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Republic of the Philippines

University of Eastern Philippines
University Town, Northern Samar

College of Education


I. INTRODUCTION

A professional teacher has a commitment to those they teach and applies
decision-making skills, reflective practices and professional knowledge to
enhance their lessons and provide maximize learning opportunities. (Eggen &
Kauchak, 2010).
This paper talks about the Becoming a Professional Teacher. The
term professional is a member of a profession. The term also describes the
standards of education and training that prepare members of the profession with
the particular knowledge and skills necessary to perform the role of that
profession. In addition, most professionals are subject to strict codes of conduct
enshrining rigorous ethical and moral obligations.
Specifically, it talks about The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers,
Presidential Decree No. 1006, Republic Act No. 7836, Republic Act. No. 9293,
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers, Excerpts from the Family Code of the
Philippines, Republic Act No. 7610 Excerpts Special Protection of Child Against
Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act, Republic Act No. 7877,
Excerpts from R.A. 8980. This is concerned with what a professional Teacher
should act, should do and should be. These are the guidelines of being a
professional teacher.
This report is an integration of the book The Teaching Profession by
Gloria Salandanan. Methodology to be used in the presentation of the paper will
be classroom discussion. Articles and additional information are taken from
internet.


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II. DISCUSSION

The Magna Carta for Public School Teachers
1


Republic Act No.4670 (Magna Carta for Public School Teachers) declared
as its policy the promotion and improvement of the social and economic status of
public school teachers, their living and working conditions, their terms of
employment and their career prospects in order that they may compare favorably
with existing opportunities in other walks of life, attract and retain in the teaching
profession more people with the proper qualifications.
Recruitment policy with respect to the selection and appointment of
teachers shall be clearly defined by the Department of Education. The following
shall constitute the minimum educational qualifications for teacher-applicants:
1. For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades, Bachelor's
degree in Elementary Education (B.S.E.ED.);
2. For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelor's degree in Education
or its equivalent with a major and a minor; or a Bachelor's degree in
Arts or Science with at least eighteen professional units in Education.
3. For teachers of secondary vocational and two years technical courses,
Bachelor's degree in the field of specialization with at least eighteen
professional units in education;
4. For teachers of courses on the collegiate level, other than vocational,
master's degree with a specific area of specialization.
In the absence of applicants who possess the minimum educational
qualifications provided above, the school superintendent may appoint, under a
temporary status, applicants who do not meet the minimum qualifications. The
teacher-applicants, whether they possess the minimum educational qualifications
or not, will be required to take competitive examinations, preference in making
appointments shall be in the order of their respective ranks the results of the

