Stealth Elliptic Curves and The Quantum Fields

Thierno M. SOW

F ebruary.13
ABC

June.8
Goldbach
2013
August.6
Riemann

December.13 Erdos Straus

Abstract
The complete abstract was accepted by the organizing committee of
the International Congress of Mathematicians as a part of the short
communications at Coex in Seoul 2014.
The present paper is a series of preprints called SO PRIME. The goal
of which is to build and to applied a new and strong approach in number
theory according to the ABC Conjecture, the Beal Conjecture, the ErdosStraus Conjecture, the Goldbach Conjecture, the Riemann Hypothesis
and the Twin Primes Innity. So far, as a major advance result, we
can observe how to break through the RSA cryptography protocol.
Finally, as the consequence of the Riemann Hypothesis we will give, in the
next article, a complete statement on the Prime Number Theorem (N ).
Mathematics Subject Classication 2010 codes: Primary: 11MXX; Secondary: 11P32, 11D68
We dedicate the present article to the vivid memory of

Nelson Mandela

Contents

1 INTRODUCTION
2 THE ABC CONJECTURE

3
4

2.1

DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.2

THE FORMULATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3

THE NEW APPROACH

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

THE DIAMOND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2.3.1

3 THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS

3.1

FORMS AND SHAPES OF THE RIEMANN ZETA . . . . . . .

3.2

Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4 THE GOLDBACH CONJECTURE

6
7

4.1

DEFINITION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4.2

THE STATEMENT

4.3

THE GOLDBACH STAIRS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10

4.4

THE GOLDBACH CORRELATIONS

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11

4.4.1

ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND MOLECULES . . . . . . . .

11

4.4.2

Miscellanous

11

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5 THE ERDOS-STRAUS PROBLEM

5.1

NOTATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5.2

THE STATEMENT

5.3

THE ERDOS-STRAUS PLOT

5.4

BEYOND THE ERDOS-STRAUS PROBLEM

5.2.1

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

FIXING THE TRIPLES X,Y,Z . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12

12

12
13
14

. . . . . . . . . .

16

5.4.1

GOLDBACH AND THE ESP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17

5.4.2

THE BEAL CONJECTURE

5.4.3

THE BIRCH AND SWINNERTON-DYER

5.4.4

A VULNERABILITY IN THE RSA CRYPTOGRAPHY

18

5.4.5

THE RSA AND THE PRIME NUMBER THEOREM . .

18

5.4.6

THE ESP OVER THE QUANTUM FIELDS . . . . . . .

18

6 CONCLUSION

. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . . . . .

17
18

19

INTRODUCTION
1

The original manuscript is over 727 pages long , using very tough demonstrations and complicated gures.

Nevertheless, we do believe that Mathematics

result on a careful analysis. In particular, the complexity is not mathematical

since Mathematics are about the truth. One way to see this is to consider the

Fermat last theorem

. So, let us give an explicit proof to the little theorem.

We assume: There are no coprime solutions to the equation

the sum of the exponents equals to

with

n > 1.

Along this line, In 1657, Fermat wrote back to

Cureau

xn + y n = z n

since

that he was in agree-

ment that nature always acts by the shortest and simplest path. It turns out
that Fermat had founded, with a brilliant sense of humours, that the margin is
too large.... We do believe that Fermat,

Gauss

and

Euler

knew this theorem.

As another interesting example, let's consider the character of the famous

irrational number

which is used in the present article. Under suitable loga-

rithms conditions, we assume: For any function

f ()and

"
+

1
)
log(
f ()d =
1

log( )

constant

>1

f ()d,

(1)

where

= ( )2 .
Now, if we build a new set of primes on the form

2p + 3,

according to the

African fractions and the Twin Primes conjecture, we assume: for every pair of

twin primes

x, y

there exists

positive integers such that

1 1 1
+ +
x y

=
where

denotes the product of

x, y,

and

(2)

is a

twin prime

With a usefull smart algorithm we can generate the following partition


2 1
 3 11 
17
5
19
503


71
16
73 7487

x
y


3 2
 5 31 
29
7
31
1319


101
7
103 11831


5 3
 7 71 
41 11
 43 2687 
101
9
103 12239


11 4
 13 239 
59 14
 61 5279 
101
36
103 17747

At last, the complete proof will be very signicant to testify the deep connections between twin primes and they innitude.

