Precis Manual (Solution) R.Dhillon

Solution Manual
Prcis writing By R.Dhillon

[AA, Ive tried solving exercises of R.Dhillons book of prcis writing as a student. Its a good
book to prepare prcis part of the composition paper. This book is available in soft copy form
here on www.csspoint.com.In case where more there are more than one attempts or solutions
1
st
one is mine and the others were copied from cssforumcom.pk. Hope it will of some help in
your preparation. Any sort of constructive criticism is more than welcome. Please communicate
errors, omissions and suggestions @ mudasar2006_01@yahoo.com.

Regards,

Exercise # 1, Page # 42,
Understanding Human approach towards life through their eating behavior
Human eating behavior is analogous to humans approach towards life. Among humans,
there are four observed eating behaviors. For some people eating food loses any kind of
appeal & charm due to its abundance and lack of hunger. Then there are people who
eat just as a part of medication under a compulsion missing any sort of taste. The 3
rd

category comprises of the people who miss the balance and eat rapaciously destroying
their own health. The final class of people eat only with genuine appetite when they are
hungry & dont go beyond whats required. Same is the case with humans approach
towards life.
Attempt # 2
Meal as a blessing

By having meal in distinct ways determines the different ways of enthusiasm for it. Meal
has become tasteless for the people who had enough variety of meal because they had
not enjoyed the taste of hunger. Meal is as tiresome to have as other activities but
contains nutrients. The attitude of disabled person of having meal is as similar as
voracious and sound appetite person.
Attempt # 3
Different Life Styles

Zest can be understood by analyzing people's approach to take a meal. Some don't
value it until they are hungry. Taking meal may be a little hectic activity but not much.
Some only take it to live - as a compulsion, whereas some live solely for it. Some adopt
moderate approach towards it. People adopt similar attitudes towards life.
Attempt # 4
Ways of Living
Having meals in different ways determines distinct enthusiasm. Meal becomes tasteless
to whom have had varieties, for they have not famish. Meal is tiresome as other
activities but bear nutrients. Disabled having meal resembles sami voracious consumer.
Exercise # 2, Page # 42
The reality of Life
Life seems to have lost all colors and spirit for me. The fundamental question regarding
the objectives & purpose of life still remains unanswered .Today, despite my long held
belief to the contrary, life feels artificial & pretentious. Now, when Im about to depart,
Life is unfolding new realities negating all my previously held convictions about it.

Exercise # 3, page # 44
The Future of Human Race & Arms Race
Without any doubt, the most horrendous threat to humanity, among many others,
which needs to be deterred by all means, is ever increasing blind arms race among
different nations of the world.it endangers the very existence of all of us. Despite a
common desire and understanding among the masses, there are still many obstacles in
the way of an unarmed world with insecurity and mistrust being the supreme. There is
an imminent need to promote peace and friendship among different nations and to
discourage the use of force/power to resolve mutual disputes for halting this threat of
substantial devastation.
Human welfare & Mechanization
Mr. Gandhi was not altogether against mechanization, but he opposed imprudent
reliance on machines at the cost of workers job and employment. He contended that
machines should server all human beings indiscriminately rather serving the
materialistic interests of a very limited industrialist class. Industries should be run under
state control to oblige human beings rather exploiting them.

Attempt # 2
Ghandi: A great philanthropist

Ghandi was not opposed to machinery but of its unfettered pursuit. In his view, even if
mechanization was economical yet it caused unemployment and catalyzed poverty.
Since his focus was emancipation of a common man therefore Ghandi was a strong
advocate of circulation of wealth and Nationalization of industries, for which he toiled
laboriously.

Attempt # 3

Popular Misconception about Ghandi
Or Ghandi: A great Philanthropist
Or Doctrine of Ghandi on Machinery
Or Ghandi condemns Machinery

The importance of machinery does not defy by Ghandi, But conversion of human power
to machinery work is criticized. Industrialist greed cut down the labor to earn more and;
labor were left on streets to kick the bucket. Ghandi acknowledge the superiority of
human over machinery and advices not let the machinery takeover the labor.

Attempt # 4
Title: Ghandis view about Machinery
Ghandi realizes the importance of machine and appreciates it; but he discourages its
preference over man. He visualizes the apathy of mans labor for the so called saving of
labor and time. In his opinion, machine is helping the wealthy class just in hoarding
wealth; but depriving the poor. Ghandi heightens superbly the dignity of man and labor.
Attempt # 5
Title:Gandis objections about machinery

Gandi acknowledged the essence of the machinery but not that labor saving machinery
which caused unemployment. It did save the time but resulted the wealth in few hands
which leads the humanity to starvation. He struggled to give back the control of
factories to labor rather than machines.

Role that games play
Some people emphasize highly on mandatory games in educational institutions pointing
towards their ability to amend human behavior positively and making them more
conscious & responsible as a member of the society. But, observations confirm the
failure of games to modify personal behavior and attitude significantly as a
revolutionary procedure rather they are just platforms to express who you really are as
a team player.so any decision must be taken with proper understanding.
The words with variety of meanings
The Faculty of speech is a double edged sword.it can both beautify & destroy relations.
Utmost care is essential in selecting words as some words carry multiple meanings.
Hence, while communicating with others, a judicious person must choose his words
with respect to audiences frame of mind.
Exercise # 3, Page 47
Significance of a good Guide
Sufficient relevant experience is a prerequisite to be a good guide. As a guide I can
direct you to the right path to go on as I have checked all of them paying a heavily for
want of proper guidance.
Attempt # 2
Qualities of a Good Mentor

Or A mentor - prerequisite for success

or A Good Guide
Only an experienced man can become a good mentor. The author had to learn this fact
the hard way since there was no such mentor who could have directed him to the right
course in his youth. For this reason, now the author wants to be one such mentor.

Attempt # 3

Guidance from the expert should be followed rather novice. To becoming a good guide
one should appreciates the advises from his/her colleague; have enough knowledge of
pros and cons; and prevents from inconvenience and enigmatic situations.

Attempt # 4
Sincere Guide a remedy for Youth dilemma
At the crossroad of youth, victim is often betrayed in the absence of an earnest guide.
Guide, who has faced the lashing winds of the path, crossed its impediments at the
expense of his injured body and soul. Redemption from this youth-trauma only lies in
following the guide.
Liberty vs. restraint
To talk about freedom in every domain of life is in vogue for some imprudent people.
Man is honorably bound to observe certain boundaries as ordained by nature and every
single creature in this universe is following certain prohibitions. So, in fact, the honor is
in compliance with the natures master plan rather revolting against it.
The Perils of Hydrogen Bomb
The attainment of hydrogen bombing technology is not a triumph to celebrate. The
blind race for having more & more such bombs to overtake the opponents is extremely
lethal & if, someday, this bomb is tested out of uncontrolled belligerence, it would
jeopardize all of us.
Reality vs. False notions of Supremacy
Surprisingly enough every country & nation, whether eastern or western, regards itself
particularly, blessed and privileged over others without any substantial reason. But the
abuse and disgrace of easterners at the hands of western powers in last three centuries
has brought them to the light. Eastern nations have been shallowly proud of their
spiritual supremacy while negating material and technological development of the
western world as superficial. This delusional belief is just an attempt on their behalf to
run away from the harsh realities while overlooking the real reasons of their
devastation.
An Evaluation of Mr. Gandhis Character & Services
The ideas of Mr. Gandhi, mostly based on mysticism, might not be practically fit into a
pragmatic developing country like India as is evident from the deviation being observed
on diplomatic and industrial front. But Mr. Gandhis role in Indian freedom and his
charisma cant be negated at all. His services for Indian freedom, emancipation of Indian
society from the clutches of caste system, preaching and practice of peace and
tolerance for all won him global love and respect. He was a world hero of the 20
th

century.
What Differentiates Civilizations?
Planning & preparedness for the future is the most striking feature of a civilization that
offers a criterion to make a comparison among them. The planning depends upon the 3
major factors: the present state of affairs, the desired position or goals and the available
time. For individuals, planning is a choice but for states it is a must. All the progress and
development made by different nations is an outcome of proactive planning & thinking.
The creation of beauty
The Purpose of education is to instill in people how to value different things in life. All
wonders around us are the outcome of the efforts by those who knew the value of their
work. Everyone is not fit for every job .Due to lack of acknowledgement and patronage,
artistic beauty is diminishing in our society. People are becoming ignorant of aesthetic
values. Beauty is not merely a commodity rather; its a priceless treasure to cherish.
Purpose of education
Universities are not, primarily, responsible for producing geniuses, tycoons, literary
icons or other sort of exemplary professionals.it is indeed among the inferior objectives
of an institution. Actually, people who are endowed with exceptional faculties are rarely
dependent on universities to flourish. The primary goal of a university is to raise the
collective conscience of a society and nurturing good social values among the students
to make them good (better) human beings. Education aims at polishing students
intellect to make them able to differentiate right from wrong and express it vehemently
before the world without any hesitation. It teaches and endorses social values like
empathy, sympathy ,manners and behavioral standards.it trains humans in such a way
that they become universally fit for any society to live in. Nevertheless, this path is
difficult and abstract, but certainly more productive.