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Marino, Ruby Jane, Viva, Jovie
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examinations shall be made public and every applicant shall be furnished with his
score and rank in said examinations.
In any school recognized by the Government, there is no probationary
period preceding regular appointment shall be imposed if the teacher possesses
the appropriate civil service eligibility. However, if the teacher possesses the
minimum educational qualifications and lacks appropriate civil service eligibility,
such person shall be appointed on a provisional status and will undergo a period
of probation for not less than a year from the date of his provisional appointment.
After a period of satisfactory probation, the teacher is tenured. Tenure provides
job security for teachers by preventing their dismissal without cause and by
requiring due process in termination cases.
What constitutes cause is determined by law and includes
incompetency, immorality, and insubordination or unprofessional conduct. Once
tenure has been granted, teachers no longer sign semestral/yearly contracts.
Tenure guarantees reemployment. Contracts are binding for both parties ( the
teacher and the school). When one side fails to perform as agreed, the contract
is broken. This is referred to as breach of contract.
Teachers appointed on a provisional status for lack of necessary civil
service eligibility shall be extended permanent appointment for the position he is
holding after having rendered at least ten years of continuous, efficient and
faithful service in such position.
No teacher shall be transferred without his consent from one station to
another. However, if the transfer is required, it may be effected by the school
superintendent who shall previously notify the teacher concerned and the reason
of the transfer. If the teacher believes there is no justification for the transfer, he
may appeal his case to the Director of Public Schools or the Director of
Vocational Education. Pending his appeal and the decision thereon, his transfer
shall be held in abeyance: Provided that no transfers whatever shall be made
three months before any local or national election. Necessary transfer expenses
of the teacher and his family shall be paid for by the Government if his transfer is
finally approved.
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The dismissal of tenured faculty for legitimate reasons follows rules
established for protecting the rights of teachers. This procedural due process
contains certain elements.
1. The teacher must be given timely, detailed, written notice of the
charges.
2. The teacher must be accorded a lengthy and sufficient time to prepare
a defense.
3. The teacher may present written and oral evidence including
witnesses.
4. The teacher may cross-examine witnesses and challenge evidence.
5. The teacher has the right to be represented by legal counsel.
6. The teacher should be heard by an impartial body.
7. The teacher has the right to appeal to a higher body.
Administrative charges against a teacher shall be heard initially by a
committee composed of the corresponding School Superintendent of the Division
or a duly authorized representative who should at least have the rank of a
division supervisor, where the teacher belongs, as chairman, a representative of
the local or, in its absence, any existing provincial or national teacher's
organization and a supervisor of the Division, the last two to be designated by the
Director of Public Schools. The committee shall submit its findings and
recommendations to the Director of Public Schools within thirty days from the
termination of the hearings: Provided where the school superintendent is the
complainant or an interested party, all the members of the committee shall be
appointed by the Secretary of Education.
There shall be no discrimination whatsoever in entrance to the teaching
profession, or during its exercise, or in the termination of services, based on
other than professional consideration. Whenever possible, the proper
authorities shall take all steps to enable married couples, both of whom are
public school teachers, to be employed in the same locality. Teachers shall enjoy
academic freedom in the discharge of their professional duties, particularly with
regard to teaching and classroom methods.
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Any teacher engaged in actual classroom instruction shall not be required
to render more than six hours of actual classroom teaching a day, which shall be
scheduled as to give him time for the preparation and correction of exercises and
other work incidental to his normal teaching duties. However, if it is required, any
teacher may render more than six hours but not exceeding eight hours of actual
classroom teaching a day upon payment of additional compensation at the same
rate as his regular remuneration plus at least twenty-five per cent of his basic
pay. Co-curricula and out of school activities and any other activities outside of
what is defined as normal duties of any teacher shall be paid an additional
compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of his regular remuneration after the
teacher has completed at least six hours of actual classroom teaching a day. In
the case of other teachers or school officials not engaged in actual classroom
instruction, any work performed in excess of eight hours a day shall be paid an
additional compensation of at least twenty-five per cent of their regular
remuneration.
Teacher's salaries shall correspond to the following criteria:
1. they shall compare favorably with those paid in other occupations
requiring equivalent or similar qualifications, training and abilities;
2. they shall be such as to insure teachers a reasonable standard of life
for themselves and their families; and
3. they shall be properly graded so as to recognize the fact that certain
positions require higher qualifications and greater responsibility than
others:
Salary scales of teachers shall provide for a gradual progression from a
minimum to a maximum salary by means of regular increments, granted
automatically after three years, provided that the efficiency rating of the teacher
concerned is at least satisfactory. The progression from the minimum to the
maximum of the salary scale shall not extend over a period of ten years. The
salary scales of teachers, whose salaries are appropriated by a city, municipal,
municipal district, or provincial government, shall not be less than those provided
for teachers of the National Government.
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Teacher's salaries shall, at the very least, keep pace with the rise in the
cost of living by the payment of a cost-of-living allowance which shall
automatically follow changes in a cost-of-living index. The Secretary of Education
shall, in consultation with the proper government entities, recommend to
Congress, at least annually, the appropriation of the necessary funds for the
cost-of-living allowances of teachers employed by the National Government. The
determination of the cost-of-living allowances by the Secretary of Education,
upon approval of the President of the Philippines, shall be binding on the city,
municipal or provincial government, for the purposes of calculating the cost-of-
living allowances of teachers under its employ.
In areas in which teachers are exposed to hardship such as difficulty in
commuting to the place of work or other hazards peculiar to the place of
employment, as determined by the Secretary of Education, they shall be
compensated special hardship allowances equivalent to at least twenty-five per
cent of their monthly salary.
Salaries of teachers shall be paid in legal tender of the Philippines or its
equivalent in checks or treasury warrants. Provided that such checks or treasury
warrants shall be cashable in any national, provincial, city or municipal
treasurer's office or any banking institutions operating under the laws of the
Republic of the Philippines.
No person shall make any deduction whatsoever from the salaries of
teachers except under specific authority of law authorizing such deductions.
However, upon written authority executed by the teacher concerned, (1) lawful
dues and fees owing to the Philippine Public School Teachers Association, and
(2) premiums properly due on insurance policies, shall be considered deductible.
Compulsory medical examination shall be provided free of charge for all
teachers before they take up teaching, and shall be repeated not less than once
a year during the teacher's professional life. Where medical examination show
that medical treatment and/or hospitalization is necessary, same shall be
provided free by the government entity paying the salary of the teachers.
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In regions where there is scarcity of medical facilities, teachers may obtain
elsewhere the necessary medical care with the right to be reimbursed for their
traveling expenses by the government entity concerned in the first paragraph of
this Section.
Teachers shall be protected against the consequences of employment
injuries in accordance with existing laws. The effects of the physical and nervous
strain on the teacher's health shall be recognized as a compensable occupational
disease in accordance with existing laws.
In addition to the leave privileges now enjoyed by teachers in the public
schools, they shall be entitled to study leave not exceeding one school year after
seven years of service. Such leave shall be granted in accordance with a
schedule set by the Department of Education. During the period of such leave,
the teachers shall be entitled to at least sixty per cent of their monthly salary:
However, no teacher shall be allowed to accumulate more than one year study
leave, unless he needs an additional semester to finish his thesis for a graduate
study in education or allied courses. The compensation allowed for one year
study leave as herein provided shall be subject to the condition that the teacher
takes the regular study load and passes at least seventy-five per cent of his
courses. Study leave of more than one year may be permitted by the Secretary
of Education but without compensation.
An indefinite sick leave of absence shall be granted to teachers when the
nature of the illness demands a long treatment that will exceed one year at the
least.
Public school teachers having fulfilled the age and service requirements of
the applicable retirement laws shall be given one range salary raise upon
retirement, which shall be the basis of the computation of the lump sum of the
retirement pay and the monthly benefits thereafter.
Public school teachers shall have the right to freely and without previous
authorization both to establish and to join organizations of their choosing,
whether local or national to further and defend their interests.
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It shall be unlawful for any person to commit any acts of discrimination
against teachers which are calculated to (a) make the employment of a teacher
subject to the condition that he shall not join an organization, or shall relinquish
membership in an organization, (b) to cause the dismissal of or otherwise
prejudice a teacher by reason of his membership in an organization or because
of participation in organization activities outside school hours, or with the consent
of the proper school authorities, within school hours, and (c) to prevent him from
carrying out the duties laid upon him by his position in the organization, or to
penalize him for an action undertaken in that capacity.
National teachers' organizations shall be consulted in the formulation of
national educational policies and professional standards, and in the formulation
of national policies governing the social security of the teachers.
The Secretary of Education shall formulate and prepare the necessary
rules and regulations to implement the provisions of this Act. Rules and
regulations issued pursuant to this Section shall take effect thirty days after
publication in a newspaper of general circulation and by such other means as the
Secretary of Education deems reasonably sufficient to give interested parties
general notice of such issuance.
The Secretary of Education shall submit to Congress annually the
necessary budgetary estimates to implement the provisions of the Act concerning
the benefits herein granted to public school teachers under the employ of the
National Government.
A person who shall willfully interfere with, restrain or coerce any teacher in
the exercise of his rights guaranteed by this Act or who shall in any other manner
commit any act to defeat any of the provisions of this Act shall, upon conviction,
be punished by a fine of not less than one hundred pesos nor more than one
thousand pesos, or by imprisonment, in the discretion of the court. If the offender
is a public official, the court shall order his dismissal from the Government
service.
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All Acts or parts of Acts, executive orders and their implementing rules
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed, amended or
modified accordingly.
If any provision of this Act is declared invalid, the remainder of this Act or
any provisions not affected thereby shall remain in force and in effect.

Presidential Decree No. 1006
2


It is hereby declared a policy that teacher education shall be given
primarily concern and attention by the government and shall of the highest
quality, and strongly oriented to Philippine conditions and to the needs and
aspirations of the Filipino people even as it seeks enrichment from adaptable
ideas of other people.
As used in this Decree the following shall be constued as follows;
1. Teaching refers to the profession primarily concerned with classroom
instruction, at the elementary and secondary levels, in accordance with
the curriculum prescribed by National Board of Education, whether on
part-time or full time basis in the public or private school.
2. Teacher refers to all persons engaged in teaching at the elementary and
secondary level, whether on full-time or part-time basis, including
guidance councilors, school librarians, industrial arts or vocational
teachers and all other persons performing supervisory and/or
administrative functions in all schools in the aforesaid levels and legally
qualified to practice teaching under this Decree.
There is hereby created a National Board for Teachers, hereinafter called
the Board, to be composed of the following:
1) Secretary of Education and Culture
2) Chairman, Civil Service Commission
3) Commissioner, Professional Regulations Commission

