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Quranic Arabic Grammar
Made Easy

Copyright 2014 by Azizul Hoque

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Lesson 1

(Arabic Alphabet)

Khaa

Haa

Jeem

Thaa

Taa

Baa

Alif

Saad

Sheen

Seen

Zaa

Raa

Dhaal

Daal

qaaf

Faa

Ghain

Ain

Zaa

Taa

Daad

Yaa

haa

Waw

Noon

Meem

Laam

Kaaf

"Vowels ():
There are three vowels that comes on a letter:
1. Fatha (
) a tiny forward slash written above the letter.

2. Kasra (
) a tiny forward slash written below the letter.

3. Damma (
) a small version of the letter ( ) is written above

the letter.
If the letter has none of the above vowels, then it has a Sukoon
which is (
) small or half circle written above the letter.


Tanween ():
There are three Tanween that comes on the last letter of a noun:
1. Fatha-tain (
) double Fatha written above the letter.

2. Kasra-tain (
) double Kasra written below the letter.

3. Damma-tain (
) double Damma written above the letter.

In the Arabic language there are (28 or 29) letters characters.
The reason for this difference is and .
According to those who count a separate letter, to them
there are 29 letters.
When has fatha (
) kasra, (
) damma, (
) or sukoon (
)
becomes a .
=
=

Words are made with
(letters) and
(vowels).
Examples:

pen

book

mankind

in

read

Words and the Types of Words

A word having a meaning is called
Kalimah (parts of
speech).

(parts of speech) is of three types:

1.
- noun. 2.
- verb. 3.
- particle.
A
- noun (pl
) is name of a person, animal, place, thing,

adjective, action, pronoun. e.g.
- name,
- horse,
-
man,
- Makkah,
- pen,
- to hit,
- good,
he ,
-I.
85% of will have Tanween.
A
- verb (pl
) denotes action in relation to past, present or

future tense. e.g.
-he hit,
- he went,
- he is going
or he will go,
- go,
- dont go.
A
- particle (pl
) is a word whose meaning is only

completed when it is used with a
(noun) or a
(verb), e.g.

- from,
on ,
in ,
- to.

We will be first learning
and the grammar relates to it.

After that we will be learning
and the grammar relates to it.

We will be learning some
with
and some
with
.

Lesson 2

Noun

There are four properties of a
(noun). You need to know

these four properties of a
in order to use a
in a sentence.
So every
has four properties.

1.
case, the role of a noun in the sentence.

2.
gender, masculine and feminine.

3.
number, single, dual and plural.

4.
type, definite and indefinite.

Note: All the terms of grammar when pronounced there
should be a (
) Sukoon on the last letter.

Examples:

ism

fil

harf

iraab

jins (pronounced s not z)

adad

qism

1.
the case of a noun (declension)

The change of a
(vowel) of the last letter is called

(Iraab) - declension.
All (nouns) has three grammatical cases (
).
1.
(Raf) - the nominative case (the doer or subject case)

There are many grammatical reasons why a noun will be in
case. One reason is the doer (
) of the verb is in case.

2.
(Nasb) - the objective case (the object or detail case)

There are many grammatical reasons why a noun will be in
case. One reason is the object (
) of the verb is in
case.
3.
(Jarr) - the possessive case (the after of case)

There are only two grammatical reasons why a noun will be
in case. One reason is the Mudaf Ilaihi (
after
of ) meaning the possessor (book of Zaid) Zaid is called
Mudaf Ilaihi so its in case.
(We will learn Mudaf Ilaihi in more details later on)
If a has Dammatain (
) it is in case.
If a has Fathatain (
) it is in case.
If a has Kasratain (
) it is in case.

In other words:
If a is in case Dammatain (
) will be read on it.

If a is in case Fathatain (

If a is in case Kasratain (

Example 1:
Zaid hit Hamid =

Zaid is the (subject) doer in this sentence. He did the action of
hitting, so in this sentence Zaid is in case. Dammatain (
) will
be read on it.

And Hamid is object in this sentence, so Hamid is in case.
Fathatain (

Example 2:
Book of Zaid (Zaids book) =

Here Zaid is after of so Zaid is in case. Kasratain (
) will be
read on it.

Note: The meaning of in all three cases is the same.

Note: The in its default form is case the Dammatain (
)
will be read.

The Signs of
(Declension of Different Nouns)

About 98% (nouns) are called
(Murab) meaning its
(vowel) of the last letter changes.

