3

RD
REPUBLIC OF THE PHILIPPINES

Manuel Roxas (May 28, 1946 April 15, 1948)
Roxas was the fifth president of the Philippines overall but he was considered as the third
and last president under the Commonwealth and the first of the Third Republic of the
Philippines. He only sat in the office for 1 year, 10 months and 18 days. He died from a
heart attack.
Contributions and Achievements of Manuel A. Roxas:
was inaugurated as the new and first president of the new Republic because the Philippines
was finally free after the WW II
in his time, the country has started reconstruction from war damage and the Philippines
started breathing without foreign rule
under his term, the Philippine Rehabilitation Act and Philippine Trade Act laws were
accepted by the congress
he is in the 100 peso bill

Elpidio Quirino (April 17, 1948 December 30, 1953)
He was the vice president at Roxas time. He became president when the latter died in 1948. He
assumed the presidency on Roxas' death
Contributions and Achievements of Elpidio Quirino:
under his term Hukbalahap movement was active
he created Social Security Commission
he also created Integrity Board to monitor graft and corruption
in 1948, Quezon City was the capital of the Philippines
peso and dollar exchange rate at his time was 1 US = P2

Ramon Magsaysay (December 30, 1953 March 17, 1957)
He was born in Iba, Zambales, was a military governor, and engineer. He died on a plane crash
on Dec. 1957, boarding the presidential plane named Mt. Pinatubo.


Contributions and Achievements of Ramon Magsaysay:
was a chairman of the Committee on Guerilla Affairs
was the first president sworn into office wearing Barong Tagalogin his inauguration
his presidency was referred as the Philippines Golden Years for it was the cleanest and
zero-corruption
the Philippines was ranked 2
nd
in Asias clean and well-governed countries
he established National Resettlement and Rehabilitation Administration (NARRA) among
his agrarian reforms

Carlos P. Garcia (March 18, 1957 December 30, 1961)
Another lawyer, Carlos P. Garcia was a poet, teacher, and guerilla leader too. Born from Bohol,
he was the vice president of Magsaysay and secretary of Foreign Affairs for 4 years. He became
president when Magsaysay died in 1957.
Contributions and Achievements of Carlos P. Garcia
he was known for Filipino First Policy
he established the Austerity Program focusing on Filipino trade and commerce
was known as the Prince of Visayan Poets and the bard from Bohol
cultural arts was revived during his term
was the first president to have his remains buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani

Diosdado Macapagal (December 30, 1961 December 30, 1965)
He was born in Lubao, Pampanga, Diosdado Macapagal is the father of Gloria Macapagal
Arroyo, the 14
th
and second woman president of the Philippines. He was a lawyer and a
professor, too.
Contributions and Achievements of Diosdado Macapagal:
he established the first Land Reform Law
he placed the Philippines currency peso, on the currency exchange market
he made June 12 1898 as the Philippines Independence Day
he signed the Minimum Wage Law
he signed the creation of the Philippine Veterans Bank