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Mercado, Juliza, Tarraya, Rashel, Roque, Shiela
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4) Two members representing the private sector to be appointed by the
President
The Board shall have the following powers and duties:
1. Appoint a set of examiners for every examination who will determine
and prepare the contents of the Board examination for teachers,
hereinafter referred to as examination, in elementary and secondary
levels of instruction, to be held at least once a year.
2. Determine and fix the places and dates of examination, appoint
supervisors and room examiners from among the employees of the
government who shall be entitled to a daily allowance to be fixed by
the Board for every examination day actually attended, use the
buildings and facilities of public and private schools for examination
purposes, approve applications to take examination, and approve the
release of examination results;
3. Look from time to time into the conditions affecting the practice of the
teaching profession, adapt such measures as may deemed proper for
the enhancement of said profession, and or maintenance of the
professional standards and ethics;
4. Issue. Suspend, revoke, replace or reissue Professional Teachers
Certificate and administer oaths;
5. Appoint, subject to the provisions of existing laws, such officials and
employees as are necessary in the effective performance of its
functions and responsibilities, prescribe their duties and fix their
compensation;
6. Prescribe and collect examination and other fees are as it may deem
proper; and promulgate rules and regulations, and exercise such other
powers, functions and duties as may be necessary to carry into effect
the purposes of this Decree.
No applicant shall be admitted to take the examination unless, on the date
of filing the application, he shall have complied with the following requirements:
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1. Except those who have been engaged in teaching as herein defined
for at least five years in schools in the Philippines not organized
exclusively for nationality of a foreign country at the time of the
effectively of this Decree, the applicant shall be citizen of the
Philippines;
2. That he is of good moral character;
3. That he is free from any physical and/or mental defect with which
incapacitate him to render efficient service; and
4. That he possesses the following minimum educational qualifications;
a. For teachers in the kindergarten and elementary grades,
Bachelors degree in Elementary Education (BSEEd) or its
equivalent;
b. For teachers of the secondary schools, Bachelors degree in
Education or its equivalent with a major and minor or a
Bachelors degree an Arts and Sciences with at least eighteen
units in professional education.

The Board shall appoint a set of examiners for every examination who are
recognized authority in teacher education and their names shall not be disclosed
until after the release of the results of the examination. The shall receive as
compensation the sum of not less than P5.00 for each examinee as may be
determined by the but in no case shall each examiner receive more than
P18,000.00 per examination.
The examination shall consist of written test , the scope of which shall be
determined by the Board, taking into consideration the teaching plan of the
schools legally constituted in the Philippines.
In order that a candidate may be deemed to have successfully passed the
examinations, he must have obtained a general average of at least 70 percent in
all subjects with no rating below 50 percent in any subject.

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The examiners shall report the ratings obtained by each candidate to the
Board within 150 days after the last day of the examination, unless extended by
the latter.
Teachers who have passed examinations given by the Civil Service
Commission or jointly by the Civil Service Commission and the Department of
Education and Culture shall be considered as having passed the board
examinations for teachers. The Board may consider their certificates of eligibility
or issue an entirely new certificate upon registration of the teacher and the
payment of the corresponding fees.
The Civil Service Commission shall as an arm of the Board, register
holders of a Professional Teacher Certificate which registration shall evidence
that the registrant is entitled to all the rights and privileges of a professional
teacher until and unless the certificate is suspended or cancelled by the Board
for a just cause.
The Board may, for reason of equity and justice, and upon proper
application therefore, issue another copy, original or duplicate, upon payment of
the required fee, of a certificate, which has been revoke.
The Civil Service Commission shall, upon approval of the Board, effect the
registration, without examination, of a teacher validly registered under the laws of
any foreign state or country and substantially the same as those required and
contemplated by this Degree and the laws of such foreign state or country allow
citizens of the Philippines to practice the profession on the same being state
basis and grant the same privileges as the citizens or subjects of such for such
state or country.
Three years after the effectively of this Decree, no person shall engage in
teaching and/ or act as teacher as defined in this Decree, whether in the public or
private elementary or high school, unless he is a holder of Professional Teacher
Certificate or is considered a Professional Teacher under this Decree.
Any person who shall practice teaching without a valid Professional
Teacher Certificate, or any person representing as his or her own the certificate
of another, or any person giving any false or forged evidence in order to obtain a
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Professional Teacher Certificate or admission to examination, or any person
assuming himself as a registered professional teacher or any person violating
any provision of this Decree shall penalized by a fine of not less than One
thousand pesos nor more than Five Thousand Pesos with subsidiary
imprisonment of not less than six months nor more than two years, or both such
fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court.
All acts, Decrees, Executive Orders, Administrative Orders, rules and
regulations or parts thereof inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
In case any provision of this Decree or any portion thereof is declared
unconstitutional by a competent court, any provisions shall not be affected
thereby.

Republic Act No. 7836
3


Republic Act 7836 is known to be the Philippine Teachers Act of 1994.
This article tackles the creation and composition of the Board, Qualification of
Board Members, Supervision of the Board and custodian of its record,
Secretariat and Support service, and the removal of the Board Members.
The Board for Professional Teachers is the head component on why
teachers became progressive professionals. It is however the one duly
established and constituted to act as guiding team for all the teachers in the
archipelago. They are qualified and are appointed by the President of the
Philippines.
They are the ones who promulgate, administer and enforce rules and
regulations necessary for carrying out provisions of this act. In the Licensure
Examination Process, they are the one who determine; fix the frequency dates
and places of examination. Also, they are the one who appoint supervisors,
proctors and other personnel needed. The Board has the right to issue, suspend
or revoke certificates of registration and administer the oaths of the teachers who