Out of 98% , about 85% changes in all three cases. They
are called
(Munsarif)
About 85% nouns () will be in one of the three cases and
they will end in (Tanween).
Examples:
Possessive
Case
Objective
Case
Nominative
Case
Meaning Noun

man
king
Zaid
Muhammad
mosque
house
house
book
pen
brother
sister

Lesson 3
You have noticed that in case with fatha-tain (
) an Alif () is
added at the end of a .
The rule is whenever there is fatha-tain (
) in case an Alif ()
is added at the end of a .
Lets take a look at it again.
Meaning

man
king
Zaid
Muhammad
mosque
house
house
wall
book
pen

Note: There are many rules in Arabic grammar has some
exceptions.

Exception 1 for the above rule is when there is () at the end of a
, an Alif () will not be added in case.
Examples:
Meaning

garden
nation
sign
woman

Exception 2 for the above rule is when there is () at the end of a
, an Alif () will not be added in case.
Examples:
Meaning

sky
water
reward

An Alif () will be added in case in the following nouns.
Meaning

bad
thing

Because they are ending with ( ) and ().

Lesson 4
In lesson 2 we have learnt that about 85%
are

(Munsarif). They will be in one of the three cases and their
of the last letter will change in all three cases. They will end in
(Tanween).

About 13%
will be in one of the three cases but in and

case their of the last letter will be the same.
They are called
(Ghair Munsarif).

Rule:
(Ghair Munsarif) does not accept Tanween

(
) or Kasrah (
).
In case, the Dammah (

In case, the Fathah (

In case, the Fathah (
) will be read on it because

(Ghair Munsarif) does not accept Kasrah (
).
The question is, how will we know which
s are

(Ghair Munsarif).
The answer is, there are some categories where if any falls in
one of these categories they will be
(Ghair Munsarif).

Categories
Category 1: Names of most of the prophets are

Names of these prophets will be
(Munsarif) Tanween and

Kasrah will be read on them.

Category 2: Names of most Females are

Category 3: Names of male that ends in () are

(Ghair Munsarif )

Category 4: Names of male that ends in () are

(Ghair Munsarif )

Category 5: Non-Arab names are

Category 6: Names of Angels are

Category 7: Names of most of countries and cities are

About 2% of
will be in one of the three cases. They will not

have (Tanween(.their of the last letter will remain the
same in all three cases. They are called
(Mabni).

Examples:

this

this

this

these

these

these

that

that

that

those

those

those

he who

he who

he who

she who

she who

she who

those who

those who

those who

Lesson 5
2. the Gender

Arabic s are of two types in regards to gender:
1.
(Mudhak-kar) masculine.
2.
(Muan-nath) feminine.

All Arabic s are
masculine unless we specifically know

it is
feminine.
There are two types of
feminine.
1.
(Muan-nath Haqiqii) real feminine.

If you translate these nouns to any language they remain
feminine.
Examples:

real feminine

sister

daughter

mother

2.
(Muan-nath Ghair Haqiqii) not real feminine.

is two types.
1.
- feminine with signs.

2.
- feminine as heard from the Arabs.

1.
- feminine with signs.

There are three signs of feminine.
1. Taa marbuta () at the end of a .
Examples:

- feminine with signs

stone

sign

gerden

cow

room

watch/time
Adjective nouns can be made in to feminine by adding
taa marbuta () at the end.
Note: The letter before taa marbuta () will have a Fatha.
Examples:

Adjective noun

female muslim

muslim

female pious

pious

female student

student

big (fm)

big


small (fm)

small

long (fm)

long

short (fm)

short

heavy (fm)

heavy

light (fm)

light
2. Alif maqsurah (
it is also written like this
) at the end
of a .
Examples:


beautiful lady

Small (f)

Big (f)
3. Alif mamdudah () at the end of a .
Examples:


black

yellow

desert

2.

There are some categories, if any is from these categories they
will be

Category 1: Names of winds.
Examples:
- feminine as heard from the Arabs

wind

cold wind

wind
Category 2: Names of wines.
Examples:


wine

wine
Category 3: Names of fire.
Examples:


hell fire

hell fire

fire

Category 4: parts of the body in pairs.
Examples:


ear

eye

hand

elbow

foot

leg

Category 5: names of countries.
Examples:


Roman

Syria

Egypt

The exception to this rule are six Arab countries. These are:

Iraq

Jordan

Morocco

Kuwait

Lebanon

Sudan

Besides the above-mentioned nouns, there are other nouns
which are used as feminine by the Arabs.
Some of them are:


sun

earth

sky

glass

house

battle

market

dream

soul

All broken plurals (none-intelligent) are singular feminine.
(We will learn broken plurals in the next lesson).
Examples:


doors

pens

books

houses

faces

hearts

Lesson 6
3. the Number
In Arabic, s are of three categories with regards to number:
1. Singular
(wahid) indicating one.

