แผนการจัดการเรียนรูที่ 8

เรื่องหลัก / หัวเรื่อง The Changing Year ชั้นมัธยมศึกษาปที่ 5

หนวยการเรียนรูที่ 5 The Changing Year
แผนการเรียนรูเรื่อง Conclusion. เวลา 1 ชั่วโมง
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1. สาระสําคัญ
การอานบทความที่เปนภาษาอื่น ถาผูอานมีความรูในเรื่องนั้นในภาษาของตนอยูบาง จะ
ชวยใหผูอานเขาใจเรื่องที่อานงายขึ้น
2. จุดประสงคการเรียนรู
2.1 จุดประสงคปลายทาง
2.1.1 นักเรียนสามารถบอกใจความสําคัญและรายละเอียดจากเรื่องที่อานได
2.2 จุดประสงคนําทาง
2.2.1 นักเรียนเดาความหมายของคําศัพทจากขอความในบทอานได
2.2.2 นักเรียนสามารถตอบคําถามจากบทอานได
2.2.3 นักเรียนสามารถใชกลยุทธในการอานตามวัตถุประสงคได
3. เนื้อหาสาระ
3.1 Observations
3.2 Post Test จํานวน 30 ขอ
4. กิจกรรมการจัดการเรียนรู

4.1 กิจกรรมนําเขาสูบทเรียน
1. สนทนากับนักเรียน 3 – 4 คนซักถามความเขาใจเพื่อใหเพื่อนนักเรียนชวยกันสรุป
เรื่องราวของหนวยการเรียนเรื่อง The Changing Year

4.2 กิจกรรมขั้นสอน/ขัน้ ฝก

1.ใหนักเรียนชวยกันสรุปบทอาน Observations แลวทําแบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.3
จํานวน 10 ขอ ครูเฉลยและอธิบายเพิ่มเติม
2. ทําแบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.4จํานวน 10 ขอ ครูเฉลยและอธิบายเพิ่มเติม
3.ใหนักเรียนทําแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน จํานวน 30 ขอ
4. ครูเฉลยและอธิบายสรุปใจความสําคัญใหนักเรียนเขาใจ

4.3 กิจกรรมขั้นสรุป/นําไปใช
1. ครูใหนักเรียนจับคูทบทวนแบบทดสอบกอนเรียนแลวเปรียบเทียบคําตอบกับคูอื่น
และชวยกันอภิปรายเมื่อมีคําตอบที่แตกตางกัน เมื่อนักเรียนทํางานเสร็จแลว ครูสุมให
นักเรียนแสดงความคิดเห็นและครูอาจซักถามเหตุผลการหาคําตอบและวิธีคิด
5. สื่อการเรียนรู
5.1 เอกสารประกอบการสอนและภาพประกอบในเลม
5.2 แหลงเรียนรู : 1. ใช Search Engine เชน www.google.co.th, www.yahoo.com ,
www.altavista.com, www.ask.com พิมพขอความที่ตองการและเลือก
Website ที่ตองการ
2. Cambridge Advanced Learner’s Dictionary (2005) . (2nd ed)
Singapore : Cambridge University Press.
3. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English(2005). ( 4th ed) India:
Pearson Education Limited.
6. การวัดผลและประเมินผล

วิธีการวัด เครื่องมือ เกณฑการวัด

1. ทําแบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.3
จํานวน 10 ขอ
2. ทําแบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.4
จํานวน 10 ขอ
3. ทําแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน
จํานวน 30 ขอ
4. การสังเกตพฤติกรรม
แบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.3
จํานวน 10 ขอ
แบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.4
จํานวน 10 ขอ
แบบทดสอบหลังเรียน จํานวน
30 ขอ
แบบสังเกตพฤติกรรม
ทําถูก 5 ขอ = ผานเกณฑ
ทําถูก 5 ขอ = ผานเกณฑ
ตอบถูกได = 1 คะแนน
ตอบผิดได = 0 คะแนน
เกณฑผาน 50%ของคะแนนเต็ม
ทําถูก 15 ขอ = ผานเกณฑ
17-20 = ดีมาก
14-16 = ดี
10-13 = ปานกลาง
9-0 = ตองปรับปรุง

