Circul and Conic Section

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MATHEMATICS
BY
Attri D.
****** Mathematics by Attri. D. ****** Mob : 9315820788******
0
nzks.kkpk;Z nzks.kkpk;Z Academy and Resonant Classes Academy and Resonant Classes
CIRCLE AND CONIC SECTION
1
nzks.kkpk;Z Academy Resonant
Classes
S.C. F. 57, Sector 7 S.C.O. 53, Sector 17
Kurukshetra Kurukshetra
CIRCLE AND CONIC SECTION
11.1 Overview
11.1.1 Sections of a cone Let l be a fixed vertical line and m be another line
intersecting it at a fixed point V and inclined to it at an angle (fig.).
Suppose we rotate the line m around the line l in such a way that the angle
remains constant. Then the surface generated is a double-napped right circular
hollow cone herein after referred as cone and extending indefinitely in both
directions (ig. !!.").
The point V is called the vertex# the line l is the l axis of the cone. The
rotating line m is called a generator of the cone. The generator vertex separates
the cone into two parts called nappes.
2
&
$f we ta%e the intersection of a plane with a cone& the section so obtained is
called a conic section. Thus& conic sections are the curves obtained by intersecting
a right circular cone by a plane.
'e obtain different %inds of conic sections depending on the position of the
intersecting plane with respect to the cone and the angle made by it with the
vertical axis of the cone. Let be the angle made by the intersecting plane with the
vertical axis of the cone (ig.!!.().
The intersection of the plane with the cone can ta%e place either at the
vertex of the cone or at any other part of the nappe either below or above the
vertex. 'hen the plane cuts the nappe (other than the vertex) of the cone& we have
the following situations)
(a) 'hen * +, o & the section is a circle
(b) 'hen - - +,
,
& the section is an ellipse.
(c) 'hen * # the section is a parabola. ($n each of the above three
situations& the plane cuts entirely across one nappe of the cone).
(d) 'hen , - # the plane cuts through both the nappes and the
curves of intersection is a hyperbola.
$ndeed these curves are important tools for present day exploration of outer
space and also for research into the behaviour of atomic particles. 'e ta%e conic
sections as plane curves. or this purpose& it is convenient to use e.uivalent
definition that refer only to the plane in which the curve lies& and refer to special
points and lines in this plane called foci and directrices. /ccording to this
approach& parabola& ellipse and hyperbola are defined in terms of a fixed point
(called focus) and fixed line (called directrix) in the plane.
$f S is the focus and l is the directrix& then the set of all points in the plane
whose l distance from S bears a constant ratio e called eccentricity to their
distance from l is a l conic section.
/s special case of ellipse& we obtain circle for which e * , and hence we
study it differently.
!!.!." 0ircle / circle is the set of all points in a plane which are at a fixed
distance from a fixed point in the plane. The fixed point is called the centre of the
circle and the distance from centre to any point on the circle is called the radius of
the circle.
The e.uation of a circle with radius r having centre (h& %) is given by (x 1 h)
"
2
(y 1 %)
"
* r
"
The general e.uation of the circle is given by x
"
2 y
"
"gx 2 (fy 2 c *
,& where g& f and c are constants.
(a) The centre of this circle is (1g& 1f)
3
(b) The radius of the circle is c f g +
2 2
.
The general e.uation of the circle passing through the origin is given by
x
"
2 y
"
2 "gx 2 "fy * ,.
3eneral e.uation of second degree i.e.&
ax
"
2 "hxy 2 by
"
2 "gx 2 "fy 2 c * , represent
a circle if
(i) the coefficient of x
"
e.uals the coefficient of
y
"
& i.e.& a * b 4 , and
(ii) the coefficient of xy is 5ero& i.e.& h * ,.
The parametric e.uations of the circle x
"
2 y
"
* r
"
are given by x * r cos& y * r sin where 4 is the
parameter and the parametric e.uations of the
circle (x 1 h)
"
2 (y 1 %)
"
* r
"
are given by
x 1 h * r cos & y 1 % * r sin
6r x * h 2 r cos & y * % 2 r sin
7ote) The general e.uation of the circle involves three constants which implies
that at least three conditions are re.uired to determine a circle uni.uely.
11.1.3 Parabola
/ parabola is the set of points 8 whose distances from a
fixed point in the plane are e.ual to their distances from
a fixed line ! in the plane. The fixed point is called focus
and the fixed line ! the directrix of the parabola.
Standard equations of parabola
The four possible forms of parabola are shown below in ig. !!.9 (a) to (d)
The latus rectum of a parabola is a line segment perpendicular to the axis of the
parabola& through the focus and whose end points lie on the parabola (ig. !!.9).
