ME2143

MOTOR CHARACTERISTICS
LAB REPORT

Name: yayaya yaya
Group: 2M2

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE
Ti!e:
Motor Characteristics
Aim a"# o$%e&i'e:
The aims of the experiments is to allow us to be familiar with the wiring and
basic characteristics of the D.C. Series Motor, D.C. Shunt Motor and the A.C. 3-
hase S!uirrel Cage "nduction Motor b# examine the relationship between
Tor!ue, Speed, $oltage, and Current for the different t#pes of motor in no-load
and loaded configurations.
Daa a"# re(u!(:
Table %& DC Series Motor Constant-'oad
Test (esults
$olts )$* Speed )rpm* Current )A*
%+, --.. ,./,0
%0, -,12 ,./,,
%/, %+1% ,.3.-
%-, %1.+ ,.3+.
%,, %3// ,.320
+, %,2- ,.302
0, 223.+ ,.31+

Table -& DC Series Motor 'oad Test
(esults
$olts )$* Speed )rpm* Tor!ue )3m* Current )A*
%+, -3/3 , ,./,/
%2..3 -%00 ,.% ,./%2
%2+.. %++1 ,.- ,.1%2
%2+.3 %0/% ,.3 ,.1.2
%22.2 %1%- ,./ ,.0//
%22.% %31/ ,.1 ,.2-0
%20.1 %-01 ,.0 ,.2+1
%21.. %%.1 ,.2 ,.+/1
%2/.2 %%,. ,.+ ,..-1
%2/.3 %,0% ,.. ,..2-
%23.2 %,%3 %., %.,-1
Table 3& DC Shunt Motor 3o 'oad Test
(esults
$olts
)$*
Speed
)rpm*
4ield Current, "4 )A* 'ine Current, "'
)A*
-/, %/., ,.%01 ,.30+
--, %/31 ,.%1- ,.312
-,, %32. ,.%3+ ,.31%
%+, %3-+ ,.%-1 ,.3/.
%0, %-0, ,.%%% ,.3/.
%/, %-%3 ,.,.. ,.31,
%-, %%/% ,.,+/ ,.31.
%,, %,1/ ,.,2% ,.320
+, ./..% ,.,12 ,./,+
0, 2.0.1 ,.,/- ,./0%
Table /& DC Shunt Motor 'oad Test (esults
$olts )$* Speed )rpm* Tor!ue )3m* 4ield Current, "4
)A*
'ine Current, "' )A*
-/, %111 , ,.%0+ ,.303
-/, %13, ,.% ,.%0+ ,./-0
-/, %1,% ,.- ,.%02 ,./+1
-/, %/+, ,.3 ,.%02 ,.10,
-/, %/13 ,./ ,.%02 ,.0/%
-/, %/,- ,.1 ,.%02 ,.2%/
-/, %/,- ,.0 ,.%02 ,.2+-
-/, %/,/ ,.2 ,.%02 ,.+1.
-/, %3.1 ,.+ ,.%02 ,..33
-/, %3+, ,.. ,.%00 %.,%%
-/, %30+ %., ,.%00 %.,+/
Table 1& AC 3- Motor /,,$ AC (esults
$olts )$* Tor!ue )3m* Speed )rpm* 'ine Current )A*
/,, , %/2/ ,.-1
/,, ,.% %/0/ ,.-0
/,, ,.- %/1+ ,.-2
/,, ,.3 %//+ ,.-+
/,, ,./ %/32 ,.3,
/,, ,.1 %/-0 ,.3%
/,, ,.0 %/%/ ,.33
/,, ,.2 %/,- ,.31
/,, ,.+ %3+. ,.32
/,, ,.. %322 ,./,
/,, %., %303 ,./-
Di(&u((io":
4.3 question
a* 5h# must the DC series motor be alwa#s started under load and gi6e
examples in #our answer7
8ecause starting with no load will gi6e a low current according to e!uation
A dev
I K T =
. Then the low current will cause a high speed due to e!uation

