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COLLEGE OF NURSING, MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE, CHENNAI-03

LESSON PLAN
ON
NON PROJECTED AIDS
SUMMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:
DR.R.LAKSHMI MSC (N), P.HD, MRS.S.JAYASHREE,
PRINCIPAL, MSC NURSING I YEAR,
MRS.G.SHANTHI MSC (N), COLLEGE OF NURSING,
MRS.V.JAYANTHI MSC (N), MADRAS MEDICALCOLLEGE,
MRS.P.SAVITHRI MSC (N), CHENNAI-03.
LECTURER,
COLLEGE OF NURSING,
MADRAS MEDICAL COLLEGE,
CHENNAI-03


Institution Name : College of nursing, Madras medical college

Program : M.Sc., Nursing I year

Subject : Nursing education
Unit : III
Topic : Non projected aids
Venue : Seminar Hall, MMC

Student teacher : Mrs.S.Jayashree

Participants : Msc nursing 1 year students

Date :

Methods of teaching : Lecture cum discussion

Audio Visual Aids : Black Board, Roller board, Power point, Charts, Flannel
board, hand out, pamphlet

Evaluator : Mrs.P.Savithri Msc (N) lecturer


Central objective:
Help the students to gain in depth knowledge about non projected aids and to develop desirable attitudes and skills in
teaching learning process, while teaching the stunts in the classroom setting as well as clinical settings.
Contributory Objectives:
At the end of the class the student will be able to:
1) define the term audio visual aids
2) illustrate the classification of audio visual aids
3) narrate the importance of audio visual aids
4) state about non projected aids
5) enlist the classification of non projected aids
6) explain about graphic aids
7) describe about display boards
8) enumerate about three dimensional aids
9) expound the role of non projected aids in the field of nursing education

INTRODUCTION
For many years, educators have theorized about how the human brain and the memory function during the
communicative process. There is general agreement about certain theoretical factors that seem pertinent to
understanding the use of instructional aids.
During the communicative process, the sensory register of the memory acts as a filter. As stimuli are
received, the individual's sensory register works to sort out the important bits of information from the
routine or less significant bits. Within seconds, what is perceived as the most important information is
passed to the working or short-term memory where it is processed for possible storage in the long-term
memory. This complex process is enhanced by the use of appropriate instructional aids that highlight and
emphasize the main points or concepts. The working or short-term memory functions are limited by both
time and capacity. The effectiveness of the instructional aid is critical for this process. Carefully selected
charts, graphs, pictures, or other well-organized visual aids are examples. Ideally, instructional aids should
be designed to cover the key points and concepts. In addition, the coverage should be straightforward and
factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall.

SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
1 2
mints
Define the term
audio visual aids
Audio visual aids:

An Audio-Visual is an instructional
device in which the message can be heard
as well as seen

An Audio-Visual Aids are those
sensory objects or images which initiate
or stimulate and reinforce learning.
Burton

Audio visual aids are any device which
can be used to make the learning
experience more concrete, realistic and
dynamic.
kinder S. James

AV aids are those aids which help in
completing the triangular process of
learning, motivation, clarification and
stimulation.
Carter V. Good

explaining Listening Roller
board
Define
audiovisual
aids


SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
2 2
mints
Illustrate the
classification of
audio visual aids
classification of audio visual aids:
Can be classified into different ways:
Simple and Sophisticated aids
Audio, Visual and Audio Visual
aids
Electronic and Non electronic
Projected and Non Projected aids.
Big media and little media
Three dimensional aids

Explaining Listening Chalk board Illustrate the
classification
of audio visual
aids
3 2
mints
Narrate the
importance of
audio visual aids
Importance of audio visual aids:
Enable the audience to look and
learn improve and make teaching
effective.
Make learning interesting and
profitable.
Quicken the phase of learning
To get students to use the
knowledge at the beginning stages
To promote greater student active
participation
They can be used at all levels of
learning
Helps in improving & making
teaching effective
explaining













listening chart Narrate the
importance of
av aids

SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
4 2
mints
State about non
projected aids
Non projected aids:
Non projected aids are those aids which in
teaching learning purpose without using any
projected materials
Eg : charts ,models,graphs etc

explaining listening Roller
board
State the term
non projected
aids
5 2
mints
Enlist the
classification of
non projected aids
Classification of non projected aids:



Graphic aids Display boards 3 dimensional aids



Cartoons Black board Diagrams
Charts Bulletin Models
Diagrams Flannel board Mock ups
Flash cards Magnetic board Object
Maps Pee board Specimen
Photographs Roller board
Pictures
Posters
Graphs
Booklets
Pamphlet
Leaflet
Flip charts
explaining listening chart Enlist the
classification
of non
projected aids

SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
6 10
mints
Explain about
graphic aids
GRAPHIC AIDS:
CHARTS
DEFI NI TI ON:
Charts are graphic teaching material
including diagrams, posters, pictures, maps
and graphs.
PURPOSES:
It serves as an illustrative visual media.
It depicts logical relationship between
main idea and supporting facts.
It is a useful in a teaching situation
It is useful in showing point of
comparison
PRI NCI PLES:
self-explanatory
Captioned in bold letters.
High light contrasting features with
different colors.
Large enough and least size-50*70 cm
chart paper
TYPES OF CHARTS :
Narrative chart
Cause and effect chart
Chain chart
Evolution chart
Strip tease chart
Pull chart
Flow chart
Flip chart etc

explaining listening Flannel
board
Explain about
graphic aids

SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ADVANTAGES:
Helpful in attracting students attention.
Conveys information in a condensed
form.
Presents information efficiently.
Cheap and easily available
.
DI SADVANTAGES:
It is fully understood only by a literate
and small group of people and
maintenance is difficult.

GRAPHS AND DIAGRAMS

DEFI NI TI ON:
Graphs and Diagrams are visual teaching
aids for presenting statistical information and
constructing the trends or changes of certain
attributes. It has a powerful impact on
imagination of people.
PURPOSES:
Becomes simple and meaningful
Forms an impression
Stimulate varieties and give more
information to the learner.
Is very intensive and economical.
.



SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION

PRI NCI PLES:
Use true class intervals on the horizontal
line.
The vertical and horizontal axis should be
equal in length.
The graphs should be clearly labeled and
a key should be given.
All columns should be same width
Use contrast colors
Write with capital letters on a charts and
simplicity in labeling should be there.

TYPES OF GRAPHS AND DI AGRAMS
GRAPHS TYPES:
Histogram.
Frequency polygon.
Frequency curve.
Line chart or curve.
Cumulative frequency curve or olive.
Scatter or dot diagram.

Diagrams types:
Bar diagram
Pie or sector diagram /pictogram or spot
map.



SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ADVANTAGES:
Graphs make presentation of quantitative
data. Simple way.
Pictorial graphs have a popular appeal to
children
Promotes correlation of information

DI SADVANTAGES:
Suitable for small audience.
Many representations are difficult to
follow.
Concentration is needed and too many
slices in the pie it become confused.

BOOKLET, LEAFLET, PAMPHLET

DEFI NI TI ONS:
BOOKLET:
A booklet is a small book with a cover page

LEAFLET:
A leaflet is simple sheet carrying helpful
information on useful themes on one or both of
its sides.

PAMPHLET:
A pamphlet is printed material consisting of
only a few pages about a specific topic.




SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PURPOSES:
Basic information to the topic and
additional knowledge are provided.
Reinforces learning and increased
retention of contents.
Effective mass media and learning aid at
any age.

PRI NCI PLES:
Should center on a single concept and
should be logical sequence.
Writing be based on readable level.
Should create interest, attractive and
objective is based on need of the
population.

ADVANATAGES:
Individualized learning.
High efficiency and easy to transport
Commonly and constantly availably.
Allow self-spacing.\

DI SADVANATGES
Some may throw it out.
Storing is found to be difficult
Demands good typing and no group
dynamic is encouraged.
Limited feedback
Cant be used for illiterate person.


SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
FLASH CARDS:
DEFI NI TI ON:
Flash cards are set of pictures with
suitable captions or a write up prepared on
any theme.

PURPOSES:
Used to attract a groups attention.
Convey in a sequential manner.
Supplementary aid in education
.
TYPES:
Plain, laminated ,synthetic flash cards
Made of heavy cloth and prepared form
old tins or metal cans.