4
Focal distance of a point
Let the e.uation of the parabola be y
"
* :ax and 8(x& y) be a point on it. Then the
distance of 8 from the focus (a& ,) is called the focal distance of the point& i.e.&
11.1.4 Ellipse
/n ellipse is the set of points in a plane& the sum of whose distances from
two fixd points is constant. /lternatively& an ellipse is the set of all points in the
plane whose distances from a fixed point in the plane bears a constant ratio& less
than& to their distance from a fixed line in the plane. The fixed point is called
focus& the fixed line a directrix and the constant ratio (e) the centricity of the
ellipse. 'e have two standard forms of the ellipse& i.e.&
$n (i) ma;or axis is along x-axis and minor along y-axis and in (ii) ma;or axis is
along y-axis and minor along x-axis as shown in ig. !!.< (a) and (b) respectively.
5
orms of the ellipse
1
2
2
2
2
= +
b
y
a
x
1
2
2
2
2
= +
a
y
b
x
a = b a = b
>.uation of manor axis y * , x * ,
Length of ma;or axis "a "a
>.uation of ?inor axis x * , y * ,
Length of ?inor axis "b "b
directrices
x *
e
a
y *
e
a
>.uation of latus
rectum
x * ae y * ae
Length of latus rectum
a
b
2
2
a
b
2
2
0entre (,& ,) (,& ,)
6
Type 1 !"E#T $%EST&O!S'
E(E#"&SE 11.1
>.!. ind an e.uation of the circle with centre at (,& ,) and radius r.
>.". ind the e.uation of the circle with centre (1(&") and radius :.
>.(. ind the centre and the radius of the circle x
"
2y
"
2<x2!,y1<*,.
>.:. ind the e.uation of the circle which passes through the points ("& 1")& and
((&:) and whose centre lies on the line x 2 y * ".
&n eac) of t)e followin* E+ercises 1 to ,- find t)e equation of t)e circle wit)
!. 0entre (,&") and radius "
". 0entre (1"&() and radius :
(. centre
4
1
,
2
1
and radius
12
1
:. centre (!&!) and radius 2
@. centre (1a& 1b) and radius
2 2
b a .
&n eac) of t)e followin* E+ercises . to /- find t)e centre and radius of t)e
circles.
A. (x 2 @)
"
2 (y 1 ()
"
* (A
9. x
"
2 y
"
1 :x 1 <y 1 :@ * ,
<. x
"
2 y
"
1 <x 2 !,y 1 !" *
+. "x
"
2 "y
"
1 x * ,
!,. ind the e.uation of the circle passing through the points (:&!) and (A&@)
and whose centre is on the line :x 2 y * !A.
!!. ind the e.uation of the circle passing through the points ("&() and (1!&!)
and whose centre is on the line x 1 (y 1 !! * ,.
!". ind the e.uation of the circle with radius @ whose centre lies on x-axis and
passes through the point ("&().
!(. ind the e.uation of the circle passing through (,&,) and ma%ing intercepts
a and b on the coordinate axes.
!:. ind the e.uation of a circle with centre ("&") and passes through the point
(:&@).
!@. Boes the point (1".@& (.@) lie inside& outside or on the circle x
"
2 y
"
* "@C
E(E#"&SE 11.0
>.@. ind the coordinates of the focus& axis& the e.uation of the directrix and latus rectum
of the parabola y
"
* <x.
>.A. ind the e.uation of the parabola with focus ("&,) and directrix x * 1"
>.9. ind the e.uation of the parabola with vertex at (,&,) and focus at (,&")
>.<. ind the e.uation of the parabola which is symmetric about the y-axis& and passes
through the point ("&1().
7
&n eac) of t)e followin* E+ercise 1 to .- find t)e coordinates of t)e focus- a+is of t)e
parabola- t)e equation of t)e directi+ and t)e len*t) of t)e latus rectu1.
!. y
"
* !"x
". x
"
* Ay
(. y
"
* 1 <x
:. x
"
* 1 !Ay
@. y
"
* !,x
A. x
"
* 1 +y
&n eac) of t)e E+ercises 2 to 10- find t)e equation of t)e parabola t)at satisfies
t)e *iven conditions3
9. ocus (A&,)# directrix x * 1 A
<. ocus (,&1()# directrix y * (
+. Vertex (,&,)# focus ((&,)
!,. Vertex (,&,)# focus (1"&,)
!!. Vertex (,&,) passing through ("&() and axis is along x-axis.
!". Vertex (,&,)& passing through (@&") and symmetric with respect to y-axis.
E+ercise 11.3
>.+. ind the coordinates of the foci& the vertices& the length of ma;or axis& the
minor axis& the eccentricity and the latus rectum of the ellipse 1
9 25
2 2
= +
y x
>.!,. ind the coordinates of the foxi& the vertices& the lengths of ma;or and minor
axes and the eccentricity of the ellipse +x
"
2 :y
"
*(A.
>.!!. ind the e.uation of the ellipse whose vertices are ( !(& ,) and foci are (@&
,).