K
R I V
A A T
m

=
which is damaging to the motor.
b* 5hat is the relationship between Tor!ue and Current for a DC series motor7
The flux is proportional to field current "
f
which is e!ual to "
A
as =f
I
A. Then
we ha6e the relation between load, flux and current as
A dev
I K T =
. So we get
the relation between load and current as
-
) *
dev A f A A f A
T K I K K I I KK I = = =
c* Tr# #our best to briefl# explain the shape of the Tor!ue 6ersus Speed graph
obtained in this experiment.
The relation is
dev
T
-
%
W

we can get the relationship as follows&
A A A T
E I R V + =
=f a a a a
R I R I E + +
since
m A
K E = ) *
f a m
K K I w =
9
a m
K I w =
so
9
T f a a a a m
V R I R I K I w = + +
so
9
T
a
a f m
V
I
R R K w
=
+ +
since
-
dev f A
T KK I =


-
-
9
) 9 *
T
dev
a f m
K V
T
R R K w
=
+ +
dev
T
-
%
W
8esides that, in realit# there are saturation effect and rotational loss which will more
or less affect the relation a bit. So the speed will reach a 6alue in stead of going to
infinit# due to rotational loss and the T
de6
will not going high as the speed is too low
due to the saturation effect that when "
f
is going high the flux can not go with it as too
high and will sta# in a 6alue.
5.3 Questions
a* :xplain how speed is regulated in a DC shunt motor and gi6e examples.
4irstl#, the 8ac; emf is gi6en b#
m A
K E =
Then
A A A T
E I R V + =
Combining the two e!uations we get&

K
R I V
A A T
m

=
4rom this e!uation, we can see that the speed can be regulated b# the following
three methods&
%. Armature 6oltage control b# 6ar#ing 6oltage $T. As the 6oltage goes up, the
speed also increases.
-. 4ield control b# 6ar#ing (4 to change the flux

. The speed increases as the

field current is increasing.
3. 8ac; emf control b# 6ar#ing (A. As (A is increasing, the speed will decrease.

b* 4rom no-load to full-load explain in #our own words wh# there is little speed
6ariation o6er this range.
The change of load of a shunt connected motor is independent of the change of
field, so from the no load to full load configuration the change in load will onl#
cause the "
A to
change which is relati6el# small. 5hen comparing the series
connected motor and the shunt connected motor, from the e!uation which relates
the load to the speed we can see that within the normal operation range, the slope
of shunt connected is much steeper than series connected one. That gi6es us a
more direct wa# to see that.
c* Tr# #our best to briefl# explain the shape of the Tor!ue 6ersus Speed graph
obtained in this experiment.
The graph of tor!ue against speed shows that tor!ue decreases while speed
increases in a linear manner we can get the relation through following&
:
A
<
A A T m
I R V K =
A dev
I K T =

K
T
I
dev
a
=
Substituting for "
A
in the abo6e e!uation

a
dev
T m
R
K
T
V K * )

=
:6entuall#,
* )
m T
a
dev
K V
R
K
T

=
5e can sa# that T
de6
is decreases linearl# with increasing of speed
m

For AC motor
"n the experiment, the characteristics of a 3-phase AC induction motor are also
studied. The results show that the speed decreases as the line current increases. Also,
the speed of the rotor decreased when the applied load, or tor!ue increases. 8ased on
the theoretical e!uation
C C
C
!s R
V
"
I
+
= , current "c decreases when =, the speed of
the rotor increases. >ur experimental result is consistent with it. Moreo6er, within the
normal operation range, tor!ue and speed are in6ersel# proportional to each other. "t is
also noticed that there is little speed 6ariation when the applied load is changed.
Co"&!u(io"
Seen from our experiment, we find that for a D.C. series motor and a D.C. shunt
motor the relationship between speed, tor!ue and current is different. The difference
ma#be caused b# different arrangement of field winding inside the motor. 5e can
ma;e better use of them in different field due to their different characteristics.
Their characteristics are shown as below&
4or D.C. Series Motors&
)a* Tor!ue is proportional to the s!uare of the armature current.
)b* Tor!ue is proportional to the reciprocal of the speed.
4or D.C. Shunt Motors&
)a* Speed is not affected b# the load of the motor but the $T,

and (a and b#
6ar#ing these 3 6ariables we can get the speed one desire.
)b* Tor!ue decreases linearl# with the speed of the motor