7. ผลงาน/ชิน้ งานของนักเรียน
7.1 แบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.3 จํานวน 10 ขอ
7.2 แบบฝกหัด Exercise 3.4จํานวน 10 ขอ
7.3 คําตอบจากแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน Post - Test จํานวน 30 ขอ
3.1 Observations
The many data sources used include ships, aircraft, oil rigs, buoys and balloons, as well
as manned land stations around the world. Automation often assists or replaces the human
observer and can provide information from inhospitable and remote areas. Information from
remote-sensing equipment, both on the ground and in space, increasingly supplements and
complements the conventional systems.
Surface observations
Traditionally, meteorologists have relied upon observations taken near the Earth's surface
using instruments (e.g. barometers, thermometers, anemometers and rain gauges) and visual
observations (e.g. cloud and weather type). These surface observations are made at approved sites
on land, and from ships at sea.
Standard types of instruments are used, with observations usually made at least every
three hours, and in many cases hourly. Over land in the UK there are 33 key observing stations
which are needed to define the broad-scale weather patterns. They are manned by professional
meteorologists, with 12 making observations every hour, both day and night. The other 21 are
manned during the daytime, thereafter switching to an automatic system. An additional 29 sites
are manned by auxiliary observers such as coastguards, and there are more than 100 fully
automated sites.
For weather observations at sea, the Met Office is indebted to the crews of 400 vessels of
the UK Voluntary Observing Fleet and to observers on about 30 offshore drilling platforms. This
is part of a much larger scheme officially involving around 6,500 ships from 53 nations, although
the real number is closer to 3,500 ships. To fill in some of the gaps, there is a network of ocean
buoys, most drifting, but some moored.

Upper-air observations
Important sources of upper-air information are the balloon-borne instruments (known as
radiosondes) which provide information about the pressure, temperature and humidity through the
atmosphere. Also, from the track of the radiosonde,the wind can be deduced. The radiosondes can
reach a height of over 20 km (66,000 feet); they are released twice a day at the same time (midday
and midnight UTC) all over the world.
 Within the global network, the Met Office maintains six sites in the UK. Two of these are
fully manned while the remaining four sites are equipped with autosondes, which are released
remotely. There are also Met Office radiosonde sites in Gibraltar, St Helena and the Falkland
Islands. Near the UK, there is one fully manned site in the Irish Republic and a variety of
different sites in continental Europe. At sea, there are automatic systems that release radiosondes
from the decks of merchant ships.
Aircraft reports (known as AMDARs) of wind and temperature along their flight routes,
including take-off and landing, help boost the upper-air information.
A type of radar known as a Doppler radar is used to measure the winds vertically through
the atmosphere. When displayed over a period of type, these Windprofiler data show the vertical
profile of wind above the site and how it changes with time. At the time of writing, there are
Windprofiler observations made at six sites in the UK, two in the Irish Republic and one on the
Isle of Man, as well as in continental Europe.
A system for measuring the amount of water vapour in the atmosphere is being
developed, which is known as the Ground-based GPS Network. This uses information from
Global Positioning Satellites (GPS) and about 150 stations are envisaged. The data have been
shown to be of value in numerical models.