>.!". ind the e.uation of the ellipse& whose length of the ma;or axis is ", and
foci are (,& @).
>.!(. ind the e.uation of the ellipse& with ma;or axis along the x-axis and
passing through the points (:&() and (1!& :).
&n eac) of t)e E+ercises 1 to /- find t)e coordinates of t)e foci- t)e vertices- t)e
len*t) of 1a4or a+is- t)e 1inor a+is- t)e eccentricity and t)e len*t) of t)e latus
rectu1 of t)e ellipse.
!. 1
16 36
2 2
= +
y x
". 1
25 4
2 2
= +
y x
(. 1
9 16
2 2
= +
y x
:.
100 25
2 2
y x
+ @. 1
36 49
2 2
= +
y x
A. 1
400 100
2 2
= +
y x
9.
144 4 36
2 2
= + y x
<. !Ax
"
2 y
"
*!A +. :x
"
2 +y
"
* (A
&n eac) of t)e followin* E+ercises 15 to 05- find t)e equation for t)e ellipse t)at
satisfies t)e *iven conditions3
!,. Vertices (D @& ,)& foci (D :& ,)
!!. Vertices (,& D !()& foci (,& D @)
8
!". Vertices (D A& ,)& foci (D :& ,)
!(. >nds of ma;or axis (D (& ,)& ends of minor axis (,& D ")
!:. >nds of ma;or axis (,& D 5 )& ends of minor axis (D !& ,)
!@. Length of ma;or axis "A& foci (D @& ,)
!A. Length of minor axis !A& foci (,& D A).
!9. oci (D (& ,)& a * :
!<. b * (& c * :& centre at the origin# foci on a x axis.
!+. 0entre at (,&,)& ma;or axis on the y-axis and passes through the points ((& ")
and (!&A).
",. ?a;or axis on the x-axis and passes through the points (:&() and (A&").
E+ercise 11.4
>.!:. ind the coordinates of the foci and the vertices& the eccentricity& the length
of the latus rectum of the hyperbolas)
(i) 1
16 9
2 2
=
y x
& (ii) y
"
1 !Ax
"
*!
>.!@. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola with foci (,& () and vertices
2
11
, 0
.
>.!A. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola where foci and (,& !") and the length of
the latus rectum is (A.
&n eac) of t)e E+ercises 1 to .- find t)e coordinates of t)e foci and t)e vertices-
t)e eccentricity and t)e len*t) of t)e latus rectu1 of t)e )yperbolas .
!. 1
9 16
2 2
=
y x
". 1
27 9
2 2
=
x y
(. +y
"
1 :x
"
* (A
:. !Ax
"
1 +y
"
* @9A @. @y
"
1 +x
"
* (A
A. :+y
"
1!Ax
"
* 9<:
&n eac) of t)e E+ercises 2 to 1,- find t)e equations of t)e )yperbola satisfyin*
t)e *iven conditions.
9. Vertices (D "& ,)& foci (D (& ,)
<. Vertices (,& D @)& foci (,& D <)
+. Vertices (,& D ()& foci (,& D @)
!,. oci (D @& ,)& the transverse axis is of length <.
!!. oci (,& D!()& the con;ugate axis is of length ":.
!". oci (D ( @ & ,)& the latus rectum is of length <.
!(. oci (D :& ,)& the latus rectum is of length !"
!:. vertices (D 9&,)&
3
4
= e
.
!@. oci (,& D 10 )& passing through ("&()
9
6&S"E778!EO%S E(E#"&SE
>.!9. The focus of a parabolic mirror as shown in
ig. is at a distance of @ cm from its vertex.
$f the mirror is :@ cm deep& find
>.!<. / beam is supported at its ends by supports which are !" metres apart. Since the
concentrated at its centre& there is a deflection of (cm at the centre and the deflected
beam is in the shape of a parabola. Eow far from the centre is the deflection ! cmC
>.!+. / rod /F of length !@ cm rests in between two coordinate axes in such a way that the
end point / lies on x-axis and end point F lies on y-axis. / point 8 (x&y) is ta%en on
the rod in such a way that /8 * A cm. Show that the locus of 8 is an ellipse.
!. $f a parabolic reflector is ", cm in diameter and @ cm deep& find the focus.
". /n arch is in the form of a parabola with its axis vertical. The arch is !, m
high and @ m wide at the base. Eow wide is it " m from the vertex of the
parabolaC
(. The cable of a uniformly loaded suspension bridge hangs in the form of a
parabola. The roadway which is hori5ontal and !,, m long is supported by
vertical wires attached to the cable& the longest wire being (, m and the
shortest being A m. ind the length of a supporting wire attached to the
roadway !< m from the middle.
:. /n arch is in the form of a semi-ellipse. $t is < m wide and " m high at the
centre. ind the height of the arch at a point !.@ m from one end.
