ANALISA NUMERIK TEKNIK KIMIA

Program Fortran 77 untuk Metode

Runge Kutta Merson dan Runge Kutta
Fehlberg

Ketty Ramadhany G. (03081003004)

2.4. An electric motor under steady load draws 9.7 amperes at 110 volts, delivering
1,25 hp of mechanical energy. What is the rate fo heat transfer from the motor, in kW?
Solution :
Dik
: i = 9.7 A
V = 110 volt
W dot mekanik = 1,25 hp = 932.1 W
Dit
: Q dot ?
Jawab : W dot elect = i . V
= 9,7 A . 110 volt
= 1067 W
Q dot= W dot elect - W dot mekanik
= 1067 W 932.1 W = 134,9 W
2.5. One mole of gas in a closed system undergoes a four-step thermodynamic cycle.
Use the data given in the following table to determine numerical values for the
missing quantities. i.e, fill in the blanks.
Step
Q/J
W/J
/J
12
23
34
41
1234

-200
?
?
4,700
?

?
-3,800
-800
?
?

Penyelesaian:

Step 1 - 2 :

= -200 J

W = -6,000 J
Q =?

=Q+W

Q=

W = -200 (-6,000) = 5800 j

Step 3 4 :

=?

W = 300
Q = -800

= Q + W = -800 +300 = -500 J

Step 2 3 :

=?

W =?
Q = -3,800

-6,000
?
300
?
-1,400

= 0 ( karena merupakan fungsi keadaan state ( state function ) yang

tidak bergantung dengan keadaan sebelumnya, maka :

=-

= -200 + 500 4,700 = -4,400 J

W=

= -4,400 + 3,800 = -600 J

Step 4 1 :

= 4,700 J

W =?
Q =?
W =

-1,400 = -6,000 600 300 +

Q=
Q =
Q = 5,800 3,800 800 800 = 400 J
Step
/J
12
23
34
41
1234

-200
-4,400
-500
4,700
0

Q/J

W/J

5,800
-3,800
-800
-800
400

-6,000
-600
300
5,500
-1,400

2.11. A tank containing 20 kg of water at 20 is fitted with a stirrer that deliver work
to teh water at the rate of 0,25 kW. How long does it take for the temperature of the
water to rise to 30 if no heat is lose from the water? For water. Cp = 4,18 kJ kg-1 1
.
Solution :
Dik
: m air = 20 kg
Wdot = 0,25 kW
To = 20
T1
= 30
Kerena Q = 0, maka U = Wdot
Dit
: ?
Jawab : U = Wdot
t

2.12. heat in the amount of 7.5 kj is added to a closed system while its internal energy
decreases by12 kj. How much energy is transferred as work? For process causing the
same change of state but for which the work is zero, how much heat is transferred?
Answer :
Diketahui : Q = 7.5 kj
U = - 12 kj
Ditanya : a. W ?
b. if W = 0, Q .?
Dijawab :
a. U = Q + W
-12 Kj = 7.5 Kj + W
W = -12 Kj 7.5 Kj
W = - 19.5 Kj
b. U = Q + W
-12 Kj = Q + 0
Q = - 12 Kj

W=0

2.13. A steel casting weighing 2 kg has an initial temperature of 500 oC; 40 kg of

water initially at 25 oC is contained in a perfectly insulated steel tank weighing 5 kg.
The casiting isimmersed in the water and the system is allowed to come to
equilibrium. What is its final temperature ? Ignore any effect of expansion or
contraction, and assume constant specific heats of 4.18 Kj/Kg for water and 0.5
Kj/Kg for steel.
Solution :
msteel = 2 kg
Tsteel = 500 oC = 773 K
Cpsteel = 0.5 kj/kg K
o
mwater = 40 kg
Ttank = 25 C = 298 K
Cpwater = 4.18 kj/kg K
mtank = 5 kg
Ta = temperatur akhir?
Qsteel = Qwater + Qtank
m steel . . Cp steel . T = m water . . Cp water T + m tank . Cp tank . T
2 kg . 0.5 kj/kg K . (773 Ta) = 40 kg . 4.18 kj/kg K/. (Ta 298) + 5 kg . 0.5
kj/kg K . (Ta 298)
(773 Ta) = 167.2 (Ta 298) + 2.5 (Ta 298)
170.7 Ta = 51343.6
Ta = 300,78 K = 27.78 oC
2.15. One kg of liquid water at 25C.
a. Experiences a temperature increase of 1 K. what is

in Kj?

b. Experiences a change in elevation z. the chamge in potential energy Ep is

the same as

for part (a). what is z, in meters?

c. Is accelerated from rest to final velocity v. The change in kinetic energy Ek is

the same as

for part (a). what is v in m/s?