Tyranny vs. Education
Despots are always obstructive in the way of free education because it could create
problems for them by making people aware of their rights .Education makes people
conscious and let them think and analyze things on rational ground while tyrants want
complete obedience from them. Education is, in short, inversely proportional to
authoritarian aims. So to secure their ends, they distort educational policies to shackle
peoples minds instead of relieving them.
Exercise #124, Page 53
Changing Life and nature
The day light & the soil are embodiments of life. In contrast to old folks, todays man is
compromising the real pleasures and treasures of life by losing contact with nature for
the sake of materialistic accomplishments. This detachment between nature and human
beings is resulting in costly deprivation of vitality and spirit of life.
The key to Indian development
It is of paramount importance to provide a balanced playing field to all Indians.it is a
journey towards eradicating any sort of human exploitation based on any criterion .its
realization of the fact that all human beings are born equal & none is inherently inferior
or superior to others. For any country to tread on the road to progress, all human
groups need to work collaboratively & coherently. Therefor utmost consideration
should be given to the people lagging behind in the developments race. This can change
Indias fate.
Worth of small things in life
Life is a series of small, ostensibly worthless, interconnected time intervals that
conjointly give meaning to it. A mans attitude towards trivial things determines his
altitude. The Success of a person, enterprise or even states is dependent on small
principles. The mammoth of knowledge around us is the result of little contributions
from (of) millions of people. The new notion of Success, being directly proportional to
consistency & hard work is swapping the old one being dependent on luck and chance.
Recipe for lasting happiness
Man is destined for eternal peace & happiness. All great Sufis like guru Nanak & Shri
Krishna implored human beings to avoid traps like envy, animosity, conceit, selfishness
& discrimination to safely reach the destination. These mean desires are major
impediments in our way to ecstasy & serenity.
Emancipation of mind
Mechanization has been given undue precedence as a major determinant of progress &
superiority of a nation. What differentiates a civilization from others is more of (about)
intangible things than tangible. Freeing oneself from all prejudices & false prides by
realizing ones insignificance on a larger scale, one should strive for global development
& peace.
Conquest to moon; a team effort
For the second time, Americans have triumphantly set feet on the moon evading gravity
of the earth. Indeed, its the result of advance scientific knowledge plus collective &
concerted efforts of a dedicated team. Small but valuable contributions of different
people made it all possible overcoming different sorts of threats in the way.

Education; a prerequisite to democracy
For many analysts, a dominant reason to prefer monarchy over democratic polity is that
the former requires rulers, while latter demands voters to be well educated. Over
increasing population is making it impossible to educate every child alike that is
resulting in privileged and underprivileged class. Humans are the real asset or liability of
a nation. Giving every citizen a right to vote has not produced expected results due to
illiterate voters.
Supremacy of Democracy over other forms of Governments
Repeated coups have put in question the viability of democracy in the less
developed Asian continent. Illiterate people, ignorant of their votes value, electing their
representatives make the democratic system intrinsically flawed. An evaluation of
democratic governments in Asia in the last decade vindicates this supposition.
Contrary to this, other available modes of ruling masses are even more defective. The
Voting process has built in accountability mechanism & gives legitimate vent to peoples
anger and disappointments. Antagonists of democracy should bear this in mind that its
only democracy that welcomes criticism & allows freedom of speech, making it
preferable over other systems.
Moral Deterioration Among children
Diminishing moral & social values in general & disrespect towards females in
specific, is an issue of grave concern that is being witnessed among new generations
Boys globally. This issue points towards a bigger menace coming forth.
There is a lesser hope for any betterment on account of acute shortage of role
models among parents and teachers for our children. Both parents and teachers are not
doing justice with their duties towards their children. Overexposure to different type of
media has had a detrimental effect on childrens character.
Miracles of telegraphy
Cordless telecommunication is one of the greatest contributions of science to our lives.it
has virtually connected the scattered areas around the globe shrinking distances among
them. Travellers, both aerial and sea, can conveniently remain in touch with others
through this technology. This marvel of science is going to have a profound impact on
our lives in the future by reducing the difficulties and enhancing pleasures.
Limitations of laboratorical results & Humans
The findings of science in a laboratory are not generalizable to human beings as
scientific world, comprising of elements and atoms, is confined to the laboratory and
lacks the complexities of interpersonal relations & behavioral & psychological
differences among them. The Individuality of each member makes human society
divergent and multifarious. Treating human beings as laboratory element has made
scientist mistakenly believe in Marxism.
10
th
centurys India.
The book, named Nitisara by Shukracharya comprehensively put light on political
system, administrative structure & operations, revenue collection departments
hierarchy & mechanism, judicial organization and social circumstances of 10
th
centurys
India.

Importance of Gita in Indian society
The Theoretical foundation of Hinduism, the Gita, has been written with a pluralistic &
the inclusive approach towards religious & social differences in in Indian society. This
has given it international applicability and importance. Mystical & Sufi approach of the
book has a great appeal for (to) readers. Gita has been, until now, partially successful in
eradicating inhuman religious practices
The Mysterious World & Life
Cutting the long story short, I have relinquished believing in religious justifications about
the creation and purpose of this world as, to me, this world with all its imperfections
and complications, is still real & not fake. But all this disbelief has not certainly turned
me into a hedonist because, for me, the real pleasures of life are way beyond sensual
desire.
Rewards & motivation for extraordinary work
The sense of accomplishment and bliss that follows an extraordinary valuable
contribution to the society is the most precious, intangible reward that men of
exceptional ability enjoy. The feeling of witnessing your efforts growing and bringing
fruits is comparable to none. Amazing fulfillment may be derived from different sorts of
endeavors ranging from drawing a masterpiece to establishing a successful business or
estate .remarkably talented people in any field, either science or arts, earn peoples
reverence and rule their minds through their hard work. There is some unique kind of
restlessness found among artists that compels them to satisfy it through their creative
work. Artists rarely enjoy serenity .contrary to this, scientists work with composure and
contentment.
Press in modern society
The urge to know about our surroundings is innate. Different events and actions
that deserve our attention due to their impact on our lives have changed from local to
global. Any event at some farthest point of (on) the globe has the ability to have a
worldwide effect. We are more reliant on others than ever before.
A newspaper is a great source of information on all relevant topics and areas. A
Controlled press is not appreciable & Freedom of press is vital & essential for a
democratic polity to thrive. But sometimes this freedom is exploited for material gains.
Readers must be cautious in this regard & Press must follow media ethics and norms.
Knowledge comes, but wisdom lingers
Todays Western society appears to seriously suffering (suffer) from the disparity
between material and moral development from last some decades. Science has served
human beings by creating technology that assists them, but it also deteriorated moral
roots of the society. Weaponization has turned into a visionless competition .All the
scientific progress is the result of centuries old connected and concerted efforts .There
is a sheer need to strike a balance between scientific and moral development of human
society.
Begging, an Evil
Contrary to the modern world mendicancy is in vogue as a recognized and rewarding
profession in India. Religious traditions have considerable contribution in this regard.it
needs to be promoted that a contributor is more virtuous than someone who is a
burden on the society. Keeping those unfortunate people aside who resort to begging
under a compulsion, there are people who have organized mendicancy as a business.
Begging is a blemish and curse for any society and must be eliminated by proper
planning and systematization. govt. & public both need to join hands & play an active
role to put an end to this.
Distinctive characteristics of Aryans in India
From ancient times, In Indian society, we observe that the Aryan Hindus can never be
alienated from their four hallmark affiliation cum passion i.e., religious book, fair skin,
rivers & domestic animals. Conservative, as it may look in approach, but even the most
sophisticated segment of the Indian society hold these traditions very dear. All modern
developments needed to be approved religiously. The highest authorities and offices,
even observe religious rituals and.
Then there is a general admiration and preference found for fair body color.it helps
elites differentiate themselves as a superior segment of the society. People, coming
from lower segments, gaining power and wealth try to follow these norms to represent
them as a part of upper society.
Land reforms in Asia
Among other Asian nations, despite its immense importance for agriculture & economic
development, India & Pakistan have failed to reap the fruits of the land Restructurings
on account of different reasons. Diplomatically Influential & wealthy landowner class
has been a stumbling block in the way of reforms. Landowners use their tenants votes
to get political powers and then use this power to thwart any sort of legislation against
their vested interests. Its a sort of vicious circle. To get rid of this, a considerable change
in the present political system is essential.
The Future of power generation
Power is a prerequisite for business & economic progress. The usual sources that are
used to generate electricity, including Hydel & thermal are feared to extinguish in the
near future on account of growing demand and excessive consumption. Alternatively,
Nuclear energy is an advanced source of power derived mainly through the fission
process using abundantly available uranium and thorium as raw material. If the
efficiency of the nuclear reactors is improved, it can produce much greater an amount
of energy as compared to other sources in use now. Ultimately the reservoirs of
uranium are limited and will, too, exhaust someday, but in that case we can harness
untapped energy from solar radiations reaching the earth .So fears about the powerless
world in the future are not pragmatic.
Job specialization
Until the last century, we would see a craftsman doing himself all parts of his job. It was
classy but time consuming and costly too. Machines and robots have now replaced
human hands at most of the jobs. A job is now divided in (into) small segments which
improves efficiency and reduces the cost, making products affordable for the masses.
Todays manufacturing has become so complex that it is almost impossible for a man to
get a hand on all the processes involved in a job.

