1 1.1 12
%,,ut (P.U.)
Fig 5(b) Effect Prime Mover Speed on Capacitance requirement
4. 2 Starting of an Induction Motor on an SEIG
Having studied the steady state operation of
the SEIG-IM system, it becomes desirable to look
into starting of an IM on an SEIG.
It is found that to start a 5 hp motor on a
7.5 KW SEIG, a much larger capacitance (107 PF) is
required as compared to the capacitance (50 PF)
required for the steady-state operation. .This
value of capacitance can be obtained by using the
already proposed algorithm with a slight
modification. Here, the equivalent circuit of the
motor in Figure l(c), will now correspond to s = 1
(i.e. block rotor condition). Thus, this block
rotor equivalent circuit of motor can be converted
into an equivalent RL load. Now for this load, the
minimum capacitance required for ensuring self
excitation can be calculated ( 5 1 .
It is also noticed that for very small motors
(112 hp and 1 hp), the capacitance required for the
steady state operation is also sufficient for the
starting.
To test effectiveness of the algorithm in
choosing the value of capacitance to satisfactorily
start the induction motor on the SEIG, various
switching operations were performed. Measurements
were taken of the terminal voltage, the generator
stator current and the load current. An X-Y
recorder interfaced to a CRO was used to reproduce
the switching transients, which are shown in
Figure 6. These figures correspond t o the
following sequence of operation.
i
ii
Self Excitation: The SEIG was driven at the
synchronous speed and a delta connected
capacitor bank of 50 pF/phase was switched on
to the terminals of the machine. 50 pF/phase
capacitance corresponds to the steady-state
requirements of the 5 hp IM.
Motor Starting: Once the machine reached the
steady-state self-excited condition, the 5 hp
IM along with a delta connected capacitor bank
(57 )cF/phase) was switched on to the terminals
of the machine.
As the induction motor picked up speed and the
system assumed its steady-state, the 5 7
kF/phase capacitor bank was taken off.
iii
iv
Switching-in of Additional Motor: As the SEIG-
IM system got stabilized, an additional 1 hp
motor was switched on to the system. This was
done to simulate a multi-motor system.
Load Rejection: As the SEIG-IMs system settled
to the new steady state condition, both motors
were simultaneously taken off leaving the SEIG
operating with only 50 pllphase capacitor bank
connected across its terminals.
Since a 2-channel CRO was used, it was
possible to record only two signals at a time.
Hence, every switching action was performed twice,
due to which the switching instants in Figure 6(c)
are not properly synchronized with those of Figures
6(a) and 6(b).
It is observed that during various switching
operations, the SEIG assumes the new steady state
operating condition without loosing self-
excitation. Further, the current and the voltage
overshoots are found to be within the tolerable
limits. These observations thus demonstrate the
effectiveness of the algorithm in calculating the
value of starting capacitor and also the ability of
the SEIG to sustain IM switchings.
It may be noted that the prediction of the
value of starting capacitor is based on the steady
- state analysis. For a detailed study of the
switching operation, transient analysis should be
done, which is beyond the scope of the present
paper. The various switching results shown are
mainly aimed at assessing suitability of the
SEIG-IM system in lower ratings, where direct on
line (DOL) switching is used. In higher ratings
where soft switching of motors is desired, the
starting capacitor may not be required.
The authors have been engaged to develop an
SEIG-IM system for low power agricultural pumping
application using micro-hydel and wind energy in
lower ratings (up to 50 kW). The proposed analysis
thus suggests feasibility of an SEIG-IM system
having two sets of capacitor banks. One is
continuously rated for the running operation, while
the other is short time rated for starting of the
IM. The latter is to be removed once the IM picks
up speed. The values of these capacitors can be
obtained from the proposed analysis as discussed
before. The steady state analysis gives the value
of the starting capacitor that can satisfactorily
start the motor. In applications where the
induction motor rating is much lower than that of
the generator, the system can do away with the
requirement of starting capacitor. Although,
transient analysis is not carried out in the paper,
the experimented results demonstrate the
feasibility of the system to withstand the
switching transients as severe as that due to the
starting of induction motors.
5 . CONCLUSION
Detailed analysis of the SEIG feeding power to
a dynamic load (induction motor) is presented.
An algorithm is proposed for the prediction of
steady state performance of the SEIG-IM system.
Theoretical results are presented for a variety of
operating conditions along with the experimental
ones; and a close agreement has been observed
between the two. Salient observations with regard
to the IM load have been extensively discussed.
The steady state analysis is extended to determine
the value of capacitor required for the starting of
an induction motor. Various experimental results
are presented for a sequence of switching
operations. Based on the analysis, the suitability
of the SEIG for dynamic loads has been illustrated.
Design of an SEIG-IM system for low power pumping
system has been proposed. Effect of speed
395
I
t - l . O
1 ii
i i i
Fig. 6 Switching transients of SEIG-IM system
variation on the performance of the SEIG-IM system
has been briefly discussed.
to cover a range of standard
seem to confirm the general
Followings are the main
investigation.
The study is extended
motors and the results
trend presented here.
observations of the
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Using a single valued capacitor bank (i.e.
without a voltage regulator), an SEIG can safely
supply an Induction motor rated upto 50% of its
own rating.
