Centre Number

For Examiners Use

Candidate Number

Surname
Other Names

Examiners Initials

Candidate Signature
Question

General Certificate of Secondary Education

Higher Tier
January 2013

Science B

BLY1H

Unit Biology B1

Biology

Unit Biology B1
Written Paper
Monday 28 January 2013

Mark

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
TOTAL

9.00 am to 9.45 am

For this paper you must have:

a ruler.
You may use a calculator.

Time allowed
45 minutes
Instructions
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Fill in the boxes at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
You must answer the questions in the spaces provided. Do not write
outside the box around each page or on blank pages.
Do all rough work in this book. Cross through any work you do not want
to be marked.
Information
The marks for questions are shown in brackets.
The maximum mark for this paper is 45.
You are expected to use a calculator where appropriate.
You are reminded of the need for good English and clear presentation in
your answers.
Advice
In all calculations, show clearly how you work out your answer.

(JAn13BLY1H01)

G/T83547

6/6/6/6/

BLY1H

Do not write
outside the
box

There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

(02)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

Do not write
outside the
box

Answer all questions in the spaces provided.

Deforestation affects the environment in many ways.

1 (a)

Deforestation increases the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Give two reasons why.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

1 (b)

Deforestation also results in a loss of biodiversity.

1 (b) (i)

What is meant by biodiversity?

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

1 (b) (ii) Give two reasons why it is important to prevent organisms becoming extinct.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

____
5

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

(03)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

4
2

Do not write
outside the
box

Many people who are overweight try slimming programmes.

A research study evaluated four different slimming programmes over 6 months.
Scientists selected a group of 40 people for each slimming programme and a control
group.
Each of the five groups was matched for age, gender and mass.
The graph shows the results of the study.

The graph is not reproduced here due to third-party copyright constraints.

2 (a)

Give two control variables that were used in this study.

1 .........................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

2 (b)

Give two conclusions that can be drawn from the results of this study.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

(04)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

5
2 (c)

Do not write
outside the
box

The costs of the four programmes were:

Atkins book cost 3

Rosemary Conley classes cost 140 for 6 months

Weight Watchers classes cost 170 for 6 months

Twice-daily Slim-Fast meal replacements cost 240 for 6 months.

Which is the most cost-effective of the four programmes?

............................................................................................................................................
Give two reasons for your answer.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
2 (d)

Some slimming programmes include daily exercise.

Explain how daily exercise helps a person to lose mass.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

____
8

Turn over for the next question

Turn over

(05)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

Do not write
outside the
box

Organisms have adaptations that enable them to survive in extreme conditions.

3 (a)

The photograph shows an arctic fox.

This fox lives in the Arctic, where it is very cold.

Suggest two ways in which the arctic fox is adapted for life in very cold conditions.
Explain how each adaptation helps the arctic fox to survive in very cold conditions.
Adaptation 1 .......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
How this adaptation helps the arctic fox to survive in very cold conditions.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
Adaptation 2 .......................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
How this adaptation helps the arctic fox to survive in very cold conditions.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(4 marks)

(06)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

7
3 (b)

Do not write
outside the
box

The photograph shows an antelope that lives in a sandy desert.

The antelope is prey to large cats such as cheetahs.

Suggest one adaptation that helps this antelope avoid being killed by predators.
Explain how this adaptation helps the antelope avoid being killed by predators.
Adaptation ..........................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
How this adaptation helps the antelope avoid being killed by predators.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

____
6

Turn over

(07)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

Do not write
outside the
box

Many people use recreational drugs.

4 (a)

Some recreational drugs are addictive.

4 (a) (i)

Give one example of a recreational drug that is very addictive.

............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

4 (a) (ii) People may suffer withdrawal symptoms when they become addicted to drugs.
How does the action of a drug make a person become addicted to it?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)
4 (b)

Some doctors think that smoking cannabis causes depression.

Doctors investigated the cannabis smoking habits of 1500 young adults.
The table shows the percentage of the cannabis smokers in the investigation who
became depressed.
Percentage
of men who
became
depressed

Percentage
of women
who became
depressed

16

More than 5 times, but less than

once per week

10

17

1 4 times per week

12

31

Every day

15

68

How many times the men or

women had smoked cannabis
in the last 12 months
Less than 5 times

From the data, give two conclusions that can be drawn about the relationship between
cannabis and depression.
1 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
2 .........................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

____
4

(08)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

9
5

Do not write
outside the
box

The diagram shows the structures involved in the knee-jerk reflex. When the person is
hit at point P, the lower leg is suddenly raised.
C

P
A

Stretch receptor

Muscle

5 (a)

Name the structures labelled A, B and C.

A ........................................................................................................................................
B ........................................................................................................................................
C ........................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

5 (b)

How is information passed across a synapse?

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

5 (c)

What is the effector in this response?

............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

____
5

Turn over

(09)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

10

Do not write
outside the
box

Some diseases can be cured by using antibiotics or prevented by vaccination.

6 (a) (i)

Explain fully why antibiotics cannot be used to cure viral diseases.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

6 (a) (ii) There has been a large increase in the populations of many antibiotic-resistant strains
of bacteria in recent years.
Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)
6 (b)

A person can be immunised against a disease by injecting them with an inactive form of
a pathogen.
Explain how this makes the person immune to the disease.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

____
7

(10)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

11
7

The drawings show two different species of butterfly.

Amauris

7 (a)

Do not write
outside the
box

Hypolimnas

Both species can be eaten by most birds.

Amauris has an unpleasant taste which birds do not like, so birds have learned not
to prey on it.
Hypolimnas does not have an unpleasant taste but most birds do not prey on it.

Suggest why most birds do not prey on Hypolimnas.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

7 (b)

Suggest an explanation, in terms of natural selection, for the markings on the wings of
Hypolimnas.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(3 marks)

____
5

Turn over

(11)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

12
8

Do not write
outside the
box

The diagram shows one method of producing herbicide-resistant crop plants.

Root tissue
cultured

Mature plant
(herbicidesusceptible)

Tissue split
into individual
cells

Herbicide-resistance
gene transferred
into cells

Cells multiply

Cells form embryos

Embryo grows into

a plant

Mature plant
(herbicideresistant)

8 (a)

The herbicide-resistance gene is cut out of a chromosome of a herbicide-resistant plant.

How is the herbicide-resistance gene cut out of the chromosome?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

(12)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

13
8 (b)

Do not write
outside the
box

Apart from having the herbicide-resistance gene, the herbicide-resistant plants are
identical to the herbicide-susceptible plants.
Explain why.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(2 marks)

8 (c)

Suggest one advantage to a farmer of growing herbicide-resistant crops.

............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

8 (d)

Many people are opposed to the growing of herbicide-resistant crops produced in this
way.
Suggest one reason why.
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
(1 mark)

____
5

END OF QUESTIONS

(13)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

14

Do not write
outside the
box

There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

(14)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

15

Do not write
outside the
box

There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

(15)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H

16

Do not write
outside the
box

There are no questions printed on this page

DO NOT WRITE ON THIS PAGE

ANSWER IN THE SPACES PROVIDED

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT OF COPYRIGHT-HOLDERS AND PUBLISHERS

Question 3a
Question 3b

Photograph: Frank Lukasseck/Corbis

Photograph: Charles ORear/Corbis
Copyright 2013 AQA and its licensors. All rights reserved.

(16)

G/T83547/Jan13/BLY1H