@. / rod of length !" cm moves with its ends always touching the coordinate
axes. Betermine the e.uation of the locus of a point 8 on the rod& which is (
cm from the end in contact with the x-axis.
A. ind the area of the triangle formed by the lines ;oining the vertex of the
parabola x
"
* !"y to the ends of its latus rectum.
9. / man running a racecourse notes that the sum of the distances from the two
flag posts from him is always !, m and the distance between the flag posts is
< m. ind the e.uation of the posts traced by the man.
<. /n e.uilateral triangle is inscribed in the parabola y
"
* : ax& where one
vertex is at the vertex of the parabola. ind the length of the side of the
triangle.
10
Type && E+tra Practice $uestions'

!. ind the centre and radius of the circle x
"
2 y
"
1 "x 2 :y * <.
". $f the e.uation of the parabola is x
"
* 1 <y& find coordinates of the focus&
the e.uation of the directrix and length of latus rectum.
(. 3iven the ellipse with e.uation +x
"
2 "@y
"
* ""@& find the ma;or and minor
axes& eccentricity& foci and vertices.
:. ind the e.uation of the ellipse with foci at (4 @& ,) and x *
5
36
as one of
the directrices.
@. or the hyperbola +x
"
1 !Ay
"
* !::& find the vertices& foci and eccentricity.
A. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola with vertices at (,& D A) and e *
3
5
ind its foci.
9. ind the e.uation of the circle which passes through the points (",& ()& (!+&
<) and ("& 1+). ind its centre and radius.
<. /n e.uilateral triangle is inscribed in the parabola y
"
* :ax whose one
vertex is at the vertex of the parabola. ind the length of the side of the
triangle.
+. ind the e.uation of the ellipse which passes through the point (1(& !) and
has eccentricity
5
2
& with x-axis as its ma;or axis and centre at the origin.
!,. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola whose vertices are (D A& ,) and one of
the directrices is x * :.
!!. ind the e.uation of the circle which touches the both axes in first .uadrant
and whose radius is a.
!". Show that the point (x& y) given by x *
( )
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
t
t a
y and
t
at
+
=
+
lies on a circle
for all real values of t such that 1! t ! where a is any given real
numbers.
!(. $f a circle passes through the point (,& ,) ( a& ,)& (,& b) then find the
coordinates of its centre.
!:. ind the e.uation of the circle which touches x-axis and whose centre is (!&
").
!@. $f the lines (x 1 :y 2 : * , and Ax 1 <y 1 9 * , are tangents to a circle& then
find the radius of the circle.
G
!A. ind the e.uation of a circle which touches both the axes and the line ( x 1
:y 2 < * , and lies in the third .uadrant.
!9. $f one end of a diameter of the circle x
"
2 y
"
1 :x 1 Ay 2 !! * , is ((& :)&
then find the coordinate of the other end of the diameter.
11
!<. ind the e.uation of the circle having (!& 1") as its centre and passing
through (x 2 y * !:& "x 2 @y * !<.
!+. $f the line y * ( x 2 % touches the circle x
"
2 y
"
* !A& then find the value of
%.
",. ind the e.uation of a circle concentric with the circle
x
"
2 y
"
1 Ax 2 !"y 2 !@ * , and has double of its area.
"!. $f the latus rectum of an ellipse is e.ual to half of minor axis& then find its
eccentricity.
"". 3iven the ellipse with e.uation +x
"
2 "@y
"
* ""@& find the eccentricity and
foci.
"(. $f the eccentricity of an ellipse is
8
5
and the distance between its foci is !,&
then find latus rectum of the ellipse.
":. ind the e.uation of ellipse whose eccentricity is
3
2
& latus rectum is @ and
the centre is (,& ,).
"@. ind the distance between the directrices of the ellipse 1
20 36
2 2
= +
y x
.
"A. ind the coordinates of a point on the parabola y
"
* <x whose focal distance
is :.
"9. ind the length of the line-segment ;oining the vertex of the parabola
y
"
* :ax and a point on the parabola where the line-segment ma%es an angle
to the x axis.
"<. $f the points (,& :) and (,& ") are respectively the vertex and focus of a
parabola& then find the e.uation of the parabola.
"+. $f the line y * mx 2 ! is tangent to the parabola y
"
* :x then find the value
of m.
(,. $f the distance between the foci of a hyperbola is !A and its eccentricity is
2 & then obtain the e.uation of the hyperbola.
(!. ind the eccentricity of the hyperbola +y
"
1 :x
"
* (A.
(". ind the e.uation of the hyperbola with eccentricity
2
3
and foci at (D "& ,).
((. $f the lines "x 1 (y * @ and (x 1 :y * 9 are the diameters of a circle of area
!@: s.uare units& then obtain the e.uation of the circle.