Using a voltage regulator that maintains the
rated terminal voltage, an SEIG can safely feed
an induction motor rated upto 75% of its rating.
The SEIG can sustain the starting transients of
the IM without losing self excitation.
The proposed algorithm is effective not only in
predicting the performance of an SEIG-IM system
but also in calculating the value of capacitance
required for the starting of the motor.
It is possible to design an SEIG-IM system using
two sets of capacitor banks (for starting and
running), for low power agricultural pumping
System, with ratings of the SEIG and the IM
being in a ratio of 2:l.
[41
[51
iv
N. H. Malik and S. E. Haque, "steady State
analysis and performance of an +,solated
self excited induction generator , IEEE
Trans. on Energy Conversion, vol. EC-1,
no.3, pp.133-139, September 1986;
N. H. Malik and A.A. Mazi, Capacitance
requirements for isolated self excited
generators", ibid, vol. EC-2, no. 1, pp. 62-69
March 1987.
Y. Uctug and M Demirelker, " M o ~ e l l i n g ,
analysis and control of wind turbine , Proc.
C. Grantham, D. Sutanto and B. Mismail,
"Steady state and Transien:, Analysis of Self
Excited Induction Generator ,ibid. pt B, vol.
S. P. Singh, Bhim Sinqh and M. P. Jain,
"Performance characteristics and optimum
utilization of a cage machine as capacitor
excited induction generator", paper no. 90
SM 284-0 EC, presented at the IEEE/PES 1990
Summer Meeting, Minnesota,l990.
requirement for Isolated Self Excited
Induction Generator" Proc. IEE, pt B, vol.
137, pp. 155-160, 199b
D. U. Novotny, D. J. Gritter and G. H.
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396
APPENDIX - I
Algorithm for obtaining operating XMm and s
1. Read motor parameters, magnetization
characteristic (variation of XMm with V IF and
g
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
XMmo (no load value).
'Mout '
Set XMm =
Calculate s for the given PMout.[131
For this s,
Obtain Xm corresponding to VM
Update Xm and repeat from jtep 3
unless difference in Xu, between two
find VMg = Vt - Is 54s
to Step 5
successive
iteration is less tha;;" a small quantity (say
1.OE-03) .
APPENDIX -11
Details of Induction Motors at 50 Hz
IEC Power volt Current stator r/min
Frame hP1kW V A Winding
80 110.75 415 1.7 Star 2800
l0OL 312.2 415 4.9 Delta 1410
ll2M 5j3.7 415 7.6 Delta 1430
132s 7.515.5 415 11 Delta 1450
132M 1017.5 415 14 Delta 1450
BIOQRAPHY
- L. Shridhar (Student Member) was born in
Bhilainagar, MP (India) in 1966. He received his
B.E. degree from Maulana Azad College of
Technology Bhopal, and the M.Tech degree from
Institute bf Technology -8anaras Hindu University,
Varanasi.
He joined the department of electrical
engineerin Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi
in July 1986 and is presently, a full time research
scholar with the department working, towards his
Ph.D. degree. His areas of interest are computer
based analysis and design of electrical machines
and their efficient energy conversion and
application in non-conventional power plants.
-- br. Bhim Sinah, was born at Rahamapur in U.P. in
1956. He received his B.E. degree from Roorkee
University, and M.Tech and Ph.D. degree from IIT-
Delhi in 1977, 1979 and 1983 respectively.
From 1983 to 1990 he was with the department of
electrical engineering, University of Roorkee. At
present he is Assistant Professor at IIT Delhi.
He has over 80 papers to his credits in the field
of CAD, Power Electronics and Analysis and Control
of Electrical Machines.
Prof. C. S Jha, was born at Vijainagar in Bihar
(India) in 1934 and educated at Patna University,
IISc, Bangalore, Heriot Watt College, Edinberg
(U.K.), and Bristol University ( U . K . ) . Has been a
Professor of Electrical Engineering at IIT Delhi
since 1964.
He has made significant contributions in electrical
machine theory and application and published a
large number of papers. He has been involved in the
planning and administration of technical education
in India since the early 1970s. He was Director of
the prestigious IIT at Kharagpur (1974-78), was
Educational Advisor to the Government of India on
technical education planning and has been active in
curriculum planning and development of engineering
education in India. He has been Visiting Professor
at many universities in the West, a member of the
board of Trustees of Asia Institute of Technology,
Bangkok (1974-86) and is a member of UNESCO
international meeting group on continuing education
of engineers since 1975.
At present, he is the Vice Chancellor of the
Banaras Hindu University at Varanasi.
-- Prof. B.P. Sinah was born in Singhiya, in 1940. He
received his B.Sc. (Engg.) degree in 1963 from
BITS, Sindri, ME in Electrical Engg. in 1966 from
Calcutta University and PhD in 1974 from IIT Delhi.
He was a Senior Fellow at BE College, Howrah (1963-
1966) and after serving MIT Muzaffarpur as a
faculty member for over a decade (1966-78), he
joined IIT Delhi in 1978, where he is a Professor
with the Dept. of Electrical Engg. He was a
visiting Professor at California State University,
Long Beach during 1988 to 1990.
His research interests are in design, analysis and
control of electrical machines.