2. Dual
(muthan-naa) indicating two.

3. Plural
(jam) indicating more than two.

The
(dual) is formed in case by following the step below:

(Same rule is applied to both masculine and feminine ).
Put a Fatha (
) on the last letter of the and add (
) at the
end of the .
Examples:

dual

singular

dual

singular

two women

one woman

two pens

one pen

two Khutbas

one Khutba

two books

one book

two eyes

one eye

two boys

one boy

two gardens

one garden

two men

one man

The (dual) is formed in and case by following the step
below:
(Same rule is applied to both masculine and feminine ).
Put a Fatha (
) at the
end of the .
Examples:

dual

singular

dual

singular
/ /

two women

one woman

two pens

one pen

two Khutbas

one Khutba

two books

one book

two eyes

one eye

two boys

one boy

two gardens

one garden

two men

one man

Plural
Plurals are of two types:
1. (Jam Salim) sound plural.
2.
(Jam Mukas-sar) broken plural.

1. - The masculine sound plural
The - sound plural is one in which the singular form of
the word remains intact (sound) with some additions at the end.
The - masculine sound plural is formed in case by
following the step below:
Put a Dhamma (
) at
the end of the .
The - masculine sound plural is mainly formed from
adjective nouns.
Examples:

sound plural

singular

sound plural

singular

disbelievers

disbeliever

muslims

muslim

hypocrites

hypocrite

believers

believer

disobedient

disobedient

pious

pious

The - masculine sound plural is formed in and
case by following the step below:
Put a Kasra (
) at the
end of the .
Examples:

sound plural

singular

sound plural

singular
/ /

disbelievers

disbeliever

muslims

muslim

hypocrites

hypocrite

believers

believer

disobedient

disobedient

pious

pious

There are some s they are not adjectives but they are used as
- The masculine sound plural.
Examples:

sound plural

sound plural

singular
/

worlds

worlds

world

earth

earth

earth

families

families

family

twenty

twenty

thirty

thirty

ninety

ninety
till
ninety

2. - The feminine sound plural

The - feminine sound plural is formed in case by
following the step below:
Remove () from the feminine and add (
) to the end
of the .
The - feminine sound plural is mainly formed from
adjective nouns.
Examples:

sound plural

singular

sound plural

singular

disbelievers (f)

disbeliever (f)

Muslims (f)

Muslim (f)

hypocrites (f)

hypocrite (f)

believers (f)

believer (f)

disobedient (f)

disobedient (f)

pious

Pious (f)

The - feminine sound plural is formed in and
case by following the step below:
Remove () from the feminine and add (
) to the end of
the feminine .
Examples:

There are some s they are not adjectives but they are used as
- The feminine sound plural.
Examples:

sound plural

singular

sound plural

singular
/ /

disbelievers (f)

disbeliever (f)

Muslims (f)

Muslim (f)

hypocrites (f)

hypocrite (f)

believers (f)

believer (f)

disobedient (f)

disobedient (f)

pious (f)

pious (f)

sound plural

singular

sound plural

singular
/ /

sky

garden


Full chart of adjective s regards to number.

Lesson 7

The broken plural - (
)
The broken plural is that ism in which the form of the singular
ism is broken, that is, changed. It has no fixed rules for making
it. Sometimes letters are added or deleted and sometimes there is
merely a change in the Harakat.
In English we have broken plural too, some examples:
goose = geese tooth = teeth mouse = mice leaf = leaves
man = men woman = women wife = wives life = lives
knife = knives loaf = loaves I = we he = they

Here we list some of the groups of the broken plural which are
used most often:

Munsarif () groups
groups

baby

pen

time

door

work , deed

rain


camel

man

sea

servant

mountain

dog

reward

heart

fountain

soul

king , owner

face

messenger

book ,
document

town, city

page , news
paper

path, creed,
faith, belief

ship , boat

leg

soul

sea river

eye

month

Ghair Munsarif ( ) groups
groups

poor

scholar

leader

stranger

agent ,
trustee

minister

guardian ,
master

prophet

friend

rich

beloved ,
darling

near ,
relative


desk, office

mosque

warning
and advice

transport

letter

key

component

star

earthquake,
shaken

jewel , gem

Alif Maqsoorah ( ) groups
groups

murdered

dead

thrown on
the ground

ill

Full chart of broken plural (
) masculine and feminine.

) .

) .

