w

w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
l/il IN Tl1t I:IUIN""
'-' +3}. ,_'
,.,
'
Let p! . .' + qA
3
+ rJ
2
). +I
-n"
). -4
'_, t. + 4
"
be an identity in)<> wherep,q,r,., and I ar< Hen, the value Ml is ..
' "
(IITI981;2M)
z_ The solution set of the cqualioll -2 5
(liT 1981; 2M)
X 3 7'
3.
: I 0, the other two roots are .. and __
(ItT 1983; 2M)
a' -be
4. The value of the determinant
b b
2
-ca is ...
c c' -ah
I liT 1988; 2M)
'
log, y
5. For positive number x, y ll!ld . the numerical value oflhe determinant log, x
'
"' , I
log
1
" is ..
log, x log, y
'
I lilT 1993; 2M)
IJ TRUE/FALSE
I '
"
"I
"
"'
'
The determinants I:
'
ca' and
.wl
'
,,
are not identically equal.
' '
,'
II OBJECTIVE QuESTIONS
011ly optio11 Is correct:
1. Consider the oet A of all determinants of order 3 with
entries 0 or I only_ Let B be the subset of A consisting of
all determinants with value L Let C he the subset of A
consi.ting of all detenn\rumh with value -L Then :
(a)C\sempty
(b) B has as many elements as C
(c)A=BvC
(d) B has twice ""many elments as C
xp+y X y
The determinant _Vp+:
0 xp+ y yp+z
(Ill 1981; 2M)
=0, if:
(IJT 1997C: 2Ml
'
(8)r,yzareinA.P.
(c)x, y, are H.P.
(ItT 1983; 1M)
(b):.:, v,:tareinO.P.
{d) ;cy, yz, zx are in A.P.
The parameter, on which the value of the decermimml
'
'
coo(p-d)x cospx
sin(p-d).t sinpx
<=(p+d)x I
sin(p+d)x
does not depend upor; is :
(a) a
(c) d
(h) I'
(d)x
w
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e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
/Jetermmams
I,
0
0 '
a
1
1 11
"
"
a:-bcl
1
1
" "
" I
"
"
I I
"
"0
'
I '
b. b-1-11
i'
'
c' -abl 11

c' I 1,1
'
, I
.,
'
log, y log, :z i
I

,. ,\=llog,,x
'
:zl
I logo x
log, y
'
I
!og y i
I
_I log.<
I
I logy
logy

logy
'
I
I log z
log z
g TRUE/
'
'
bel
1
a
,
'
'
abel
Let, & =
"
ca b'
"'"I
I ahcl
'
ab
I c '

Applying/1:
1
->aR
1
, R, ->- hR
2
, R, ->cR,
1, a' 1l l1 a a']
,_I """lib b' \11=1 b b'l
abc
1 I
1
cc
1
llloc
1
II 08JEC:TIV (ONLY ONE OPTION)
1 Since, A is the determinant of order 3 with entrie' 0 or
I only.
where B is the subset of A consi.ting of all determinant<.
with value L
(We know by int<:rchanging any two wws or columns
among them selfsign changes}
given that, C is the subs.ts having determinant with vJ!tte
_,
:. B !)as as many elements as C.
:xp+ y
2. Here, yp + z
"
' xp+ y
"
"
y
,
-(xp'+yp+yp+:) xp+y yp+z
Dividing and multiplyingR
1
, R ,. R, log x.log .h log z
respectively
logx logy log'
'
'

logy


log :x log y log o
logx logy log z
.o
' '
"
k
I '
"
a
2
1
I,
'
'"
=h
'
b" I
! '
"'
I'
' I
'
'
' I
'
Hence. (fJlse)
=>
-(xp' +2yp+:z)(u- r'l=ll
either xp
1
+ 2yp + " = 0 or y' = ""
=:> x, y, z are in G.p_
Therefore (b) is the =vcr.
"
3. Let lJ. = cos (p - d) cos px
lsin(p-d)x sinpx
AprlyingC
1
_,.c, +C,
i
1 +a'
'
'
"-
I
oos(p+<f\xr
Sln(r+<f\x!

lJ. = Ieos (p- d)x +cos (p +d) x
I sin(p-d)x+Sin(p+d)x
<;<>Sp;< oos(pd)x
sin!"' sin(p-rd)xl
I+ QJ
=:> tJ. =/2C<Jspxcosdx
1
2sin p;< cosd:<
C
1
--->C, -2cosdxc,
C<X'(p+d)x
sin (r d)x
'
w
w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m

