1.

What is the earliest indication of Volkmann's ischaemia:

A Pain
Pallor and poor capillary filling
Paraesthesia in median nerve area
D Contracture of fingers
E Gnagrene of tips of fingers.

A Earliest sign of vascular compromise is persistent pain which is exacerbated on passive extension
of fingers. Action must be taken at this stage. Pallor, poor capillary filling, absent radial pulse and
paraesthesia in median nerve area are also early signs but may not be present in every case and one
should not wait for these signs. Contracture and gangrne is a very late phenomenon.
2) Commonest complication while using external fixator is:
A Pin tract infection
Compartment syndrome
Loosening of pins
D Fixation of muscles
E Joint stiffness.

A Pin tract infection is by far the commonest problem. In addition to complications mentioned,
neurovascular damage can occur while inserting the pins and refracture can occur after removal of
fixator.
3) A patient who has sustained open wound on leg is bleeding
profusely. Before patient arrives in hospital the safest
method to stop bleeding is:
A Elevation of leg
Local pressure on wound and elevation of leg
Ligation of bleeding vessel
D Use of tourniquet
E Pressure over femoral artery in groin.

Local pressure on wound and elevation of leg is the safest and most effective method to stop
bleeding. Tourniquet can be dangerous if not properly used. Elevation alone and local pressure on
femoral artery is ineffective.
4) What is the commonest complication of supracondyla
fracture of humerus:
A Malunion
Myositis ossificans
Stiffness of elbow
D Volkmann's contracture
E Non union.

A Mal union, especially rotational malalignment; is the commonest complication and results in the
deformity of cubitus varus. Non union is very rare and all other complications are not common, Most
serious complication is Volkmann's iscnaemia

5) Which of the following is true about Monteggia fracture:
A It is usually associated with posterior interosseous nerve
paralysis
It can be usually treated conservatively in adults
It is not an injury of children
D It is a combination of fracture of radius with distal radio-ulnar joint
dislocation
E It is a combination of fractures of proximal ulna with dislocation with superior radio-ulner joint

Ans: E Monteggia fracture comprises of fracture of proximal ulna with dislocation of radial head. It
can occur in children. In adults most of cases will need internal fixation of ulna whereas in children most
can be treated conservatively. It is also not normally associated with posterior interosseous nerve
paralysis.
6) Commonest complication while using external fixator is:
A Pin tract infection
Compartment syndrome
loosening of pins
D Fixation of muscles
E Joint stiffness.

A Pin tract infection is by far the commonest problem. In addition to complications mentioned,
neurovascular damage can occur while inserting the pins and refracture can occur after removal of
fixato
7) Fracture is a break in the normal
a) Structure of the bone
b) Continuity of the bone
c) Volkmann canals of the bone

d) Medullary canal of the bone
e) Cortex of the bone
Ans
8) In shoulder dislocations the head of the shoulder commonly dislocates
a) Anteriroly
b) Posteriorly
c) Superiorly
d) Inferiorly
e) Centrally
. In hip dislocations the head of the femur commonly dislocates
a) Anteriroly
9) With regard to compartment syndromes, which symptom or examination
finding is reliable in making the diagnosis?
A Pain on passive stretch
B Tight compartments
C Pain out of proportion to injury
D There is no one finding that is reliable
10) In the process of healing of a fracture the woven bone that is formed is called
a) Callous
b) Talus
c) Granulation tissue
d) Fibrous tissue
e) Hy
10) In fracture shaft of the humerus always look for sign of injury to
a) Ulnar nerve
b) Median nerve
c) Radial artery
d) Radial nerve
e) Shoulder joint
11) With conservative methods of treatments of fractures the joints are more likely to develop: -
a) Degeneration
b) Arthritis
c) Fibrosis
d) Gout
e) Stiffness
11) In montaggia fraction there is fracture of upper one third of ulna with:
a) Dislocation of inferior radioulnar joint
b) Dislocation of the wrist joint
c) Dislocation of the rado humoral joint
d) Injury to posterior interossious nerve
e) Injury to radial artery
12) Collies fracture is the fracture of the distal
a) Radius
b) Ulna
c) Humerus
d) Tibia
e) Fibula
13) In subcapital fracture of the neck of the femur surgery
a) Is never done
b) Is the first option
c) Should be done
d) If other options failed
e) Is done after one month
f) Is done after three months
14) For pertrocanteric fractures of the femur the implant used for fixation is known as
a) Static hip screw
b) Compression hip screw
c) Dynamic hip screw
d) Plate and screw
e) The hip screw
15) With conservative methods of treatments of fractures the joints are more likely to develop: -
a) Degeneration
b) Arthritis
c) Fibrosis
d) Gout
e) Stiffness
16) With conservative methods of treatments of fractures the joints are more likely to develop: -
a) Degeneration
b) Arthritis
c) Fibrosis
d) Gout
e) Stiffness