Human relations in large cities and Villages
After spending my childhood in a small village, the city life was a whole new experience
for me. The Population was small & all inhabitants of the village were well aware of
each other and life was slow-moving there. Contrariwise the pace of the things in city
life was frantic, but above all to my shock, people were cold & indifferent towards each
other.
Indeed, this modern metropolitan lifestyle demands human beings to settle in an
interdependent web of social interactions to reap the benefits & comforts of urban life,
but at the same time it takes too much time and energy that city dwellers rarely find
some time to spend with their mates.

Role of Advertisement in Modern Society
Human needs have been evolving with the material progress of the society and
marketing has had a pivotal input in that. Marketers make the public conscious of their
needs that can be fulfilled through their products. Things that were unknown a century
ago are part and parcel of peoples lives today.
Apparently there is no need of promotion for selling products of daily need, but as the
competition intensifies, even in this segment, marketing is setting in to play the decisive
role.

Discovering the oceans
The desire to know vigorously about marine life and treasures beneath smooth surface
of oceanic water is increasing considerably. Aquatic Explorers are trying to get every bit
of information about the oceans. Even the man of antiquity, connected with oceans for
the sake of food and traveling, were deeply influenced by the wonders of the sea they
came into contact with. This desire actually stems from the curiosity in human nature to
know about everything in his surroundings and his various needs which are directly
dependent on marine. A great deal of knowledge has been gathered in this regard by
small but connected efforts of great no of experts. Exploring seas has (have) been a
daunting task because the depths of deep-seas present an insurmountable hurdle.

Test of a book
A great book is worth reading time and again and every time it reveals something new
to its reader. An individuals opinion, however eminent, does not establish the quality of
a book rather opinions (opinion) of multiple experts in different times vindicate the
substance of the book. If a book has stood the test of the time, it must possess
something extraordinary. Even a poor person should have these great books at home.

An analysis of English society
There are some conspicuous characteristics, both positive and negative, of the British
society that defines it .Englishmen lag behind their counterpart Europeans in all forms of
artwork including music and sculpturing plus philosophical thinking. Contrary to the self-
proclamation, they are poor at planning and design too, as is evident from their towns
planning, unreasoned spellings and units system. Their actions are spontaneous, mostly
dominated by whims. On the other side, their cunningness, patriotism and solidarity
under certain crisis are exemplary qualities as a nation. Their love for flowers, as noticed
by any foreigner setting foot into (in) Britain for the first time, astonishes all. They
spend their leisure time in a positive way by engaging in one or another good pastime &
never meddle in others personal affairs. Personal liberty is hallmark of English culture,
but it doesnt allow any sort of abuse in the name of the freedom.

Looking at oneself through others lenses
The author tries to explain the difference of observation and feelings that is found
among diverse people of different origin against a single stimulus. Looking ourselves
from others point of view is always a great experience. The things that go unnoticed for
indigenous people might appear very bizarre & conspicuous to a foreigner coming into
that country for the first time. The way an immigrant would interpret things, an incident
or local culture cant be at all compared with the observation of the inhabitants of that
very country. To validate his point, the author narrates two different shocking
experiences of African nationals in London who were taken aback with something which
was part and parcel of English society.

Perils of democracy in India
Democracy is not new to the Indian society.it has been more prevalent in bit different
forms than the modern democratic system. For some period of her history, off (of)
course, there have been periods when monarchs and tyrants came to the scene, but for
most of the time case has been opposite. There are fears that abuse of democratic
norms might once again give way to the dictatorship in India.
What can preserve democracy? There are some simple principles which are at the heart
of a flourishing democratic system. For any sort of political struggle and objectives,
utmost adherence to constitutional and nonviolent means must be held. Democracy
should be developed and permeated as culture rather than just a political entity.
Publics confidence and belief should be strengthened in the system rather in
personalities. Personal freedom, whether its freedom of speech or choice, along with
equivalence before the law and a sense of solidarity among citizens strengthen the
fortress of democracy.
Excluding political system, Indian society has very noticeable & unreasonable social and
economic tiers which endanger the whole system of democracy if left unattended.
Grievances of a suppressed class must be listened and addressed impartially otherwise
the system would be knocked down by them eventually.

Adventure & life
Despite our preparation, modern equipment, favorable weather & prayers and well-
wishers of our supporters, the success of our Mount Everests campaign is heavily
indebted to all those who have done this before. This great mesmerizing experience of
exploring magnificence & marvels of nature along with new long-lasting companionship
was worth all this pain and exertion. Collective work and esprit de corps is (are) a must
in these sorts of journeys.
The quest for adventure and exploration is innate in human beings & it can be satisfied
though any challenging activity or amusement you like not just climbing a mountain
alone. The way we were applauded and honored all across the world shows the passion
and sparkle for such a sports (sport) among people around the globe.