Radar
As well as the Windprofiler radars, there is a network of weather radars that provides a
picture of the distribution of rainfall. From the radar it is possible to work out where it is raining
and how heavy the rain is. The network includes sites provided by the Republic of Ireland and the
States of Jersey and covers the whole of the British Isles. Extensive radar information from the
continent is also available.
Radar pictures are often shown on television forecasts, and are used by the Environment
Agency for river management and flood warnings.
Satellites
Since the first meteorological satellite was placed in orbit in 1960, satellites have become
essential tools for weather forecasters. The satellites used by meteorologists fall into two
categories.
Polar-orbiting satellites pass around the earth from pole to pole at a height of about
870 km. It takes approximately 1 hour 42 minutes for the satellite to complete its orbit, by which
time the earth has rotated by about 25 degrees. Consequently, each pass provides information
about a different strip of the atmosphere.
The polar-orbiting satellites provide pictures of clouds, and information about the
temperature through the atmosphere.
Geostationary satellites remain over the equator, stationary with respect to the earth. This
is achieved by having the satellite in orbit at a height of about 36,000 km. At this height it takes
exactly 24 hours to complete one orbit, so it always views the same part of the globe.
Meteosat , the name given to the European geostationary satellites, like their US,
Japanese and Indian counterparts, give sequences of cloud images. From these, the development
and movement of weather systems can be followed and, of particular importance, tropical storms
can be tracked. The motion of specified areas of cloud can also be followed to calculate the wind
at various levels in the atmosphere.
Analysis
The Global Telecommunication System (GTS) has been set up to transfer weather observations
(and forecasts) around the world. The international circuit comprises a sequence of high-speed
computer-to-computer links, using communication satellites as well as land lines. The
Telecommunications Centre at Met Office Headquarters in Exeter has the role of passing data
between Washington and continental Europe via Paris and Offenbach. It also collects
observations from the UK and transmits them around the world via the GTS. A complete set of
observations from the UK is available about ten minutes past the hour of observation.
The observations taken from the GTS are stored on computer and are analysed in two
different ways.
The observations at a specific time are plotted on a chart and an analysis is produced by
the computer. This involves isobars (lines of constant pressure) being drawn, which allows
depressions and anticyclones to be identified. The analysis may be modified by the forecasters
and fronts are added (with the aid of satellite and radar information) in order to understand what
is going on in the atmosphere.
The observations are used to define the starting conditions of the atmosphere for a
computer forecast which can go as far as six days ahead.
Forecast
The use of computers has played a key role in improving the accuracy and detail of
weather forecasts, and in lengthening the period for which useful guidance can be given. The
calculations involved are both numerous and complex and must be performed quickly so that
forecasts are available in good time. Consequently, some of the most powerful computers in the
world are needed.
The computer model
Weather forecasts are based on the solution of a set of mathematical equations describing
certain physical processes in the atmosphere. To solve these complex equations it is first
necessary to divide the atmosphere up into boxes, with a grid point in the centre of each box. The
properties of the atmosphere are then represented by what is happening at each of the grid points.
The array of grid points, the system of equations and the method of solving the equations
is referred to as the model. In the present global model used by the Met Office, there is a spacing
of roughly 40 km between each grid point in the horizontal. The grid points are also arranged in
50 vertical levels through the atmosphere.

The observations taken at a particular time can be used to compute values for each grid
point of pressure, temperature, humidity and wind. This set of values (the computer analysis) then
represents the atmosphere at the start of the forecast. Using the mathematical equations, a 15-
minute forecast can be made of how these basic elements change. Once all the new values have
been calculated, the process starts again with another 15-minute forecast being made. By
repeating this procedure many times over, a forecast out to six days can be built up. The
supercomputer at the Met Office only takes about an hour to produce a six-day global forecast.
The computer model produces a global forecast twice a day using the midnight and
midday observations as starting conditions. In order to provide more-detailed forecast charts out
to 48 hours for the UK and parts of the Atlantic and Europe, the model is run again at 0600 and
1800 daily.
For local forecasts, the Met Office has developed a model which has an 11 km horizontal
grid and covers the British Isles and the near continent. This 'mesoscale model' is especially good
at taking into account the local effect of ranges of hills and the contrast between land and sea in
its forecasts.
Role of the forecaster
Despite greater computer power, improvements to the computer models, and other
technological advances, there is still an important role for the forecaster . For the general
development of weather systems, the model provides insight into how the atmosphere is behaving
and developing, but it is only a guide. Good as it is, forecasters have to make allowances for the
model's known problem areas - the handling of small-scale features, for example. The chief
forecaster on duty modifies the computer output to correct for likely errors in the model output,
such as removing spurious areas of rainfall. Forecasters also have to take into account any late
observations and consult the latest satellite and radar pictures.
In providing specific services to individual customers, the local forecaster based at an
airfield or regional office will take the process even further. Experience and local knowledge add
the fine detail to the computer forecast, so that the best advice for a specific location (e.g. an oil
rig) can be given. There is no doubt that the combination of man and computer together produces
the best forecasting results
 3.2 แบบทดสอบหลังเรียน Post-Test จํานวน 30 ขอ
The Changing Year.
Post Test
1. Seasonal weather differences between hemispheres are further caused by the_______of Earth.
Earth reaches perihelion (the point in its orbit closest to the Sun) in January, and it reaches
aphelion (farthest point from the Sun) in July.
a. elliptical orbit
b. solar eclipse
c. moon eclipse
d. tides
2.The South Pole is in the middle of the continent of __________ and therefore a considerable
distance from the moderating influence of the southern oceans.
a. Antarctica
b. Artic
c. Asia
d. Europe
3. The North Pole is in the____________, and thus its temperature extremes are buffered by the
water.
a. Arctic Ocean
b. Pacific
c. Antarctic
d. Indian
4. The periods of "midnight sun" (or _________________ for the other side of the globe) are
progressively longer.
a. "midday park"
b. "midday spark"
c. "midday dark"
d. "midnight hot"