J+a
2
-2awsal-
o' I
cos (p+d)_1
sin (p+d)xl
'='>
0
"
ws px
sinpx
alongC
1
, we get
A (I + a
2
- 2a cos d>o)[sin {P +d) rcos p:<
-sin p:<COS {p I
=:> A (l + a
1
- 2a co> dl:) [sin{(P + d)x- px}]


-2ac<>.sdl:J[sindl:]
which is independem of p. Therefore, (b) is the ao.<wer.
I
X
x+l
f(x)= h
r(x-1)
(x+l)r
x(x-l)(x-2) (x+l)x(x-!)
Imp. Note: Observe in R
1
that a
11
+ a
12
=a, Check
this trend 1n R, and R;
'
"

applyR
1
->R,, -(R
1
+R
1
)
'
"
r(x-1) o
x(x -l)(x-2) 0
. f (x) f (100) = 0_ Tileretore, (a) is the answer.
5. As the given system has non-zero soJ ution
_,
"" 0
'
_,
''

"'
0
-1'''
"'
_,
_,
_,
,_,
_,
_, _,
"
_,
applyc, _.c, -c,.c, -.c, +C,
--{k + l) 1=2(.1: + l) -(k + J)'
_,
=(k + IX2-k -1) (k + 1){-k +I)
k -!
Therefore, (d);, the answer_
Imp. Note: There is a golden in determinant that n
one's => (n-1) zero's orn(constllllt)
'
sin x
cosr cos X I
cusr sin x W'< -0
1

WH sin x
sinx+2cosr
1
sinr+2COS%
cosxl
S1nr c<>Srl
cosx sin x
11 cosr cosr
=(2cosr+sinx) con =0
cosx sin r
R, -+ R, - R
1
, R
3
-+R
1
- R
1
1-o
cosr
0 sinr-cosr
"
0
0

""' (2cosx 1Sinx)(.'iin.<-cosr)
1
=0
=> 2cosx+sinr=O,oroinx-cosr=0

2co<r=-sinx.orsinr=cosx
=> cotr=-J/2 gives no '"lution in


Therefore (c) is the answer.
" "
--sr:S:-and

7. Given equations (x+ay=O,a.+y=O,<l1:+z=O) has
infinim solutions.
:. cramer's Rule, its determinant =0
" 0
0 " =0
" 0
ora=-!
s. Since no solution, A =0 and ony one amongst
A,, A ,- A, is non-Lcto.
'
_,
'
,.
'
_,
'
0
'
'
_,
'
(n-1) zero's for all consrant should l>c in a
and

'
_,
-
;<0 single ro"' or a single column.

J, =1
w
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.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
m OBJECTIVE !MORE THAN ONE OPTION)
I. (b), (e)
Applying,C
3
-->C
3
-(uC
1
+C
2
)in
a b aa+b
b
'
ba+c -O,weget
aalb/>u+c 0
b
q SuBJECTIVE QuESnoNs
L
'
'

'I
If A= b
'
ai;CI
4C
1
+C
2
+CJ,weget
'
' '
.,
a+b+c b
'
;o a,b+c
' '
a-b+c
'
b
b
'I
=(a+h+<)
'
'
R
2
-->R
2
-R
1
and
'
'

'
R, __.R, -R,..,.get
'
b
'
=(a+b+C)
"
,_,
,_,
"
,_,
b-e
"(a +b+ c){- (c-h)
2
-(a- b) (a- c)}
=-(a +h +c) {a
2
+ b
2
+c
2
- ab- he- ca)
= -.!_{a + b +<') {2<1
2
+ 2b
2
+ 2c
2
- 2ab- Urc- 2ca}
' I 2 2 2
=-(a+b+c){(a-b) +(b-e) +(c-a))
'
Which is alv.ays negative.
I "
,.,
-' -2
lfil=l2r
2
+3x-l
,,
3x-3
x' +2x +3 0<-
,._,
R, --> R
2
- (R
1
+ R,), we get
X
2
+x x+l .>:-2
"
applying
'
>R, +'4 R
2
,wegct
-(au
2
+2ba +c) (ac- b
2
) =0
=-' +2ba +c=Oor h' = '"'
11 isroot of m:
2
+ 2/rr + cor a, b, can: in G.P.
' "'
x-2
,.
_,
'
"
ApplyingR, -->Rl -2R
1
'""
2x -1
,_,
""
,.,
'_,
0
_,
" "
; -3 3
' '
' "
_,
0
_,
0
"