ADVANTAGES:
Inexpensive easily transport
Handmade form local materials and holds
attention of the audience

DISADVANTAGES:
Effectiveness is influenced by way of
presentation.
Spoil if made of paper and cannot be used
for big audience



SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PURPOSES:
Basic information to the topic and
additional knowledge are provided.
Reinforces learning and increased
retention of contents.
Effective mass media and learning aid at
any age.

PRI NCI PLES:
Should center on a single concept and
should be logical sequence.
Writing be based on readable level.
Should create interest, attractive and
objective is based on need of the
population.

ADVANATAGES:
Individualized learning.
High efficiency and easy to transport
Commonly and constantly availably.
Allow self-spacing.\

DI SADVANATGES
Some may throw it out.
Storing is found to be difficult
Demands good typing and no group
dynamic is encouraged.
Limited feedback
Cant be used for illiterate person.


SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
7 10
mints
Describe about
graphic aids
Black Board:

DEFI NI TI ON:
It is any dark colored, flat, smooth surface
on which one can write or draw with
chalk.
It is one of the oldest and simplest visual
aids.

ADVANTAGES:
Simple to use with little practice.
Economic & reusable.
Easily avoidable & can be used any time.
Encourages active doing & seeing on part
of the audience.
Mistakes can be easily erased.

DISADVANTAGES:
Written material cannot be preserved.
Cannot be used for large audience.
Requires imagination, initiation, practice
& preparation.

explaining listening model Describe
about graphic
aids


SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
BULLIETIN BOARD:
DEFI NTI ON:
It is a display board, which shows
learning materials on a specific subject, which
is informational and has educational value.

PURPOSE:
Motivate the learner.
Broaden sensory experiences and provide
specific information, save time and
correlates instruction .

TYPES:
felt ,magentic, peg, plastic and soft board

MATERI ALS:
Board- soft board, straw board or cork
board.
Dimension- 1.5 mm *2mm size.\

ADVANTAGES:
Less expensive and stimulates interest of
the student.

DI SADVANTAGES:
Creativeness is requires and one person
has to take responsibility of display board



SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ROLLER BOARD
DEFI NI TI ON:
It is a type of chalk board made up of
flexible and soft material . It is lighter
than chalk board and can be folded and
rolled easily.

ADVANTAGES:
Easy to carry anywhere, use at anytime
and anywhere
Useful for small groups and less cost and
preparation done before the class.

DI SADVANTAGES:
Used for small groups and cannot write
more contents.


8 8
mints
Enumerate about
three dimensional
aids
THREE DIMENSIONAL AIDS:
MODELS:
DEFI NI TI ON:
A model is a life size miniature or an oversize
replica of the object to be studied.
TYPES :
Models are physical, conceptual, working and
non-working models.
PREPARATI ON:
Articles needed: Clay, painting material, brush,
adhesive material.


Explaining listening Power
point
Enumerate
about three
dimensional
aids

SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
PRI NCI PLES:
Size life size or larger and stimulate
interest
Represent the internal and external parts.
Modeling structure and function viewer
to comprehend better

METHODS:
China clay is used to prepare.
Left out for 4 to 5 days. Dry parts joined
with one another to for a model and
painted with fabric poster colors. At last it
should be labeled and fixed on the
cardboard
.
ADVANTAGES:
Makes learning meaningful and direct.
Illustrate application principle and laws
Explain complete and makes
comprehension easier.

DI SADVANTAGES:
Some models are difficult to make and
need expertise to make.
Expensive and lot of time to make
Handled carefully



SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
SPECIMEN:
DEFI NI TI ON:
Specimen is a part of an object. It may be
sample that shows quality or structural of
the actual.

PRI NCI PLES:
Direct real life experiences and should
enable the viewer to comprehend better.
Stimulate interest and direct experience
with reality.

USES:
Clear cut images, concrete experience,
motivates students to learning and
stimulates discussion.
ADVANTAGES:
Conveys different meanings and correct
initial concepts and clear cut images.
Stimulates reflective thinking and further
enquiry.