1 thierno.sow@sciences-po.org

10@one-zero.eu 3

AT X
www.one-zero.eu - - Typeset L
E

THE ABC CONJECTURE

2.1

DEFINITION

We shall denote the new stealth elliptic curves of the (a,b,c) triples by

...

. We

abc
shall write

...

for the quality triples of (a,b,c).

abc

2.2

THE FORMULATION

The formulation of the abc-conjecture is : For every

many triples of coprime positive integers

a+b = c

> 0, there are only nitely

c > d1+ , where

such that

denotes the product of the distinct prime factors of abc.

Theorem 4.

such that

There are no triples of coprime positive integers

a+b = c

c > d1+ .

Proof.

d1+ =
2.3

1
1
log( c )

=
+ < 1 < c.
2abc
ac
bc
log(
)

(3)

THE NEW APPROACH

Theorem 5. The Mode Smart I. Let 1 < < 2

...

abc

=|

...

abc

b n
a
| + | |n = 1 + .
c
b

(4)

Theorem 6. The Mode Smart II. The highest quality triples

Q = lim |

...

abc

q1

c
|= 1 + .
b

Q 1.

...

abc
(5)

Proof.

Q =

...

abc

If

a = 1,

log( c )

log( ab )

(6)

"
#

log(
)

=
1+
log( bc )

a>1

ab

bc

then replace

by

Example 1 & 2

...

a>1

abc

...

With

abc

1, 00 1, 00
1, 00 1, 00

2ab

3
1

and

by

n=1
c

13.712
216
2
2 .11 .61 310
3

2bc .

2.3.1 THE DIAMOND

We observe that

...

has the properties and the polyhedric forms of a diamond.

abc
For the physical relevance, we observe a polygon form and amplitude which
has the properties of the triangle and the square with a strong triangulation in
dual space-time. May it be the perfect path and skills of the next generation of
stealth aircrafts. Hopefully, we assume that this new structure of stealth elliptic

curves has the same singularity of the

Amplituhedron
W

well re-introduced in

Physics by Nima Arkani-Hamed and his research group. Until we learn much
more about this IFS Fractal or this DOGU gure:

edric-

Di

amond?

W. MAHDI

shall be it's name.

3D Graph of ...

abc

hat is this

atter-

tom-

THE RIEMANN HYPOTHESIS

In 1859,

Bernhard Riemann

founded that the distribution of prime num-

bers follows a relatively straightfoward residue characteristic of the qualitative

properties of an function called the Riemann Zeta function. The Riemann Hypothesis asserts that the real part of any nonreal zero of the Riemann Zeta
function is 1/2 such that

(s) =

Theorem 7.

n=1

1
.
ns

is log(n1 )
ds = (s)
log(n2s )

hence

(s) =

(7)

f (s)ds

1 is log(n1 )

+
n>1

2
log(n2s )

1 is log(n1 )

2
log(n2s )

(8)

(9)

i=1

Proof. The abc and the Riemann hypothesis are related to one another by
means of the formula

d1+ =
|
Where

log( 1 )

log( ab )

b log( 1 ) 1
(abc) =
=2 .
log( ab )
{z
}

(10)

a > 1.

Nevertheless, we can oberve in the abc conjecture the special cases where

a=1

log 1
log 1
1
log 1
log 1
1

 3  +
 3  =
+
+
+
3ac
3bc
log (
) log 2 ac
log (
) log 2 bc
ac bc

(11)

hence with the Riemann Hypothesis we have

d1+ =
|

b/2 log( 1 )
log( 1 )

(abc)
=
= 12 .
log( ab )
log( ab )
{z
}

(12)

The second proof is given by the means of the new RSA factorization technique well introduced in the next sections.

3.1

FORMS AND SHAPES OF THE RIEMANN ZETA

Polar & 3D Graph of Riemann Zeta

is log(n1 )
ds = (s)
log(n2s )

f (s)ds

(13)

3.2

Miscellaneous

That is to say, the Riemann Zeta fonction has the similar topology and the
homeomorphic surface of a
space.

Mobius strip

. It can be modeled in 3-dimensional

It will result at the nonreal zero spectrum both separate strips along

the center line with two surfaces and two boundaries. Finally, the edge of the

Riemann strip
Z
gure

like

has several smart properties, highlighting the perfect innity

The Spectrum

THE GOLDBACH CONJECTURE

4.1

DEFINITION

The expression

G
|{z}

integer greater than

may be understood as referring to the Goldbach's even

2.