(:. ind the e.uation of the circle which passes through the points ("& () and (:&
@) and the centre lies on the straight line y 1 :x 2 ( * ,.
(@. ind the e.uation of a circle whose centre is ((& 1!) and which cuts off a
chord of length A units on the line "x 1 @y 2 !< * ,.
(A. ind the e.uation of a circle of radius @ which is touching another circle x
"
2 y
"
1 "x 1 :y 1 ", * , at (@& @).
12
(9. ind the e.uation of a circle passing through the point (9& () having radius
( units and whose centre lies on the line y * x 1 !.
(<. ind the e.uation of each of the following parabolas
(a) Birectrix x * ,& focus at (A& ,)
(b) Vertex at (,& :)& focus at (,& ")
(c) ocus at (1!& 1")& directrix x 1 "y 2 ( * ,
(+. ind the e.uation of the set of all points the sum of whose distances from the
points ((& ,) and (+& ,) is !".
:,. ind the e.uation of the set of all points whose distance from (,& :) are
3
2
of their distance from the line y * +.
:!. Show that the set of all points such that the difference of their distances
from (:& ,) and (1 :& ,) is always e.ual to " represent a hyperbola.
:". ind the e.uation of the hyperbola with
(a) Vertices ( @&,)& foci ( 9& ,)
(b) Vertices (,& 9&)& e *
3
4
(c) oci (,& 10 )& passing through ("&().
:(. ind the e.uation of the ellipse satisfying the conditions )
(i) Vertices at (@& ,)& foci at (:&,)
(ii) Vertices at (,& !()& foci at (,& @)
(iii) Vertices at (,& !,)& e * :H@
(iv) oci at ("&,)& e * I
(v) oci at (,& :)& e * :H@
(vi) >nds of ma;or axis (,& 5 )& end of minor axis (!&,).
::. ind the e.uation of the ellipse satisfying the condition )
(i) /xes along coordinate axes& foci along x-axis and passing through
(:&() and (1!&:).
(ii) oci at ((&,) and passing through (:&!)
(iii) e * (H: & foci on y-axis& centre at origin& passing
through (A&:).
(iv) Length of minor axis !A& foci (,& A).
:@. / man running a race-course notes that the sum of the distances from the
two flag posts from him is always !, metres and the distance between the
flag post is < metres. ind the e.uation of the path traced by the man.
:A. /n arch is in the form of a semi-ellipse. $t is <m wide and "m high at the
centre. ind the height of the arch at a point !.@m from one end.
:9. / rod /F of length !@ cm rests in between two coordinate axes in such a way
that the end point / lies on x-axis and end point F lies on y-axis. / point 8
(x&y) is ta%en on the rod in such a way that /8 * A cm. Show that the locus
of 8 is an ellipse.
13
:<. ind the e.uation of the ellipse whose foci are (1"&() and ("&() and whose
semi minor axis is 5 .
:+. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola& whose focus& directrix and eccentricity
are respectively ((&,)& :x 1 (y * ( and @H:.
@,. ind the eccentricity& vertices& foci& directrix& transverse axis& con;ugate
axis and latus rectum of the hyperbola )
(i) 1
25 9
2 2
=
y x
(ii) 1
9 16
2 2
=
y x
(iii) 1
27 9
2 2
=
x y
(iv) 1
16 25
2 2
=
x y
@!. ind the lengths of the transverse axis& con;ugate axis& eccentricity& vertices&
foci and directrices of the hyperbola +x
"
1 !Ay
"
* !::.
@". ind the coordinates of the vertices& foci& eccentricity and the e.uation of
the directrices of the hyperbola !Ay
"
1 :x
"
* !.
@(. ind the eccentricity of the hyperbola with foci on the x-axis if the length of
its con;ugate axis is ((H:) of the length of its transverse axis.
@:. ind the e.uation of a hyperbola in the standard e.uation whose con;ugate
axis is @ and the distance between the foci is !(.
@@. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola satisfying the following conditions)
(i) Vertices at (@&,)& foci at (9& ,)
(ii) Vertices at ("&,)& foci at ((&,)
(iii) Vertices at (,& @)& foci at (,& <)
(iv) Vertices at (,& 2 / 11 ) foci at (,&()
(v) Vertices at (9&,) and e :H(
(vi) Vertices at (,& 9)& e * :H(
@A. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola satisfying the following conditions )
(i) oci at (,& 10 ) and passing through ("&()
(ii) oci at ((&,) and e * (H"
(iii) oci at (( 5 &,) and latus rectum is of length <.
(iv) oci at (@&,) and transverse axis is length <.
@9. ind the e.uation of a hyperbola in the standard form having distance
between directices
3
3
4
and passing through the point ("&!).
@<. The foci a hyperbola coincides with the foci of the ellipse 1
9 25
2 2
= +
y x
. ind
the e.uation of the hyperbola if its eccentricity is ".