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Marino, Ruby Jane
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passed the examination and are ready to practice the teaching profession.
During the practice of the teaching profession it is of the duty of the Board to look
for the conditions affecting the practice of teaching, they will ensure that all
educational institutions comply with essential requirements. If there are violators
related to this act, the Board shall investigate and issue sub poena to the
violators. The term of office for the members of the Board will be three years from
the date they assume office.
There are also qualifications of Board for Professional Teachers (a)
Citizen and a resident of the Philippines (b) At least thirty-five years of age, of
proven integrity, and possessed of high moral values in his personal as well as
professional conduct and has not been convicted of any offense involving moral
turpitude. (c) a holder of the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor of Science in
Education and preferably, a holder of a masters or doctorate degree in
education, or their equivalents, from a university, school, college, academy or
institute duly constituted, recognized and/or accredited by the Philippine
Government (d) A professional teacher with a valid certificate of registration and
valid professional license, save those members who shall compose the first
Board for Professional Teachers; (e) has been a professional teacher in the
active practice of the teaching professional for at least ten years in the
elementary and secondary level; and (f) Not be an official or member of the
faculty of, nor have pecuniary interest in any university, college, school, or
institution conferring a bachelors degree in education or its equivalent for at least
three years prior to his appointment, and neither connected with a review center
or with any group or association where review classes or lectures in preparation
for the licensure examination are offered or conducted.
The Board shall receive compensation comparable to the compensation
received by existing regulatory boards under the Professional Regulation
Commission, computed on the basis on the number of examinees/candidates. In
case of neglect of duty, incompetence, unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or
dishonorable conduct, commission or toleration of irregularities in the
examination, the President of the Philippines has the right to remove the
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chairman or any member of the Board upon the recommendation of the
commission after having been given the opportunity to defend himself in a proper
administrative investigation.
This is the section of this act that focuses on the process of
Professionalization of teachers. It has been discussed in this act that all
applicants for registration as professional teachers shall be required to undergo a
written examination in such places and dates as the Board may determine upon
approval by the Commission. It also states that a valid certificate of registration
and a valid professional license from the Commission are required before any
person is allowed to practice as a professional teacher in the Philippines, except
as otherwise allowed under the act (the exception is discussed on section 26 of
this act). The scope of examination for elementary and secondary school
teachers is separate. The examination for teachers in the elementary level shall
consist of two parts, namely: professional education and general education.
While in the secondary level it has three parts, professional education, general
education and specialization.
There are also qualification requirements of applicant for professional
teachers they are (a) a citizen of the Philippines or an alien whose country has
reciprocity with the Philippines in the practice of the teaching profession (b) at
least eighteen years of age (c) In good health and of good reputation with high
moral values (d) has not been convinced by final judgment by a court for an
offense involving moral turpitude. (e) A graduate of a school, college or university
recognized by the government and possesses the minimum educational
qualifications.
For the result of the examination the report of ratings obtained by each
examinee will be released 120 days after the examination by the appropriate
action and approval by the Professional Regulation Commission. The registration
of a professional teacher commences from the date his name is enrolled in the
roster of professional teachers. Only when a registrant has satisfactorily met all
the requirements, and upon payment of the registration fee, be issued a
certificate of registration as a professional teacher bearing a full name of the
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registrant with serial number and date of issuance. The certificate shall remain in
full force and effect until withdrawn, suspended and/or revoked in accordance
with law. The license will serve as evidence that the licensee can lawfully
practice his profession until the expiration of its validity which will took place after
three consecutive years. The oath before practice is required to all registrant
before practicing as a professional teacher.
There is also the Periodic Merit Examination of Teachers which
encourages continuing professional growth and provides additional basis for
merit promotion. Teachers may take an oral and written examination at least
once in five (5) years as basis for merit promotions. If the teachers who took the
examination fails to pass the merit examination, they will be allowed to take the
examination for the second time, should he or she fail to pass the merit
examination for the second time, he or she shall be required to take the
accredited refresher course before being allowed to retake the examination.
However, failure to pass the merit examination shall not be a ground for
any dismissal or demotion. With regards to the merit examination, teachers who
pass the merit examination should be awarded a diploma of merit by the Board.
The merit points earned will be used for purposes of promotion in salary or to a
higher position or grade level. They (teachers) will be also included in the priority
list of the government. To teachers who makes inventions, develop new methods
of teaching, writes book(s) and create works of artistic merit shall be given similar
incentives. In violating the moral conduct of a professional teacher, the Board
has the right to revoke the certificate of registration, suspend the practice of the
teaching profession, and to cancel the temporary or special permit.
The decision of the Board to revoke or suspend a certificate may be
appealed to the regional trial court of the place where the Boards holds office
within fifteen (15) days from receipt of the said decision or of the denial of the
motion for reconsideration filed in due time. Professional teachers of the
Philippines can teach the foreign country given that the requirements of
certification of teachers with said foreign state are substantial; the same with
those required and contemplated under this act. The exemption for taking the
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licensure examination is given to qualified applicants who are (a) holder of a
certificate of eligibility as a teacher issued by the Civil Service Commission and
the Department of Education, (b) Registered professional teacher with the
National Board of trustees under the Department of Education pursuant to PD
1006; or (c) Not qualified under paragraphs one and two but with any of the
following qualifications, to wit; (1) an elementary or secondary teacher for five (5)
years in good standing and a holder of a Bachelor of Science in Education or its
equivalent; or (2) an elementary or secondary teacher for three (3) in good
standing and a holder of a masters degree in education or its equivalent. Those
qualified can be one of those listed in the roster of professional teachers given
with a certificate of registration and a professional license.
No person shall practice the teaching profession without having previously
obtained a valid certificate of registration and a professional license. Stated in the
act however the punishable actions in violating this act are.

Republic Act. No. 9293
4


No applicant shall be admitted to take the examination unless, on the date
of filing of the application, he shall have complied with the requirements stated by
the law.
A graduate of a school, college or university recognized by the
government and possesses the minimum educational qualification, as follows :
(1) for teachers in preschool, a bachelors degree in early childhood education
(BECED) or its equivalent; (2) for teachers in the elementary grades, bachelors
degree in education or its equivalent with a major and minor or a bachelors
degree in arts and sciences with at least eighteen units in professional education;
and (3) for teachers in vocational and two-year courses, a bachelors degree in
the field of specialization or its equivalent, with hat least eighteen units in
professional education.

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Roque, Shiela
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No person shall engage in teaching and/ or act as a professional teacher
as defined in this act, whether in the preschool, elementary or secondary level,
unless the person is a duly registered professional teacher, and a holder of a
valid certificate of registration and a valid professional license or a holder of a
valid special/temporary permit. Upon approval of the application and payment of
the prescribed fees, the certificate of registration and professional license as a
professional teacher shall be issued without examination as required in this act to
a qualified applicant who is: (a) a holder of a certificate of eligibility as a teacher
issued by the civil service commission and the Department of Education; or (b) A
registered professional teacher with the National Board for Teachers under the
Department of Education pursuant to Presidential Decree 1006.
Professional teachers who have not practiced their profession for the past
five (5) years shall take at least five units of pedagogy and six units of content
courses or the equivalent training and number of hours; to be chosen from a list
of courses to be provided by the Board and the Department of Education, before
they can be allowed to practice the profession in the country.
Those who have failed the licensure examination for professional
teachers, with a rating of not lower-than five percentage points from the passing
general average rating, shall be eligible para-teachers upon issuance by the
board of a two-year special permit, renewable for not extendible period of two (2)
years. The para-teachers shall be assigned to areas where there is a shortage or
absence of a professional teacher, as identified and provided by the Department
of Education and the Autonomous Region of Muslim Mindanao (ARMM)
education department to the board for professional teachers and to the
commission.
A special permit may also be issued by the board to a person who has
excelled and gained international recognition and is a widely acknowledge expert
in his or her respective field of specialization.
Special permits, with a validity of three (3) and five (5) years, issued to
para-teachers by the board for professional teachers before the effectivity of this
act shall be allowed to expire based on the period granted therein: provided, that
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only special permit with a validity of thee (3) years may be renewed upon
expiration for a non-extendible period of two years.
If, for any reason, any section or provision of this act on the application of
such section or provision to any person or circumstance is declared
unconstitutional or invalid, no other section or provision of this act shall be
affected thereby.
All laws, decrease, circulars, administrative orders, rules and regulations,
and other issuances which are inconsistent with the provisions of this act are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.

Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
5


Every teacher has a right to practice their profession. With this right comes
an even greater responsibility of keeping the profession noble, looking up for the
welfare of the learners and the community and adhering to the values and
standards of the State. The cultural and educational heritage of our nation is in
the hands of our teachers. It is their obligation to transmit to the learners such
heritage as well as to elevate national morality, promote national pride, cultivate
love of country, instill allegiance to the Constitution, and promote obedience to
the laws of the State.
Teachers open the door to the world of knowledge. They inculcate into the
minds and hearts of the learners the love and respect for our country. In as early
as preschool, they mold our children into quality citizens of the country. They are
given the hard task of creating love and devotion for our nation by teaching us
respect and commitment.
It is in the acts of the teacher that he/she is admired and respected.
He/she helps create a learning environment conducive for learning; safe and
sanitary, far from negative influences and danger. The teacher keeps order and
peace in the community and provides leadership for moral, social, educational,
economic and civic betterment. Not only that, a teachers actions must help

5
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Page 20 of 36

insure that the teaching profession is the noblest profession. He/she must avoid
acts to which would taint the teaching profession like misrepresentations and
improper acts, instead, he/she should pursue other studies that would improve
his/her efficiency, enhance the prestige of the profession, and strengthen his
competence, virtues, and productivity in order to be nationally and internationally
competitive.
A teacher must be imbued with the spirit of professional loyalty, mutual
confidence, and faith in one another, self-scarifies for the common good, and full
cooperation with colleagues. When the best interest of the learners, the school,
or the profession is at stake in any controversy, teachers shall support one
another. He/she must not make false accusations against superiors, especially
under anonymity; however, he/she should present such under oath to competent
authorities if there are valid charges.
School officials, teachers, and other school personnel shall consider it
their cooperative responsibility to formulate important changes in the system at
all levels. They must put into consideration the welfare of the learners as well as
the institution. Also, the teacher must recognize the interest and well-being of the
learners before his/her own and shall handle the learner justly and impartial.
Since teachers are with the learners from morning until the afternoon, they
must be able to establish and maintain a pleasant relationship with the learners
parents and be able to gain their confidence and respect by insuring conditions
that contribute to the maximum development of the learners and extend
assistance in preventing or solving the learners problems and difficulties.
Teachers, like any other human being, have needs to be satisfied and are
sometimes financially challenged in procuring them. They resort to financial
institutions. Despite this, teachers should maintain a good reputation with respect
to financial matters such as settlement of his/her just debts, loans and other
financial affairs. Also, as a person, a teacher shall maintain at all times a dignified
personality which could serve as a model worthy of emulation by learners, peers,
and others.
Page 21 of 36

Any violation of any provision of his/her Code shall be sufficient ground for
the imposition against erring teacher of disciplinary action consisting of
revocation of his Certificate of Registration and License as a Professional
Teacher, suspension from the practice of the teaching profession, reprimand, or
cancellation of his temporary/special permit under causes specified in Sec. 23,
Article III or R.A. No. 7836, and under Rule 31, Article VIII, of the Rules and
Regulations Implementing R.A. No. 7836. (Sec. 1, Article XII)

Excerpts from the Family Code of the Philippines
6


Pursuant to the natural right and duty of parents over the person and
property of their unemancipated children, parental authority and responsibility
shall include the caring for and rearing them for civic consciousness and
efficiency and the development of their moral, mental and physical character and
well-being. Parents are the first teachers of a child. Before a child is able to go to
school, parents are the ones who teach the child what is right and wrong and the
morals that build a good character.
When a child goes to school, the teacher now acts not only as an
instructor but as a parent as well. The school, its administrators and teachers, or
the individual, entity or institution engaged in child are shall have special parental
authority and responsibility over the minor child while under their supervision,
instruction or custody.
Authority and responsibility shall apply to all authorized activities whether
inside or outside the premises of the school, entity or institution. Despite being in
or out of the school premises, the teacher still has that responsibility of being a
parent to the child. The parents, judicial guardians or the persons exercising
substitute parental authority over a minor shall be subsidiary liable.
Those exercising parental authority, the teacher, shall have the following
rights and duties:

6
Udtujan, Darleen Joy
Page 22 of 36

1. To keep them in their company, to support, educate and instruct
them by right precept and good example, and to provide for their
upbringing in keeping with their means.
2. To give them love and affection, advice and counsel,
companionship and understanding.
3. To provide them with moral and spiritual guidance, inculcate in
them honesty, integrity, self-discipline, self-reliance, industry and
thrift, stimulate their interest in civic affairs, and inspire in them
compliance with the duties of citizenship.
4. To furnish them with good and wholesome educational materials,
supervise their activities, recreation and association with others,
protect them from bad company, and prevent them from
acquiring habits detrimental to their health, studies and morals.
5. To represent them in all matters affecting their interests.
6. To demand from them respect and obedience.
7. To impose discipline on them as may be required under the
circumstances.
8. To perform such other duties as are imposed by law upon
parents and guardians.
In no case shall the school administrator, teacher of individual engaged in
child care exercising special parental authority inflict corporal punishment upon
the child. Discipline can be attained by teaching the child what is right from wrong
and correcting the wrong-doings by guidance and not by punishment. Praising a
child of his/her achievements is a form of discipline in which the parental
authority is rewarding the positive actions with positive rewards.


Page 23 of 36

Republic Act No. 7610 Excerpts Special Protection of Child Against
Child Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act
7


This Act is known as the "Special Protection of Children Against Child
Abuse, Exploitation and Discrimination Act."

It is hereby declared to be the policy of the State to provide special
protection to children from all forms of abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation and
discrimination, and other conditions prejudicial to their development; provide
sanctions for their commission and carry out a program for prevention and
deterrence of and crisis intervention in situations of child abuse, exploitation and
discrimination. The State shall intervene on behalf of the child when the parent,
guardian, teacher or person having care or custody of the child fails or is unable
to protect the child against abuse, exploitation and discrimination or when such
acts against the child are committed by the said parent, guardian, teacher or
person having care and custody of the same.

