Arithmetical Reasoning

Ex. 1. In a chess tournament each of six players will play every other player exactly once. How
many matches will be played during the tournament?
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 3 (d) 36 !".#.I. 1$$5%
"learly& we will consider the following matches'
(i) matches of first player with other 5 players(
(ii) matches of second player with ) players other than the first player(
(iii) matches of third player with 3 players other than the first and second players(
(iv) matches of fourth player with 2 players other than the first three players( and
(v) match of fifth player with the sixth one.
So, number of matches played during the tournament = 5 + + ! + " + 1 = 15
Ex. ". *he following +uestions are based on the given data for an examination.
!,% "andidates appeared . 15
!#% -assed in all the five sub.ects 5/05
!"% -assed in three sub.ects only 1)$0
!1% -assed in two sub.ects only 125
!2% -assed in one sub.ect only 035
!3% 3ailed in 2nglish only 40
!5% 3ailed in 6aths only 245
!H% 3ailed in -hysics only 1)$
!l% 3ailed in "hemistry only 1)4
(J) 3ailed in #iology only 221
#. 1. How many candidates failed in all the sub.ects?
(a) )015 (b) 3314 (c) 20/4 (d) 362
Sol. "learly& candidates failed in all the sub.ects
= !"andidates appeared% 7 !"andidates failed in 1& 2& 3 or 5 sub.ects
+ "andidates failed in 1 sub.ect only% = 15 7 !5/05 + 1)$0 + 125 + 035 + 40 + 245 + 1)$ +
1)4 + 221%
8 15 7 1130 8 3/2.
Hence& the answer is (d).
$E%%&'(A)RA* +ASE' #,ES-(.%S
3ive hundred candidates appeared in an examination
comprising of tests in 2nglish& Hindi and 6athematics.
*he diagram gives the number of candidates who failed
in different tests. 9hat is the percentage of candidates
who failed in at least two sub.ects ?
(a) .40 (b) 1. (c) /.0 (d) 7.8
Sol. "learly& number of candidates who failed in at least two sub.ects 8 number of
candidates who failed in two or more sub.ects
8 !1 + 12 + 12 + 5% 8 3$.
:e+uired ;percentage 8 !((x 1% < 8 4.0<.
Hence& the answer is (d).
1

1. , shepherd had 14 sheep. ,ll but nine died. How many was he left with?
(a) =il (b) 0 (c) $ (d) 14 !:ailways& 1$$5%
". , bird shooter was as>ed how many birds he had in the bag. He replied that there were all
sparrows but six& all pigeons but six& and all doc>s but six. How many birds had he in all ?
(a) $ (b) 10 (c) 24 (d) 36
!. 9hat is the smallest number of duc>s that could swim in this formation 7 two duc>s in
front of a duc>& two duc>s behind a duc> and a duc> between two duc>s?
(a) 3 (b) 5 (c) 4 (d) $
. , group of 12 persons consisting of captains and soldiers is traveling in a train. 3or7
every 15 soldiers there is one captain. *he number of captains in the group is? !Hotel 6anagement&
1$$2% .
(a) 05 (b) 0 (c) 45 (d) 70
5. ,runa cut a ca>e into two halves and cuts one half into smaller pieces of e+ual si?e. 2ach
of the small pieces is twenty grams in weight. If she has seven pieces of the ca>e in all with
her& how heavy was the original ca>e? !@.I.".1$$)%
(a) 12 grams (b) 1) grams (c) 2) grams (d) 20 grams (e) =one of these
/. 3irst bunch of bananas has ;) again as many bananas as a second bunch. If the second
bunch has 3 bananas less than the first bunch& then the number of bananas in the first bunch
are !A.".:.,. 1$$/%
(a) $ (b) 1 (c) 12 (d) 15
0. ,t the end of a business conference the ten people present all sha>e hands with each other
once. How many handsha>es will there be altogether? !6.#.,. 1$$4%
(a) 2 (b) )5 (c) 55 (d) 90
1. , student got twice as many sums wrong as he got right. If he attempted )0 sums in all&
how many did he solve correctly? !6.#.,. 1$$)%
(a) 12 (b) 1/ (c) 2) (d) 18
2. *he number of boys in a class is three times the number of girls. 9hich one of the
following numbers cannot represent the total number of children in the class? !A.".:.,.
1$$3%
(a) )0 (b) )) (c) )2 (d) 40
13. , placed three sheets with two carbons to get two extra copies of the original. *hen he
decided to get more carbon copies and folded the paper in such a way that the upper half of
the sheets were on top of the lower half. *hen he typed. How many carbon copies did he get ?
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) )
11. , motorist >nows four different routes from #ristol to #irmingham. 3rom #irmingham to
Aheffield he >nows three different routes and from Aheffield to "arlisle he >nows two
different routes. How many routes does he >now from #ristol to "arlisle ?
(a) ) (b) 0 (c) 12 (d) 2)
1". In a class& there are 10 boys who are over 1/ cm tall. If these constitute three fourths of
the boys and the total number of boys is two7thirds of the total number of students in the
class& what is the number of girls in the class ? !I.,.A. 1$$2%
(a) / (b) 12 (c) 10 (d) 2)
1!. , bus starts from city B. *he number of women in the bus is half of the number of men.
In city C& 1 men leave the bus and five women enter. =ow& number of men and women is
e+ual. In the beginning& how many passengers entered the bus? !"entral 2xcise& 1$$5%
(a) 15 (6) 3 (c) 3/ (d) 45
1. In a class& 2< of the members own only two cars each& )< of the remaining own
three cars each and the remaining members own only one car each. 9hich of the following
statements is definitely true from the given statements?
(a) Dnly 2< of the total members own three cars each.
!b% )0< of the total members own only one car each.
(c) /< of the total members own at least two cars each.
(d) 0< of the total members own at least one car. (e) =one of these E#an> -.D. 1$$0%