DI SADVANTAGES:
Collecting specimens may prove difficult
Specialized skills in preserving specimens
Needs proper handling
Expensive preserving agents



SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
MOULAGE:
It is made up of plastic material to stimulate
some life in
Objects. (eg) body which shows the evidence
of trauma ,
Infection , surgical intervention
MOCK UPS:
It emphasizes the functional relationship between
the device reality and its workability. Certain
element of the original reality is emphasized to
make it more meaningful for the purpose of
instruction.
In common usage, a mockup is a scale model of
a structure or device, usually used for teaching,
demonstration, testing a design, etc.
Mockups are also used in the Consumer goods
industry, as part of the product development
process, when the size, impression
and/or artworks have to be tested and approved.
Mockup is also a frequently used term when
talking about an early layout or sketch of a Web
site or GUI program.
Ex: An artificial kidney to demonstrate dialysis.
FIUPS






SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION

MUSEUM:
DEFI NI TI ON:
A museum is a building displaying a collection of
historical relics, antiques, curiosities, works of
arts, works of science, literature and other
artifacts of general interest.
Museums can be useful both for public education
and specific class room instructions.

SETTING UP MUSEUM:

o School should have enough space
o Take the help of students, collect old and
new objects and articles
o Accept donations from various
organizations who donates the articles
o Students can be guided to prepare the
exhibits
o All the collected and prepared articles
should be displayed and labeled
o A detailed report book should be
maintained giving a brief description of
each museum pieces
o The museum rooms should be well lighted
o It should be cleaned and maintained
timely.





SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
ti
DIORAMA:
DEFINITION:
A diorama is a three dimensional
arrangement of related objects, models, and
cut outs to illustrate a central theme or
concept.
The objects and models are generally placed
in a big box or show case with a glass
covering and background printed with a
shade or a scene. Ex: a harvest scene, a
planting scene etc.
ADVANTAGES:
Provide a good opportunity to learn
It gives the appearance of actual things
which can not be brought to the class
room
Interesting and enhance creativity
Live things also can shown in diorama
ex: aquarium
Provides students to do project works
DISADVANTAGES: sometimes cost
effective, Needs expatriation for the
preparation, Require budget
Sometimes it may misguide the student if is
not the replica of actual thing.


SI.NO TIME CONTRIBUTORY
OBJECTIVES
CONTENT TEACHERS
ACTIVITY
LEARNERS
ACTIVITY
AV AIDS EVALUATION
9 2
mints
Expound about the
role of non
projected aids in
nursing education
ROLE OF NON PROJECTED AIDS IN
NURSING EDUCATION:
1. Non projected aids and equipments appeal to
our senses and open better avenues to learning. It
has been rightly observed that the senses
gateways to all knowledge.
2. Non projected aids materials because of their
sensory appeal enable us to perceive information
in better way and increase the retention span of
learning.
3. Non projected aids the realities of our world to
classroom and make learning purposeful.
4. Non projected aids make abstract ideas
contract and their understanding is facilitated.
5. Non projected aids make learning quicker in
this age of knowledge-explosion.
6. Non projected aids materials are economical in
the long turn because of their repeat values and
coverage of large number of students.
7. Non projected aids supplement the teacher and
are used as complementary aids to normal
classroom teaching for reinforcing the spoken
and written words.
explaining listening Flip chart Expound
about the
role of non
projected
aids in
nursing
education

SUMMARY:
So far we have discussed about non projected aids, its classification, advantages and disadvantages
of each aid and the role of non projected aid in nursing education.

CONCLUSION:
Ideally, instructional aids should be designed to cover the key points and concepts. In addition, the
coverage should be straightforward and factual so it is easy for students to remember and recall. Non
projected aids are useful aids for teaching learning process.


.






ASSIGNMENT:
Write an assignment on role of non projected aids in nursing education

EVALUATION: Marks-25
Time- 1 Hour

I. Essay type 1X10=10
Define non projected aids, describe various types of non projected aids
II. Short notes 3X5=15

a. Write about graphic aids
b. Explain about display board
c. Describe about three dimensional aids



BIBLIOGRAPHY:-

1) B.T.Bavantappas Nursing Education, first edition, 2003, Jaypee brothers publication, New Delhi.
page no: 286-290

2) Francis M. Quinns The principles and practice in nursing education, third edition,
1997, Stanley thrones publications ltd., United Kingdom. page no:150-159

3) Loretta E. Heidgerkens Teaching and Learning in Nursing Education twelfth impression, 2003, Konark
publishers ltd, Delhi. Page no: 122-128

4) KP,Neerajas Text book of Nursing Education first edition,2003, Jaypee brothers medical
publishers, Delhi, page no: 208-215

5) Web site: Adrom audio visual aids.

6) WEB : Google search

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