It shall be the policy of the State to protect and rehabilitate children
gravely threatened or endangered by circumstances which affect or will affect
their survival and normal development and over which they have no control.
The best interests of children shall be the paramount consideration in all actions
concerning them, whether undertaken by public or private social welfare
institutions, courts of law, administrative authorities, and legislative bodies,
consistent with the principle of First Call for Children as enunciated in the United
Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child. Every effort shall be exerted to
promote the welfare of children and enhance their opportunities for a useful and
happy life.
The following are the terms used in this law:
a) "Children" refers to persons below eighteen (18) years of age or those
over but are unable to fully take care of themselves or protect themselves

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Page 24 of 36

from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation or discrimination because of a
physical or mental disability or condition;
b) "Child abuse" refers to the maltreatment, whether habitual or not, of the
child which includes any of the following:
a. Psychological and physical abuse, neglect, cruelty, sexual abuse
and emotional maltreatment;
b. Any act by deeds or words which debases, degrades or demeans
the intrinsic worth and dignity of a child as a human being;
c) Unreasonable deprivation of his basic needs for survival, such as food and
shelter; or
d) Failure to immediately give medical treatment to an injured child resulting
in serious impairment of his growth and development or in his permanent
incapacity or death.
e) "Circumstances which gravely threaten or endanger the survival and
normal development of children" include, but are not limited to, the
following:
a. Being in a community where there is armed connect or being
affected by armed conflict-related activities;
b. Working under conditions hazardous to life, safety and morals
which unduly interfere with their normal development;
c. Living in or fending for themselves in the streets of urban or rural
areas without the care of parents or a guardian or any adult
supervision needed for their welfare;
d. Being a member of an indigenous cultural community and/or living
under conditions of extreme poverty or in an area which is
underdeveloped and/or lacks or has inadequate access to basic
services needed for a good quality of life;
e. Being a victim of a man-made or natural disaster or calamity; or
f. Circumstances analogous to those above stated which endanger
the life, safety or normal development of children.
Page 25 of 36

f) Comprehensive program against child abuse, exploitation and
discrimination" refers to the coordinated program of services and facilities
to protect children against:
a. Child prostitution and other sexual abuse;
b. Child trafficking;
c. Obscene publications and indecent shows,
d. Other acts of abuse; and
e. Circumstances which threaten or endanger the survival and normal
development of children.
There shall be a comprehensive program to be formulated by the
Department of Justice and the Department of Social Welfare and Development in
coordination with other government agencies and private sector concerned,
within one (1) year from the affectivity of this Act, to protect children against child
prostitution and other sexual abuse; child trafficking; obscene publications and
indecent shows; other acts of abuse; and circumstances which endanger child
survival and normal development.
Children, whether male or female, who for money, profit, or any other
consideration or due to the coercion or influence of any adult, syndicate or group,
indulge in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct, are deemed to be children
exploited in prostitution and other sexual abuse. The penalty of reclusion
temporal in its medium period to reclusion perpetua shall be imposed upon the
following:
a) Those who engage in or promote, facilitate or induce child
prostitution which include, but are not limited to, the following:
a. Acting as a procurer of a child prostitute;
b. Inducing a person to be a client of a child prostitute by
means of written or oral advertisements or other similar
means;
c. Taking advantage of influence or relationship to procure a
child is a prostitute;
Page 26 of 36

d. Threatening or using violence towards a child to engage him
as a prostitute; or
e. Giving monetary consideration, goods or other pecuniary
benefit to a child with the intent to engage such child in
prostitution.
b) Those who commit the act of sexual intercourse or lascivious
conduct with a child exploited in prostitution or subjected to other
sexual abuse: Provided, That when the victim is under twelve (12)
years of age, the perpetrators shall be prosecuted under Article
335, paragraph 3, for rape and Article 336 of Act No. 3815, as
amended, the Revised Penal Code, for rape or lascivious conduct.
as the case may be: Provided, That the penalty for lascivious
conduct when the victim is under twelve (12) years of age shall be
reclusion temporal in its medium period; and
c) Those who derive profit or advantage therefore, whether as
manager or owner of the establishment where the prostitution take
place, or of the sauna, disco, bar, resort, place of entertainment or
establishment serving as a cover or which engages in prostitution in
addition to the activity for which the license has been issued to said
establishment.
Any person who shall engage trading and dealing with children including,
but not limited to, the act of buying and selling of a child for money, or for any
other consideration, or barter, shall suffer the penalty of reclusion temporal to
reclusion perpetua. The penalty shall be imposed in its maximum period when
the victim is under twelve (12) years of age.
Attempt to Commit Child Trafficking. - There is an attempt to commit child
trafficking under Section 7 of this Act:
a) When a child travels alone to a foreign country without valid reason
therefore and without clearance issued by the Department of Social
Welfare and Development or written permit or justification from the
child's parents or legal guardian;
Page 27 of 36

b) When a pregnant mother executes an affidavit of consent for
adoption for a consideration;
c) When a person, agency, establishment or child-caring institution
recruits women or couples to bear children for the purpose of child
trafficking;
d) When a doctor, hospital or clinic official or employee, nurse,
midwife, local civil registrar or any other person simulates birth for
the purpose of child trafficking; or
e) When a person engages in the act of finding children among low-
income families, hospitals, clinics, nurseries, day-care centers, or
other child-caring institutions who can be offered for the purpose of
child trafficking.
A penalty lower by two (2) degrees than that prescribed for the
consummated felony under Section 7 hereof shall be imposed upon the
principals of the attempt to commit child trafficking under this Act.
All establishments and enterprises which promote or facilitate child
prostitution and other sexual abuse, child trafficking, obscene publications and
indecent shows, and other acts of abuse shall be immediately closed and their
authority or license to operate cancelled, without prejudice to the owner or
manager thereof being prosecuted under this Act and/or the Revised Penal
Code, as amended, or special laws. A sign with the words "off limits" shall be
conspicuously displayed outside the establishments or enterprises by the
Department of Social Welfare and Development for such period which shall not
be less than one (1) year, as the Department may determine. The unauthorized
removal of such sign shall be punishable by prison correctional.
An establishment shall be deemed to promote or facilitate child prostitution
and other sexual abuse, child trafficking, obscene publications and indecent
shows, and other acts of abuse if the acts constituting the same occur in the
premises of said establishment under this Act or in violation of the Revised Penal
Code, as amended. An enterprise such as a sauna, travel agency, or recruitment
agency which: promotes the aforementioned acts as part of a tour for foreign
Page 28 of 36

tourists; exhibits children in a lewd or indecent show; provides child masseurs for
adults of the same or opposite sex and said services include any lascivious
conduct with the customer; or solicits children for activities constituting the
aforementioned acts shall be deemed to have committed the acts penalized
herein.
Children below fifteen (15) years of age may be employed. Provided that,
the following minimum requirements are present:
a) The employer shall secure for the child a work permit from the
Department of Labor and Employment;
b) The employer shall ensure the protection, health, safety and morals
of the child;
c) The employer shall institute measures to prevent exploitation or
discrimination taking into account the system and level of
remuneration, and the duration and arrangement of working time;
and
d) The employer shall formulate and implement a continuous program
for training and skill acquisition of the child.
The Department of Labor and Employment shall promulgate rules and
regulations necessary for the effective implementation of this section.