Human thinking and scientific development
Modern scientific knowledge has had a profound impact on our thinking and theoretical
basis. Cosmological revelations challenged centurys old held beliefs about the centrality
of the earth in this universe and placed the sun at its Centre. The exploration of the
frantic enormity of this universe told us the worthlessness of human being as a part of
this system.
Likewise, scientific development in the field of life & earth studies have (has) done
remarkably & extraordinary job. The old concepts about the origin of life have been
changed and Darvanism has given a new dimension to this debate. It tells us a stunning
story about the transformation of life over a trillion of years to take on the present
shape. The Old notion of man being master of the world is also being challenged
through research & experiments.
Two contradictory types of thinking processes
Any idea, plan or image that is passing through our minds at any time, is a part of the
comprehensive thinking process. There are generally two types of thoughts.1
st:
when we
are sitting sluggish & doing nothing often bizarre, illogical ideas, visit our minds giving us
strange unrealistic hopes with no concrete effects. These sorts of thoughts are worth
nothing & most of the times are counterproductive.2
nd
:the other type of thinking carries
practical implications resulting from a logical ,realistic, mutually connected and
reinforcing thinking process.one step leads to another and this way something beneficial
comes out as the final output of this process. Ideas & thinking that meets this criterion
are bound to produce positive effects.
Mans struggle against hostile weather
The unfavorable climatic conditions are catastrophic for human beings in different
respects. Extreme weather in any of its form is extremely hazardous for human
development and existence. Man has been struggling against unfavorable weather
conditions throughout the history for his survival. Eventually, Man would get control of
weather by dint of research and technology. This would make North Pole livable for
human beings. The development in medical science is expected to cure most of the
prevalent diseases to make our lives more comfortable and pleasant.
But, this respected dream can only be realized if precious world resources are
channelized for scientific and educational development instead of wasting them in
warfare. A global joined governing body can meet this end by penalizing the war
mongers.
The panacea for worlds (world) peace
The notion that the unconditional and universal love among people and countries is the
panacea for all of the worlds woes and worries is beyond reality and logic.it is not
supported historically too. An approach of forbearance and patience towards mutual
conflicts and disagreements can bear the fruits. Patience, quite contrary to its general
appearance, is a very potent tool that has not been stressed and realized as per it (its)
potential for attainment of worlds peace.in this ever expanding ocean of human beings,
we come across many people whom we dont like for different reasons.
Understandably, we cant love them at all.it is unnatural. Now we can either bear with
them or annihilate them to bring peace. Obviously the better choice is to settle with
them into a relationship of peaceful indifference to prevent conflict and aggression. This
is what great Hindu Mystic Ashoka preached and practiced.
Difficulty in determining the quality of being loyal or disloyal
Faithfulness is very desirable and appreciable quality in human beings. We expect other
(others) to be faithful with (to) us in a different sort of relations and situations. We try
to be faithful to the people, ideas, ideals & countries we adhere to and care for. On the
Contrary, being unfaithful means not caring for those whom you should. Be or not to be
faithful is a subjective concept. Sometimes it becomes very difficult in certain intricate
circumstances to declare a person patriot or traitor, & loyal or disloyal depending upon
the complexity of the situation. The same person can be viewed oppositely from two
different perspectives. Apparently actions may appear different from what they really
are. Ultimately, its the intension; objectives, outcome, and commitment to the stated
goals that determine the difficult question of being faithful or unfaithful.
Questions:
A) According to the writer, a loyal person always offers a helping hand to the needy
& wishes good for them always.
B) Most of us would feel disapproval for (of) such people who are apathetic
towards their loved ones when they are in need & who work against the interest
of their own country.
C) Unimaginative people may condemn a boy for not taking into consideration his
real intention behind his denial to obey his parents order something good and
positive in his mind.
D) Patriotic rebels would not try to curb freedom of speech and preach for their
fellow countrymen.
E) If a boy resists his parents wish to stop studying for helping them as they are
suffering a great deal at the hands of poverty and miseries and he surely is not
doing a praiseworthy thing.
Combating the effects of malnutrition
Unhygienic food and starvation can be extremely risky for human beings, especially if
victims are children below 5 years of age. The Faculty of thinking and human-mind
grows very rapidly in the initial years of development; therefor undernourishment
among children makes cerebral capabilities the most vulnerable one. There has
emerged a ray of hope in India as a result of continuous scientific research for the
solution of this problem. Simple Solution recommends the use of iodized salt & green
vegetation as part of our daily food, adding necessary diet ingredients in items of daily
use and abandoning the use of table salt.
Questions:
1. The most serious harm that can be caused by malnutrition in childhood is the
improper development of the brain leading towards severe mental disorders.
2. Good nourishment is essential in first four years of a childs life as human brain
gets 90% of its total growth in four initial years.
3. Simple Solution to Goiter recommends the use of iodized salt & green vegetation
as part of our daily food.
4. Other suggestions include Adding necessary diet ingredients in items of daily use
and abandoning the use of table salt.
Exercise # 3, Page # 100 Few Glimpses of future life
Expectedly scientific and technological development in coming three or four decades
would profoundly change our lives & lifestyle.it would alter most aspects of life. Man is
getting more and more mastery over life. We would be able to control todays common
medical problems except aging and death. But this scientific development has nothing
to do with the intellectual development of human society & on this faade our
confusions and complex questions would continue haunting (to haunt) us as always.
Our food, which has already changed considerably, will continue changing from natural
to artificial. This progress will affect our means and modes of communication too. Soon
we will have machines taking verbal input from human beings & converting it into text.
Typewriters would only be found in museums. This sort of futures depiction should
neither be considered absurd nor frightening. Todays dreams would ultimately be
translated into tomorrows reality.
Questions
1. Logical absurdities here point towards long, lingering unresolved intellectual
confusions and questions of our lives whose answers are very difficult to find.
2. As the majority of our food would be synthesized in factories in the future, it
would be just like a pill of multivitamins purchased from a chemist.
3. Prospect denotes proposal, plan, scheme or possibility here.
4. A striking prospect means something with higher possibility and exciting outcome
& a gloomy prospect means something with slight chances of occurrence.
Good bye Jam sahib
Today the field of Lords has seen an end of one of the most astonishing and promising
cricketers career of all times called Jam Sahib. He has called it a day. There are no two
opinions about the fact that despite being an Indian he is the most shining star of a
game that is English in its origin. His career statistics vindicate this claim. He is certainly
incomparable to any other batsman in the game. His bat scored generously even against
the wildest bowing attack. There are numerous examples of players who play simply
(simple) as doing a job with minimum involvement of emotions and passion in the
game. But, just scoring runs does not make a batsman the King of the game instead it is
the style, spirit, attitude & his behavior as a sportsman on the field that crowns him. Jam
sahib was indeed the epitome of all these characteristics.
Character analysis of Hitler
Himself a keen reader of history, Hitler emphasized greatly on the importance of
studying history. His devotion and spirit and enthusiasm were mainly derived from his
historys knowledge. He premeditated ebb & flow of different civilization. He grew up in
a disintegrating European society (which was) feared to be soon dominated by Fascist
Jewish ideology if left unattended. This tilted foresight was so deeply embedded in him
that held it too dear to pay heed to any counter argument. His study of the history was
biased and selective. He discarded everything ruthlessly that dint fit into his thought. His
approach as a leader and as a human being is not worth following. He was stubborn,
bigot, arrogant and self-centered both in personal and public life. His views were
immoderate and ultra conservative. He was devoid of the love for (of) arts, literature
and other subtle beauties of life .this had turned him into an oppressor and callous
subjugator.
Treasures of laziness
More chaos than benefit is generated by persons who are overwhelmingly obsessed
with doing something all the time without any clear direction and understanding of the
merits and demerits of their job. Contrary to the general notion, relentlessly doing work
affects the productivity negatively; there must be some breaks and peace in-between to
strike a balance. One need (needs) to understand that pushing against the wall is not
actually working hard rather wasting of energy. Many man-made calamities could have
been averted if people at the helm of affairs were lying idle instead of doing their jobs
improperly. People who remain busy all the time, like politicians and bureaucrats, can
never hit the right chords due to absence of mental serenity and peace. So laziness is,
no doubt, a boon in a unique way.
Indias Track to Glory
Academic world bears the responsibility to keep the torch of righteousness and
optimism higher and lighting, even at times when other segments of society have
shunned it under different pretexts. We must bear in mind that a wrong way can never
lead to the destination. When struggling for an egalitarian Indian society, eradication of
all those causes which create differences among its citizens is of paramount importance.
The State should operate freely without any pressure, prejudice, stereotype, &
preference for any class of people. Indians have already borne the brunt of such
blunders. This testing time demands from us to move on, as a nation, on the path of
equality, fairness, justice, and impartiality with unswerving resolve and utmost self-
control.
Debated Position of Telephone in Modern Society
Diamond jubilee of marvelous brainchild of Graham Bell i.e., telephone is being
celebrated at a time when its status is changing from a boon to a bane in our society. Its
violent power to encroach our privacy, suddenness, uncertainty, and urgency are some
of the negative aspects of it. It removes the physical barriers and exposes us to the
persons whom we dont want to connect with in other situations. On the other side,
despite all its demerits, it has become so inseparably embedded in our lives that it can
be given the status of a necessary evil. It connects us to the world, even right from our
bedroom and is still, surprisingly enough, more efficient and effective than rival means
of communication.
The success of electric bulb
Ideation, realization, & commercialization are 3 important stages of any successful
innovation. Many of the extremely talented people could not see their brainchild
growing on account of their inability to encash their ideas on a commercial basis. Edison
was not only a great inventor, but a successful marketer too. He spread a great deal of
suspense and word of mouth about the luminous bulb among the people even before
its launching. Different unique tactics to introduce the product in the market made it a
hot cake for the investors. Once he overpowered all the hurdles in his way to mass
production of the bulbs, the beginning of the bulb was mesmerizingly superb. In result
of the media coverage he got, Edison became the most celebrated person of (in)
America. He was a big man with a pleasant personality, humanitarian heart & ingenious
mind.
Life in Arabia and the Desert
Geographically speaking, majority of the Arabian Peninsula is covered by hot and thick
layer of sand with green patches, called oasis, found at some places owing to the
availability of ground water. The Inhabitants of these sandy areas are nomads, moving
from one place to another with their herds of animal in search of food and water.
Arabian horse occupies an exceptionally important & cherished position in native Arab
culture & admired globally for its qualities. A Camel is a trustworthy companion of a
Bedouin on account of its ability to share loads of his master and matchless speed in
the desert where nothing can run faster than it.
Gandhiji; Savior of Indians
The arrival and participation of Gandhi infused a new spirit in Indian political and social
life. Himself hailing from a humble background, he was well aware of the tactics and
tools used by imperials to exploit common men. He was a staunch believer & preacher
of the power of truth and bravery. According to him freedom of thought and an
absence of any kind of fear is of paramount importance for individuals and nations. Fear
was the most lethal weapons used by the British to subjugate Indians. It was at the
heart of their different psychological complexes. Gandhi emancipated Indians from this
fear by breaking the unseen shackles of despondency and cowardliness. As fear started
disappearing, truth became clearer and brighter and struggle for the Indian freedom
became formidable.
Questions:
1. Courage to uphold the truth in all circumstances plus boldness and bravery are
the central points of Gandhijis teachings.
2. Fearlessness means not only physical resolution and valor, but courage to speak
the truth and absence of mental reservations as well.
3. The psychological reaction among the people was the sheer realization of the fact
that they were under subjugation of a foreign power which was utterly
disgraceful and demanded immediate great reaction for the freedom.
Printing & European Renaissance
Coming into contact with Greek treasures of knowledge was the start of a European
journey to (of) development. From Turkey Greek knowledge spread throughout the
Europe. Greek books compiled the histories old treasures of knowledge and
investigation. This knowledge laid down the base of our modern scientific world.
Invention of the printing press was instrumental in spreading these pearls of wisdom
across the globe. Writing and copying books was an arduous and exorbitant job before
printing came to the scene in 15
th
century. Printing made it a lot more convenient and
economical to publish books on a mass scale. Books on diverse topics started printing in
Europe and anybody could afford to have all the books of his interest at a very
affordable price. Thus printing proved an engine to Europes awakening.
Democratic approach
The beauty of the democratic system is its belief in the power of argument and debate
for resolving conflicts and minimizing mutual differences rather imposing your views
forcefully. Force and torture are by no mean a solution to the problems. Economic and
social plights of todays man are even worse than slavery. Mere laws and constitution
have not done any good to alleviate poverty and eradicate human exploitation due to
starvation. We cant claim to be a democratic nation until we provide every citizen with
the fundamentals of life. This dream can be realized through by bringing social harmony
& justice in our society through the power of dialogue and persuasion.