Lesson 8
4.
the type
The types of Nouns
Nouns are of two types in regards to definiteness:
1.
(Nakirah) indefinite.
2.
(Marifah) definite.
1.
- An indefinite noun is a word which refers to an

unspecified thing. Indefinite nouns end with "Tanween"
().
The word (
) a man, does not refer to any specific

person. It can refer to any person. The word (
) does
not refer to any particular good thing. Every good thing
can be called (
). All the examples till now were

indefinite nouns.
2.
- A definite noun refers to a proper names given to

certain person, place or an object. Zaid (
) is the name of
a particular person. Makkah (
) is the name of a specific

city. (
) the man - refers to a specific person. (
) he
- refers to a specific person. (
) this - refers to a specific

thing pointed at.

The Types of Definite Nouns
is seven types:
1.
(proper noun), e.g. (
), (
).
2.
(pronoun), e.g. (
) he, (
) you, (
) - I.
3.
(demonstrative pronoun), e.g. (
),this, (
) that.
4.
(relative pronoun), e.g. (
) the one who (m),

(
) the one who (f).

5.
( noun having (
)), e.g. (
) the horse, (
)
the man.
6.
( noun which is related to any of the above-

mentioned definite nouns), e.g. (
) Zaids book,
(
) this persons book, (
) the book of the

man.
In the above examples, the word (
) has become definite

because its related to one of the
.
7.
(vocative), e.g. (
) O man, (
) O boy.
Besides the above-mentioned 7 types definite nouns all other
nouns are indefinite.
The definite article of Arabic is (
) it means The. It is called

( ).
When (
) is prefixed to any indefinite noun it becomes definite.

Now the word is termed as (
) a noun made definite by

(
). The noun, (
) a horse, is indefinite while (
) the
horse, is definite.
When (
) is prefixed to a having Tanween, the Tanween falls

off.
and Tanween do not come together.

The proper nouns like
are definite by nature.

Therefore
cannot be added to them.

Examples:

with single and nouns

with
(dual) and nouns


with (sound plural) and nouns

with (broken plural) and nouns

We have learnt that (ghair munsarif) nouns do not
accept kasrah in case.
Examples:

But when is added to (ghair munsarif) nouns they will
accept kasrah in case.
Examples:

with nouns

with nouns

When any word precedes a word having (
), the first word is

joined to the Laam of the second word and pronounced by
joining. The Hamzah of the (
) is known as (Hamzatul-
wasl). It is not pronounced. e.g.

If there is a Saskin letter before the (
), the Saakin letter is

normally read with a kasrah, e.g.

However the word (
) is read with a fathah, e.g.

In (
) the ( ) sometime is read and sometime it is not read for

example -

There are two groups of the Arabic letters.
1.

2.

If the letter after ( ) is from
then ( ) will be read.

If the letter after ( ) is from
then () will not be read.

Examples:

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www.quranicarabicacademy.

) a tiny forward slash written above the letter.

) a tiny forward slash written below the letter.

) a small version of the letter ( ) is written above

) small or half circle written above the letter.

) double Fatha written above the letter.

) double Kasra written below the letter.

) double Damma written above the letter.

(parts of speech) is of three types:

) is name of a person, animal, place, thing,

) denotes action in relation to past, present or

) is a word whose meaning is only

and the grammar relates to it.

and the grammar relates to it.

(noun). You need to know

has four properties.

case, the role of a noun in the sentence.

gender, masculine and feminine.

number, single, dual and plural.

type, definite and indefinite.

) Sukoon on the last letter.

jins (pronounced s not z)

the case of a noun (declension)

(vowel) of the last letter is called

(Raf) - the nominative case (the doer or subject case)

) of the verb is in case.

(Nasb) - the objective case (the object or detail case)

(Jarr) - the possessive case (the after of case)

) will be read on it.

) will be read on it.

) will be read on it.

) will be read on it.

(Declension of Different Nouns)

(Murab) meaning its

(vowel) of the last letter changes.

will be in one of the three cases but in and

(Ghair Munsarif) does not accept Tanween

) will be read on it.

) will be read on it.

) will be read on it because

(Munsarif) Tanween and

will be in one of the three cases. They will not

masculine unless we specifically know

(Muan-nath Haqiqii) real feminine.

(Muan-nath Ghair Haqiqii) not real feminine.

- feminine with signs.

- feminine as heard from the Arabs.

- feminine with signs.

- feminine with signs

it is also written like this

- feminine with signs

- feminine with signs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs.

- feminine as heard from the Arabs.

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

- feminine as heard from the Arabs

(wahid) indicating one.

(muthan-naa) indicating two.