We shall write

n .

denote the pairs of primes by

G2

a,b
partition. The underbrace 

4.2

. We shall

|{z}

G to represent the Goldbach

|{z}

 in the notation may be thought of as denoting

the residue of a Goldbach's even integer.

even integer

for the square part of

We shall write

Then, we shall write

Gc
|{z}

for the

2
a,ba0 ,b0
, for the set of

pairs of primes satisfying the relation

a+b=c

a0 +b0 =c .

THE STATEMENT

Christian Goldbach
Leonard Euler
two strong proof

wrote a letter to Leonard Euler, as of June 7, 1742, but,

we do know that it's

himself who formulated the terms of one of

the most popular conjecture in number theory. As the consequence of the article
the Prime Square, we propose

of the Goldbach conjecture.

The second proof is given by the means of the Erdos-Straus theorem which will
be clearly introduced in the next section.

Theorem 8.

and

For every even integer greater than two, there exists a real

prime such that

G = lim
|{z}

hence

!
log( )
p
2+
log( )




log( )

2+
f ()d = |{z}
G
f ()d.
log( )
1
1

(14)

(15)

4.3

THE GOLDBACH STAIRS

Polar of the Goldbach function




log( )

2+
f ()d = |{z}
G
f ()d.
log( )
1
1

(16)

3D Graph of the Goldbach function

The Goldbach function is the perfect illustration of some natural elements

like the nautilus, the snail, the staircase of a green lighthouse or a modern
escalator and above all the logarithmic spiral.

10

4.4

THE GOLDBACH CORRELATIONS

4.4.1 ATOMS, ELEMENTS AND MOLECULES

The pair of primes

around the even numbers are similar, in many dierent

ways, to the molecules and the atoms elds. So, the Goldbach Theorem remains
of interest for the deep connections between primes and the atoms it would
prove. The following are examples of the Goldbach connections.
Figure 4.1:

Figure 4.2:

Figure 4.3:

4.4.2 Miscellanous
The importance of the Goldbach Theorem cannot be overstated. Many other
techniques may be used to demonstrate such structures correlations with the
Goldbach Partition more eectively in Physics and Mathematics including the
Design and the High-Tech Industry. Let us observe for example the square part
of the

G4
|{z}

as illustrated below:

1
2,2

11

THE ERDOS-STRAUS PROBLEM

5.1

NOTATION

The expression

G
|{z}

may be understood as referring to the Goldbach's even

integer greater than 2. We shall write

for the quality of the Erdos-Straus

xyz
triples. The expression

may be thought of as denoting the Erdos-Straus el-

evator. Then, we shall write

4
n

!
or

4 ex
n ey
Q ez

for the matrices of the

Erdos-Straus triples.

5.2

THE STATEMENT

n 2, there
4
1 1 1
exists x, y, z positive integers such that
= + + .
n x y z
For all integers n 2 there exists x, y, z positive integers such
that 4/n = 1/x + 1/y + 1/z if and only if n couldn't divide the sum of x, y, z and
The formulation of the Erdos-Straus conjecture is: for all integers

Theorem 9.

(xyz)
(n?)

12

= 4.

(17)

More precisely, there exists two major set for the Erdos-Straus triples

x, y, z

such that

2x = z?

(18)

x = z?

(19)

and

We note the importance of

and the clue number

in the both sides of the

equation. For example

x
2
2

z
2x
z?
20 2.2.20 = 4.20
10 2.2.5 = 2.10
{z
}

y
4
5

4/5

For the

z=1=

1 4
1 6
2 2

case, which means that

1 1
+
2 2

such that

12
6
3

n.y
6
2.3
{z

= x.z
= 6.1
= 2.3
}

4/3

1 1 1 1
4
= + + + ,
n x y z

one integer

or

or

= 2.

5.2.1 FIXING THE TRIPLES X,Y,Z

As we learn it from the Topology, counting the Erdos-Straus triples does not
make sense as well as the physical dimensions have no eect on the mathematical
problem. Then, we begin by xing the set of the Erdos-Straus triples such that

x, y

and

are constants and

4
1
=
,
n QN
e

(20)

where

1
Q

denotes the quarter part of the Erdos-Straus triples.

Theorem 10. With e 6= 3

N
H

1
4
=
.
n
1 1 1N
+ + e
4 2 4H
Proof.