5. How many of the imaginary lines that are circled the Earth perpendicular to its axis?
a. Two.
b. Three.
c. Four.
d. Five.
6. The World Health Organisation _______________ that depression and depression-related
illness will become the greatest source of ill-health by 2020.
a. estimates
b. estimated
c. estimate
d. estimatize
7. Yet it is known that physically active people have a lower risk of dying from _____?
a. coronary heart disease
b. type II diabetes
c. hypertension
d. all of them
8. Bill Bryson is an______________ journalist and writer.
a. American
b. Cuban
c. German
d. British
9. Agriculture recycles 100% of all animal manures that it _________.
a. produced
b. producing
c. produces
d. products
10. Drive carefully on narrow country roads, always.
a. Not wide.
b. Wide.
c. Shallow.
d. Deep.
11. Halfway between the North Pole and the South Pole is an imaginary line, the __________.
The equator goes around the middle of Earth like a belt. It divides our planet into the Northern
Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
a. latitude
b. longitude
c. meridians
d. equator
12. Another set of imaginary lines helps us measure distance east and west. These are lines of
longitude. Each line of longitude runs from the North Pole to the South Pole. These lines are also
called _____________.
a. latitude
b. longitude
c. meridians
d. equator
13. Parallels measure distance north or south of the equator. This distance is measured in ______.
a. decree
b. degrees
c. decade
d. detour
14. What do we call the study of weather?
a. Biology.
b. Sociology.
c. Meteorology.
d. Mature.
15. The many data sources used include ships, aircraft, oil rigs, buoys and balloons, as well as
manned land stations around the world. What can we find in the sea?
a. Ships.
b. Oil rigs.
c. Bouys.
d. All correct.
16. What is weather ?
a. Conditions in the atmosphere at any time or short period of time.
b. Conditions in the atmosphere in a week.
c. Conditions in the atmosphere in a month.
d. Conditions in the atmosphere during a year.
17.What is climate ?
a. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a longer time period or over a large geographical
area .
b. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a short time period in a day.
a. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a geographical area in a week.
a. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a year time period.
18. The ____________ are fed into the computer and used to analyse the weather patterns at a
particular time.
a. reality
b. duration
c. observations
d. telecommunications
19. The many data _____________ used include ships, aircraft, oil rigs, buoys and balloons, as
well as manned land stations around the world.
a. sources
b. sauces
c. saucers
d. information
20. Polar-orbiting satellites pass around the earth from pole to pole at a height of about 870 km.
How long does it take for the satellite to complete its orbit, by which time the earth has
rotated by about 25 degrees?
a. It takes approximately 2 hour 42 minutes.
b. It takes approximately 1 hour 42 minutes.
c. It takes approximately 3 hour 49 minutes.
d. It takes approximately 2 hour 22 minutes.
21. What is the information, skills, and understanding that you have gained through learning or
experience ?
a. Study.
b. Learning.
c. Subject.
d. Knowledge.
22. What do we call how to make a statement saying what is likely to happen in the future, based
on the information that you have now or predict ?
a. Broadcast.
b. Foreplay.
c. Forecast.
d. Forehead.
23. An instrument that measures changes in the air pressure and the weather, or that calculates
height above sea level.
a. Barometers.
b. Thermometers.
c. Gauges.
d. Vessels.
24. In or under the sea and not far from the coast.
a. Seashore.
b. Onshore.
c. Offshore.
d. Coastshore.
25.How many seasons are there in United Kingdom?
a. One.
b. Two.
c. Three.
d. Four.
26.What are their correct names ?
a. Winter spring autumn summer.
b. Fall sunny rainy summer.
c. Autumn spring fall winter.
d. Summer spring fall autumn.
27. In which area a three-way division into hot , rainy and cool season is used.
a. Tropical
b. Northern hemisphere
c. Southern hemisphere
d. Temperate and Polar
28. The cycle of seasons in the polar and temperate zones of one hemisphere is opposite to that in
the other so when it is summer in the Northern hemisphere, it is __________ in the
Southern hemisphere, and vice versa.
a. winter.
b. fall
c. autumn
d. spring
29. The seasons result from the Earth's axis being tilted to its orbital plane; it deviates by an angle
of approximately _______. Thus, at any given time during summer or winter, one part of the
planet is more directly exposed to the rays of the Sun .
a. 23.5 degrees
b. 33.5 degrees
c. 32.5 degrees
d. 3.5 degrees
30. He established an antilittering campaign across the country.
a. A small insect that lives in large groups.
b. Supporting or approving of something.
c. Opposed to.
d. Before someone or something.
Exercise 3.3 Cloze Test.
Fills in the correct words or phrases.