_,
0 0
3 -3 3
; -3 3
'
0
_,
o;
_,
0
"

-4
'
0
; -3
; ;
_,
;

i'I=Ax+B.
0 -2
where, A=
_,
0 0 andB= -4
"
0
3 -3
3 I
;
-3 3
J. The given system of equations has atleast one solution if
""
.: ...
3x-y+4z=3
x+2y-3z=-2
6x+5y+/..z=-3
3 -1 4
1'1= 2 -3 ... 0
6 'i ).,
1'1 =3 (2:1. + 15) +I (A+ 18) + 4 (5 -12)
=7A+35=7(A+5)
for unique solution 1'1 0
}. * -5
A=-5
w
w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
'
_,
'
Then, ,\, =
_,
'
-3 =0
_,
;
-s!
' ' '
!
A,=
'
_,
-3
"
_,
-3
3
_,
3
"} =
'
_,
oC
'
;
_,
.\
1
=i'l
2
=LI, =0
"" lnlinitly many solutions.
let z = - k then equmions become
h-y=3-4k
x+2y=3k-2
on solving,
4-5k ]Jk-9
Jo--, _v=--,z-k_
' '
4_ Smcea is repeated root of f(.x)-0_
_. _ f(x) =a (x - a)". a Eooffilant (,o 0)
A(x) B(x) C(x)
lctHxl= A(o:) B(u) C(a)
A'ta) B'(a) C'(a)
{T 0 >.how ,j>(x) is d'tv\siblc by (r-aJ', it is sufficient to
show that oj>(a) and 4> '{a) = 0].
A(a) B(cr) C(rr);
:. Ha)- A(o:) B(a) C(a) =0,
A'{a) B'(a) C'(nl
"-' R
1
and R
2
are identical
aga1n,
j A' (x) B' (x) C'(x)
oj>'(r)=l A<a>
B(a) c (Cl)
A'(a) B' (a) C'(a)
j A '(a) B'(u} C'(o:)
ojl'(a)=r A(o.) B(a) C(a)
I A'(a) B'(a) C'(a)
as R
1
and R, arc identicaL
Thus. a " a repeated r<M>l oro)> (x) = 0.
Hence. > (x) is divisible by f(x ).
"c, 'C >+l 'C ,,,
l.eL\ = ) c, rc,.
1 "c,.,
C,
'C,., c, +l
Applyingc, ->C
3
+C,
-0,
'C,.
I c c,.,
, ,
y-'c
r-2
"C "C '''
1
C) (OS, ,T c
'- L ('
'"'
"'r I
'-2
'"
'C, ', 'c
, "'
-''c, . ,
'
I
'C,
''c,
,_,c,.,
"
applyiTig c, >C,
'
Co
I
'C,
,.;c
'. 'c
!
'"'
' +,
y(", J''c
'
, c

,,
-' +'
,
"'
'''c,., '
- C,
c,.,
'
'
'
'C,
'C, ., 'c,.,
'
"C,
c,_,
'C,.,
'c, , c,+,
'c,.,
c,
x.'c
, '
"'r ,.,
'C, "'c
)' +
0
,, -c, . ,
c ,
"'c
, '
'. 'c
r '
6. The syslem of "'1uations hos non-trivial soltLtion if, 6.
!sm38
_,
coslfl
'
r'
'

expanding along C
1
, we get
co> sinJEI (28 -21)-coslfl (-1 -7) + 2 (-3- 4)=0
---"' 7sin3EI ti4cos:!G-14=0
=> sin3!l+2cos20-2=0
= 3sin!l 4sin'
1
()

=>

=> sin9(2sin9-1)(2;infl 13)=0
=> sm!l=O,sin0-112
{neglectmg "" H = - 3/ 2}
O-n11;mt+(-l)' 7</U,nEZ.