@+. ind the e.uation of the set of all points such that the difference of their
distances from (:&,) and (1:&,) is always e.ual to ".
14
A,. ind the vertex& focus& directrix and axis of parabolas )
(i) (y 1 )
"
* :a (x 1 )& a = ,
(ii) (x 1 )
"
* :a (y 1 )& a = ,.
A!. Show that the following e.uations represent parabolas. $n each case& find
vertex& axis& focus& directrix& latus rectum. /lso rough s%etch.
A". Show that the following e.uations represent ellipse. $n each case& find
centre& vertices& foci eccentricity& directrices& latus rectum& ma;or axis and
minor axis. /lso draw rough s%etches)
(i) :x
"
2 !Ay
"
1 ":x 1 ("y 1 !" * ,.
(ii) +x
"
2 :y
"
1 @:x 1 @Ay 2 ":! * ,.
A(. ind the e.uation of the ellipse whose axes are parallel to the coordinate
axes having its centre at the point ("& 1()& one focus at ((& 1() and one
vertex at (:& 1().
A:. ind the e.uation of the ellipse whose foci are (1"&() and ("&() and whose
semi minor axis is 5 .
A@. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola with foci are (A&:) and (1:&:) and
eccentricity is ".
AA. ind the e.uation of the hyperbola vertices are at (1<&1!) and (!A& 1!) and
one focus is at (!9& 1!)
15
Type &&& Ob4ective $uestions'
!. The e.uation of the circle in the first .uadrant touching each coordinate
axis at a distance of one unit from the origin is )
(a) 0 1 2 2
2 2
= + + y x y x (b) 0 1 2 2
2 2
= + y x y x
(c)
0 2 2
2 2
= + y x y x
(d)
0 1 2 2
2 2
= + + y x y x
". The e.uation of the circle having centre (!&1") and passing through the
point of intersection of the lines (x 2 y * !: and " x 2 @y * !< is )
(a) 0 20 4 2
2 2
= + + y x y x (b) 0 20 4 2
2 2
= + y x y x
(c)
0 20 4 2
2 2
= + + y x y x
(d)
0 20 4 2
2 2
= + + + y x y x
(. The area of triangle formed by the lines ;oining the vertex of the parabola x
"
* !" y to the ends of its latus rectum is )
(a) !" s. units. (b) !A s.. units
(c) !< s.. units (d) ": s.. units
:. The e.uations of the lines ;oining the vertex of the parabola y
"
* Ax to the
points on it which have abscissa ": are )
(a) y "x * , (b) " y x * ,
(c) x "y * , (d) "x y * ,
@. The e.uation of the ellipse whose centre is at the origin and the x-axis& the
ma;or axis& which passes through the points (1(& !) and ("& 1") is )
(a) @x
"
2 (y
"
(" (b) (x
"
2 @y
"
* ("
(c) @x
"
1 (y
"
* (" (d) (x
"
2 @y
"
2 (" * ,
A. The length of the transverse axis along x-axis with centre at origin of a
hyperbola is 9 and it passes through the point is 9 and it passes through the
point (@& 1"). The e.uation of the hyperbola is )
(a)
1
51
196
49
4
2 2
= y x
(b)
1
196
51
4
49
2 2
= y x
(c)
1
196
51
49
4
2 2
= y x
(d) none of these
9. The area of the circle centred at (!&") and passing through (:&A) is )
(a) @ (b) !, (c) "@ (d) none of these
<. >.uation of a circle which passes though ((&A) and touches the axes is )
(a) 0 3 6 6
2 2
= + + + + y x y x (b) 0 9 6 6
2 2
= + y x y x
(c)
0 9 6 6
2 2
= + + y x y x
(d) none of these
+. >.uation of the circle with centre on the y-axis and passing through the
origin and the point ("&() is )
(a) 0 13
2 2
= + + y y x (b) 0 3 13 3 3
2 2
= + + + x y x
(c)
0 13 6 6
2 2
= + x y x
(d)
0 3 13
2 2
= + + + x y x
!,. The e.uation of a circle with origin as centre and passing through the
vertices of an e.uilateral triangle whose median is of length (a is)
16
(a)
2 2 2
9a y x = + (b)
2 2 2
16a y x = +
(c)
2 2 2
4a y x = +
(d)
2 2 2
a y x = +
!!. $f the focus of a parabola is (,& 1() and its directrix is y * (& then its
e.uation is
(a) x
"
* 1!"y (b) x
"
* !"y
(c) y
"
* 1!"x (d) y
"
* !"x
!". $f the parabola y
"
* :ax passes through the point ((&") then the length of its
latus rectum is )
(a)
3
2
(b)
3
4
(c)
3
1
(d) :
!(. $f the vertex of the parabola is point (1(& ,) and the directrix is the line x 2
@ * ,& then its e.uation is )
(a) y
"
* < (x 2 () (b) x
"

* < (y 2 ()
(c) y
"
* 1< (x 2 () (d) y
"
* < (x 2 @)
!:. The e.uation of the ellipse whose focus is (!&1!)& the directrix the line x 1 y
1 ( * , and eccentricity
2
1
is )
(a)
0 7 10 10 7 2 7
2 2
= + + + + y x y xy x
(b) 0 7 7 2 7
2 2
= + + + y xy x
(c)
