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Calculus and Analytic Geometry, MATHEMATICS 12
Available online @ http://www.mathcity.org, Version: 1.0.0

Question # 1(i)
2
1 y x = (i)
3 x = & 3.02 3 0.02 x = =
( )
2
1 y y x x + = +
( )
2
2
1 1 y x x x = + +
( )
2
2
x x x = +
Put 3 x = & 0.02 x =
( )
2
2
3 0.02 (3) y = +
0.1204 y =
Taking differential of (i)
( )
2
1 dy d x =
2 dy x dx =
Put 3 x = & 0.02 dx x = =
( )( ) 2 3 0.02 dy = 0.12 dy =


Question # 1(ii)
Do yourself as above.

Question # 1(iii)

1
2
y x x = = . (i)
4 x = & 4.41 4 0.41 x = =
( )
1
2
y y x x + = +
( )
1 1
2 2
y x x x = +
Put 4 x = & 0.41 x =
( ) ( )
1 1
2 2
4 0.41 4 y = +
2.1 2 = 0.1 y =
Taking differential of (i)
1
2
d
dy x dx
dx

=




1
2
1
2
x dx

=
1
2
1
2
dx
x
=
Put 4 x = & 0.41 dx x = =
( )
( )
1
2
1
0.41
2 4
dy =
0.41
4
=
0.1025 dy =


Question # 2(i)
4 xy x + =
Taking differential on both sides
( ) ( ) 4 d xy dx d + =
0 xdy ydx dx + + =
( ) 1 0 xdy y dx + + =
( ) 1 xdy y dx = +

1 dy y
dx x
+
=
&
1
dx x
dy y
=
+



Question # 2(ii)
Do yourself as above

Question # 2(iii)
4 2 2
x y xy + =
Taking differential
( ) ( ) ( )
4 2 2
d x d y d xy + =

3 2
4 2 2 x dx ydy x ydy y dx + = +

2 3
2 2 4 ydy xydy y dx x dx =
( ) ( )
2 3
2 1 4 y x dy y x dx =

( )
2 3
4
2 1
dy y x
dx y x

&
( )
2 3
2 1
4
y x
dx
dy
y x

Question # 2(iv)
ln xy x c =
Taking differential
( ) ( ) ( ) ln d xy d x d c =

1
0 xdy ydx dx
x
+ =

1
xdy dx ydx
x
=

1
y dx
x

=




1 xy
xdy dx
x

=




2
1 dy xy
dx
x

=
&
2
1
dx x
dy xy
=

Question # 3(i)
Let
4
( ) y f x x = =
where 16 x = and 1 x dx = =
Taking differential of above

( )
4
dy d x =
( )
1
4
d x =

1
1
4
1
4
x dx

=

3
4
1
4
x dx

=

3
4
1
4
dx
x
=
Put 16 x = and 1 dx =
( )
3
4
1
(1)
4 16
dy =

( )
4
3
4
1
4 2
=
( )
1
4 8
= 0.03125 =
FSc-II / Ex- 3.1 - 2
Now ( ) f x dx y dy + +
( ) f x dy = + ( ) y f x = Q
4 4
16 1 16 0.03125 + +
( )
4 4
1
4
17 2 0.03125 +
2 0.03125 = + 2.03125 =


Question # 3(ii)
Let ( )
1
3
( ) y f x x = =
Where 8 x = & 0.2 x dx = =
Taking differential of above
( )
1
3
dy d x =
( )
2
3
1
3
x dx

=
2
3
1
3
dx
x
=
Put 8 x = and 0.2 dx =

( )
( )
2
3
1
0.2
3 8
dy =
( )
( )
2
3
3
1
0.2
3 2
=
( )
( )
1
0.2
3 4
=
0.01667 =
Now ( ) f x x y dy + +
( ) f x dy = + ( ) y f x = Q
( ) ( )
1 1
3 3
8 0.2 8 0.01667 + = +
( )
3
8.02 2 0.01667 = +
2.01667 =


Question # 3(iii)
Let
1
5
( ) y f x x = =
Where 32 x = & 1 x dx = =
Try yourself as above.

Question # 3(iv)
Let ( ) cos y f x x = =
Where 30 x =
o
& 1
180
x

= =
o
rad
0.01745 = rad
Now ( ) cos dy d x =
sin x dx =
Put 30 x =
o
and 0.01745 dx x = =
( ) sin30 0.01745 dy =
o

( )( ) 0.5 0.01745 = 0.008725 =
Now ( ) f x x y dy + +
( ) f x dy = +
( ) cos 30 1 cos30 0.008725 = +
o

cos 29 0.866 0.008725 = +
o

0.8747 =


Question # 3(v)
Let ( ) sin y f x x = =
Where 60 x =
o
& 1
180
x

= =
o
rad
0.01745 = rad
Now ( ) sin dy d x =
cos x dx =
Put 60 x =
o
and 0.01745 dx x = =
( ) cos60 0.01745 dy =
o

( )( ) 0.5 0.01745 = 0.008725 =
Now ( ) f x x y dy + +
( ) f x dy = +
( ) sin 60 1 sin60 0.008725 + = +
o

sin61 0.866 0.008725 = +
o

0.8747 =


Question # 4
Let x be the length of side of cube where
5 x = & 5.02 5 0.02 x = =
Assume V denotes the volume of the cube.
Then V x x x =

3
x =
Taking differential

2
3 dV x dx =
Put 5 x = & 0.02 dx x = =
( ) ( )
2
3 5 0.02 dV =
1.5 =
Hence increase in volume is 1.5 cubic unit.

Question # 5
Let x denotes diameter of a disc
Where 44 x = cm & 44.4 44 0.4 x = =
Then radius
2
x
=
Let A denotes the area of the disc
Then ( )
2
radius A =

2
2
x

=



2
4
x

=
Taking differential

2
4
dA d x

=



2
4
x dx

=
2
x dx

=
Put 44 x = and 0.4 dx x = =
( )( ) 44 0.4
2
dA

=
( )( )( ) 3.14 22 0.4 =
27.65 =
Hence change in area is 27.65 cm
2


---- The End ---
Tuesday, 20 September 2005
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