The answer for worlds (world) peace
The notion that the unconditional and universal love among people and countries is an
answer to all of the worlds woes and worries is beyond reality and illogical. History
doesnt bear testimony to this justification. An approach of forbearance and patience
towards mutual conflicts and disagreements can bear the fruits. Patience, quite contrary
to its general appearance, is a very potent tool that has not been stressed and realized
as per its potential for attainment of worlds (world) peace.in this ever expanding
ocean of human beings we come across many people whom we dont like for different
reasons. Understandably, we cant love them at all.it is unnatural. Now we can either
bear with them or annihilate them to bring peace. Obviously the better choice is to
settle with them into a relationship of peaceful indifference to prevent conflict and
aggression. This is what great Hindu Mystic Ashoka preached and practiced.
Evolution of life & Study of fossils
The origin of earth dates back to hundreds of thousands of years. It endured Great
physical transformations during this gigantic time period. When we study the present
shape and composition of earth rigorously, it tells a great deal about the changes that it
has undergone since its beginning. The residuals of animals and plants are found buried
in the earths crust in different conditions depending upon their corresponding
structure, features of the place where they are buried and the elapsed time; Some are
found in almost original shape while others have become ashes. As our knowledge of
the primitive eras is very little, we can study these remnants to discover the natural life
& circumstances of that age. Evidence found through studying the remains of the
animals in the earth makes it clearer that life evolved systematically from very primitive
to complicated shape with the passage of time.
Classical vs. modern architect
Disappointingly enough majorities of the buildings design are monotonous contrary to
the past when there was a great deal of variety, beauty & magnificence found in
constructions. Today, financial and time constraints inhibit an architects ability to
dream of such monumental designs as we found around us as remnants of past glory.
From small dwellings to large public buildings, a similar looking square shape pattern is
prevalent. There are found some good designs too, but these constructions are done
with an aim of convenience, usefulness and austerity thus missing luxurious aesthetic
values. Ostensibly similar looking blocks are equipped with all amenities of life in a well
arranged and well-organized manner, thus providing comfort and saving a lot of labor
and time consumed otherwise.
Bounties of Playing Games
If there is no physical incapability or health issue involved, everyone must play one or
another game as games not only discipline our body and mind but provide
entertainment and delight too. Americans and British are fond of Football and other
games and this interest returns them in certain ways. Physically challenging sports
enhance our bodily capabilities and strengths, thus bearing a positive effect on our
lives collectively. There are innumerable activities, games and hobbies to engage with.
E.g., fishing is an excellent adventurous amusement and great exercise. Its thrill and joy
is unreachable, but definitely only for those who give it a try. Likewise horticultural
carries a unique charm and feeling. It just captures you more and more once you get
engage (engaged) with this hobby.

Future of Current Civilization
The contemporary civilization is greater and more potent than the previous civilizations
in many aspects. Impartial, evenhanded & blind Law coupled with Safety and protection
of life and wealth are at the heart of any civilization. Equality before law and security to
(of) life and belongings are conspicuous characteristics of this civilization.it guarantees
smooth functioning of social systems. Another laudable achievement of our civilization
is its effective health care system that is resulting in improved health of people, better
control over diseases and enhanced life expectancy. Furthermore this civilization is not
restricted to a limited geographical area instead it is always spreading at a frantic pace
from one part to another, thus old fear of dying out of a civilization at the hands of an
external invader is mitigating day by day. The world is moving towards a common world
order and single civilization owing to the development and spread of information
technology & mass media. Indeed, there are threats and challenges confronting this
civilizations progress, but it will overpower most of them with lethal tools of science
and technology.
How UN be made Effective?
There are different proposals available regarding diminishing the threat of armed
aggression, destructive hostility and misuse of power by one nation against the other. If
all the countries are equipped sufficiently & have the optimum capability of responding
any aggression on the equal footing, it could surprisingly thwart wars. But this option
may enkindle a blind race for amassing more and more destructive arms leading this
world to the path of doom.
The role of the UN in this regard is important .The UN has approved armed
action as a viable plan of option against transgressors and violators of international law
and covenants; but what limits its ability to be effective in this regard is the absence of
any permanent Army at the disposal of the UN.it is solely dependent on the big
military powers of the world to actualize an armed action plan. This makes UN
ineffective in regions where vested interests of these powers are involved. UN must
have a force of its own if the decisions made by the UN are to be implemented
impartially in true spirit. A failure to comply with the UN laws should be considered a
serious violation and bring serious repercussions for the violating country. This can only
be achieved through power and force. This way UN may be converted into an effective
organization doing something concrete to avoid a disaster and trouble before time.
This notion has been vehemently supported by many veterans of international
relations. UN must train its own Human Resource pertaining to the contingencies and
circumstances that may arise in different areas from time to time. Mighty powers and
major fund (funding) contributors will obviously dislike any such development that
would make UN strong enough to even punish them if they violate its charter, but these
obstacles can be dominated if the resolve is firm and unflinching.

Pros & Cons of Scientific Chemicals
The use of scientific chemicals in agriculture to curb the growth of unwanted plants and
animals is increasing every year. The role of these chemicals is debatable on account of
their impact on human life. A careful estimate suggests that a great deal of grains & land
are wasted owed to different plant and animal parasites. The scientific development
and research has (have) enabled us to fight these enemies of crops effectively resulting
in a significant increase in per acre yield every passing year. The importance of these
chemicals increases all the more in a world where population is always increasing and
cultivable land is decreasing. But there is also a darker side of this development. These
chemicals are extremely hazardous for (to) human health and contaminate our
environment. Some plants when sprayed or treated with these chemicals themselves
become poisonous, thus resulting in loss of life if consumed by a living being.
Unscrupulous and excessive use of such sensitive chemicals, ignoring the precautions
and instructions may pose serious threats to our society as a whole. To avoid this misuse
strict legislation and enforcement of respective laws coupled with firm check and
balance is of paramount importance. Only trained and authorized persons should be
allowed to deal and handle this sort of chemicals.US has done laudably good in this
regard but the UK needs to do more. Large scale producers and suppliers usually are
aware of the methodology and precautions involved in the use of Pesticides and
insecticides, but Small scale farmers needs to be educated and made aware of the
senility of the issue these chemicals cant be banned altogether on account of the
threats arising out of their misuse as they are playing a great role for producing food for
us but their proper, careful and legitimate handling must be ensured at all costs to save
a precious human life.