Despite greater computer power, improvements to the ________1. models, and other
technological advances, there is still an __________2. role for the forecaster. For the general
development of weather _________3., the model provides insight into how the __________4. is
behaving and developing, but it is only a guide. Good as it is, ___________5. have to make
allowances for the model's _________6. problem areas - the handling of small-scale features, for
example. The chief forecaster on duty _________7.the computer output to correct for likely errors
in the model output, such as removing spurious areas of rainfall. Forecasters also have to take into
account any late __________8. and consult the latest satellite and radar pictures.
In providing specific services to individual customers, the local forecaster based at an airfield or
_________9. office will take the process even further. Experience and local knowledge add the
fine detail to the computer forecast, so that the best advice for a __________10.location (e.g. an
oil rig) can be given. There is no doubt that the combination of man and computer together
produces the best forecasting results.

computer atmosphere specific regional observations

systems modifies important forecasters known

Exercise 3.4 Reading Comprehension . Choose the best alternatives.
1. What is weather ?
a. Conditions in the atmosphere at any time or short period of time.
b. Conditions in the atmosphere in a week.
c. Conditions in the atmosphere in a month.
d. Conditions in the atmosphere during a year.
2. What is climate ?
a. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a longer time period or over a large geographical
area .
b. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a short time period in a day.
a. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a geographical area in a week.
a. Surface and atmospheric conditions over a year time period.
3. The ___ are fed into the computer and used to analyse the weather patterns at a particular time.
a. reality
b. duration
c. observations
d. telecommunications
4. The many data _____________ used include ships, aircraft, oil rigs, buoys and balloons, as
well as manned land stations around the world.
a. sources
b. sauces
c. saucers
d. information
5. Polar-orbiting satellites pass around the earth from pole to pole at a height of about 870 km.
How long does it take for the satellite to complete its orbit, by which time the earth has
rotated by about 25 degrees?
a. It takes approximately 2 hour 42 minutes.
b. It takes approximately 1 hour 42 minutes.
c. It takes approximately 3 hour 49 minutes.
d. It takes approximately 2 hour 22 minutes.
6. The computer model produces a global forecast _______ a day using the midnight and
midday.
a. once
b. three times
c. twice
d. four times
7. What is the information, skills, and understanding that you have gained through learning or
experience ?
a. Study.
b. Learning.
c. Subject.
d. Knowledge.
8. What do we call how to make a statement saying what is likely to happen in the future, based
on the information that you have now or predict ?
a. Broadcast.
b. Foreplay.
c. Forecast.
d. Forehead.
9. An instrument that measures changes in the air pressure and the weather, or that calculates
height above sea level.
a. Barometers.
b. Thermometers.
c. Gauges.
d. Vessels.
10. In or under the sea and not far from the coast.
a. Seashore.
b. Onshore.
c. Offshore.
d. Coastshore.
เฉลยแบบทดสอบ Exercise 3.3