0 7 10 10 7 2 7
2 2
= + + + y x y xy x
(d) none
!@. The length of the latus rectum of the ellipse
12 3
2 2
= + y x
is )
(a) : (b) ( (c) < (d)
3
4
!A. $f e is the eccentricity of the ellipse 1
2
2
2
2
= +
b
y
a
x
(a - b)& then
(a) ( )
2 2 2
1 e a b = (b) ( )
2 2 2
1 e b a =
(c) ( ) 1
2 2 2
= e b a (d) ( ) 1
2 2 2
= e a b
!9. The eccentricity of the hyperbola whose latus from rectum is < and
con;ugate axis is e.ual to half of the distance between the foci is )
(a)
3
4
(b)
3
4
(c)
3
2
(d) none of these
!<. The distance between the foci of a hyperbola is !A and its eccentricity is 2
. $t e.uation is )
(a) a
"
1 y
"
* (" (b) 1
9 4
2 2
=
y x
(c) "x 1 (y
"
* 9 (d) none of these
!+. >.uation of the hyperbola with eccentricity
2
3
and foci at ( "& ,) is )
(a)
9
4
5 4
2 2
=
y x
(b)
9
4
9 9
2 2
=
y x
17
(c) 1
9 4
2 2
=
y x
(d) none of these
05. State w)et)er t)e state1ent are correct or not. 9ustify.
(a) 0ircle on which the coordinates of any point are (" 2 :
cos& 1! 2 : sin ) where is a parameter is given by (x 1")
"
2 (y 2
!)
"
* !A.
(b) / bar of given length moves with its extremities on two fixed straight
lines at right angles. /ny point of the bar describes an ellipse.
01. State w)et)er t)e state1ents are true and false.
a. The line x 2 (y * , is a diameter of the circle
x
"
2 y
"
2 Ax 2 "y * ,.
b. The shortest distance from the point ("& 19) to the circle
x
"
2 y
"
1!:x 1 !,y 1!@! * , is e.ual to @.
c. $f the line lx 2 my * ! is a tangent to the circle x
"
2 y
"
* a
"
& then the point
(l& m) lies on a circle.
d. The point (!&") lies inside the circle x
"
2y
"
1"x2Ay2!*,.
e. The line lx 2 y 2 n * , will touch the parabola y
"
* :ax if ln * am
"
f. $f 8 is a point on the ellipse 1
25 16
2 2
= +
y x
whose foci are S and SJ& then
8S 2 8SJ * <.
g. The line "x 2 (y * !" touches the ellipse 2
4 9
2 2
= +
y x
at the point ((&").
h. The locus of the point of intersection of lines
0 3 4 3 = % y x
and
0 3 4 3 = + %y %x for different value of % is a hyperbola whose eccentricity
is ".
00. Fill in t)e :lan; fro1
a. The e.uation of the circle having centre at ((& 1:) and touching the line
@x 2 !"y 1!" * , is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
b. The e.uation of the circle circumscribing the triangle whose sides are the
lines y * x 2"& (y * :x& "y * (x is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
c. /n ellipse is described by using an endless string which is passed over two
pins. $f the axes are A cm and : cm& the length of the string and distance
between the pins are KKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
d. The e.uation of the ellipse having foci (,&!)& (,& 1!) and minor axis of
length ! is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
e. The e.uation of the parabola having focus at (1!& 1") and the directrix x 1
"y 2 ( * , is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
f. The e.uation of the hyperbola with vertices at (,& A) and eccentricity
3
5
is
KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKand its foci areKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
18
g. The e.uation of the circle which passes through the point (:& @) and as its
centre at ("& ") is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
h. / circle has radius ( units and its centre lies on the line y * x 1!. $f it
passes through the point (9& ()& its e.uation is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
i. $f the latus rectum of an ellipse with axis along x-axis and centre at origin is
!,& distance between foci* length of minor axis& then the e.uation of the
ellipse is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
;. The e.uation of the parabola whose focus is the point ("&() and directrix is
the line x 1 :y 2 ( * , is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
%. The eccentricity of the hyperbola 1
2
2
2
2
=
b
y
a
x
which passes through the
points ((& ,) and ( ) 2 , 2 3 is KKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKKK.
19
Type<1 8!S=E#S'
!"E#T E(86P7ES
>.! r
"
>.". !A >.(. 9 >.:. !".@<
>.@. < >.A. <x >.9. <y >.<. 1:y
>.+.