7. Let a,= (a-1)' 2n' 4n-2
(a-1)
1
Jn
1
3n
2
-3n
w
w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
"
l.: (a-1)
a=l "
'
"
(a-1)
2
l.: ,., =
'"'
4fl -2
" = 1 "
"_,
"
).; (a -1)
3
o= I
'"'
3n
1
-3n
"'"
'l
"
'
'

'"'
(4n-2)
'
n
1
(n l J'
'"'
' ' (Jn- -3n)
'
I
' '
n'(n-1)
Go
" '"
(4n-2)
'
)
n(n -1)
3n' On' - Jn)
'
' j I
'
' -" (n-l):(2n-l)
"'
12n-6
" I
_(n -I)
'"
<m-o
C
3
-c>C, -6C
, I '
,
=.::._j_" .-21m -I
'"
o
" I
'"
0,
,_,
"

'
\, = C, (C = 0 i_ "- consran!)
"='
8. We know,
A28=Axl00+2x10< 8
389 =h 100 + B x 10+9
an.i 62C=6x100+2xlO+C
Since ; A211,3B9 and 62C are divisible by K, th..-efore
exi>< positive integers m
1
, m
1
and m, <uth that,
IOOx A+ 10><2 + S= m
1
K
IOOx 3 + 10 x B +9= m
1
K
l00x6 + 10 x2 +C =m
1
K
' ' .
LI.='S 9 C
12 B 2
Applying K
1
---+ lOUR
1
+lOR, + R,
' A 3
=>il= IO!lA+2dO Hl{lx3-rJOxB+9
' .. (1)
' I
'

A
' '
= A28 lEO 62C
(using (I))
'
'
'
'
)
'
I'
)

= m
1
K m
1
K m,K

m, m,
'
B
'
I '
B
),
'
.l = mK, Hence dctcrrnimml is divisible byK.
lp h ,.]
9. Let, 1'1 = a q c
'
I a h "i
Applying R
1
--> R
1
- R
1
and R
3
--> R, - R
1
we get
p h : I
t'l.= a-p q-b u
a-p 0 r-"1
p q-h:l+(r-c)'l ' o I
a-p 0 a-p q-b
,__,.(a- p) (q- b) -.-(r-c) {p(q -b)- b(a- p)j
p) (q- h)+ p(r- c) (q- h)
-b(r-c)(a-r)-
d-0
=> -<(a-p)(q-b)+p(r-ci(q-b)

c" p b
_, __ ._
r-c p-a q-b
{Ou Jividing both sides by (a- p}(q- b)(r- c))
p b ,.

p a q-h r-c

p-a q-b r-c
I
n! (rl+l)! (n+2J!j
10_ D= (11+1)! (n+2)' (n-.-3)!
I (n+2)! {n-t-3)! (n+4)!1

J'akiTig n!, {n + 1)! and (n + 2)! common from R
1
, R
2
and
R
3
=pectively.
(n+l)
lhn!{n+l)'(n+2)! (n+l) (n+l)(nd)
il {n+3) {n+3)(n+4)
ApplyingR
2
-;.R
2
-R
1
andR
3
-;.R
3
-R,,weget
lj (u+l) (n+l)(n+2J!
D=n!{n+l)l(n+2)! 0 l 2n+4
0 2n+6
Expanding alongC
1
, we get
D = {n!)(n+ l)!(n+2)![{2n ;.6)- (2n+ 4)]
w
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w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
D = (n!)(ll-t-1)! (n -1 2)! [2]
Divide both<ide (11!)
3
D (n!)(n!)(11-t- ll(n' J(n + 1 )(n + 2)2
--"
(n!)
3
(niJ'
r 1)(" r l)(n '2)
(nl)'
D 1 - '
=2(n' +4n +llln+4)
(n!Y