Republic Act No. 7877
8


Section II is the Declaration of Policy it states that the state shall value the
dignity of every individual enhance the development of its human resources,
guarantee full respect for human rights and uphold the dignity of workers,
employees, applicants for employment, students or those undergoing training or
education. Section III is the Work, Education or training related to Sexual
Harassment Defined (a) In a work-related or employment environment sexual
harassment is committed when: (1) The sexual favor is made as a condition in
the hiring or in the employment; re-employment or continued employment of said

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Tarraya, Rashel
Page 29 of 36

individual or in granting said individual favorable compensation, terms,
conditions, promotions or privileges, or the refusal to grant the sexual favor result
in limiting segregating or classifying the employees which in anyway discriminate,
deprive or diminish employment opportunities or otherwise adversely affect said
employee. (2) the above act would impair the employees rights or privileges
under existing labor laws; or (3) the above act would result in an intimidating
hostile, or offensive environment for the employee. (b) in an education or training
environment sexual harassments is committed when: (1) against one under the
care, custody, or supervision of the offender (2) against one whose education,
training apprenticeship or tutorship in entrusted to the offender (3) when the
sexual favor is made condition to the giving of a passing grade or the granting of
honors and scholarship or the payment of a stipend allowance or other benefits,
previleges or considerations; or (4) when the sexual advances result in the
intimidating hostile or offensive environment for the result of the trainee or
apprentice.
Section IV is the duty of the employer or head of office in a work-related
education or training environment, it states that the employer or head of office
shall (a) promulgate appropriate rules and regulations in consultations with and
jointly approved by the employees or students or trainee, through their duly
designated representatives, prescribing the procedure for the investigation of
sexual harassment cases and administrative sanctions (b) create a committee on
decorum and investigation of case on sexual harassment. Section V is the
liability of the employees, head of office, education or training institution, it states
that the employer or head of office, educational or training institutions shall be
solidarily liable for damages arising from the sexual harassment committed in the
employment, education or training environment, if the employer or head of office,
educational or training institution is informed of such acts by the offended party
and no immediate action is taken there on.
Section VI is the independent action damages it states that nothing in this
shall preclude the victim of work education of training related to sexual
Page 30 of 36

harassment from instituting a separate and independent action damages and
other affirmative relief.
Section VII is the Penalties, it states that (a) imprisonment of not less than
1 month nor more than 6 months (b) fine not less than 10,000 nor more than 20,
000 or (3) both such fine and imprisonment at the discretion of the court.
Section VII is the separability clause; it states that if any portion or
provision of this act is declared void or unconstitutional, the remaining portions or
provisions hereof shall not be affected by such declaration. Section IX is the
Repealing clause, it states that all laws, decrees, orders, rules and regulation,
other issuances or parts thereof inconsistent with the provision of this act are
hereby repealed or modified accordingly.
Section X is the Effectivity Clause, it states that the act shall take effect
fifteen (15) days after its complete publication in at least two national newspaper
of general circulation.

Excerpts from R.A. 8980
9


Before we define the Early Child Care Development program (ECCD), it is
important to know why the word Early was given emphasis, why ECCD and
not only Child Care Development (CCD). It is said that fifty percent (50%) of the
persons ability to learn is developed in the first four years of life and another
thirty percent (30%) is developed by the 8
th
birthday. Children who are
malnourished up to their 2
nd
birthday do not adequately grow either physically
and mentally. The brain grows about 80 percent of adult size at the age of three
and 90% by age five. At 0-3 years old, brain development is more rapid and the
number of cell connections that allow learning to happen increase by 20 times.
The brain organizes itself thru the interaction of genes responding to local
environment. The quality of experiences both within the family and the
community, sets the stage for whether there is going to be greater or lesser
success in school which can affect success in the workplace. Children, who

9
Viva, Jovie
Page 31 of 36

have been abused and neglected in early life, may not be functioning at their
chronological age in terms of their physical, social, emotional, and cognitive
skills. At four years brain cells starts to prune and at 6 most of the brain
connections are made. Therefore, the early years of life (0-6 years) matter
because the interactive influences of both early experiences and gene
expression affect the architecture of the maturing brain. What we are as adults
are the products of the world we experienced as children.
According to Selowsky (Chile) "Effects of nutritional intervention on
malnourished childrens weight and intellectual capacity are linked with future
earnings; Selowsky also showed that the consequences of failing to provide
adequate nutrition to children at an early age were irreversible. Therefore, the
investment in childrens health is linked with economic and social benefits.
There is positive correlation between nutrition and cognitive ability of a child,
thus quality early child development results to economic employment.
ECCD aims for the well being and holistic development of the child. It
embodies appropriate practices which attend to health, nutrition, security and
learning. It involves all the members of the community because after all people
not programs change people ECCD is a shared responsibility. The way society
function is a reflection of the child rearing practices of that society.
The legal foundations of ECCD are as follows: PD 1567, Barangay Day
Care Law (a day care center for every barangay) RA 6972, Total Development
and Protection Act. Early Childhood Care and Development (ECCD) System
refers to the full range of health, nutrition, early education and social services
programs that provide for the basic holistic needs of young children from birth to
age six (6), to promote their optimum growth and development. These programs
include:
a) Center-based programs, such as the day care service established
under Republic Act No. 6972, public and private pre-Schools,
kindergarten or school-based programs, community or church-
based early childhood education programs initiated by non-
government organizations or people's organizations, workplace-
Page 32 of 36