Understanding Happiness
There isnt any agreed upon definition of happiness. The Notion of happiness varies
from person to person and age to age. The things that give pleasure to a person might
offend other (another). So its chemistry is difficult to understand. For some people
happiness lies more in the struggle than in the reward. Ones age group also has a
connection with happiness. Some say youth is the happiest period of ones life while
others claim old age as a golden age. Observation also reveals that bachelors are usually
more frustrated than married people; but sometimes contradictory results are also
seen, but marital bond for sure helps you lessen your fears and frustration. The gist of
the issue is that a person who needs a particular reason to be happy will rarely find it.
Ebb and flow are inseparable parts of life. A person cannot always remain happy;
neither is it a sensible ambition. A study of Life histories of great men would divulge
that despairs and disappointments had had a remarkable contribution in making them
what they were.it is not strange that grieves and sorrows have always been considered
a curse to (of) human life ignoring the virtues they bring along them. Religious
teachings are good in a sense that they help a person endure difficulties with optimism
and resolution (resolve), but those who renounce the world altogether to escape the
worries of life and find pleasures are the worst sort of cowards (cowardice). Fighting
unfavorable circumstances is a mannish thing. In life of mystics and saints, we can find a
great deal of inspiration to combat difficulties of life. Every kind of suffering and
misfortune was unable to knock them down and after every such trial they emerged
triumphant. Happiness lies in contributing & doing some meaningful job than sitting
idle. Appraisal and acknowledgement received in result of your efforts and hard work is
(are) blissful indeed. Its the pinnacle of happiness. Happiness can be summarized in
three points: a clear and candid vision, serenity found at home, & acknowledgement of
your work by others. We are living in a time where we are way more concerned with
happenings around us in the world than ever before. This adds considerably to our
worries.
End of Experience Philosophy
The Young are overtaking aged people and the old notion of being superior due to
greater experience is dying out. The monopoly over experience claimed by our elders is
over. New teachings, paradigms and approaches are taking place of the old ones. The
beliefs about good and evil are transmuting. All members of a group may experience
one incident differently depending upon the personal dispositions & frame of mind so
generalizability of ones experiences is absurd. A novelist or writer writes most of the
times on the things which he never experienced in his whole life rather just observed
through eye or words. This strong power of observation and imagination enables him to
describe something beautifully without having real exposure of it. The most famous love
stories and thrillers have been written by the writers who didnt feel love and thrill in
reality but used their imagination only in a superb fashion. A writer is a writer due to his
powers of mind and proficiency with pen. He doesnt require particular experience to
write about any topic. Many prominent artists & writers did their work with meager
resources and minimum exposure and experience. This asserts that experience is not
prerequisite to produce something extraordinary. But there are writers and creators
who are helpless without some strong incentives and experience to work.to them
definitions of beauty, wonder, & extraordinary are different from us all. They move
against the collective mindset of the society and try to earn for them a unique position
owing to their bizarre taste and absurd logics. They cherish every unnoticeable & weird
thing to show the powers of their pens. They are myopic in approach. Antagonizing
anything appealing general people is by no way a superb talent. This kind of people fails
to realize that beauty of life is also worth appreciating and experiencing even in small
tiny unnoticeable things. Only a devastation or an abstract idea thing is not only worth
writing on (about). A writer or an artist should be able to recognize and appreciate
extraordinary beauty and value found in ordinary things. The fortress of Experience
philosophy is no collapsing owing to weaknesses and faults in it.
The Direction of Scientific Revolution
The scientific development wiped away Many old traditions and customs from
the surface. The dominance of science, reasoning and democratic values over centuries
old dogmatic beliefs and a religious power is the most striking feature of the present
era. This change was evolutional and gradual. At first priests lost their powers and then
balance of power shifted in favor of traders and businessmen leaving behind landlords.
Then systems based on democracy and Marxism captured the reins.
Modern civilization has both downsides & upsides. Forsaking religious values
completely was not a farsighted move, but accepting the power of science was a
remarkable move forward. The scientific development was very slow owing to the
dominant opposition of the church, but science stood victorious in the end. There is a
plain difference between ecclesiastical and scientific power. There arent any
compulsions, coercion or requisite adherence to some rules and principles in science. It
is a very adaptive, dynamic, & a specific framework of knowledge, claiming only those
realities which it has power to verify .Science keeps on evolving and doesnt claim to be
absolute & invariable opposite to the religious doctrines.
Applied aspect of science has been far greater a boon than theoretical aspect.
The practical power of science stunned everyone through development of superior and
powerful weaponry for the army. Then science developed machines and tools that
transformed life comprehensively. Diminishing religious values, even before the
scientific revolution, resulted in devastation of family & social bonds and individuals
were no more bound by any force. This was quite tragic in Italy and Spain after the
transformation movement started. This boundless freedom created many social,
cultural & economic problems in early times of Knowledge revolution. Then scientific
progress gave birth to a new kind of man who was far different from his ancestors. He
was able to take charge of his surroundings. Scientific enables a man to achieve much
more than he could achieve 2 centuries ago. Modern development requires people to
work collectively and no individual is able enough to achieve something valuable in
isolation. All knowledge is based on sharing. But, Science left behind ethics and
discarded notions of right or wrong as were given by religion. It encourages anything
that is superior in technique which can lead this world to devastation in (at) the end.
There should be direction and guidelines for scientific development provided by
philosophy to curb this potent force.
Amazing Power of Propaganda
There are two types of propaganda: 1st in which symbols and message is (are)
clearly understood in its proper context on factual grounds by the target audience and
2
nd
in which symbols are not properly interpreted leading to some skewed
understanding of the message. This second type of propaganda is very useful for
different sort of enterprises (enterprise). Simple people are easy targets rather victims
of this type of propaganda due to their inability to analyze the contents in detail.
Cosmetic products, contrary to reality, are projected as unbelievably powerful enough
to transform every woman into an extremely beautiful supermodel. This kind of
propaganda finds acceptance among target audience despite its falsified claims because
the appeal is directed at formidable natural desire to look beautiful and attractive
among others. Marketers sell fictional ideas. Through this type of appeal businesses
earn heavy sums of profits. The recipe of success is simple; hit where it hurts more.
Identification of a strong, unfulfilled desire and then promising to fulfill that is all an
advertiser needs to do well to earn money. Nobody buys a product. Everyone pays for
some unsatisfied desire.
Religious attachment and appeal is a very good example of the power of
propaganda. Religion propagates its message through fascinating symbols of
sacredness, purity and rewards in hereafter by focusing human emotions. On other
hand unholy appeal is also strong due to its power to attract human beings towards the
beauty and pleasures of this life. Religion and politics have blurred the concept of
beauty in this world.
Advertisers embellish their ads through maximum visual beauty to attract
attention and then liking of maximum no of audience successfully. This leads them to
achieve their goal of winning a customer in the end.
Kids are very easy targets of marketers to get the desired results. They cant
analyze propaganda in an ad on account of their inability to analyze fact rationally. They
force their parents to get anything they find interesting and tempting. Advertisement
has changed entire childhood. Todays children are tomorrows potential buyers. So
marketers try to inculcate in them a strong affiliation and a desire for a particular
product through well planned ads.

Civil Services in Modern Time
Job and career of a civil servant is (are) far different from other jobs.it is a very strict
system of rules and policies in which a man with a vigorous person may find difficulties
to adjust because of the fixed parameters and time bound promotions. Civil services
offer some unique gainful features like job security, satisfactory financial reward and
after service benefits. The promotional structure of civil services might be slow but one
can reach his potential by working hard persistently. Not all powerful, indeed but still A
civil servant has adequate powers with due indemnity of his actions. Over the time
British Civil service has undergone considerable changes. A Civil servant is no longer an
officer who works as per his own schedule and enjoys abundant leisure time. The job is
hectic and demanding now. Workload has increased to a level where it becomes
depressive and appalling frequently. The benefits and privileges enjoyed by civil
servants demand a heavy toll from them. A Civil servant is expected to be strictly
professional, cautious, calculated and adherent of rules and policies. His actions should
be rationally derived from stipulated rules and modus operandi instead of his whims
and caprices. He must perform his duties impartially, without allowing his personal
preferences and disposition comes into (in) the way. National interest must be
preferred on personal gains.it is a requisite for a good civil servant. They must avoid any
blemish of corruption on their careers line between personal and official position is very
subtle. Any secret of national importance must be dealt with utmost care. A civil servant
is expected to be resolute enough to safeguard the collective interest by overlooking all
temptations for (to) the contrary. There are some violators in the ranks, but the
majority is true to their profession.

Curious case of legal Theft
Intruders who disturb the private life of others by trampling over the limits of decency
and morality are some sort of mysterious offenders for whom there is no punishment or
penalty available in law. This excessive interruption in others affairs is not recognized as
a crime because of its subtle nature. Man is a social animal and he depends and
interacts with others in different sort of situations all the time, but there are certain
limits that must be observed while one is interfering in others matters. Beyond those
limits any trespassing is absolutely unendurable.in two types of societys i.e., Rural and
Urban attitude of people regarding this behavior is different. People in a rural setting
are unduly interested in knowing everything about everyone around them. Any
information got as a result is spread all around. This is very disturbing for cultured
person (people). On the other hand, in Metropolises dwellers are indifferently
uninterested even in their next door neighbors affairs. Undue Meddling in private
affairs in not limited to only individuals, but even found at a very higher levels (level).
Citizens are guaranteed certain rights by the state, but they are helpless in cases when
the beauties of their cities and surrounding are destroyed by erecting skyscrapers and
likewise constructions that affect architectural loveliness of their surroundings. A man
cannot even prevent his home from certain ugly effects of the construction around it.
There are certain laws that protect intellectual property rights, but they do not
sufficiently cover all such rights because in certain cases a violation or theft cannot be
established before the law for want of concrete evidence. Theft of ideas, story, jokes,
phrases and superior artistic design and arrangements is in vogue and hard to eliminate.
But the positive side of the story is that a loser may imitate you or steal your ideas and
designs, but can never deprive you off (of) the superior artistic and aesthetic faculty
with which you can do wonders.

Hurdles in way of regionalizing Indian universities
In a multicultural, multiethnic & multilingual country like India universities are subjected
to a great deal of pressure from different circles of the society for securing varied nature
of demands. Regionalization of universities is one of them. These demands, justified
though, need to be analyzed on a rational & the objective ground before accepting.
Most emphatic of these demands is adopting regional languages as language of syllabus
and medium of instruction. There are both merits and demerits of this. This needs to be
assessed thoroughly before giving approval.it is justified in the sense that students can
get maximum out of a lecture delivered in their native language.in case of India,
contrary to the European model, it doesnt seem plausible because there are more than
12 regional languages instead of one or two. Regionalization of universities would create
different problems impeding the process of national harmony and assimilation. Not any
of the regional language is powerful enough to survive on its own in the absence of
other languages. Every single lingual group is a vehement supporter of its own language
repelling all others. This is utterly counterproductive. So, adopting regional languages at
universities would do more harm than good to our National objectives. A single
language as a medium of communication and expression among topnotch segment
(segments) of the society is requisite for efficient administration and development of
the state. Sanskrit played this role well and then English replaced it to some extent in
the colonial era. Right now there isnt any agreed upon an alternative to English is
available for us as a main language. Prospects for Hindi to become a single national
language are not very promising because a large chunk of society cant communicate in
it.in this situation, any attempt to regionalize universities jeopardize the pace of
national development making India lagging behind the developing world.
Enthusiasm towards Life
Enthusiasm is an important attribute to judge humans cheerfulness.it can be
understood simply through eating behavior that is analogous to the humans approach
towards life. Among humans, there are four observed eating behaviors. For some
people eating food hasnt any kind of appeal & charm due to its abundance and lack of
hunger. Then there are people who eat just as a part of medication under a compulsion
missing any sort of taste. The 3
rd
category comprises of the people who miss the balance
and eat rapaciously destroying their own health. The final class of people eat (eats)
only with genuine appetite when they are hungry & dont go beyond whats required.
Same is the case with humans approach towards life.in the same way people behave
towards life for some it is colorless and dull while others enjoy every bit of it. There isnt
any objective criteria (criterion) to measure happiness found in some activity or action
but obviously the one who is doing something good and exciting has an edge over those
who are busy condemning everything for nothing. A person, who enjoys reading, is
indeed better than a person who doesnt even read. Pleasures of life are directly
proportional to utilize the available time to the fullest utility doing as many adventures
as you can. Pleasure is not limited to be found in extra ordinary things; rather it may be
found in very trivial things which are insignificant for (to) others .Sherlock Homes
valued a simple hat as a precious treasure. During a leisure (leisurely) walk across the
fields one may enjoy the extraordinary beauty of the nature at its best. Birds, fields,
breeze, aroma of crops and panorama view of the grounds is fascinating in in its
experience.so a man who enjoys all this is better adapted to the world than anyone else.

