Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, is a gram-positive bacterium that causes diseases like pharyngitis and rheumatic fever. It exhibits complete hemolysis on blood agar and has M protein on its cell wall that aids virulence and prevents opsonization. Diagnosis involves obtaining a throat swab sample, culturing it on blood agar, observing β-hemolysis, and confirming identification through a positive bacitracin test and negative catalase test. Other bacterial and viral pathogens can also cause acute tonsilopharyngitis.
Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, is a gram-positive bacterium that causes diseases like pharyngitis and rheumatic fever. It exhibits complete hemolysis on blood agar and has M protein on its cell wall that aids virulence and prevents opsonization. Diagnosis involves obtaining a throat swab sample, culturing it on blood agar, observing β-hemolysis, and confirming identification through a positive bacitracin test and negative catalase test. Other bacterial and viral pathogens can also cause acute tonsilopharyngitis.
Group A β-hemolytic streptococcus, or Streptococcus pyogenes, is a gram-positive bacterium that causes diseases like pharyngitis and rheumatic fever. It exhibits complete hemolysis on blood agar and has M protein on its cell wall that aids virulence and prevents opsonization. Diagnosis involves obtaining a throat swab sample, culturing it on blood agar, observing β-hemolysis, and confirming identification through a positive bacitracin test and negative catalase test. Other bacterial and viral pathogens can also cause acute tonsilopharyngitis.
Group Specific Substance: Group A Name of Bacteria: Streptococcus pyogenes, family Streptocococcaceae) Hemolysis: hemolysis (complete hemolysis) Habitat: Normal flora in throat and skin Transmission: Direct contact from person to person Lab criteria: Large colonies inhibited by bacitracin test Common Diseases: Pharyngitis, Rheumatic Fever, Glomerulonephritis
Group A Streptococcus: - Gram Positive bacteria that forms single, pairs, or chains in the forms of coccus - Facultative anaerob - They can lose the gram positivity, and may be gram negative when they are dead - -hemolytic means complete hemolysis. So, it exhibits a clear colony on blood agar
GROUP A -HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCUS| Tutorial B-1 RS
130110110177|Gabriella Chafrina| 11/11/13 - Have 3 types of antigen/substance/proteins that has different functions: o M protein On peptidoglycan essential to virulence (80 serotypes) Appear as hair like projections of the streptococcal cell wall Predicts virulence of the bacteria Group A streptococcus has got a few M protein. Hence, not so virulent Consist of different types of strain of M protein M protein is heat and acid resistant Anti-phagocytic Host antibodies protect from infection Prevent opsonization o Bacterial capsule Hyaluronic Acid Impedes phagocytosis in the body o Lipotheichoic Acid Fimbriae: consist M protein and enclosed by LTA help attachment to cell host Aids in adherence of bacteria on epithelial cells Aids in the adherence of bacteria on pharyngeal epithelium Fibronectin/protein F: prevent attachment - Toxin and enzyme produced: o Hemolysin: Streptolysin O and S can lysis tissue cell, leukocyte, and platelet o C 52 peptidase o Streptokinase enhances tissue penetration o Streptodornase for self-protect from immune system o Hyaluronidase solubilies tissue ground substance and quicker in invasion o Pyrogenic exotoxin o Erythrogenic toxin causes rash - Diagnosis o From sample (throat swab) o Medium (blood agar) o Gram staining (gram positive) o Bacitracin test: -hemolysis (clear zone) o Catalase test negative
Other bacterial causes Acute Tonsilopharyngitis are Bacteroides species, non-typable H influenza and Moraxella specie. The viral causes can be any of the following: adenovirus, coxsackievirus parainfluenzae, and respiratory syncitial virus. Among the viral causes, the Epstein Barr Virus greatly mimics a bacterial infection.