D ,
--. -4=2n(n- +4n+5)
(n!Y
which '""""' that l-___!!_____ - 4l is rli' by n
(n!J' :
II. Given, ).t +(sin(() y+ Ieos a); 70
-'+(cow_) y+ (_,inu) z
< + (sin ct) y- (cos ct) z = 0 ha> non-trivial '"lution
Jr.. .<in o:
c'"" I
sino: =0
'
-1 sino: 1
). (-cos'a -sin'o:) -sin a( co< a _,in u)
+cos a (sin"- + """" ) = 0
=> - +s.inu Coset +sin a cos -<in' a +en<' a =0
'
=--> ).=cos2a -rslu2a
{we know,- yu' + 1/ :> usinO + bwoH <i /a' -r /J)
--.(1)
Again when).= 1,
ros2ct +sin 2n. = 1
or I_
.. /2 .. /?
=>
2o. - 1tl 4 ni 4
=> 2a =2n7t-1tl 4 < 1t/ 4.2a + nl 4 + n/ 4
a = nn or "" + "/-1.
cos(A-P) cos(A-QJ ros{A R)!
12 .. 1- cos(ll-f') cos(B-Ql cos(lJ-1(> (gi,en)
:cos(C -!') cos(C-Q) co;(C -Ril
'EosAcosP+sinA\inP -Q)
=> !J.= _-BcosP-rsmBsinf' cos(fl-QJ
oscc.,,f'+'lnCsmP
cm(A-R)
cos(B-R)
cos(C-R)
]cosAco;f' cn>(A-Qj co.'(A-R)I
cos(B-(!) eo;(B-R)
cosCcusl' wo(C-R)j
jsin4sin/' cos(A-QJ cos(!f-R)j
+l,;nBsinl' cus(B-QI cos(E-RJI
wo(C-(J) cosiC-RJ'
co'A cos(A-Q) co'(,f-R)
=tl=cosf' cosB cos(B-Q) cos(IJ II)
co<C cos!C-QJ cns1C-Rj
i 'in cl "'"(A -Q) CO'-(A-RJI
+sin pi sin f) CO'< (f)
'
Q) m'(TJ-
I?) I
j sinC
cos((_'
Q) cos (C
"I
apply c, -c, cos Q, c, ->C",- c, co;R
in first determinant and c, ---;.C, -C
1
,;n (!, nd
C, ---+ (', - C
1
sin R in second.
cosA cosAcosQ+si11Asi11Q-cosAcosQ
LJ. = co& P ens 11 cu_, lhn, Q +'in R ,;., Q- cos B coo Q
1
cn<C cosCcosQ 'sinCsinQ -cosCcosQ
cos A cos!?' sill A sill R -cos.< cosR
cos Bcos R +sin Bsin R -to< llcO< R
coo C cus R " sin C sin R COS C <OS /1
sin A cosAct,.Q+smAsmQ -si11AinQ
+>in P >in B ""-' B """ Q < sin 8 sin Q -sin B sin 0 ,
sm C em Ccos Q +sin Csin \)->in Coin Q I
cos A cos//. T>in A oin R _,in fl ;in R
CO> Bco> R +om B _,in R _,in B<in R
cOs C coo R +sin C's111 R -<Ill('"" R
lcn;A ;inAsmQ sinAsmR'I
=>Ll=cmP,co'/J >mBsinQ sinBsin/1
jcosC sinCsinQ 'inC,inR'
l
<inJ cosAcosQ cosAcos/1!
+<in f' sm /J cos II cos Q cos fl co R I
js;nc cooCcooQ cosCcosRj
"'" .j
"in A sin A
LJ. =oos P sin Q sin R cu:>ll sin II sin B
co>C sin ("
'inC,
j'iiiA W>A co>A,
ru>B cosBI
j'inC co>C co>C'(
w
w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
Le!a>O.d>O
and let
'
'-1--
(a+dl
a(a
'
(a+d)(a+2dj
(a+d)(a+2d) (u+2d)(at3d)
,(a+2d) (a+2d)(a+3d) (a+3d)(a+4dl
'
t"kmg tommorl frotll
u(a+d)(a+2d)
-cccc_''ccc--c'
R,. -;-
(a + d)( a + 2J){cr ... 3d)
'
from R,. - from R,
14d)
a(atdl'(a 2-d)
3
(a+3d)'("+4J)
'
: (a+d)(a< 2d)
I
(a+ 2d't(u >3d)
(at3d)(a+4d)
(a.2d)
(a+ 3d)
(a+4dl
" '
I
(a-,2dll
'0---,,---:---,_--- ,.
a_( a + d)- (a + 2Jj (" + Jd)" (a + 4d)
(a+d)(a+2d) (a+2dl a
(at2d)(a+Jdl (a+3d) (a+d)
'
(a+4d) (a+2d)j
Applying R
2
-> R
2
- R
1
, R
1
-> R, - R,
l
(a+d)(a+M) (a+2d)
=. (a+2d)(2d) d d
: (a+3d)(2d) d d
Applying R, - > R
3
- R,. we gel
(a+2d) a
(a+ 2d)2d d d
"
Jlt>ngR
3
. ""gel
,\'2d'l":2d :1
.'1' = (2d
2
)(d)( a - 2-d - a 1 = 4d
4
TherdOrc.
14. smcea,b,carop"',q'' andr'
1
hmnsofHY
1 I I .
=;- -,-.-.arcmA.P.
a b e