Ingredients of wisdom
Astuteness and sagacity in human beings is not a single trait rather it is a combination of
no of characteristics, abilities and qualities. The most important thing in this regard is to
estimate true value of different things in their right perspective. It is difficult to estimate
the results and repercussions of some development before they are actuated and
applied in true sense due to the involvement of many uncontrollable variables. The real
impact of a new discovery or invention in the future cant be known.so it becomes very
difficult in some cases to analyze each and every factor involved in a development. The
second important part of astuteness is the objective and motive of your work or quest.
The objectives must be constructive and beneficial. Greatness demands from a person
to keep his personal preferences, emotions and biases aside from his research and
analysis & to use his talent and energies for the collective wellbeing of the society.
Clarity of objectives and productivity of aims is not only required at macro scale, but at
individual level too. Many researchers exhausted their energies and wasted their talent
pursuing meaningless ends. Using ones endowments and energies for a productive
pursuit and research that leads to the maximum benefit of the mankind is also part of
the human greatness. Human beings are inherently biased and attracted towards
certain ideas and ideals. It is actually not possible to get rid of emotional attachments
and ideas that have been inculcated since our childhood. Getting rid of this inflated ego
is a daunting task. This could greatly accelerate the journey in the direction of wisdom
and greatness & would help in understanding the problems and issues in the outer
world. This greatness of thinking and action is not something that is god gifted and
fixed.it can be learned. Educational intuitions can play a decisive role in this respect
provided teachers are capable enough to mold students mind (minds) & thinking in a
positive way. There is a sheer difference between what we preach and what we do. This
difference needs to be brought down. Peace and prosperity would only come if we
invest our energies for not only struggling against criminals nut also against those
factors which lead to an offense and crime. This is the only way out for our generation.
The Secret of Happiness
The most critical and daunting question confronting great intellectuals and philosophers
has been the search of the true meaning of happiness. Many tried to explain it in their
own ways. Aristotle dealt with this in quite a simple and pragmatic way. He dint preach
something impractical and beyond human powers. He contends that all of our actions
derive from a strong desire for getting contentment. But the unprincipled pursuit of
happiness by trampling over noble human values is condemnable. Furthermore, the
most distinguishing features of human beings are their cognitive faculty which helps
them rule over this planet. The right use of this power would lead human beings to self-
fulfillment. Clear conscious, refined judgment & similar qualities are resultant of a long
journey on the path of wisdom & knowledge. The simplest way of acquiring this quality
is always choosing middle & an expedient way while making different choices. This
middle way is not synonymous to mathematical average or middle; rather it is the
refined ability to take on the best way possible between two opposite extremes. Careful
and conscientious decision and choices result in greatness of personality. Thus,
Greatness is not an attribute or a single trait in itself rather it is a manifestation of many
dynamic traits and practices that are repeatedly performed by an individual. The Young
are especially prone to the extremes due to recklessness that is an integral part of this
stage of life thus missing the vital middle and judicious way most of the time costing a
heavy toll on them. This middle way approach has been a conspicuous characteristic of
Greek approach. For them desires can be both constructive and damaging. Practical
philosophy adds something more in this simple approach.it advocates that an optimum
(optimal) amount of material resources to lead a balanced life, coupled with amenities
of life are necessary to secure happiness along with the middle way approach. Without
any doubt, neither excess nor scarceness is advantageous for human beings. Along all
this companionship adds beauty & colors to life. Quality friendship requires
understanding, patience and long extent of time. A few friends with whom you can
share your sorrows and pleasures & trust them completely are preferred. Despite all this
happiness is an intangible transcendent quality that stems from our inner selves.
Treasure of happiness is not found in mundane perishable objects & achievements
rather it subsists in superior endeavor for truth, reality & excellence.
The Pursuit of Equality
The concept, philosophy and the meaning of equality vary considerably from country to
country as is evident from looking at American & French constitutions.US declaration
faultily declares every individual equals in all respects, which is absurd in reality. There
are differences found among human beings. In contrast the assertion of French
constitution is more appropriate and near to logic.it identifies those domains in which
equality among citizens must be ensured by the state. Equality is ensured in terms of
the provision of the basic human rights. The Conservative approach is changing now;
every individual deserves fair chances to formulate his own destiny. The Notion of
equality stemmed from the teachings of Christianity that emphatically proclaimed that
men are born equal and there isnt any distinction among them in front of the creator.
Despite a strong appeal in the message it could not be practically implemented on one
pretext or the other. Tentacles of feudalism were strong enough to defy any movement
subduing its powers. The Status of a man was determined by the accident of birth. After
reforms movement in Europe feudalism was replaced by another curse named
capitalism. Equality has been for long pursued in France and in many aspects it is more
important than freedom. The French revolution was spearheaded by people from
humble backgrounds vindicating preference of talent over wealth. France was successful
enough to secure democratic rights for its citizens, but despite all the efforts social and
economic tiers dint cease to exist. The question of equality and personal freedom has
remained unresolved even in modern times and many eminent scholars and
intellectuals of the subject changed their views regarding equality watching the failure
of their ideas and ideals. The meaning, application and nature of equality differs greatly
political and economic domains. Giving each individual equal right to choose his
representative encompasses political equality that has been attained in most parts of
the modern world, but this is not as simple a case in the economic domain. Economic
equality cannot be attained in a controlled fashion rather it is a free phenomenon.it
needs to be understood that equality cannot be attained in every field.it is an
unthinkable option. The state should aim at guaranteeing provision of equal
opportunities & rights to every citizen for making his life up to his struggle and talent.
Wars & Struggle for Freedom
Armed combats and social upheavals shaped the outlook of 20
th
centurys world. Most
of the old ideologies and systems were swept away by modern forces, but invasions,
hegemony & public discontent remained intact .Oppression and injustice give birth to
the desire for bringing in a new social system through mass awakening and collective
efforts which ensures liberty and justice to all. Shockingly enough, despite all the
development of modern time the shackles of bondage still exist inflicting pains and
sufferings to (of) the masses. Any movement aiming at freedom was disappointedly
neglected by most of the revolutionaries themselves. The Concept of freedom has been
unduly relegated into the debate for avoiding wars and confrontations. There isnt any
direct link between armed conflicts and struggle for freedom and social justice. There is
a plain difference of objectives between war and a movement for social reforms.
Invasions and justice had only been justified with the aim of eradicating injustice and
tyranny as we can see in Greek society. But the Greeks were concerned with the
happening within the bounds of their polity. They were aloof to the circumstances of
the rest of the world. In old roman society we find another rationale for inflicting wars
and subjugating others and that is to secure your interests no matter material or
nonmaterial. Romans regarded arms as sacred tools to decide intricate questions and
conflicts among nations. Securing an interest was enough provocation for inflicting a
war on others.it might seems (seem) illogical and absurd today, but was a reality just a
century ago freedom as a motivation for war is not found in Roman history. First World
War changed altogether the conception of wars and destruction. Demanding freedom at
the cost of scarifying millions of human lives and destruction of property is not an
acceptable choice. But it should not be considered a license to subjugate and oppress
the whole world on the dint of power. Both proponent (proponents) and opponent
of freedom and war have not ascertained the repercussions and options astutely. They
need to develop a better insight before promulgating war or freedom.