5
18
>.!,.
3
5
>.!!. ! >.!". !
>.!(. ":9 >.!:.
2
1
>.!@. "9@ >.!A. !,<
6iscellaneous E+a1ples
>.!9. A,cm >.!<.
metres 6 2
>.!+. !
E+ercise 11.1
E+ercise 11.0
E+ercise 11.3
20
21

E+ercise 11.4
22
6iscellaneous E+ercise on ")apter < 11
Type && 8nswers E+tra practice $uestions'
!. (!&1") & 13 ". y * " & <
(. foci) (:&,) and (1:&,) vertices) (@& , ) and (1@& ,)
e *
5
4
& miner axis A& ma;or axis !,
:. 1
11 36
2 2
= +
y x
@. Vertices ) ( a& ,)& foci ) ( @& ,)
e *
4
5
A. 1
64 36
2 2
=
x y
9.
0 111 6 14
2 2
= + y x y x
&
centre ) (9& ()& Ladius ) !(
<. 3 8a +.
32 5 3
2 2
= + y x
!,. 1
45 36
2 2
=
y x
!!.
0 2 2
2 2 2
= + + a ay ax y x
!(.
2
,
2
b a
!:. 0 1 4 2
2 2
= + + y x y x
!@.
4
3
!A.
0 4 4 4
2 2
= + + + + y x y x
!9. (!& ") !<.
0 20 4 2
2 2
= + + y x y x
!+. % * < ",.
0 15 12 6
2 2
= + + y x y x
"!.
2
3
"". e *
5
4
& foci ) (:&,) and (1:&,)
"(.
4
39
":. 1
45
4
81
4
2 2
= +
y x
"@. !< "A. ("& :) & ("& 1:)
"9.
2
sin
cos 4a
"<.
32 8
2
= + y x
"+. m * ! (,.
32
2 2
= y x
(!.
2
13
(".
9
4
5 4
2 2
=
y x
((.
47 2 2
2 2
= + + y x y x
(:.
25 10 4
2 2
+ + y x y x
*,
(@. ( ) ( ) 38 1 3
2 2
= + + y x (A. 0 120 16 18
2 2
= + + y x y x
(9. 0 16 6 8
2 2
= + + y x y x
23
(<. (a) 36 12
2
= x y & (b) y x 8 32
2
= &
(c) 0 16 32 4 4 4
2 2
= + + + + + y x y xy x
(+. 0 36 4 3
2 2
= + x y x :,. 180 5 9
2 2
= + y x
:". (a) 15 15
2 2
= y x & (b) 0 343 7 9
2 2
= + y x (c) 5
2 2
= x y

:(. (i) 1
9 25
2 2
= +
y x
(ii) 1
169 144
2 2
= +
y x
(iii) 1
100 36
2 2
= +
y x
(iv) 1
12 16
2 2
= +
y x
(v) 1
25 9
2 2
= +
y x
(vi) 1
5 1
2 2
= +
y x
::. (i) 9x
"
2 !@y
"
* ":9 (ii) 1
9 18
2 2
= +
y x
(iii) !Ax
"
2 9y
"
* A<< (iv) 1
100 64
2 2
= +
y x
:@. 1
9 25
2 2
= +
y x
:A. .
4
39
m :9. 1
36 81
2 2
= +
y x
:<. @x
"
2 +y
"
1 @:y 2 (A * ,
:+. 9y
"
2 ":xy 1 9"x 1 !<y 2 !(@ *,
@(.
4
5
@:. "@x
"

1 !::y
"
* +,,
@@. (i) 1
24 25
2 2
=
y x
(ii) 1
5 4
2 2
=
y x
(iii) 1
39 25
2 2
=
y x
(iv) 1
25
4
11
4
2 2
=
x y
(v) 1
343
9
49
2 2
=
y x
(vi) 1
343
9
49
2 2
=
x y
@A. (i) y
"
1 x
"
*@ (ii) 1
5 4
2 2
=
y x
(iii) 1
20 25
2 2
=
y x
(iv) 1
9 16
2 2
=
y x
@9. (x
"
1 "y
"
* !, and x
"
1 "y
"
* ".
@<. (x
"
1 y
"
* !" @+. !@x
"
1 y
"
* !@
A,. (i) x 1 2 a * ,& axis ) y 1 * ,
(ii) y 1 2 a * ,& axis ) x 1 * ,
A(.
( ) ( )
1
3
3
4
2
2 2
=
+
+
y x
A:. @x
"
2 +y
"
1 @:y 2 (A * ,
A@. !"x
"
1 :y
"
1 ":x 2 ("y 1 !"9 * ,
AA. "@x
"
1 !::y
"
1 ",,x 1 "<<y 1 ((:: * ,
24

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