Answer :
Diketahui : H2O (liquid) mass : 1 Kg
T = 25C = 298 K
Cv = 4.18 Kj/Kg. K
Ditanya :
a.

in kj .?

b. z in meters.?
c. v in m/s .?
Dijwawab :
a. T = 1 K
U = m . Cv . T
U = 1 kg . 4.18 Kj/Kg . K . 1K
= 4.18 Kj
b. Ep =
m.

. z =

1 kg . 9.8066 N/kg . z = 4.18 KJ

z = 426.24 m
c. Ek =
(m .

/ (2 . gc) =

( 1 kg.

/(2.1

) = 4180 J

v = 91.43 m/s
2.17 A hy droturbine operates with a head of 50 m of water. Inlet and outlet conduits
are 2m in diameter. Estimate the mevhanical power developed by the turbine for an
outlet velocity of 5 m/s .
Diketahui :
Z = 50 m
D =2m
V = 5 m/s
Air= 1000 kg/
Ditanya : W = ?
Penyelesaian :

A = phi

= 3,14

V = v x A = 5 m/s x 3,14

= 15,7

=m/V
m = x V = 1000 kg/
W = Ep = m

x 15,7

z = 15,7 x

W = 7,698 x

= 15,7 x

kg/s

kg/s x 9,8066 N/kg x 50 m

= 7,698 x

Kw

2.18. liquid water at 180C and 1002.7 kPa has an internal energy (on an arbitrary
scale) of 762.0 kj.kg and specific volume of 1128

/ gr.

a. what is its enthalpy?

b. the water is brought to the vapor state at 300C and 1500 kPa, where its internal
energy is 2784.4 Kj.Kg and its specific volume is 169.7

/gr. Calculate U and

for the process.

Answer :
Diketahui :
H2O(liquid), : T1 = 180 C
P1 = 1002.7 kPa
U = 762.0 Kj/Kg
V1 = 1128

/gr

Ditanya :
a. H1 .?
b. U and H .?
Dijawab :
a. H1 = U1 + P1 . V1
H1 = 762 kj / kg + 1002.7 kPa . 1128

/gr

H1 = 762 kj /kg + 1131045.6

R=

=1J/

. kPA

Jadi, H1 = 762 Kj/Kg + 1131045.6

H1 = 762 J / gr + 1131045.6 J / gr
H1 = 1131807.6 J / gr

.1J/

. kPA

b. H20(vapor), T2 = 300C
P2 = 1500 kPa
U= 2784.4 Kj/Kg
V2 = 169.7

/gr

H2 = U2 + P2. V2
H2 = 2784.4 Kj/Kg + 1500 kPa . 169.7
H2 = 2784.4 Kj/Kg + 254550

/gr

.1J/

. kPA

H2 = 257334.4 J / gr
Jadi, H = H2 H1
= 257334.4 J / gr - H1 = 1131807.6 J / gr
= - 874473.2 J / gr
U = U2 U1
= 2784.4 Kj/Kg - 762.0 Kj/Kg
= 2022.4 Kj/Kg
2.22. An incompressible ( = constant) liquid flows steadily through a conduit of
circular cross-section and increasing diameter. At location 1, the diameter is 2,5 cm
and the velocity is 2 m/s, at location 2, the diameter is 5 cm.
a. what is the velocity at location 2??
b. what is the kinetic energy change (J/kg) of the fluid between location 1 and 2?
Penyelesaian :
Diketahui :
= konstan
= 2,5 cm ;

= 1,25 x

= 5 cm

= 2,5 x

m
m

= 2 m/s
Ditanya :

a.

= ?

b.

= . ?

Jawab :
a.

= 3,14 x (1,25 x
= 3,14 x (2,5 x

m) = 4,90625 x
m) = 19,625 x

Karena = konstan, maka :

A1v1 A2 v 2

(4,90625 x

m) (2 m/s) = (19,625 x

m) v 2

m
m

v2 = 0,5 m/s
b. E k = E k 2 E k1
1 2
2 1
v1 = (0,5 m/s) - (2 m/s) = - 1,875 J/kg
= v2
2 2