Rediscovering Our Educational System
The Flawed educational system is giving birth to a no of grave problems in our society.
World resources are being wasted absurdly for establishing supremacy and hegemony
over other nations. The role of academia is very important in this sense. Educational
institutions train students on a fixed pattern ignoring their individuality and creativity.
The most sensitive period of students lives is spent at (in) schools. Our schools have
become mere pawns at the disposal of the privileged class to secure their vested
interests through controlled training and syllabi & they help maintaining status quo in
the society. Children are held under strict control and given limited & precise exposure
at a juncture of life when their cognitive faculties start developing. This results in
winning conformity and obedience for (to) the system from them. The productivity and
creativity is (are) badly tarnished by these schools. This kind of schooling is more
destructive than productive. But there is no immediate solution available to this
problem. Obliviousness cant be chosen in any case over lopsided learning. But this class
based educational system must be replaced by a more just and egalitarian training
system aiming at polishing students abilities and thinking dimensions rather just
enslaving them to the current system at any cost.to design one such system is a
Herculean task.it needs a lot of contemplation & understanding. This new system should
ensure the liberty of thinking, acknowledgement and appreciation for creativity, self-
learning, adequate amusement and entertainment and off (of) course teaching how to
read and write. This kind of schooling can not only produce good politicians and
business tycoons, but above them good human beings & citizens. A school should be
designed in a way that it becomes a good alternative of home for a child & relationship
between a teacher and student is more of like a parent and a child than of a master and
slave.as a child grows older his affection , bond and interests should increase at school.
This way we can protect this noble talent from going (to lose) lost.
Blind Chase of Pleasures
The most alarming threat to our civilization is neither armed hostilities nor lust of power
rather it lies in psychological and moral deterioration of nations. Hedonism & profligacy
are defining features of our time. This shallow hedonism is extremely lethal for any
society of the world. Glory lies in contributing & labor instead of squandering valuable
resources for momentary pleasures and vanishing desires. A pleasure that is derived
from a lifeless activity is temporary & pursuit of one after another desire to procure
happiness is never fruitful enough to last long. This was not the case 2 centuries ago.
People would enjoy and cherish music, dancing, literature, festivals, rural festivities,
poetry and other such artistic activities which involved much of mental exertion and
effort. It was not limited to elites, but all segments of the society were actively involved
in that. It required a lot of effort and involvement. These passions were enthralling,
energetic & gratifying in true sense. It all changed with the passage of time & now we
are mere sluggish buyers of entertainment missing any sort of personal involvement and
effort. Our cinemas show movies in which there isnt any emotional & psychological
connection established between screen and spectators. Most of the artistic professions
have been commercialized compromising quality to a great extent. The mass provision
of information and entertainment stuff has turned readers and spectators into
unintelligent beings just passively reading and watching habitually without giving their
cognitive ability a little bit trouble. Instead of playing in the field people watch a live
broadcast of games over television screens. Dance also wants in individuality and
delight. This kind of entertainment which lacks any sort of physical or mental exertion is
jeopardizing the mental and physical health of the citizens. Even our jobs have become
monotonous and phlegmatic missing any movement or creativity. The modern lifestyle
is unnatural & resultantly people are becoming dumb & dull having no fascination and
vigor in their lives. It points towards an approaching time when lack of interest and
monotony will become a serious nuisance for our civilization. The uninterested and
detached system of entertainment inspires energetic youth to use their energies in
illegal activities. This unfair pursuit of pleasure and desires would lead our civilization to
the verge of destruction just like Roman civilization.
The Way of Truth in Scientific Age
Every era has its own features and requirements. The present era is identified by a
unique scientific development and pervasiveness in which knowledge is the most
powerful tool. Due to the fast pace of development and changing fast and dynamic
findings; it has become all the more important to be honest and truthful defeating all
temptations and provocations. Misuse of facts & maneuvering of truth can harvest
disastrous penalties. The Truth is not just a choice; its a must in modern information
society. Contrary to the pure sciences which are backed by experimental results and
findings, truth is not an integral part of all the segments of research and knowledge
especially when it comes to politics and social sciences. Truth is still not patronized at
state level in many countries. Still opinions are checked and facts censored. Different
sorts of bars are imposed to hinder truth. In this context, it is important to comprehend
that freedom is not the same as truth but required for truth to thrive. When we look at
politics and social sciences, there are many writers trying their best to protect the truth,
but it is less common when it comes to the real scenario and truth still remains a rare
commodity. Truth is a bitter pill to swallow for many at the helm of affairs. No one is
spared of this infection but as in some professions peoples lives are more publically
exposed they seem more corrupt to us. Even the writers and intelligentsias whom we
consider above suspicion are bound by certain limitations and make compromises at
various places.in personal matters; sometimes it is desirable to conceal some facts or
manipulate them to save some damage but in public affairs any such attempt is a crime
and may harvest disastrous penalties.it cant be justified on any pretext. The tempering
of truth impede (impedes) pace of national development and progress. Honesty is a
requisite quality in national affairs. When trying to identify the roots of this problem, a
close investigation will make it clear that political rivalry among different parties in a
democratic system give (gives) vent to falsehood and erroneous propaganda against
political opponents. This is an inherent flaw found in a democratic political system. Its
alternative available in the form of dictatorship or the single party system doesnt
provide a rosy picture either.it becomes even tougher to guard the truth in tyrannical
polity .The solution lies in equipping democracies with stringent check and balance
system coupled with fair accountability for all and sundry without any distinction.
The Fringe Benefits of Free Speech
There are two major types of people as far as expression of emotions is concerned. The
first type comprises of the people who are emotionally charged and short tempered.
Any attempt to sprees their voice may flare them up resulting in extremely devastating
reaction. The second type comprises (is comprised) of the people who are mild,
receptive, democratic, civilized and watchful in their approach towards dissention
(dissenting) & they express their grievances & protest through the power of pen and
words they speak. Any policy of suppressing this type of voice will lead to even more
dangerous consequences than that of the first scenario. No force in this world can
control and suppress speech & truth. Any ruler trying to have a control over critics
speech and nonconforming opinions, calls for his own doom and destruction.it is a
symbol of political sagacity and acumen to let the oppositions voice float freely. Just
this approach declared Walpole a great statesman in the history. Even among nations,
there are many political, economic and social problems that give birth to hostility and
lead to intolerance towards each other. These (this) needs to be curtailed through a
dogged will. There has been a visible shift in British policy of acceptance &
permissiveness towards other nations on one account or the other. Obviously some
people exploited British friendly policy of acceptance & leniency but this policy also won
Britain many brilliant relationships and human resource. Suspicion and mistrust towards
all emigrants is not a healthy trend. Ill-treatment of a female writer at the hands of
British forces just because of her unorthodox voice is not something to be proud of.
Being vigilant is not bad, but being obsessed with national security makes a country
unjust. Letting the free speech prevail without any hindrance is paradoxically more
fruitful for any government.it gives a nonviolent vent to publics (public) grievances
and frustration thus avoiding bang of accumulated and suppressed emotions in a
destructive way. This policy of forbearance, indifference, liberty & free speech is so
powerful that it can even protect a dictators rule. Political opponents should not only
be given freedom of expression, but they must be officially facilitated in this regard to
have their say. Another tactic involves sponsoring comical newspapers and witty writers.
They have a wonderful impact on publics opinion due to the unique position of humor
in our lives. These tactics would not allow opposition to make their agenda successful by
portraying ruler as a tyrant and heartless & would not let the opposition win an edge
over the ruler. This is the most simple and effective recipe for securing a regime from
demise.
Role of Literature in Modern Society
The writers friend has written him a letter claiming that science has been victorious
over literature. Debate regarding the supremacy of science over literature has been in
vogue both in scientific and literary circles. The assertion that the science has defeated
literature and taken-over the throne from it is absurd, illogical, and biased in its essence
because there isnt any common ground between these two for doing a sensible
comparison. Literature and science are utterly different with respect to their objectives,
roles & contributions in the society. Literature, without any doubt, has undergone
considerable changes over the centuries owing to numerous elements & science being
one of them. Todays literature is far different than that of the classical era, but its role,
importance, & contribution is not too subtle to ignore. Literature and science do not
converge mutually at a point rather moving in parallel, but it doesnt imply that there is
any competitiveness among them. They carry unique positions in their respective
domains. Those who try to establish a rivalry between them fail to comprehend that
both are inevitable in any society. Indeed, literature is going through a tougher phase
and scientific progress is attracting more and more talented people due to great
acknowledgement and substantial paybacks but it does not indicate the altogether
demise of literary activity in the society. We can easily identify the impact of scientific
research and marvelous developments on (in) post 19
th
century literature. But the
noteworthy point is that these scientific developments and theories may diminish and
lose their importance with the passage of time, but the life and value of literature is
timeless. Science affects human mind as an external force and opens new avenues of
thought and hopefulness. But its effects are temporary & bound to diminish with the
passage of time .Contrary to that literature emanates from human life and thrives in a
human environment with miseries and hopes alike. Science lacks behind literature in
this regard for its inability to have lasting impacts on human mind and thoughts. Science
can only invent and produce things, but the spirit, romance, beauty and color in our
lives is added by literature .So despite all dazzle of scientific development, suffice is to
say that the existence of literature is not in danger at the hands of science and
literature enjoys an unmatched and unrivaled position in our society.

Precis Manual (Solution) R.Dhillon

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Precis Manual (Solution) R.Dhillon

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Solution Manual

Prcis writing By R.Dhillon

You might also like