1. computer 2. important
3. systems 4. atmosphere
5. forecaster 6. known
7. modifies 8. observations
9. regional 10. specific

เฉลยแบบทดสอบ Exercise 3.4

1. a 2. a 3. c 4. a 5. b
6. c 7. d 8. c 9. a 10. c
 เฉลยแบบทดสอบหลังเรียน Post-Test

1. a 2. a 3. a 4. c 5. d
6. a 7. d 8. a 9. c 10. a
11. d 12. c 13. b 14. c 15. d
16. a 17. a 18. c 19. a 20. b
21. d 22. c 23. a 24. c 25. d
26. a 27. a 28. a 29. a 30. c
 แบบประเมินงานเขียน
วิชาภาษาอังกฤษพื้นฐาน 6 รหัสวิชา อ 42101 ภาคเรียนที่.......................ปการศึกษา.....................
ชื่อ – สกุล.......................................เลขที่........ชั้น....../........วันที่..........เดือน..................พ.ศ.............
คําชี้แจง ประเมินผลงานเขียนโดยมีรายการประเมินและคาระดับคะแนนดังนี้
คาระดับคะแนน 5 = ดีมาก 4 = ดี 3 = ปานกลาง 2 = พอใช 1 = ปรับปรุง
คาระดับคะแนน
รายการประเมิน
1 2 3 4 5
1. เนื้อหา
1.1 ใจความสําคัญชัดเจน
1.2 มีรายละเอียดเกีย่ วของและพอเพียงตอความเขาใจเนื้อหา
1.3 มีพื้นฐานความคิดเกีย่ วกับหัวขอเรื่อง
2. รูปแบบการเขียน
2.1 มีการจัดรูปแบบถูกตอง
2.2 มีการเรียบเรียงลําดับความคิด
2.3 มีใจความสําคัญและรายละเอียดสอดคลอง
3. คําศัพท
3.1 ใชวงคําศัพทเหมาะสมกับระดับชัน้
3.2 เลือกใชคําศัพทไดเหมาะสม
4. การใชภาษา
4.1 ไวยากรณถูกตองเหมาะสม
4.2 ขอผิดพลาดในจุดใหญ ๆ
4.3 ความถูกตองการใชคาํ นําหนานาม คํานามและบุพบท
4.4 ความถูกตองของการใชคําสรรพนาม คําเชื่อมประโยค
5. อื่น ๆ
5.1 การสะกดคําและการใชเครื่องหมายวรรคตอนถูกตอง
5.2 เขียนรูปแบบยอหนาไดถูกตอง
5.3 ลายมืออานงาย งานเขียนสะอาด มีความชัดเจนดวยการระบุ
รวม
ลงชื่อ....................................ผูประเมิน
 แบบสังเกตการณปฏิบัติงานกลุม

วิชาภาษาอังกฤษพื้นฐาน 6 รหัสวิชา อ 42101 ภาคเรียนที่.............ปการศึกษา.....................

เรื่อง..........................................................................................................กลุมที่................................
ชั้น.........../.............วันที่...................เดือน....................................พ.ศ. ...............
เกณฑการใหคะแนน รวม ระดับคะแนน
20 20 20 20 20 100 4 3 2 1 0ความรับผิดชอบรวมกันในกลุม

การแสดงความคิดเห็นในกลุม
การแบงหนาที่ซึ่งกันและกัน

ที่ ชื่อ - สกุล

การนําเสนองานของกลุม

ความสามัคคีในกลุม

ผานเกณฑขั้นต่ํา

ต่ํากวาเกณฑ
ปานกลาง
ดีมาก

ดี
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

เกณฑการประเมิน 80 - 100 = ดีมาก 70 – 79 = ดี

60 – 69 = ปานกลาง 50 – 59 = ผานเกณฑ
0 – 49 = ต่ํากวาเกณฑ
ลงชื่อ.........................................ผูประเมิน
(นายกมลพันธ จามพัฒน)
........../........../............