2.23. A stream of warm water is produced in a steady flow mixing process by

combining 1 kg/s of cool water at 25 oC with 0.8 kg/s of hot water at 75 oC. During
mixing, heat is lost to surroundings at the rate of 30 Kj/s. What is the temperature of
the warm water stream ? Assume the specific heat of water constant at 4.18 Kj/Kg K
Solution :
mcw = 1 kg/s
Tcw = 25 oC = 298 K
Cpwater = 4.18 kj/kg K
o
mhw = 0.8 kg/s
Thw = 75 C = 348 K
Qlost = 30 kj/s
Qlepas = Qserap
m hw . Cp hw. T = m cw . . Cp cw . T + Qlost
0.8 kg/s . 4.18 kj/kg K . (348 T) = 1 kg/s . 4.18 kj/kg K . (T 298) + 30 kj/s
3.344 . (348 T) kj/s = 4.18 (T 298) kj/s + 30 kj/s
1163.712 3.344 T = 4.18 T- 1256,64 + 30
-7.524 T = 2379.352
T = 316.23 K = 43.23 oC
2.26. Fifty (50) kmol per hour of air is compressed from 1,2 bar to 6 bar in a steadyflow compressor. Delivered mechanical power is 98,8 kW. Temperature and velocities
are :
T1 = 300 K
T2 = 520 K
v1 = 10 m/s
v 2 = 3,5 m/s
Estimated the rate of heat transfer from the compressor. Assume for air that Cp = 7/2
R and that enthalpy is independent of pressure.
Penyelesaian :
T1 = 300 K
Diketahui :
T2 = 520 K
v1 = 10 m/s
v 2 = 3,5 m/s
n = 50 kmol/h = 0,014 kmol/s = 14 mol/s
W = 98,8 kW
BM udara = 29 kg/kmol
M = BM udara x mol = 0,014 kmol/s x 29 kg/kmol = 0,406 kg/s
Ditanya :
Q = . ?
Jawab :
H + Ek + Ep = Q + W
Asumsi : tidak ada ketinggian dianggap Ep = 0
Proses isokhorik maka W = 0
Sehingga :
H + Ek = Q
1
2

2
Q = (n.Cp.T) + m ( v 2

1 2
v1 )
2

= (14 mol/s . 7/2x8,314 J/mol K . (520 K 300 K)) + 0,406 kg/s (

3,5 2
10 2
m/ s
m/s )
2
2

= 89624,92 J 17,81 J = 89607,11 J.

2.28. Water flows through a horizontal coil heated from the outside by high
temperature flue gases. As it passes through the coil the water changes state from
liquid at 200 kPa and 80 C to vapor at 100 kPa and 125 C. Its entering velocity is 3
m/s and its exit velocity is 200 m/s. Determine the heat transferred through the coil
per unit mass of water. Entalpies of the inlet and outlets stream are :
Inlet : 334,9 kJ/kg ; outlet : 2726,55 kJ/kg.
Penyelesaian :
p1 = 200 kPa
Diketahui:
p 2 = 100 kPa
t1 = 80 C
t 2 = 125 C
v1 = 3 m/s
v 2 = 200 m/s
H 1 = 334,9 kJ/kg
H 2 = 2726,5 kJ/kg
Ditanya : Q = ?
Jawab :
H + Ek + Ep = Q + W
Asumsi : tidak ada ketinggian dianggap Ep = 0
Proses isokhorik maka W = 0
Sehingga :
H + Ek = Q
1
2

1 2
v1 )
2
200 2
32
m/s
m/s )
= (2726,5 334,9) kJ/kg + (
2
2

2
Q = ( H 2 - H 1 ) + ( v2

= 2391,6 kJ/kg + 19995,5 J/kg

= 2411,6 kJ/kg
2.30. In the following take Cv = 20,8 and Cp = 29,1 J/mol C for nitrogen gas:
a. 3 moles of nitrogen at 30C, contained in a rigid vessel, is heated to 250C. How
much heat is required if the vessel has a negligible heat capacity? If the vessel weight
100 kg and has a heat capacity of 0,5 kJ/kgC, how much heat is required?
b. four moles of nitrogen at 200C is contained on a piston/cylinder arrangement.
How much heat must be extracted from this system, which is kept at constant
pressure, to cool it to 40C if the heat capacity of piston and cylinder is neglected?
Penyelesaian :
a. Diketahui :
n = 3 mol N 2
t1 = 30 C
t 2 = 250 C
m vessel = 100 kg
Cv vessel= 0,5 kJ/kgC
Cp N 2 = 20,8 J/molC

Cv N 2 = 29,1 J/molC
Ditanya : Q N 2 = ?
Q vessel + N 2 = . ?
Jawab :
Asumsi proses secara isokhorik, maka Q = U = n . Cv . t
Q N 2 = n . Cv . t
= 3 mol . 20,8 J/molC . (250 30) C = 13,728 kJ
Q vessel = m . Cv. t
= 100 kg . 0,5 kJ/kgC . (250 30) C = 11.000 kJ
Q total = Q vessel + Q N 2
= 13,728 kJ + 11.000 kJ = 11013,728 kJ
b. Diketahui :