2

15. #etween two boo>7ends in your study are displayed your five favourite pu??le boo>s. If
you decide to arrange the five boo>s in every possible combination and moved .ust one
boo> every minute& how long would it ta>e you ?
(a) 1 hour (6) 2 hours (c) 3 hours (d) ) hours
1/. I have a few sweets to be distributed. If I >eep .2& 3 or ) in a pac>& I am left with one
sweet. If I >eep 5 in a pac>& I am left with none. 9hat is the minimum number of sweets I
can have to pac> and distribute? !,ssistant 5rade& 1$$2%
(a) 25 (6) 34 (c) 5) (d) 65
10. 6r. Fohnson was to earn G 3 and a free holiday for seven wee>sH wor>. He wor>ed for
only ) wee>s and earned G 3 and a free holiday. 9hat was the value of the holiday ?
(a) G 3 (6) G 33 (c) G 3/ (d) G )2
11. In a cric>et match& five batsmen ,& #& "& 1 and 2 scored an average of 3/ runs.
1 scored 5 more than 2( 2 scored 0 fewer than ,( # scored as many as 1 and E combined(
and #and " scored 14 between them. How many runs did E score ?
(a) /2 (6) )5 (c) 20 (d) 20
12. 6ac has 3 more than Ien& but then Ien wins on the horses and trebles his money& so
that he now has G 2 more than the original amount of money that the two boys had between
them. How much money did 6ac and Ien have between them before IenHs win ?
(a) G $ (6) G 11 (c) G 13 (d) G 15
"3. :obin says& ;If Fai gives me :s )& he will have half as much as ,tul& but if ,tul gives
me :s )& then the three of us will all have the same amount.; 9hat is the total amount of
money that :obin& F ai and ,tul have between them ?
(a) :s 2) (6) :s 32 (c) :s 3/ (d) :s )2
"1. ,& #& "& 1 and 2 playa game of cards. , says to #& ;If you give me three cards& you will
have as many as 2 has and if I give you three cards& you will have as many as 1 has.; , and
# together have 1 cards more than what 1 and 2 together have. If # has two cards more
than what " has and the total number of cards be 133& how many cards does # have?
(a) 22 (6) 23 (c) 25 (d) 35
"". ,& #& "& 1 and 2 playa game of cards. , says to #& ;If you give me 3 cards& you will have
as many as I have at this moment while if 1 ta>es 5 cards from you& he will have as many as
2 has.; , and " together have twice as many cards as 2 has. #and 1 together also have the
same number of cards as , and " ta>en together. If together they have 15 cards& how many
cards has " got?
(a) 20 (b) 2$ (c) 31 (d) 35 !".,*.1$$4%
"!. In a caravan in addition to 5 hens& there are )5 goats and 0 camels with some >eepers. If
the total number of feet be 22) more than the number of heads in the caravan& the number of
>eepers is !Hotel 6anagement& 1$$5%
(a) 5 (b) 0 (c) 1 (d) 15
". , certain number of horses and an e+ual number of men are going somewhere.
Half of the owners are on their horsesH bac> while the remaining ones are wal>ing along
leading their horses. If the number of legs wal>ing on the ground is 4&
how many horses are there? !:ailways& 1$$0%
(a) 1 (b) 12 (c) 1) (d) 16
"5. ,t a farm& there are hens& cows and bulloc>s& and >eepers to loo> after them.
*here are /$ heads less than legs( the number of cows is double of that of the bulloc>s( the
number of cows and hens is the same and there is one >eeper per ten birds and cattle. *he
total number of hens plus cows and bulloc>s and their >eepers does not exceed 5. How many
cows are there?
(a) 1 (b) 12 (c) 1) (d) 16
"/. In an examination& a student scores ) mar>s for every correct answer and loses 1 mar> for
every wrong answer. If he attempts all 45 +uestions and secures 125 mar>s& the number of
+uestions he attempts correctly& is
(a) 35 (b) ) !c% )2 (d) 46
3