related child care and education programs, child-minding centers,
health centers and stations; and
b) Home-based programs, such as the neighborhood-based play
groups, family day care programs, parent education and home
visiting programs.
ECCD Service Providers include the various professionals,
paraprofessionals, and volunteer caregivers who are directly responsible for the
care and education of young children through the various center and home-
based programs. They are the day care workers, teachers, teacher-aides, rural
health midwives, social workers, community health workers, barangay nutrition
scholars, parent effectiveness service volunteers, child development workers,
and family day care providers.
ECCD Curriculum refers to the age-appropriate and developmentally
appropriate educational objectives, program of activities, organized learning
experiences and recommended learning materials for children that are
implemented by service providers through center and home-based programs. It
shall consist of national program goals and guidelines, instructional objectives,
and content outlines integrating local learning experiences and indigenous
learning materials.
Parent Education refers to the various formal and alternative means of
providing parents with information, skills, and support systems to assist them in
their roles as their children's primary caregivers and educators. These include
public and private parent education programs linked to center, home and media-
based child care and education programs.
ECCD goal is to promote the rights of the children (0-6 years) and ensure
development of their full potential. The objectives of the National ECCD are as
follows:
a) To achieve improved infant and child survival rates.
b) To enhance the physical, social, emotional, cognitive,
psychological, spiritual and language development of young
children.
Page 33 of 36

c) To enhance the role of parents and other caregivers.
d) To facilitate smooth transition from care and education provided at
home to community or school based setting and to primary school.
e) To enhance the capabilities of service providers and supervisors to
comply with the quality standards for various ECCD programs.
f) To enhance and sustain the efforts of communities to promote
ECCD programs.
g) To ensure that young children are adequately prepared for formal
learning system.
h) To establish an efficient system for early identification, prevention,
referral and intervention for development disorders and disabilities
in early childhood; and
i) To improve the quality standards of public and private ECCD
programs.
The ECCD System Framework shall include the following components:
a) ECCD Curriculum - focuses on children's total development
according to their individual needs and socio-cultural background. It
shall promote the delivery of complementary and integrative
services for health care, nutrition, early childhood education,
sanitation, and cultural activities. It shall use the child's first
language as the medium of instruction.
b) Parent Education and Involvement, Advocacy, and Mobilization of
Communities - which harness and develop parents' strengths as
providers of ECCD at home, active partners or other stakeholders,
advocates for community concerns that affect children, and pillars
of support for local and national ECCD programs through
community organization efforts.
c) Human Resource Development Program - which establishes
mechanisms for the systematic professionalization of ECCD service
providers, through enrollment in educational programs in site-based
or distance educational modes, through pre-service or in-service
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training including continuing education programs, whereby a
registration and credential system shall be developed in the ECCD
System.
d) ECCD Management - focuses on a continuing process of planning,
implementation, supervision, financial management, monitoring,
evaluation and reporting. It shall encourage the active involvement
and build the capabilities of service providers, parents, and local
government officials to sustain the program and it shall be guided
by the principles of decentralization as stipulated in the Local
Government Code of 1991
e) Quality Standards and Accreditation - which ensures that each
component in the ECCD System complies with national quality
standards, to be established by the National ECCD Coordinating
Council as provided for under Section 8 of this Act, linked to an
accreditation process.
f) Establishment of ECCD System. - The National ECCD System
shall be established in at least three (3) regions each year, as may
be determined by the National ECCD Coordinating Council, to
achieve national coverage over a five-year period.
In line with the provisions of RA 8990 and with the emergence of modern
technologies, the Department of Social Welfare and Development (DSWD) in
partnership with the United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF) recently created
the Early Childhood Care and Development Information System (ECCD-IS) to
monitor the nationwide implementation of the ECCD a comprehensive,
integrative and sustainable program addressing the holistic needs of children five
years old and below. According to the DSWD, ECCD-IS is a new automated and
web-based reporting system that will generate reliable, comprehensive and
timely information on the ECCD Program from service providers such as day
care workers at the city and municipal levels.

Page 35 of 36

III. SUMMARY
Being an instructor and a mentor is just a part of being a teacher. Being a
second parent to the number of children under his/her care is one of the
challenging roles a teacher must portray to be the best in his/her profession.
They are liable for the damages, injuries, and things that will happen to the
learners. They must ensure not only knowledge but also the safety and welfare of
the students.
Republic act 7836 is known to be Philippine Teachers Professionalization
Act of 1994. Under this act are the functions of the Board appointed by the
Philippine President and it consist of five (5) members. The process of
professionalization of teachers to start of practice in the teaching profession is
embodied in this act. From taking the course and/or units of education to filling
the licensure examination for teachers, to oaths in joining the roster of troops for
professional teachers and the start of the practice to being a professional
teacher.
Many aspects in life of a human being is determined between ages 0 and
6. Scientific research has shown that these years are essential for the
development of intelligence, personality and social behaviors (Myers, 1995). This
is because children's physiological and psychological structures are in full
development between these ages. Early childhood is the age when basic skills
like walking, talking and relating to others are learned, and when self-confidence
is acquired. It is then the time of life when stimulation can have the greatest
influence on development because it acts on faculties that are still maturing. The
Philippine government wanting to provide impetus to the recognized need for
early childhood care and education instituted RA 8980 an act promulgating a
comprehensive policy and a national system for Early Childhood Care and
Development (ECCD) providing funds therefore and other purposes which
primarily "... the state shall institutionalize a National System for Early Childhood
Care and Development (ECCD) that is comprehensive, integrative and
sustainable, involving multi-sectoral and inter-agency collaboration at the
national and local levels among government; among service providers, families
Page 36 of 36

and communities ; and among the public and private sectors, non government
organizations, professional associations, and academic institutions..." To cite few
if its objectives are (1) To enhance the physical social, emotional, cognitive,
psychological, spiritual and language development of young children;
The teaching profession is an occupation that most people think is the
easiest thing to do. Little do they know that it does not start and end in the
classroom, instead, it extends to the community. It is the teacher that keeps the
learners safe and educated. It is also them that cater to the needs of not just the
learners but also the society. They are the ones who instill the sense of respect
and pride for the nation. It is in their hands that the future of not only our children
but of the whole State is under; teaching the young minds for a better nation, a
better tomorrow.
Teachers must follow certain codes of ethics in order to keep them, their
name, and the teaching profession clean and noble. A stained reputation of a
teacher affects not only him but the whole (teaching) community as well.
Teaching morals and values should start from ones self in order to teach them to
others. Teaching good morals and values is a good teacher, having good morals
and values is a better teacher.

IV. REFERENCES:
Bilbao, Corpuz, et. al, The Teaching Profession, Lorimar Publishing Co.,
Inc., Manila, 2006
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers,
http://sweetlhen2008.wordpress.com/2011/06/10/code-of-ethics-for-
professional-teachers/, (retrieved: July 1, 2014)
Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers
teachercodes.iiep.unesco.org/teachercodes/codes/Asia/Philippines.
pdf, (retrieved: July 1, 2014)