n = 4 mol
t1 = 200 C
t 2 = 40 C
p1 p 2

Ditanya : Q = .?
Jawab : Proses secara isobar karena p konstan, maka :
Q = H = n . Cp . t
= 4 mol . 29,1 J/molC . (40 200) C
= - 18,624 kJ
2.31. In the following take Cv = 5 and Cp = 7 Btu/lbmol F for nitrogen gas:
a. 3 pound moles of nitrogen at 70F, contained in a rigid vessel, is heated to 350F.
How much heat is required if the vessel has a negligible heat capacity? If the vessel
weight 200 lbm and has a heat capacity of 0,12 Btu/lbmF, how much heat is
required?
b. Four pound moles of nitrogen at 400F is contained on a piston/cylinder
arrangement. How much heat must be extracted from this system, which is kept at
constant pressure, to cool it to 150F if the heat capacity of piston and cylinder is
neglected?
Penyelesaian :
a. Diketahui :
n = 3 lbmol N 2
t1 = 70 F
t 2 = 350 F
m vessel = 200 lbm
Cv vessel= 0,12 Btu/lbmol F
Cp N 2 = 7 Btu/lbmol F
Cv N 2 = 5 Btu/lbmol F
Ditanya : Q N 2 = ?
Q vessel + N 2 = . ?
Jawab :
Asumsi proses secara isokhorik, maka Q = U = n . Cv . t
Q N 2 = n . Cv . t
= 3 lbmol . 5 Btu/lbmol F. (350 70) F = 4200 Btu
Q vessel = m . Cv. t

= 200 lbm . 0,12 Btu/lbmol F. (350 70) F = 6720 Btu

Q total = Q vessel + Q N 2
= 4200 Btu + 6720 Btu = 10920 Btu
b. Diketahui :

n = 4 lb mol
t1 = 400 F
t 2 = 150 F
p1 p 2

Ditanya : Q = .?
Jawab : Proses secara isobar karena p konstan, maka :
Q = H = n . Cp . t
= 4 lbmol . 7 Btu/lbmol F. (150 400) F
= -7000 Btu
2.33. Steam at 200 psia and 600 oF (state 1) enters a turbine through a 3 inch
diameter pipe with a velocity of 10 ft/s. The exhaust from the turbine is carried
through a 10 inch diameter pipe and is at 5 psia and 200 oF (state 2). What is the
power output of the turbine ?
H1 = 1322.6 Btu/lbm
V1 = 3058 ft3/lbm
H2 = 1148.6 btu/lbm
V2 = 78.14 ft3/lbm

Solution :
state 1
d = 3 inch
v1 = 10 ft/s
steam 200 psia 600 oF
H1 = 1322.6 Btu/lbm
H2 = 1148.6 btu/lbm
A1 v1 = A2 v2
. v1 =

state 2
d = 10 inch
P = 5 psia
V1 = 3.058 ft3/lbm
V2 = 78.14 ft3/lbm

. v2
v2

v2 = 0.9 ft/s
EK = m 2
= (0.92 -

) ft2/s2

= -49.595 ft2/s2
Ep = 0, dengan asumsi tidak ada perubahan ketinggian

=
= (H2 H1) (P2V2 P1V1)
(1148.6 1322.6)Btu/lbm ((5 . 78.14) (200 . 3.058) psia ft3/lbm
mana 5.402 psia ft3 /lbm = 1 btu /lbm
-174 btu/lbm + 40.878 btu/lbm
- 133.122 btu/lbm
Q = m . C . T
Q/m = C . T
Q/m = 1 btu/lbm oF (200 oF 600 oF)
Q/m = -400 btu/lbm
-133.122 + (-49.595) + 0 = -400 + W
W = 217.283 btu/lbm
2.36. One kilogram of air is heated reversibly at constant pressure from an mitial state
of 300 K and 1 bar until its volume triples. Calculate W, Q, U and H for the
process. Assume for air that PV/T = 83,14 bar
Diketahui :

T1 = 300K
P1 = 1 bar
PV/T = 83,14 bar

Ditanya :

/mol K

Cp = 29 J/mol K
W=?
Q=?
U = ?
H = ?

Penyelesaian :
Tekanan konstan P1 = P 2 dan V2 = 3V1

T2 = 900 K

/mol K and Cp = 29 J/mol K.

V1 = 83,14 bar

/mol K x 300 K = 24942

/mol = 24942 x

1 bar
V2 = 3V1 = 3 x 24942 x

/mol = 0,074826

H = m Cp T = 1 x 29 J/mol K x (900 300) K

H = 29 J/mol K x 600 K = 17400 J/mol
W = P x V = 1 bar x (74826 24942 )
W = 49884 bar

/mol

/mol = 4988,4 J/mol

Ep = 0 joule
Ek = 0 joule
H + Ek + Ep = Q + W
17400 J/mol + 0 + 0 = Q + 4988,4 J/mol
Q = 12411,6 J/mol
Cp = Cv + R
Cv = Cp R = (29 8,314) J/mol K = 20,686 J/mol K
U = m Cv T
U = 1 x 20,686 J/mol K x (900 300) K
U = 20,686 J/mol K x 600 K = 12411,6 J/mol

/mol

/mol