(21)

4
log( 1 )

=
.
n log( 2Q )

(22)

Hence

1
0, 5

4
2
0, 5
{z
4/2





1
4
1
4
1
0
2
3
5
1 ,
1 ,
1 .
0, 75
1, 25
1
0, 75 0
1, 25 2
} |
{z
} |
{z
}
4/3

13

4/5

5.3

THE ERDOS-STRAUS PLOT

Polar of the Erdos-Straus Problem (ESP)

14

Diving into the polar of

4
proves that the ESP function will follow a straightn

forward residue around zero which is very similar to the supersonic wave with
the edge of the cone forms of the diraction of a
sonic velocity (faster than the speed of sound).

shock wave
The NASA is studying and
moving at super-

testing devices that could be used on aircraft to lessen the noise and window-

rattling eects of supersonic ight . We assume that the Erdos-Straus theorem

may be used to determine the Mach angle and the edge at the vertex of the
shock cone.

15

The sinusoidal waves correspond to the harmonic phenomena between the

set of all Erdos-Straus triples and, nally, may be consider as a new way to put
quantum gravity predictions to experimental tests.

Time and Space by the Erdos-Straus Problem (ESP)

5.4

BEYOND THE ERDOS-STRAUS PROBLEM

The Erdos-Straus statement is one of the most powerful master key in number
theory.

What's more, let us observe how it can be applied to some related

16

conjectures like the Goldbach conjecture, the Beal conjecture and the Birch and
Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture as well.

5.4.1 GOLDBACH AND THE ESP

Theorem 11. Let n = a + b where a and b primes then, for every integer
n>3

there exists an even integer

G
|{z}

such that

G
log( |{z} )
.
a+b=2+
| {z }
log( 2 )

(23)

Proof.

G +23
G
3
log( |{z}
)
log( 2 )
log( |{z} )

q
+
= 1.
=
2( G +23 )
2 log( 2n ) 2 log( 2n )
|{z}
log(
)

(24)

5.4.2 THE BEAL CONJECTURE

Andrew Beal

has formulated a strong conjecture so close to several similar

problems in number theory. This inequality can be stated in very simple terms
and it can be applied to some related conjectures. So far, the Beal Conjecture
can be formulated as follows:

Ax + B y = C z , where A,B,C, x, y and z

x, y, z > 2, then A, B and C have a common factor.
If

are positive integers with

For example, the connections between both diophantine equations

and

3 +6 =3

are true, we know that. It can be expressed as below:

Theorem 12.
Proof.

1+23 = 32

4
log( (A +B +C ) )
p
.
=
2
4
log( C z )

proves that A, B and C have a common factor since

(25)
2

= Cz .

We have the expected result with the primes triples and the pythagorean
triples.

17

5.4.3 THE BIRCH AND SWINNERTON-DYER

Theorem 13.


y 2 + n2 x + x3
x32

= 4.

(26)

5.4.4 A VULNERABILITY IN THE RSA CRYPTOGRAPHY

Theorem 14. For every odd number on the form N = pq, where p and q are
primes, there exists

+e

such that

+e=
H

where

1 1
1
+ +
p p 2p

1
1 1
+ +
q q 2q

is any positive integer and

(27)

may takes only the both values

2+ 2

7+ 1
2

This is an explicit proof which testify the

the RSA

(28)

very serious vulnerability of

cryptographic technique. In the next article, we will release an inno-

vative security system to reinforce the RSA software encryption technique.

5.4.5 THE RSA AND THE PRIME NUMBER THEOREM

The previous theorem has a huge consequence in number theory since the relation fails only if

is

Prime

Although, it is the perfect ilustration of the veracity of the Riemann Hypothesis since the set is on the form

1
+ it.
2

(29)

5.4.6 THE ESP OVER THE QUANTUM FIELDS

The major keynote of the Erdos-Straus theorem may be understood as a new
particle physics hypothesis since every particle

may exists simultaneously at

dierent points in the space represented by the three cordinates

1 1 1
+ + . In the
x y z

present article we give an explicit illustration of the deep connections between

the Erdos-Straus theorem and the synodic period and phases of the Moon. If it

18

becomes true by the light of the physical experiments, it will conrm that any
point around an elliptic surface like the planets can be reached by means of the

Four Seasons Theorem.

Finally, it may change our way to navigate and to

communicate beyond the globe.

CONCLUSION

Since we know, by the light of the African fractions, how to rewind and to
surround the innity between

and

1,

then, a new age in number theory and

cryptography begins.

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65-124.
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The Beal

Conjecture and Prize Problem . Not. Amer. Math. Soc. 44, 1436-1437, 1997.
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19