1irections (Questions 24 to 31% ' The following uestions a!e based on
the info!"ation gi#en below$ !Hotel 6anagement& 1$$4%
1ata on )5 candidates& who too> an examination in Aocial Aciences& 6athematics
and Acience is given below '
-assed in all the sub.ects 1/4
3ailed in all the sub.ects /
3ailed in Aocial Aciences 145
3ailed in 6athematics 1$$
3ailed in Acience 1$1
-assed in Aocial Aciences only /2
-assed in 6athematics only )0
-assed in Acience only 52
"0. How many failed in Aocial Aciences only ?
(a) 15 (b) 21 (c) 3 (d) 42
"1. How many failed in one sub.ect only ?
(a) 152 (b) 1)) (c) /1 (d) 56
"2. How many passed in 6athematics and at least one more sub.ect ?
(a) 21 (b) 23 (c) 14 (d) 94
!3. How many failed in two sub.ects only?
(a) 5/ (b) /1 (c) 152 (d) 162
!1. How many passed at least in one sub.ect?
(a) )5 (b) 3$ (c) 3) (d) 167
!". , is three times as old as #. " was twice as old as , four years ago. In four yearsH time& ,
will be 31. 9hat is the present age of #and " ? !,ssistant 5rade& 1$$4%
(a) $& )/ (b) $& 5 (c) 1& )/ (d) 1& 5
!!. , father tells his son& ;I was of your present age when you were born.; If the father is 3/ now&
how old was the boy 5 years bac>? !:ailways& 1$$)%
(a) 13 (b) 15 (c) 14& (d) 20
!. In a family& a couple has a son and a daughter. *he age of the father is three times that of
his daughter and the age of the son is half of his mother. *he wife is $ years younger to her
husband and the brother is seven years older than his sister. 9hat is the age of the mother?
4(.AS.12215
(a) ) years (b) )5 years (c) 5 years (d) / years
35. A father is now three times as old as his son. 3ive years bac>& he was four times as old as
his son. *he age of the son is 4(.AS. 122!5
(a) 12 (b) 15 (c) 10 (d) 20
!/. :aviHs brother is 3 years senior to him. His father was 20 years of age when his sister was
born while his mother was 2/ years of age when he was born. If his sister was ) years of age
when his brother was born& what was the age of :aviHs father and mother respectively when
his brother was born ? !Hotel 6anagement& 1$$5%
(a) 32 years& 23 years (b) 32 years& 2$ years
(c) 35 years& 2$ years (d) 35 years& 33 years
!0. 9hen :ahul was born& his father was 32 years older than his brother and his mother was
25 years older than his sister. If :ahulHs brother is / years older than him and his mother is 3
years younger than his father& how old was :ahulHs sister when he was born?
!Hotel 6anagement& 1$$4%
(a) 4 years (b) 1 years (c) 1) years (d) 1$ years
!1. In a town& /5< people watched the news on television& )< read a newspaper and 25<
read a newspaper and watched the news on television also. 9hat percent of the people
neither watched the news on television nor read a newspaper?
(a) 5 (b) 1 (c) 15 (d) 20
!2. In a group of 15 people& 4 read 3rench& 0 read 2nglish while 3 of them read none of these
two. How many of them read 3rench and 2nglish both ? !I. *ax J "entral 2xcise& 1$$5%
)

(a) 0 (b) 3 (c) 4 (d) 5
1irections (Questions ) to )2% ' The diag!a" gi#en below shows the nu"be! of
students who got distinction in th!ee sub%ects out of 500 students. &tud' the diag!a"
ca!efull' and answe! the uestions that follow.
3. 9hat is the percentage of students who got distinction in two sub.ects?
(a) 0< (b) $< (c) 1< (d) 12%
1. 9hat is the percentage of students who got distinction?
(a) 20< (b) 35< (c) 30< (d) 40%
". *he percentage of students with distinction mar>s in 6athematics is
(a) 14.0< (b) 10./< (c) 1$.2< (d) 20.6%
Answers
#,ES A%S #,ES A%S #,ES A%S
1 6 " A ! A
6 5 ' / +
0 + 1 + 2 6
13 + 11 ' 1" +
1! ' 1 + 15 +
1/ A 10 + 11 '
12 6 "3 6 "1 6
"" A "! ' " 6
"5 + "/ + "0 A
"1 6 "2 + !3 '
!1 + !" + !! A
! ' !5 + !/ A
!0 + !1 ' !2 +
3 A 1 6 " A
5

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