; I

; I

' I
be ca ","I
Ll.= p q
' I
,_
... (I l
I a b
q r (uoing(l))
A+(p-1\D A+(q-IJD A+(r-11/JI
Applying R
1
---->- R
1
-(A-- D) R, -DR,, we gd
U 0 I)
=abc p q
pqr=O
ApplyingR, ---->-R, -R, 2R,,cegd
2= 2ax-l 2w:+btli
h
_,
" "
0
12':"' 2m-liJ2a.t -11
"h--rl lb il
(Using(', ->Co -C,)
b
Integrating, gel f (x)- uc' + bx + c
where c is "" arbilrar) constant at

.I 5a 'b=O
Also. j (0)=2 c=2
""d
/(1)-1 - a+h+c-1
Solving for (I) and (2) fur a. b. l'e ge\


' '
'I hus,
.. (I)
... (2)
w
w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
>inW
' 1
- ' 0 4:r



' ' '
sinl2e- "I
' ' '
Apply iug R, ---. R, + 1?
3
"'" B
Jr.
cos-
;
sm 20
' ' '
.
Sill
, 3 I
H cos (::t- n,3)
e "/3
and ru> le + 21t I 3 j +OO\ (6 . 2" / J)

J cos 3 -
_1' &1 Z."+a-
2
"] ro+
2
"-o+
2
;'1
l ' ' . J
-1cn; a -cos (21t 13)
' I J =2cosa.l-;:; =-rose
' '

anu 'Ell 1- -) -sm
' '
""+ +=--
l
.' ,
0
4n ..., 17: ,
-2sin - J
2
3
J
(20+4"-2!!+4"''1
3 _]
. '
' )

-2sin::U.cl'>(;-r 1 ;-rl_lJ
--- C<irJ :'B.,os 1\/3 - -<i:> 211
;in 2-Cl
=' ->infJ
l>inte-2"/l)
-cosO -->in2H ,
cos (0 -21t/3) sin (lfl- i 3)1
= O(,ino<" R, Jnd R, are
(iiven
l
m bj"-''
lvc -'-'_\'
ex + a
h<-ay
-m+ by-e
cy 1 b
CJoh I'"
-ux-hy-c
a'x-uby-ac fn-la)'

"'b 1=0
'
Clbx-ay -a.<+by-c
UC,\"U' C)"Tb
-ax-be+e'
i\pplyingC, ---;.C
1
,,'>!'
2
>C,

'
ov-1-h,-
) bl--e-w;
'
I b-ey
ay+fn:

,h 1 cy

b+Cf'

b +C)
<'-ax-by
(:n-n'-c =IJ
C
0
---;.C
2
-M'
1
and Co ---->CJ -cC
1
J:
"
'
I
" -ax - by I
I
<:)-
'
<IXJ'
"'
- c -ax
'
'" cy
x'+_}'-1
'
hpanding along R
1

c -- ""
by
,,
>R
1
1y/(+R,
" I
'
-(rx-hl
I
- --[(_,-- y l-1)\(-c-w:)(-ar-hy) -b\c))!]
'"
I ' "
=- r(x + y + l)(acx I !J'!'+ a_c + 'lb.\y- bcyl

w
w
w
.
e
x
a
m
r
a
c
e
.
c
o
m
I , " , ,
--[(r + y + l)acx' ax- +abxyJ
"'
= luct-<' + _v' t-1)(<-+ux+by)]
"'
\ = + y
0
+ ll(ox + e)
but .1 = 0
c;n'-::'<l)(u<rbyooj=O
wilich represems a ;traight line.
18. As.M-' Af-IandiMI-1
-, IM
1
J,fi=III
IMrAf]=:MI (as lll=kiMIJ
. M'.ll Afl-1.111 =0
M:(IM'";-lJ-'J
I :1.11 = l}oc I "''
1
' = I \ I HI- U I
..o;.
;..u -II =1M- ljll.frl =I MM'.- M' I
II
-- M-fl
IM-fi<IMI>Il

. ( I j